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)    BINDING  LIST  DEC  15 


1927 


MEMOIRS 


OF    THE 


CARNEGIE   MUSEUM 


VOL.   X 


W.  J.  HOLLAND,  Editor 


^1 
1 


PITTSBURGH 

Published  by  authority  of  Board  of  Trustees  of  Carnegie  Institute 

DECEMBER  1922— JUNE  1925 


CARNEGIE   INSTITlTIi   PRESS 
PITTSBURGH.  PA. 


PREFATORY  NOTE 


The  l\Mitli  \'olume  of  the  Memoirs  of  the  Carnegie  Museum  contains  foui' 
papers.  Tlie  fii'st  is  a  list  of  the  Fishes  of  Hawaii  by  David  Starr  Jorchui  and  Eric 
Knight  Jordan,  his  son:  the  second  is  a  paper  upon  Tlie  Fishes  coUeeted  in  Jai^an 
by  David  8.  Jordan,  in  the  year  1922.  In  the  preparation  of  this  catalog  Mr. 
Carl  Leavitt  Ilubbs  collaborated  with  Dr.  Jordan  as  did  also  ^Mes.^^rs.  Ern(>st  A. 
^McGregor  and  ^I.  Kasawa.  the  former  aiding  Dr.  Jordan  in  the  study  of  the 
Salmot}ida\  the  latter  in  preparing  the  account  of  Xetunia  osak(v.  The  tliiid  \n\pev 
is  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Charles  W.  Gilmore,  giving  a  i:)reliminary  description  of  a 
singularly  perfect  specimen  of  a  sauropod  dinosain-,  wliicli  Mr.  Ciilmore  has 
provisionally  identified  as  Camarasaurus  lentus  Marsli.  The  fourth  i)aper  is  also 
from  tlie  pen  of  ^Ir.  Gilmore.  and  contains  an  account  of  the  skeletal  remains  of 
three  Ornithopodous  dinosaurs  collected  at  the  National  Dinosaur  ^lonumeut  in 
Utah  by  Mr.  Earl  Douglass  and  his  assistants.  These  si^ecimens  add  materially 
to  our  knowledge  of  the  osteology  of  the  group  of  reptiles  \\hich  they  re]3resent. 

It  is  a  matter  for  congratulation  that  we  have  been  able  to  Ijring  these  i)apers 
through  the  press  with  reasonable  promptness. 

A  number  of  other  important  papers,  which  relate  to  the  great  paleontological 
and  zoological  collections  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  are  in  hand  or  under  way,  and 
we  anticipate  with  pleasure  their  appearance,  as  they  contain  important  contri- 
butions to  our  knowledge.  Progress  in  science  is  gradually  made.  In  spite  of  the 
somewhat  slow  natvu'e  of  the  process,  we  flatter  ourselves  that  what  has  been 
accomplished  by  the  Carnegie  ^Museum,  since  the  ])ublication  of  its  scientific 
papers  was  initiated  more  than  twenty  years  ago,  has  abundantly  justified  this 
phase  of  our  activities.  It  is  interesting  to  one,  who  is  familiar  with  the  scientific 
literature  of  the  present  time,  to  see  how  constantly  reference  is  being  made  in 
text-books,  as  well  as  in  scientific  journals,  to  the  papers  whicli  havi'  from  time  to 
time  been  published  by  this  Mu.seum.  In  fact  few  students  of  paleontology  and 
zoology  write  today  without  making  reference  to  the  results  of  the  researclies, 
which  we  have  l)een  permitted  to  cai'ry  on. 

W.  J.  Holland,  Editor. 

Carnegie  Museum, 
May  29,  1925. 

ill 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


PAGKS 

I.  Title  pages i-ii 

II.  Prefatory  Note • iii 

III.  Table  of  Contents v 

IV.  List  of  Figures  in  Text vii- viii 

\'.  List  of  Plates ix-x 

VI.     CIenera,  Species,  and  Varieties  described  in  this  volume  as 

NEW  to  science,  OR  REDESCRIBED  AND  FIGURED xi~.XV 

VII.     Errata.  Corrigenda,  and  Supplementary  Notes xvi-xvii 

]\Iemoir  Xo.  1.  A  list  of  the  Fishes  of  Hawaii,  with  Notes  and  Descrip- 
tions of  New  Species.  By  David  Starr  Jordan  and  Eric 
Knight  Jordan.     (Plates  I-IV) 1-92 

Memoir  No.  2.  Record  of  Fishes  Obtained  by  David  Starr  Jordan  in 
Japan,  1922.  By  David  S.  Jordan  and  Carl  Lcavitt 
Hubbs  (The  Salmonidse  tjy  David  Starr  Jordan  and 
Ernest  Alexander  McGregor).     (Plates  V-XII) 93-346 

Memoir  No.  3.  A  Nearly  Complete  Articulated  Skeleton  of  Camara- 
saurus,  a  Saurischian  Dinosaur  from  the  Dinosaur 
National  Monument,  Utah.  By  Charles  W.  Gilmore. 
(Plates  XIII-XVII) 347-384 

Memoir  No.  4.  Csteology  of  Ornithopodous  Dinosaurs  fiom  the  Dino- 
saur National  ^Monument,  Utah.  B}'  Charles  ^^'.  Gil- 
more.     (Plate  XVIII) 385-410 

Index 411-449 


LIST  OF  FIGURES  IX  TFXT. 


Memoir  No.   1. 

FIfiURE  I'AOK 

1.  T'f.s'/^o.s^.s  cgrcgiux  .l(ii-(l;iii 23 

2.  Islinphorus  gladiun  (Broussonet) 31 

3.  RJiyacanthidn  nnismifhi  Joi'dan 46 

4.  Peristedion  engyceros  GUnther ofi 

5.  Peristedion  gilberti  Joixlan 57 

G.  Roa  {Loa)  exceha  Jordan 00 

7.  Masiurus  lanccolatus  (Lienaixl) 88 

Memoir  No.  2. 

1.  Sfhdstodcs  Ihonipsoni  .Joi-dnn  and  Ilubbs 20(5 

Memoir  No.  3. 

1.  Skull  and  lower  jaws  of  C'((ninrnfiauri(s  Icnfux  Marsli.    \'i('W('d  from  left  side  354 

2.  Skull  of  Do.    Sup(^i'ior  view 35() 

3.  Skull  and  lower  jaws  of  Do.     Posterior  view 359 

4.  Skull  and  neck  of  Do.    ^'iewed  from  left  side 361 

5.  Right  sternal  plate  of  Do.    Sui)erior  view 377 

Memoir  No.  4. 

1.  Left  scapida  and  coraeoid  of  ('(imptosdvrus  nicdius  Marsh 390 

2.  L(>ft  fore  limb  and  foot  of  Do 391 

3.  Skull  of  Dryosaurufi  alius  Marsh 395 

4.  Anterior  dorsal  vertebi'a'  with  arti('ulat(Ml  ribs  of  Do 399 

5.  Posterior  dorsal  vertebra^,  sacrum,  and  pelvis  with  ailiculated  libs  of  Do..  399 

6.  Rioht  ilium,  vertebra-,  and  ossified  tendons  of  Do 401 

7.  Recon.structed  skull  of  Laosauriis  gracilis  Mai'sh 405 

8.  Pectoral  arch  and  humeri  of  Do 407 

vii 


'^ 


PLATE 


LIST  OF  PLATES 


« 


L     Albula  virgatu  Joi'dan  and  Jordan,  fjijx'.    Mucinpliuin  Iiolhnidi  Joi'daii  and 

Joi-dan,  tijpc;  Fluj.'^iculus  grinnelii  Jordan  and  Jordan,  ////^r. 
IT.     Eu)ncyislus  illudris  Jordan  and  Joi'dan,  ////«■;  Srnptcn'ds  fnKjilis  .lordaii 

and  Jordan,  type 
IIL     Cvnlrupiigc   potteri   (Jordan   and   Alctz)    adult    male;    Cnilnipiiijc   hilniUv 
Jordan  and  Jordan,  type;  Chcilinii.s  biiiuiculdtus  Cuvici'  and  \'alcn- 
ciennes. 
IV.     Calliurichthys  astrinitis  Jordan  and  Jordan,  tj/jx-;   CdUitirlcIitlnjs  zaiKcti'^ 
Jordan  and  Jordan;   ('(inthidermis  augulnsiis  ((^uoy  and  (iainiai-d). 
V.     Psychichthys  eidolon  Jordan  and  Hu1)l)s,  type;  OnrorJiynrliKs  o<lo)iis  Joi'dan 
and  McGregor,  type;  OneurhyneJtus  h-ttwanuinv  .]tm\-du  and  Mc(  li'cgoi', 
type. 
VI.     Oneorhynchus    ishlkdwa'    Jordan    and     McGregor,    type;    Oneurhyiielun 

muerostomus  (Gunther);  Oneorhynchus  meicrostomus  (Glinther). 
VH.     Oneorhynchus  rhodurus  Jordan  and  ^IcGregor,  type;  Sahrliuus  pluvius 

(Hilgendorf):  Sedvelinus  inibrius  Jordan  and  McGregor,  type. 
VHI.     Scales  of  Jai)anese  Salmonidse. 
IX.     Xetunta  osakcv  .loi'dan  and  Kasawa,  type;  Gunthopogon   in(ijii>i(r  Jordan 
and    Hubhs,    type;    Belligobio    eristiginn    Joi'dan    ami    Iluhbs,    type; 
Ocycrius  japonicus  (Doderlein). 
X.     Liopempheris    sasakii   Jordan    and    Hubbs,    type;    Mahikiehthys    n'okiyw 
Jordan  and  Hubbs,  type;  Brachirus  bellus  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  type. 
XL     IburieUn  knsawce  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  type;   Enetvurn  evides  Jordan  and 

Hubbs,  type;  Ztdescopus  to-m'  Jordan  and  Hul)l)S,  type. 
XII.      Zestichthys  tannkcc  Jordan  and  Hul:)bs,  type;  Allolei)is  holldtidi  Jordan  and 
Hubbs,  type;  Monomitopus  kunue  Jordan  and  IIul)bs,  type. 
XIII.     Photograph  of  skeleton  of  Camara.'iaurus  leuliis  (Marsh)  in  position  as 

found. 
XIV.     Drawing  of  skeleton  of  (\tmoraseiurus  lentus  (Marsh)  designed  as  a  key 
to  Plate  XIII. 


IX 


X  MEMOIRS  OF  TITE  CARXECIE  MT'SEUM. 

XA'.     l^h()to,<2;i';i])li  of  skeleton  of  ('lutinrdsdurns  Icnliis  (Marsh)  as  mounted  and 

displayed  in  the  Carnegie  Museum. 
XVI.     Skull  of  ('(i))iiir<is(turtif<  lentus  (Marsh).     Two-thirds  natural  size. 
XMl.     Restoi'ation  of  Skeleton  of   Cdniardfidunis   Icntus   (Mai'sh).     Di'awn   by 
Sidney  Prentice  under  tln>  direction  of  C.  W.  Gilmore. 
XVIII.     Skeleton  of  Camptosaarus  inedius  Marsh. 


GENERA,  SPECIES,  AND  VARIETIES  DESCRIBED  AS  XE\\  T( )  SCIENCE, 
OR  REDESCRIBED  AND  FIGURED  IN  THIS  VOLUME. 

REPTILIA  (Fossilia). 

Older  DINOSAURIA. 

Suborder  SA  UROPODA. 

v\(iv: 
Camarasdurus  Iciitus  (Marsh)  (k'sci'iption  of  nearly  eoniiilctc  articulated 

skeleton 347-384 

Suborder  OR  XI T  IK)  POD  A . 

Camptosauriis  medius  Marsh 385-393 

DrijosauruH  alius  Marsh 394-402 

Laosrnn-K.s  grnciUs  Mai'sh 403-409 

PISCES  (Viventes). 

PACE 

Family  DASYATID^E:  Dnsyatis  ii-'^liiei  Jordan  and  Ilulibs,  sp.  nov..    1 14 

Family  CHOLERID.E:  Psyduchthys  eidolon,  Joi'dan  and  Huhhs,  s}). 

nov.    PI.  V,  fi^-.  1 117 

Phasmichthys  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sen.  nov., 
(type  Chimcvra  tnitfiukitrii  Jordan  and 
Snyder) 119 

Family  ALBULIDjE:  Albido  vinjoto  Jordan  and  Jordan,  s]).  nov. 

PI.  I,  fi,iv.  1 6 

Family  SALMONID^E:  Onrorhynclnin  adoruH  Jordan  and  MeGrep;oi', 

."^l).  nov.    PI.  V,  fit;-.  2;  VIII,  fig.  4.  ..  .    127 
Oncorhynchus     k(nr<iinu)'(c     Jordan      and 
McGregor,  sj).  nov.    PI.  V,  fig.  3:  VIII, 

fig.  5 128 

OiicorhyncliuH  ?.s7;/A7n/vr  Joi-dan  and  Mc- 
Gregor, sp.  nov.  PI.  VI.  fig.  1;  VIII, 
fig.  G 132 

xi 


XU  MIOMOIHS  OF  TiriO  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Oncorlii/ncliiis  rli<)(liini.'<  Jordan  and  AIc- 
Grcgor,  s|).  nov.  PI.  \'II,  fi-;-.  J;  \'II1, 
fi^H.  12 137 

Sdh'cliiuis   j)l living;    (HiljieMidorf).      PI.    VII, 

fiii.  1 141 

Sdlrcliiiit.s   inibriu-s  Jordan   and   McCircgor, 

s]).  nov.     PI.  VII,  fis.  3;  VIII,  «<>•.  15.    142 
Family  ('ONCiRID^E:  Anago  Joidaii  and  IIul)l)s,  <>;('n.  nov.,  (Ty])o 

Cotujcr  (tuiuji)  Tcmminck  and  Schlegol.    H)3 

Congriscus  Jordan  and  IIul)l)s,  <icn.  nov. 
(Type  Corigcrmiirdnd  iiicgasldiiid  (iun- 
thcr) 193 

Astroconger  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov., 

(Type  Anijuilld  myriaster  Brevoort) .  .  .    194 

AUoconger  Jordan   and   Hubbs,   gen.   nov. 

(Ty]i('  Lepiocephdl IIS  fhivirostris  Snyder) .  .  .    195 

Rhynchocymba  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 
(Type  Leptocr])}idliis  nijHtmmi  Jordan 
and  Snydei') 195 

Rhynchoconger  Jordan  and  Hu))bs,gen.nov. 
(Type  LeptDcephalus  ectenurus  Jordan 
and  R.  E.  Richardson) 19() 

Congrina  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 
(Type   Cnngcrmurcrnd  cequorea  Gilbert 

and  Cramer) 196 

Family  GYPRINIDjE:  Gnathopogon  suinv  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp. 

nov 160 

Gridthopogdu  iiidji/tdr  .hnxhui  anil  Hubbs,  sp. 

nov.     PI.  IX,  fig.  2 167 

Gtidlhdjxigoti   ldngiJ'ili-'<  Joi'dan  and  Hu])bs, 

sj).  nov 169 

CnuiUidjHujdn   tsiicJiigd-'  Jordan   and   Hubbs, 

sp.  nov 170 

Belligobio  .lordan  and  Hul:)bs,  gen.  nov. 
(Tyi)e  BcUigohio  crhtigma  Jordan  and 
Hubbs,  sp.  nov.     PI.  IX,  fig.  3) .  .    172-173 


Family  ARIID.E: 
Family  MYCTOPHID.E : 


MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM.  XIU 

S(irc()clicih'ch(ln/s  itiorii  Jordan  and  liubljs, 

sp.  nov 175 

Acahara  Jordan  and  Hiiljbs,  <i(>n.  nov. 
(Type  Richardsoniiis  scmutilus  Jordan 
and  Starks) 177 

Moroco  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gon.  nov. 
(Type  Pseudaspiu.s  licrgi  Joi'dan  and 
Metz) 180 

Moroco  ijdiiKuiKilix  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  s]). 

nov 182 

Kdwno  o.srfA^'cr  Jordan  and  Kasawa.  si),  nov. 


Family  GADID.E: 
Family  SCOIMBRID.E: 
Family  CYBRID^: 

Family  GEIMPYLID.E: 
Family  BRAMID.E: 

Family  CARANGID.E: 

Family  THUNNID.E: 
Family  CENTROLOPHID.E: 


PI.  IX,  fifv.  1 ] 


)/ 


Myctophiim  hollaudi  Jordan  and  Jordan,  sp. 

nov.    PI.  I,  fig.  2 11 

Lamprossa  Joidan  antl   IIui)lis,  gen.   nov. 

(Type  Duipluts  antc<>rh}t(dis  Clilbei't).  .  156 
Pantophos  Jordan   and    Hubl^s,   gen.    nov. 

(Type  Diaphus  glanduUfer  Gilbert)  15G-157 
Physicidus  grinncJU  Jordan  and  Jordan,  s]). 

nov.    PL  I,  fig.  3 22 

Pneurnatophorus  pcruanus  Jordan   and 

Hubbs,  sp.  nov 211 

Sawara    Jordan    and    Hubl)s,    gen.     nov. 

(Type  Cybiiun  itiplidniuin  ( 'uviei-  and 

Valenciennes 214 

Ruvettus  pacificus  Jordan  and  Joidan,  sp. 

nov 24 

Eumegistus  Jordan  and  Jordan,  gen.  nov. 

(Type  Eumegistus  illustris  Jordan  and 

Jordan,  sp.  nov.    PL  II,  fig.  7 35-30 

Atule  Jordan  and  Jordan,  gen.  nov.     (Type 

Caranx  affinis  Ruppell) 38 

Caranx  jordani  sp.  nov.,  (Nichols  MS)..  .  .  40 
Kishinoella  Jordan  and  Hul)bs,  gen.  nov. 

(Type  Thunnus  varus  Kisliinouye) ....  219 
Ocycrius    Jordan    and    Hubbs,    gen.    nov. 

(Type    Centrolophus  jdponirus   l^ckler- 

lein) 229 


XIV  MEMOIRS  OF    rilK  CARXKGIK  MIISEUM. 

Fniiiily  AI'()(  lOdOXID.E:  Scepterias  .Ionian   and  Jordan,   gon.   nov. 

(Tyix'   Scaptcrias  frdc/ih's   Joi'dan    and 

Jordan,  sj).  nov.    PI.  II,  fig.  2) 44-45 

Family  ()LI(i()RIIXE:  .]JaliiL-iclithi/.s  »7//,///(f' Jordan  and  Ilublxs,  sp. 

nov.    PI.  X,  fig.  2 233 

Family  P1']MPHERIDj-E:  Liopcmphcris  sasakii  .lordaii   and    Hubb.s, 

s]).  nov.    PL  X,  fig.  1 228 

Family  CH^TODONTID.E:         Tifia  Joidan,  gen.  nov.     (Type   CImlodon 

rordllicold  Snyder) 00 

Loa  Jordan,  gen.  nov.,  since  changed  to  Roa 
Jordan      (C'opeia,      May      20,      1923, 

p.  (i3) Gland  252 

Centropyge  tutinkv  Jordan  and  .loixlan,  sp. 

nov.,    PI.  ITT,  fig.  2 02 

Ccutropyge  pottcri  (Joi'dan  and  Metz),  fig'd 

PI.  IIT,  fig.  1 62 

Family  SCORP.EXID.E:  Sebastocles    Jordan    and    Hubb.s,    subgen. 

nov.       (Type    Sebastcs   clegans   Stein- 

dacluier) 200 

Scbastodes  (Sebd^itovuinus)  thuntpaoni  Jordan 

and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov 205 

Bracliinis  IwUuh  Joixlan  and  Hubbs.  sp.  nov. 

PI.  X,  fig.  3 274 

Family  PLATYCEPHALID.E:      Wakiyus    .loidan    and    Hubbs,    gen.    nov. 

(Type  Pl(ttyc('phalu!<  crocodilus  Tilcsiiis)  280 
Ratabulus  Jordan   and   Hubbs,   gen.    nov. 
(Type      Thy.sdiiophnjs      mcyacephalus 

Tanaka 286 

Family  AGOXID^E:  Occella    Jordan     and    Hubbs,     gen.     nov. 

(TyjH'  Agattus  dodccaedwn  Tilesius.  ...  291 
Iburiella  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 
(Type  Ihurivlbt  kasdircr  Joi'dan  and 
Hubbs,  sp.  nov.  PI.  XI,  fig.  1)  290-291 
Iburina  Jordan  and  Hul)bs,  gen.  nov. 
(Type  Occa  iburia  Jordan  and 
Starks) 290-291 


MKMOIUS  OF  THE  CARNECIE  MISKIM.  XV 

Family  ELEOTRID.E:  Encaeura    .loidaii    and    Iluhlis,    ^cn.    imv. 

(Type     Enca'ura    evidcs    Joidaii    and 

Hnl)hs,  s]).  imv.     PI.  XI,  fi.«i.  4) IMi 

Family  C.OBIOIDID.E:  Tivnioidcs  fOiijdcri,  Joi'daii  and  Iluhhs,  sj). 

nov 310 

Family  LABRID.E:  Hinalea    Joi'daii    and    Joidan.    ucii.    unv. 

(Type      Juli.s      (txillaris      (^uoy      and 

(iaimard) G'J 

Family  (*AI>LI()XYMID.E:  C(dlii(ri(idh!j.s  asin'nius  Jni-dan  and  Joi'dan. 

sp.  nov.     PI.  IV.  fi.ti.  1 SO 

CidliHn'cldlnjs  zaiirctcs  Jordan  and  .loi'dan. 

sp.  nov.    PI.  IV,  fi,t>-.  2 SI 

Family  ITiAXOSCOPID.E:  Zalescopus  Jordan  and   Ilubhs,   ^en.   nov. 

(Type     Zaicscnpus    /o.s-rr    Jordan    and 

Hubbs,  sp.  nov.     PI.  XI,  fig.  3) 312 

Zdlcscopus  sid.'iUHuc  Jortlan  and  Ilubljs,  sp. 

nov 313 

Family  BLEXXTD.E:  Dasson    Joidan    and    Hubl)s,    si'eii.     nov. 

(Type  Aspiddidus  trDssidu-s  Joi'dan  and 

Snyder) 31S 

Oncesthes   Jordan   and    Hubbs,   gen.  nov. 

(Type  Peti'dscirtcs  fhicfiinus  Wel.)eiO  .  -  31!) 
Family  OSTRACTID.E:  Triorus    Jordan    and    Hul)l)s,    gen.    nov. 

(Type    La(d()])hnjs    irilmpis    Snyder  = 

(htracioii  stcUifcr  Blocli) 2.j() 

Family  Sf)AH( 'ID. !•]:  Zestichthys  Jordan  and   Hubbs,  gen.   nov. 

(Tyj)e   Zcsiicldhi/s  taitukti  Jordan  and 

Hul)l)s,  sp.  nov.    PL  XII,  fig.  1) 321 

AUolepis    Joidan    and    Hubbs,    gen.    nov. 

i,Ty})e     AU(d(j)is     lidllnndi     sp.     nov. 

PI.  XII,  fig.  2) 322  323 

Family  BPiOTl'LID.E:  MunumUopus  kuiiKr  Jordan  and  IIul)l)s,  sp. 

nov.    PI.  XII.  fig.  3) 324 

Family  C'OKYPILEXOIDID.E:     Caiorlnjitclni^i   giUxrtl  Jordan    and    Hul:)l)s, 

sp.  nov 327 


ERRATA,  CORRIGENDA,  AND  SUPPLEMENTARY  NOTES. 

P.  30,  for  "TETRAPTERUS  Agassiz"  ivad  "TETRAPTURUS  Rafinewiue." 

P.  39,  NOTE:  "The  Ulna  should  perluips  stand  as  Caranx  bixanthopterus  Rlip- 
pell  until  Caranx  melamjiygus  is  certainly  identified."  D.  S. 
Jordan. 

P.  40,  NOTE:  "The  species  ('(ininx  giKira  and  C.  clieiUo  belong  to  an  unnamed 
subgenus,  the  name  tScleuid  being  preoccu])ied.  In  Urmipia  the 
strong  spines  on  the  tail  are  turned  forward."    D.  S.  Joi-dan. 

P.  4G,  NOTE:  "The  genus /?/i//aa(/(//(/«.s' is  apiwrently  not  distinct  fvom  Sijniphy- 
sanodon  Bleeker,  well  figured  but  wrongly  placed.  ,S.  nirlsinitlu 
is  apparently  distinct  from  S.  tijpus."    D.  S.  Jordan. 

P.  107,  Footnote  13:    Delete  the  period  after  "Natal". 

P.  Ill,  Lines  18  and  19  from  top:    for  "paratyjie"  and  "])aratypes"  read  specimen 

and  specimens. 
P.  114,  Line  3  from  to]K    Delete  the  "2"  near  end  of  line. 
P.  150,  Line  25  from  top:    for  "4-3"  read  4  +  3. 
P.  157,  Line  21  fi-om  top:    in.sert  the  word  "oiiental"  between  the  woi'ds  didij  and 

species. 
P.  161,  Through  an  unfortunate  oversight    Hemiiiraiiunocypris  nisbnrelld  ai)pears 

twice,  once  on  page  161  and  again  on  page  189. 
P.  168,   18th  line  from  top:    for  "2.7"  read  2,7. 
19th  line  from  top:    for  "2.6"  read  2,6. 
P.  169,  Line  25  from  top:    for  "enijiujtr  I'ead  hclcrulepis. 

Bottom  line:    for  "line"  read  limb. 
P.  170,  5th  line  from  to]):    for  "2.7"  read  2,7:  for  "2.6"  read  2,6. 
P.  171,  3d  line  from  top:    for  "2.7"  read  2,7. 
P.  179,  First  line:    for  "Awaya"  read  Iwate  {Airai). 
P.  182,   nth  line  from  top:    for  "three"  read /our. 
P.  191,  2d  line  from  bottom:   for  "pigmented"  read  pigment. 
P.  192,   1st  Une:    for  "pigmented"  read  pigment. 
P.  192,  Under  ee  5th  line:   for  "its  posterior"  read  posteriorly. 
P.  200,  21st  line  from  top:   i)lace  comma  after  "land"  and  transpose  "G.  loricatus," 

to  fall  between  the  words  "land"  and  the  word  "and." 

xvi 


MKMOIKS  OF  THE  CARXEGIE  MUSEUM.  XVU 

P.  201,  At  line  22:    Alter  the  sentence  to  read  as  follows: 

The  fully  armed  form  of  the  Western  Atlantic  (the  "biactdcdlus"  of 
most  authors)  is  scarcely  different  from  typical  (tctdcdfu-';.  though  it 
shows  on  the  average  an  approach  towaixl  its  partially  i)lated  fi'esh- 
water  derivative  {cuvieri),  which  has  a  relatively  slender  body  and 
long  spines. 

P.  202,  8th  line  from  bottom:    for  " Pungitius"  read  pungiliun. 

P.  208,   17th  line  from  top:    for  "37  or  41"  read  37  to  41. 

P.  213.  3d  hne  from  top:    for  '•Thyrsion"  read  Thyrsio. 

P.  226,   13th  Hne  from  top:    for  "12-15"  read  12+15. 

P.  227,   nth  Une  from  l>ottom:    for  "VL  H"  read  VI.  11. 

P.  231,  8th  line  from  bottom:   for  "J.  hoops''  read  S.  hoops. 

P.  243,   12th  hne  from  toj):    for  ■"Shisuoka"  read  Shizuoka. 

P.  253,   15tli  line  from  top:    in.sei't  "spots,"  after  "five"  at  end  of  line. 

P.  256,  19th  hne  from  toj):   for  ''Tetrasonms'  read  TctnisoiHU-s. 

P.  258,  3d  line  from  bottom:    insert  "by"  before  "Abbott." 

P.  259,   15th  Hne  from  top:   insert  vermicularis  aftei-  "Sphoeroides." 

P.  284,  5th  hne  from  bottom:    foi-  "raker"  read  rakers. 

P.  285,   10th  line  from  bottom:   ti-anspo.se  "(Oiugociina\  suhfotn.  nov.)"  to  9th  Hne, 

after  "c." 
P.  286.   ISth  line  from  top:    for  "infra"  read  inJniorliiUil. 
P.  290,   11th  line  from  bottom:    for  "Ocella"  read  Occdht. 
P.  298,  7th  Hne  from  toj):     for  '' Cleisthenes  pinetorunt  .Jordan  and  Starks"  lead 

Cleisthenes  herzensteini  (Schmidt). 
P.  307,  5th  Hne  from  bottom:    for  "castanaea"  read  castanea. 


MEMOIRS 


OF  THE 


CAKIsTEGIE  MUSEUM 


Voh.  X.  Xo.  ]. 

A  LIST  OF  THE   FISHES   OF  HAWAII,   WITH   XOTES  AXD 
DESCRIPTIOXS   OF  XEW   SPECIES. 

By  David  Starr  Jordan  axd  Eric  Knight  Jordan. 

(Plates  I-IV). 

The  senior  author  of  this  paper  spent  most  of  the  month  of  August,  1921,  at 
Honolulu  in  attendance  upon  the  Pan-Pacific  Educational  Conference.  While 
there,  he  gave  all  available  time  to  making  collections  of  fishes,  having  the  efficient 
assistance  of  Mr.  Fordyce  Grinnell,  Jr.,  a  former  student  of  his,  who  visited  the 
markets  daily.  The  collections  made  have  been  distributed  among  a  number  of 
museums.  The  Carangidw  have  been  sent  to  the  American  Museum  of  Xatural 
Histoiy  in  Xew  York  to  be  used  in  a  monograph  of  that  group  by  Mr.  John  Tread- 
well  Xichols;  the  tApes  of  new  s])ecies  have  been  sent  to  the  Carnegie  JNIuseum  in 
Pittsburgh;  and  series  of  other  species,  more  or  less  complete,  to  the  American 
Museum  of  Xatural  Histoiy,  the  Carnegie  Museum,  the  Southwestern  Museum 
at  Los  Angeles,  and  to  the  I'niversities  of  Michigan  and  of  Iowa. 

In  addition  to  notes  on  new  and  rare  forms  we  have  giATn  a  complete  list  of 
the  species  thus  far  kno-\\ii  from  Hawaii,  the  whole  ser\'ing  as  a  revision  of  the  two 
memoirs  on  the  Aquatic  Resources  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  pul^lishcd  bj'  the 
United  States  Fish  Commission  in  1905,  the  fu-st  l)y  David  Starr  Jordan  and 
Barton  Warren  Evermann  on  the  survey  of  the  shore-fishes  made  in  1901;*  the 
other  by  Charles  Henry  Gilbert  on  the  deep-sea  forms  taken  by  the  "Albatross" 
in  1902.1 

*Bull.  U.  S.  Fish  Corniii.,  1903  (190.J),  Vol.  XXIII,  Pt.  I,  pp.  l-r,7l. 
\  Ibidem,  Pt.  II,  pp.  .575-713. 


I  MEMOIRS    OF    THE    CARXEGIE    MUSEUM. 

In  tho  memoir  hy  Jordan  and  Evermann  will  l)e  found  an  account  of  the 
earlier  ex})loration.s  of  the  island^^,  as  well  as  a  detailed  statement  of  the  character 
of  the  fish-fauna  and  its  relation  to  that  of  the  South  Seas. 

Descriptions  of  species,  notes  on  habits,  and  references  to  s^^^onymy.  where 
accurately  given  by  Jordan  and  Evermann  or  by  Cilbert,  are  in  general  not  repeated 
in  the  following  paper.  The  student  who  is  using  the  present  list  is  presumed  to 
have  the  other  two  lists  at  hand,  and  references  to  their  pages  are  given  throughout 
this  list. 

The  ])rincipal  articles  upon  the  Hawaiian  fish-fauna,  published  since  the  two 
aboA'c-named  papers  appeared,  are  the  following: 

1.  Jordan  (David  Starr)  and  Seale  (Alvin) — ''The  Fishes  of  Samoa,  with  a  Check- 

list of  the  Fishes  of  Oceania,''  published  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Fish- 
eries, 1906. 

2.  Bryan  (William  Alanson) — ''Three  Xew  Haieaiian  Fishes."     Occasional  Papers 

of  the  Bernice  Pauahi  Bishop  INJuseum,  II,  1906. 

3.  Jordan  and  Snyder  (John  Otterbein) — ''Notes  on   Fishes  of  Hairaii,  icith  De- 

scriptions of  New  Species."     Bulletin  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Fisheries 
for  1906  (1907). 

4.  Gilbert  (Charles  Henry) — "TJte  Lantern-fishes."     ^Memoirs  Museum  Compara- 

tive Zoology,  XXVI,  1908." 

5.  Jordan  and  Dickerson  (Mary  C^Tithia) — "On  a  Collection  of  Fishes  from  Fiji, 

icith  Notes  on  Certain  Hairaiian  Fishes."     Proceedings  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
•  seum,  XXXIV,  1908. 

6.  Jordan  and  Metz   (Charles  William) — "Descriptions  of  Tiro    New  Species  of 

Fishes  from    Honolulu,    Hawaii."     Proceedings    U.    S.    National    Aluseiun, 
XLII,  1912. 

7.  Jordan  (David  Starr) — "Description  of  Deep-sea  Fishes  from  the  Coast  of  Hawaii 

Killed  by  a  Lava-flow  from  Manna  Loa."     Proceedings  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum, LIX,  1921.  '  . 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FI8HES    OF    HAAVAII.  6 

THE    FISHES    OF    HAWAH. 
Class   LEPTOCARDII. 
Order   CIRROSTOMI. 

Family  L     BRAXCHIOSTO^HD.E    (The   Lancelets). 
Amphioxides  Gill. 

1.  Amphioxides  pelagicus  (CTimther).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  33.) 

Pelagic.  This  diminutive  lancelet.  supposed  to  be  distinguished  l)y  the 
absence,  of  buccal  cirri  and  by  its  pelagic  habit,  is  now  regarded  as  a  larval  form. 
The  supposed  genus  is  nearer  Bronchiosfomn  than  Epigonichthys  (Asyinmetron), 
the  only  other  genus  of  this  family  as  yet  found  in  the  open  Pacific. 

Class   ELASMOBRANCHII. 
Order   ASTEROSPONDYLI. 

Family   II.     SCYLLIORHIXID.E. 
Apristukus  Garman. 

2.  Apristurus  spongiceps  (Gilbert).     (Gilbert,  p.  579.) 

Deep  seas.  This  sjiecies  is  referred  by  Garman  to  Pristiurus,  which  genus  is 
characterized  by  a  row  of  prickly  scutes  along  the  upper  side  of  the  tail.  These 
are  not  present  in  Gilbert's  type,  though  perhaps  they  may  have  been  lost  in  the 
di'edge.  A  cast  in  the  Bishop  Aluseum  may  belong  to  this  species.  Color  plain 
light  brown;  dorsal  fins  small,  subequal,  the  first  slightly  in  advance  of  ventrals. 
The  name  Catulus  is  preoccupied  in  the  Insecta. 

Family   III.     GALEORHIXID.E. 

( CarcharhinidcE  of  authors.) 

Galeorhinus  Blainville. 

{Eugaleus  Gill.) 

Amid  the  uncertainties  regarding  the  application  of  the  generic  names  Galeus 
Rafinescjue  and  Carchariua  Cuvier,  we  here  follow  the  decision  of  the  Interna- 
tional Commission  of  Nomenclature. 

3.  Galeorhinus  japonicus  (Mliller  and  Henle).     (J.   &  E..  p.  36.) 

Recorded  from  Laysan  by  Steindachner.     Not  rare  in  .lapan. 


4  MEMOIRS   OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Galeocerdo  Miiller  and  Henle. 

4.  Galeocerdo  tigrinus  Aliiller  and  Honle.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  36.) 

Rare.     Taken  once  in  Honolulu. 

Prioxace  Cantor. 
{Prionodon  Aliiller  and  Hcnlc.  preoccui)icd;   Cynocephalus  (Ivlein)  Gill.) 

5.  Prionace  glauca  (Linnseus).     (J.   k  E.,  p.  37.) 

Occasional  in  Japan.  A  east  in  the  Bishop  Museum  shows  the  pectoral  fin 
rather  longer  than  in  the  Atlantic  P.  glauca.  A  specimen  taken  by  the  "Albatross" 
agrees  with  this,  the  pectoral  being  4.5  in  total  length,  instead  of  6.25. 

Carcharinus  Blainville. 
(Enlamia  Gill.) 

6.  Carcharinus  melanopterus  (Quoy  and  (Jaimard).     Mano.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  38.) 

A  fine  cast  of  this  common  species  is  in  the  Bishop  Museum. 

7.  Carcharinus  phorcys  (Jordan  and  Evermann).     (J.  &  E.,  p.  39.) 

Occasional  about  Hawaii.  « 

8.  Carcharinus  insularum  (Snyder).     (J.  &:  E.,  p.  40.) 

Rather  rare. 

9.  Carcharinus  nesiotes  (Snyder).     (J.  &  E.,  ]x  40.) 

Common  al)out  Hawaii. 

Famil}-  l\.     SPHYRNID^E   (Hammer-head   Sharks). 
Sphyrna  Rafinesque. 

10.  Sphyrna  zygaena  (Linnseus).     Mano  kihikihi.     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  41.) 

The  common  "Hammer-head"  needs  comparison  with  its  fellows  in  the 
Atlantic. 

Family  ^\     ALOPHD.E    (Thresher-sharks). 

Alopias  Rafinesque. 

11.  Alopias  vulpes  (Gmehn).     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  42.) 
Not  connnon. 

Family   VI.     LAMNIDtE   (Mackerei-sharks). 

IsuROPSis  Gill. 

12.  Isuropsis  glauca  (Miiller  and  Henle).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  43.) 

Not  rare.  This  shark,  with  others,  needs  comparison  with  Atlantic  repre- 
sentatives. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN':    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  O 

Carcharodox  Miillor  and  HeiJe  (Man-eaters,  or  (ireat   White  Sharks). 

13.  Carcharodon  carcharias  (  Linmeus).      Niiihi. 
Probably  not  rare. 

Family  YU.     SQUALID.E   (Dog-fishes). 

Squalt's  Linnimis. 

{Acanthias  Risso.) 

14.  Squalus  mitsikurii  Jordan  and  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  45:  O.,  p.  o80.) 
Xot  rare.     A  common  Japanese  species. 

Etmoptert^s  Rafinesque. 
(Spinax  Cuvier.) 

15.  Etmopterus  villosus  Gilbert.     (G..  p.  580.) 

Deep  seas.     Taken  off  IMolokai  by  the  "Albatross." 

Centroscyllium  jNIiiller  and  Henle. 

16.  Centroscyllium  ruscosum  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  580.) 

Deep  seas.     Taken  off  Kauai  by  the  "Albatross";  identified  by  Garman  witli 
C.  nigrum  Garman  from  off  the  Galapagos. 

Order   BATOIDEI. 

Family  Mil.     DASYATID.E   (Sting-rays). 

Dasyatis  Rafinesque. 

{Trygon  Adamson;  Dasibatus  Garman,  corrected  spelling.) 

17.  Dasyatis  sclera  Jenkins.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  47.) 
Rather  common  at  Honolulu. 

18.  Dasyatis  lata  (Garman).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  47.) 
One  specimen  known. 

19.  Dasyatis  hawaiiensis  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  48.) 
Only  the  tjiDe  known. 

Family   IX.     AIYLIOBATID.E. 

Aetobatus  Blainville,  as  revised  by  Chiller  and  Henle. 

(Stoasodon  Cantor;  G<miobatis  Agassiz.) 

20.  Aetobatus  narinari  (Euphrasen)  Hihimdnu.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  49.) 

This  species,  rather  common  in  Hawaii,  seems  indistinguishable  from  the 
Atlantic  form. 


6  .        MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Family   X.     MOBULID.E   (Devil-rays). 

MoBULA  Rafinesque. 

(Ccphcdoplcrus  Dumeril,  name  preoccupied.) 

21.  Mobula  japonica  (Miiller  and  Henle).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  50.) 

Class   HOLOCEPHALI. 

Order   CHIMiEROIDEI. 

Family  XT.     CHIM.ERID.E. 

('HIM.ERA  Linnaeus. 

22.  Chimaera  purpurescens  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  582.) 
Deep  seas.     Dredged  off  Kauai. 

Class   PISCES. 

Order   ISOSPONDYLI. 

Family   XII.     ELOPID.E   (Ten-pounders). 

Flops  Linnaeus. 

23.  Elops  hawaiiensis  Regan.     Awa.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  53.) 

Regan  has  shown  that  Elops  saurus  Linmeus,  the  common  "Tenpounder"  of 
the  western  Atlantic,  is  not  really  cosmo])olitan,  as  supposed,  but  must  be  separated 
into  several  closely  related  species,  of  which  the  abundant  Hawaiian  form  is  one. 

Family  XIII.     ALBULID.E    (Lady-fishes).    ' 
Albula  (Gronow)  Scopoli. 
(Butyrinus  Lacepede.) 

24.  Albula  virgata  sp.  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan.     O'w.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  55.)     (PI.  I, 

fig.  1.) 

T}q:)e  No.  3896,  Garncgie  Museum,  from  Honolulu.     15.75  inches  long. 

The  common  Ov)  of  the  markets  of  Hawaii  differs  markedly  in  color  from 
Albula  vulpes  of  the  American  coasts,  as  well  as  from  all  of  the  nominal  species  of 
the  genus  hitherto  described.  All  of  these  are  brilliantly  silveiy,  with  only  vague 
dark  lines  or  stripes.  The  Hawaiian  fish  is  dusky,  marked  with  distinct  strijies 
much  like  the  markings  on  a  Striped  Mullet  [Mugil  Ccphalus). 

Head  3.33  in  length;  depth  4.33;  dorsal  rays  16;  anal  rays  8;  scales  9-72-7; 
body  elongate,  moderately  compressed;  upper  lobe  of  caudal  somewhat  the  longer; 


JORDAX    AND    JORDAX:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  / 

a  broad  band  of  elongate,  membranaceous  scales  .along  middle  line  of  back ;  acces- 
sory ventral  scale  large. 

Color  dusky  olive,  sihery  below;  a  series  of  dark  stripes  extending  lengthwise 
of  the  body,  these  mainly  Itetween  the  rows" of  scales,  those  below  the  lateral  line 
fainter;  dark  lines  above  lateral  line:  below  the  lateral  line  the  stripes  composed 
of  stipi)lings  of  black  dots:  tij)  of  snout  black  in  color,  forming  a  broken  ring;  a 
little  black  around  nostrils;  some  faint  dark  blotches  on  head;  all  the  fins  finely 
dotted;  dorsal  and  caudal  narrowly  rimmed  with  black. 

A'ery  common  about  Honolulu  and  Hilo,  mostly  inside  the  reefs. 

The  genus  Albida  is  widely  distributed  in  most  warm  seas,  only  the  Mediter- 
ranean being  excepted.  \'alenciennes  recognizes  several  distinct  species,  but  all 
recent  writers  have  regarded  all  the  forms  as  belonging  to  .one  .species,  no  tangible 
differences  in  form,  scales,  or  fins  being  evident.  However,  specimens  from  both 
coasts  of  America  are  brilliantly  silvery  without  dark  spots,  and  all  the  nominal 
species  from  the  Red  Sea,  the  East  Indies,  and  the  South  Seas  are  also  described 
as  bright  silvery.  On  the  contrary  all  Hawaiian  examples  are  dusky,  with  strong 
stripes  along  the  sides. 

Family   XIV.     CHAXID.E. 

Chaxos  Lacepede. 
2.5.  Chanos  chanos  (Forskal).     Aiva-awa,  Awakalamoku,  Punwa.     (J.  &E..p..56.) 
\'alenciennes  has  indicated  this  common  Hawaiian  species  under  the  name 
Chanos  cyprindla,  but  we  know  of  no  characters  to  separate  it  from  ('.  clianos  of 
the  Red  Sea. 

Family   XA'.     DUSSU:\IIERnD,E   (Round   Herrings). 

Etrumel's  Bleeker. 
26.  Etrumeus  micropus  Temminckand  Schlegel).  Makiawa.  (J.  &  E.,  p.  58.) 
We  have  been  unable  to  separate  this  species,  which  is  not  \'ery  common  in 
Hawaii,  from  its  fellow  in  .Jajian.  The  C'alifornian  species,  Etrumeus  othonops 
(R.  S.  Eigenmann),  taken  but  once,  and  referred  to  a  different  genus,  Perkinsia, 
may  be  diflferent.  It  is  a  singular  fact  that  none  of  the  true  herrings,  Clupeidce, 
occur  about  Hawaii. 


8  MEMOIRS   OF   THE    CARNEHIE    MUSEIJM. 

Family  XVI.     ENGRAULID.E   (Anchovies). 

Stolephorus  Lacepede. 

(Anchoviella  Fowler.) 

I  have  given  elsewhere  ("Genera  of  Fishes,"  p.  169)  my  reason  for  following 

Bleeker  in  the  application  of  the  name  Stolephorus  to  an  Anchovy  (Anchoviella) 

rather  than  to  a  Round  Herring  (Spratelloides) .     The  genus  Anchovia  Jordan 

and  Evermann  is  distinc^t  from  Stolephorus,  which  includes  most  of  the  tropical 

ancho\'ies. 

27.  Stolephorus  purpureas  Fowler.     Neha.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  60.) 
A  common  little  fish  used  as  bait. 

Family  XVII.     STOMATID.E. 

Leptostomias  Gilbert. 

28.  Leptostomias  macronema  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  607.) 

Deep  sea,  off  Niihau. 

Family   XVIII.     ASTRONESTHID.E. 

AsTRONESTHES  Richardson. 

29.  Astronesthes  lucifer  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  605.) 

Deep  sea  off  Kauai. 

Family   XIX..   GONOSTOMID.^. 

Cyclothone  Goode  and  Bean. 

30.  Cyclothone  rhodadenia  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  602.) 
Dee])  sea,  Kai\\i  Channel. 

31.  Cyclothone  canina  Gilbert.     ((J.,  p.  604.) 
Deep  sea  off  Kauai. 

32.  Cyclothone  atraria  (iilbert.     (G.,  p.  605.) 
Deep  sea  off  Kauai. 

Family   XX.     MAUROLICID^. 

Argyripnus  Gilbert  and  Cramer. 

33.  Argyripnus  ephippiatus  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  601.) 


JORDAN    AND   JORDAN:    FISHES   OF   HAWAII.  9 

ViNCiGUERRiA  Jordan  and  Evennann. 
{Zalarges  Jordan  and  Williams,  Proc.  Gal.  Ac.  Sci.,  l<S9o,  p.  793.) 

34.  Vinciguerria  nimbaria  (Jordan  and  Williams). 

Pelagic.     Northeast  of  Hawaii. 

Family  XXI.     STERNOPTYCIIID.E. 

Sternoptix^  Hermann. 

35.  Sternoptix  diaphana  Hermann.     (G.,  p.  G09.) 
Deep  seas.     Widely  distributed. 

Polyipnus  Giinther. 

36.  Polyipnus  nuttingi  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  609.) 

Deep  sea. 

Argyropelecus  Gocco. 

37.  Argyropelecus  heathi  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  601.) 

Deep  sea.     Kauai  Ghannel. 

DiPLOPHOS  Giinther. 
3S.  Diplophos  pacificus  Giinther. 
Deep  sea,  mid  Pacific. 

Family  XXII.     HALOSAURID/E. 

Aldrovandia^  Goode  and  Bean.     (1895.) 

(Halosauropsis  CoUett,  1896.) 

39.  Aldrovandia  kauaiensis  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  611.) 

Deep  sea  off  Kauai. 

40.  Aldrovandia  verticalis  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  611.) 

Deep  sea  off  Kauai. 

41.  Aldrovandia  proboscidea  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  612.) 

Oahu  and  ^lolokai. 

Family  XXIII.     SYNODONTID.E   (Lizard-fishes). 
Trachinocephalus  Gill. 

42.  Trachinocephalus  limbatus  Eydoux  and  Souleyet.      Kawelea,  Welea.     (J.    & 

E.,  p.  62.J 

This  fish,  generally  common  in  the  Pacific,  rerfuircs  to  bo  compared  with 
Trachinocephalus  myops  of  the  Atlantic. 

'  Usually  corrected  to  Slernoplyx. 

'  The  name  Aldrovandia  apparently  lias  priority  over  Hulusuuropsis. 


10     .  MEMOIHS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Synodtts  (Gronow)  Sco]mli. 
(Scnirus  Cuvier.) 

43.  Synodus  varius  (Lacepede).     I'lae.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  63.) 
^'ery  comraon  in  shallow  water.     The  (^olor  is  very  variable. 

44.  Synodus  kaianus  ((Kill tlier).     ((!.,]).  588. ) 

Deep  sea.     Taken  by  the  "Albatross"  off  Maui. 

Saurida  CAivier  and  Valenciennes. 

45.  Saurida  gracilis  (Quoy  and  Gaimard).     Ulae.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  65;   G.,  p.  589.) 
Common  over  coral  sand. 

Family   XXIY.     GHLOROPHTHALAIID.E. 

("hlorophthalmus  Bonaparte. 

46.  Chlorophthalmus  proridens  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  66;  G.,  p.  589.) 
Deep  sea.     Common. 

Family   XX\.     BATHYPTEROID^. 

Bathypterois  Gimther. 

47.  Bathypterois  antennatus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  590.) 
Taken  by  the  "Albatross"  off  Kauai. 

Family   XX\T.     PARALEPIDID.E. 
Lestidium  Gilbert. 

48.  Lestidium  nudum  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  607.) 

Deej)  sea,  off  Molokai. 

Family   XXVIL     IMYCTOPHID.E. 

Neoscopelus  Johnson. 

49.  Neoscopelus  macrolepidotus  Johnson.     (G.,  p.  601.) 

A^eoscopeluf<  (dcocki  Jordan  and  Starks. 

Pelagic,  widely  distributed.  According  to  Gilbert  Japanese  and  Hawaiian 
specimens  are  wholly  identical  with  the  original  Atlantic  form,  Neoscopelus  macro- 
lepidotus Johnson,  from  ^Madeira. 

Dasyscopelus  Gunther. 

50.  Dasyscopelus  pristilepis  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  600.) 
Pelagic,  Hawaii  to  Alarquesas. 


JORDAN    AXD    JORDAX :    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  11 

51.  Dasyscopelus  spinosus  fSteindachncr).     (G.,  p.  599.) 
Pelagic,  Hawaii  and  southeast. 

Rhixoscopelus  Liitkon. 

52.  Rhinoscopelus  tenuiculus  Garman. 

Pelagic,  open  sea.s,  southeast  of  Hawaii. 

♦ 
^Iyctophum  Rafinesque. 

53.  Myctophum  fibulatum  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  596.) 
Pelagic,  Pailolo  Channel  between  Maui  and  Molokai. 

54.  Myctophum  affine  (Llitken).     (G.,  j).  59(3.) 
Myctophum  nitididum  Garman. 
Myctophum  margaritatum  Gilbert. 
Rhinoscopelus  oceanicus  Jordan  and  Evermann. 
Pelagic,  widely  diffused. 

55.  Myctophum  evermanni  Ciilbert.     (G.,  p.  597.)  • 
Pelagic,  Hawaii  to  Marquesas. 

56.  Myctophum  reinhardti  Brauer.     (G.,  p.  598.) 
Myctophum  hraueri  Gilbert,  nan  Lonnberg. 
Myctophum  liietkeni  Gilbert  (on  plate). 
Pelagic,  widely  diffused  throughout  the  tropics. 

57.  Myctophum  hoUandi  sp.  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan.     (PI.  I.  fig.  2.) 
Tjpe  No.  3897,  Carnegie  Museum.     From  Honolulu. 

Head  3.33  in  length;  depth  4.25;  eye  3  in  head;  snout  G;  maxiUary  1.5; 
dorsal  rays  1.12;  anal  rays  1.17;  scales  3-35-5;  thirty-four  photophores  on  each 
side.  Body  moderately  elongate,  deepest  at  the  occiput,  as  usual  in  this  group; 
eye  very  large;  snout  ^■ery  short;  mouth  large,  oblique;  jaws  even:  maxillary 
rather  broad,  extending  beyond  eye  nearly  to  margin  of  iireoperele.  Scales  rather 
large;   lateral  line  well  developed. 

Photophores  not  divided  by  cross-line;  using  the  nomenclature  of  Brauer's 
Tiefseefische,  p.  155,  they  are  arranged  as  follows: 

Pectoral  photophores  (maculcc  pectorales  PO)  five,  four  in  a  continuous  series, 
the  last  one  higher;  Svprapectornles  (PL.O)  one,  close  to  gill-opening  and  to  lateral 
hne;  Suhpectorales  (P^'0)  two,  one  near  lower  axil  of  pectoral,  the  other  a  little 
lower,  near  gill-opening;  Ventmles  (VO)  three,  in  a  right  line  between  ventrals  and 
vent;  Anales  (AO)  six,  six  in  a  right  line  with  a  vacant  space  equal  to  one  spot 
above  last  rays  of  anal;    Posierolaterales  (Pol)  one,  just  below  lateral  line  and  over 


12  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

space  in  anal  series;  Precaudales  (Pre)  one,  close  to  lateral  line  on  level  of  postero- 
lateral spot;  Su-prn-anales  (SAO)  three,  the  upjoer  close  to  lateral  line,  the  two 
below  out  of  line,  a  very  obtuse  angle  at  the  middle  one;  Supraventral  (VLO) 
wanting;  Opercular  (OP)  two,  close  on  edge  of  preopercle,  botli  below  upper  base 
of  i)ectoral;  Mandibular  (Brr)  three,  in  a  right  line;  Antorbital  (Antorb.)  none,  no 
suborbital  or  postorbital  spots. 

Dorsal  fin  high,  its  first  ray  equal  to  depth  of  body  below  it;  adij^ose  fin  small; 
caudal  deeply  forked,  its  lobes  1.4  in  head;  anal  fin  ratlier  long,  falcate,  its  edge 
concave,  its  longest  ray  five-sixths  height  of  dorsal,  1.8  in  head;  pectorals  very 
long,  reaching  anal,  as  long  as  head ;  ventrals  inserted  just  before  dorsal,  2.4  in  head. 

Color  blackish,  paler  below  the  luminous  spots  ringed  with  black. 

A  single  example,  4.25  inches  in  length,  was  found  in  good  condition  by  Wr. 
Grinnell  in  the  market  at  Honolulu,  perhaps  a  spewing  from  some  large  fish. 

The  species  is  related  to  Mydophum  hraueri  as  described  by  Gilbert  {Myc- 
tophum  reinhardti  Llitken)  but  has  the  anal  shorter  and  the  anal  photophores  fewer. 

According  to  Gilbert  (J he  Lantern-fishes,  Mem.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  XXVI, 
1908,  p.  219),  Myctophutn  reinhardti  Liitken  is  based  on  two  examples.  The  one 
figured  by  Liitken  with  foinieen  dorsal  I'ays  and  twentj'-four  anal  rays  is  regarded 
as  the  type.  This  is  from  the  tropical  Atlantic.  Gilbert  observes:  "Liitken's 
fin-counts  were  taken  from  the  second  specimen,  which  belongs  to  a  species  which 
remains  undescribed."     It  is  very  likely  identical  with  M.  hollandl. 

Centrobranchus  Fowler. 

58.  Centrobranchus  choerocephalus  Fowler.     (G.,  p.  594.) 
Pelagic,  widely  distributed. 

59.  Centrobranchus  gracilicaudus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  595.) 
Pelagic,  off  Niihau. 

DiAPHUS  Eigenmann  and  Eigenmann. 
GO.  Diaphus  urolampus  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  591.) 
Pelagic,  off  Kauai. 

61.  Diaphus  chrysorhynchus  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  592.) 
Pelagic,  off  Oahu  and  Molokai. 

62.  Diaphus  adenoniius  Gilbert.     ((!.,  p.  592.) 
Pelagic,  Kaiwi  Channel. 

Lampanyctus  Bonaparte. 

63.  Lampanyctus  omostigma  Gilbert. 
Pelagic,  southeast  of  Hawaii. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:   FISHES    OF   HAWAII.  13 

Nannobrachium  Giinther. 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Latnpanyctus  Bonaparte,  Xyctimaster  being 
distinguished  h}  not  having  enlarged  scales  along  the  lateral  line.  It  is  (Ustin- 
guished  from  N annohrachium  by  the  very  small  pectorals  of  the  latter. 

64.  Nannobrachium  nigrum  Giinther.     (G.,  p.  591.) 
Pelagic,  south  to  the  Philippines. 

65.  Nyctimaster  reinhardti  Jordan. 

(('/.  Proc.  U.  8.  X.  :\I.,  LIX,  1921,  p.  645,  fig.  2.) 

The  three  known  .specimen.s  of  this  species  were  killed  in  a  lava-flow  from 
Mauna  Loa  into  deep  water  off  the  southwestern  coast  of  Hawaii. 

Order  APODES    fEels). 

Family  XXVIII.     SYXAPHOBRAXGHID.E. 

Synaphobranchus  Johnson. 

66.  Synaphobranchus  brachysomus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  583.) 
Deep  sea. 

Family   XXIX.     LEPTOCEPHALID.E. 

{Congridoe.) 

Leptocephalus  (Gronow)  Scopoli. 

(Conger  Cuvier,  adult  form.) 

67.  Leptocephalus  marginatus  (Valenciennes).     Puhi  lilia.     (J.  &  E.,  ]).  76.) 

Common  in  crevices  of  lava-rock. 

68.  Leptocephalus  bowersi  (Jenkins).     (J.  &  E.,  p.  77.) 

Rather  common.  This  species  belongs  to  the  subgenus  Ariosoma  Swainson 
(Congrellus  Ogilb^')  characterized  by  the  feebler  organization  and  the  rather  more 
advanced  dorsal  fin  inserted  over  the  gill-opening.  As  in  Leptocephalus  (sens,  sir.), 
the  teeth  are  all  sharp. 

69.  Leptocephalus  aequoreus  (Gilbert  and  Cramer).     (G.,  p.  589;  J.  ct  E.,  p.  77.) 
Deep  sea. 

Veternio  Snyder. 

70.  Veternio  verrens  Snyder.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  79.) 

One  large  example  from  Honolulu. 

Promyllantor  Alcock. 

71.  Promyllantor  alcocki  GiHjcrt  and  Cramer.      (G.,  p.  584.) 
Deep  sea. 


14  MEMOIRS    OF    THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Family   XXX.     MUR.^NESOCID.E. 

Rhechias  Jordan. 

72.  Rhechias  armiger  Jordan. 

(Cf.  Jordan,  Proc.  II.  S.  N.  IVI.,  LTX,  1921,  p.  644,  fig.  1.) 
Off  the  southwestern  coast  of  Hawaii,  the  type  killed  in  deep  water  by  a  lava- 
flow  from  A  fauna  Loa. 

Family  XXXI.     NETTASTOMID/E   (Sorcerers). 
jNIetopomtctek  Gilbert. 

73.  Metopomycter  denticulatus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  585.) 
Dee])  sea,  off  Kauai. 

Family   XXXII.     NEMIGHTHYID.E    (Snipe-eels). 
Nematoprora  Gilbert. 

74.  Nematoprora  polygonifera  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  587.) 
Deep  sea,  off  Bird  Island. 

Serrivomer  Gill  and  Ryder. 

75.  Serrivomer  beani  Gill  and  Ryder.     (G.,  p.  586.) 
Deep  sea. 

Stemonidium  Gilbert. 

76.  Stemonidium  hypomelas  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  586.) 
Deep  sea,  off  Niihau. 

Family   XXXIII.     OPHICHTHYID.E   (Snake-eels). 
Sphagebranchus  Bloch. 

77.  Sphagebranchus  fiavicaudus  Snyder.     (J.   tt  E.,  p.  80;  G.,  p.  588.) 
Occasionally  taken. 

Leiuranus  Bleeker.  *  " 

(Stethopterus  Bleeker  has  linc-i:)riority,  but  later  Leiuranus  was  ])referred  by  the 
author.) 

78.  Leiuranus  semicinctus  (Lay  and  Bennett).     (J.    &  E.,  p.  81.) 

Warm  parts  of  the  Pacific.     Rare  about  Hawaii. 

MicRODONOPHis  Kaup. 

79.  Microdonophis  fowleri  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  82.) 
Rare,  but  three  specimens  known. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF   HAWAII.  •  15 

Jenkinsiella  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

80.  Jenkinsiella  macgregori  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E..  p.  82.) 
One  specimen  from  ]Maui. 

Brachysomophis  Kail]). 

81.  Brachysomophis  henshawi  Jordan  and  Snyder,     uj.   «k  K.,  p.  83.) 

One  large  specimen  from  Honolulu. 

INIyrichthys  Girard. 

82.  Myrichthys  stypurus  (Smith  and  Swain).     (J.   tt  E..  \\  84.) 
Johnston  Island,  one  example  known. 

83.  Myrichthys  magnificus  (Abbott).     (J.  &  E..  p.  84.) 
Not  seen  since  the  original  descrii)tion  was  written. 

Callechelys  Kauj). 

84.  Callechelys  luteus  Snyder.     (J.   &  E..  ]).  86.) 
One  large  example  from  Molokai. 

Family   XXXIV.     MORIXGUID.E. 
MoRiNGrA  Ciray. 
(Raitahoura  (iray  has   line-i:)riority,   but    Moringua    has  been   preferred   by 
revisers) . 

85.  Moringua  hawaiiensis  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  86.) 
One  example  from  Honolulu. 

Family   XXX^'.     MUR^EXID-E    i.Morays). 
AIuR.ENA  LinnsBUs. 

86.  Mursena  kailuae  Jordan  and  Evermann.      Puhi  l-ainhi:    Puhi  on.     (J.    &  E., 
p.  88.) 

The  two  nominal  species,  Mura'na  lompra  Jenkins  and  Munvna  kanila  Jenk- 
ins, seem  to  be  color  variations  of  this  highly  variable  species,  tlie  body  of  which 
is  broAATi,  marked  by  white  spots,  often  dark-ringed  and  of  various  sizes  and  foi-ms, 
usuallj'  largest  on  the  tail. 

Enchelynassa  Kaup. 

87.  Enchelynassa  canina  (Quoy  and  Gaimard).     (J.'  &  E.,  pp.  i)(),  !)1.) 

Enchelynassa  bleekeri  Kaup. 

Gymnpthorax  vinolenlus  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

A  very  large  Moray,  found  occasionally  about  Hawaii  and  Samoa. 


16  MEMOIRS   OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Gymnothorax  Bloch. 
{Lycodontis  McClelland.) 

88.  Gymnothorax  eurostus  (Abbott).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  92.) 
Hawaii,  not  seen  since  the  original  description. 

89.  Gymnothorax  laysanus  (Steindachner).     (J.  &  E.,  p.  93.) 
Not  rare  about  Honolulu. 

90.  Gymnothorax  meleagris  (Shaw).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  94.) 
South  Seas,  rare  al)out  Honolulu. 

91.  Gymnothorax  steindachneri  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  101.) 
Not  rare  about  Honolulu. 

92.  Gymnothorax  gracilicauda  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  94.) 
Rare ;  possibly  the  young  of  G.  deindachmri. 

93.  Gymnothorax  ercodes  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  95.)  \ 
One  known  from  Honolulu. 

94.  Gymnothorax  berndti  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  98.) 
Rare  about  Honolulu. 

95.  Gymnothorax  undulatus  (Lacepede).     Puki  lauinili.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  98.) 
The  commonest  Moray  about  Hawaii  and  especially  ferocious. 

96.  Gymnothorax  flavomarginatus  (Ruppell).     (J.  &  E.,  p.  99.) 
Rather  common. 

97.  Gymnothorax  thalassopterus  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  99.) 
Rare.     Perhaps  a  A-ariant  of  G.  flavomarginatus. 

98.  Gymnothorax  goldsboroughi  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  100.) 
One  specimen  known. 

99.  Gymnothorax  petelli  (Bleeker).     (J.  &  E.,  p.  100.) 

(Gymnothorax  Icucacme  Jenkins.) 
Rather  common  and  widely  diffused. 

100.  Gymnothorax  mucifer  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  97.) 
Honolulu,  one  example. 

101.  Gymnothorax  leucostictus  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  96.) 
Two  examples  from  Honolulu. 

102.  Gymnothorax  waialuae  Snyder.     (J.  &  E..  p.  97.) 
One  specimen  from  Waialua  Bay,  Oahu. 

103.  Gymnothorax  hilonis  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  102.) 
One  example  from  Hilo. 

104.  Gymnothorax  nuttingi  Snyder.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  103.) 
Only  one  example  kno\Mi. 


JOKDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES   OF   HAWAII.  17 

lOo.  Gymnothorax  pictus  (Alil).     PuJii  Lytpa^i.     (.].   &  I'].,  p.  103.) 
Common  and  variable,  widely  diffuscMl. 

106.  Gymnothorax  xanthostomus  Snyder.     (J.   <.%  E.,  p.  104.) 
Honolulu,  rare. 

EURYMYCTERA    Kaup. 

107.  Eurymyctera  acutirostris  (Abbott).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  105.) 

Not  seen  since  the  original  discoveiy;  the  species  has  been  redescribed  and 
figured  l^y  Fowler. 

Echidna  FoTster. 

108.  Echidna  zebra  (Shaw).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  106.) 
Scarce  about  Hawaii ;   common  in  the  South  Seas. 

109.  Echidna  tritor  (A'aillant  and  Sauvage).     (J.   &  E.,  pp.  106,  107,  lOS,  109.) 
{Echidna  obscura  Jenkins.) 

Abundant  and  excessively  variable  in  color. 

It  is  believed  that  the  nominal  species  E.  leihala  Jenkins,  E.  pfialion  Jenkins, 
E.  zonata  Fowler,  E.  vincta  Jenkins,  and  E.  zimophaa  Jordan  and  Evermann  are 
all  variants  of  E.  tritor,  which  is  plain  in  color  with  a  l)lack  spot  at  the  angle  of 
the  mouth.  These  are  variously  marked  with  tlark  cross-bands,  scarcely  any 
two  specimens  being  colored  alike.  The  alk^ged  differences  in  dentition  need 
verification. 

110.  Echidna  nebulosa  (Ahl).     Puhikdpa.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  110.) 
Common  and  widely  distributed. 

Uropterygius  Ri'ii)i)('ll. 
{Ichthyoplus  Kaup,  preoccupied.) 

111.  Uropterygius  marmoratus  (Lacepede).     (J.   &  E.,  j).  111.) 
South  Seas,  scarce  about  Hawaii. 

112.  Uropterygius  leucurus  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  112.) 
(hily  one  specimen  known. 

SciTTiCARiA  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

113.  Scuticaria  tigrina  (Lesson).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  112.) 
South  Seas,  occasional  about  Hawaii. 


18  MKMOIH.S    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Order   SYNENTOGNATHI. 

Family   XXXVI.     BELONID.E   (Needle-fishes). 

Platybelone  Fowler. 

{Eimjcmdus  Ogilby,  Proc.  Royal  Soc.  Queensland,  XXI,  1908,  \).  91,  ty^oe 
Belone  platyura  Bennett,  is  preoccupied,  and  Flatyhclonc  Fowler,  Jan.,  1919,  is 
substituted.  The  gill-rakers  are  present  as  in  Belone,  the  tail  is  broad,  depressed, 
and  keeled.) 

114.  Platybelone  platyura  (Bennett).     (J.  &  E.,  j).  122.) 
South  Seas.     Not  rare  about  Hawaii. 

Tylosurus  Cocco. 

115.  Tylosurus  giganteus  (Tenuninck  and  Schlegel)  Aha  aha:    Avau.     (J.    &  E., 
p.  124.) 

This  large  Hawaiian  fish  requires  to  he  compared  with  the  original  si)ecies 
from  Jajian.     Not  rare  in  the  open  sea. 

Ablennes  Jordan  and  Fordice. 
(Originally  written  in  error  Athlennes.) 

116.  Ablennes  hians  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  125.) 

It  is  very  doubtful  whether  the  rare  Hawaiian  form  is  identical  with  .4.  hians 
of  the  West  Indies. 

Family   XXXVII.     HEMIRHAMPHID.F    (Half-beaks). 
Hyporhamphus  Gill. 

117.  Hyporhamphus  pacificus  (Steindachner).     (J.   &  E.,  ]x  12G.) 
Common  at  times. 

Hemirhamphus  Cuvier. 

118.  Hemirhamphus  depauperatus  Lua'  and  Bennett.     Me'eme'e;  Iheihe. 

Locally  abundant. 

Euleptorhamphus  Gill. 

119.  Euleptorhamphus  longirostris  (Cuvier).     Iheihe.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  128.) 
Not  rare  in  the  open  sea. 


JORDAN   AND    JORDAN:    FISHES   OF   HAWAII.  19 

Family  XXXVIII.     EXOCCETID.E   (Flying-fishes). 
FoDiATOR  Jordan  and  Meek. 

120.  Fodiatorrostratus  ((Uuither).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  131.) 

One  example  taken  in  Hawaii.  The  species  seems  to  differ  from  Fodiator 
acutus  of  the  Panama  region  in  the  subvertical  mouth  and  the  shorter  lower  jaw 
It  is  iK^arer  Fodiator  than  Parexocnetus. 

EvoLANTiA  Snodgrass  and  Heller. 

121.  Evolantia  microptera  (C'uvier  and  Valenciennes).     (J.  &  E.,  p.  130.) 
tSearce  about  Hawaii. 

Parexoc'cetits  Bleekcr. 

122.  Parexocoetus  brachypterus  Solander.     Pukiku.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  131.) 
A'ery  common,  not  exceeding  seven  inches. 

ExocoETUS  Linnseus. 
(Ventral  fin  short,  median.) 

Exocoetus  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  X,  1758,  p.  316.  Type  Exocwtus  voUtanti, 
lately  shown  to  be  based  on  an  example  of  the  species  called  Hulocypiielus 
evolans  (Linnaeus). 

HalocypselKs  Weinland,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  VI,  1858,  j).  385  (///c.so- 
gaster  =  evolans  =  volitans). 

123.  Exocoetus  volitans  Linnseus.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  132.) 

Bj'  a  confusion  incident  to  correction  of  syonymy  the  plate  on  page  133,  Jordan 
and  Evermann,  named  ''Exocoetus  volitans,"  rei^resents  the  species  sometimes 
called  by  that  name,  =  Exocoetus  rubescens  Rafinesque,  not  the  true  E.  volitans, 
which  has  short  ventral  fins. 

Exonautes  Jordan  and  Evermann. 
(Anal  fin  not  shorter  than  dorsal.) 

124.  Exonautes  gilberti  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  134.) 

Rare.  The  species  from  near  Samoa,  identified  by  Jordan  and  Scale  as 
Exocoetus  unicolor  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  figured  on  page  209  of  the  "Fishes  of 
Samoa,"  is  very  clos(>  to  Exonautes  gilberti  and  perhaps  the  same.  In  the  speci- 
mens of  both,  as  figured,  is  the  parasitic  coi:)epod  PeneUa,  to  which  a  parasitic 
barnacle  {Conchoderma)  is  attached. 


20  MEMOIRS    OF   THK    CARNECilK    MUSEUM. 

Cypselurus*  Swainson. 

(Anal  fin  much  shorter  than  dorsal;  young  (al\vaj%s?)  with  barbel  at  the  chin.) 

125.  Cypselurus  simus  (Cuvicr  and  Valenciennes).     Malolo.     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  134.) 
The  commonest  large  flying-fish  about  Hawaii,  reaching  a  length  of  fourteen 

inches.     The  pectoral  fins  ar(>  usually,  but  not  always,  spotted  with  black. 

126.  Cypselurus  spilonotopterus  (Hleeker).     Maloh).     (J.    k  E.,  p.  136.) 
Cypselurus  hahiensis  Jordan  and  Evermann,  ]).  136;   probabh'  not  Exocoetus 

bahicjtsis  Ranzani. 
Usually  common  about  Hawaii.     A  vei-y  large  species,  reaching  twenty  inches 
in  length.     It  is  known  in  life  by  its  dark  reddish-brown  ])ectorals,  which  become 
blackish  in  spirits.     The  dorsal  fin  is  largely  black.     The  si)eci(>s  is  most  likely 
distinct  from  the  Atlantic  form  called  C.  bahiensis. 

127.  Cypselurus  atrisignis  Jenkins.     fJ.   &  E.,  p.  136.) 
Rare.     Dorsal  fin  with  a  large  black  spot. 

Family  XXXIX.     MAC^ROURID.E   (Grenadiers). 
( Cory  pha^n  oididae . ) 
Gadomus  Regan. 

128.  Gadomus  melanopterus  Gilbert.    1G.,  p.  658.) 
Dec])  water  off  Kauai. 

129.  Gadomus  bowersi  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  659.) 
Deep  water  off  Bird  Island. 

AIelanobraxchus  Regan. 

130.  Melanobranchus  micronemus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  661.) 
Deep  water,  Pailolo  Channel. 

Chalinura  (ioode  antl  Bean. 

131.  Chalinura  ctenomelas  Gilliert  and  Cninier.     (G.,  p.  662.) 
Deep  sea,  very  abundant. 

Optonurus  Giinther. 

132.  Optonurus  atherodon  Gillicit  and  Cramer.      (Ci.,  p.  663.) 
Deep  sea;  the  most  abundant  member  of  the  group. 

*  The  International   Commission  of    Xomcnclat  are  lias  decided   tiiat   Mio  spelling  Cypsilurus  of 
Swainson  is  to  he  regarded  as  a  misprint. 


JORDAN   AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  21 

Hy.menocephalfs  Giglioli . 

133.  Hymenocephalus  striatulus  Gilbert.     (G..  p.  OGo.) 
Deep  .sea  off  Oalm. 

134.  Hymenocephalus  aterrimus  Gill)eit.     (G.,  p.  666.) 
Kanai,  in  ven'  dee]i  water. 

135.  Hymenocephalus  antraeus  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     ((!.,  p.  663.) 

Deep  sea,  extremely  abmidant.     A  valid  species,  not  to  he  confounded  with 
H.  aterrimus  Gilbert. 

Macrourus  Bloch. 

(This  genus,  distinguished  by  the  subinferior  mouth,  is  merged  into  Coryphce- 
noides  b.y  Hubbs.) 

136.  Macrourus  ectenes  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  667.) 
Deep  sea.     One  specimen  known. 

137.  Macrourus  propinquus  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  667.) 
Deep  sea  off  Kauai. 

138.  Macrourus  holocentrus  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  668.) 
Deep  sea  off  Oaliu.     One  specimen  known. 

139.  Macrourus  gibber  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  668.) 
Deep  sea;  frequent. 

140.  Macrourus  burragei  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  668.) 
Deep  sea  off  Oahu;  one  specimen  known. 

141.  Macrourus  obliquatus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  670.) 
Deep  sea  oft"  Kauai.     Only  one  specimen  known. 

142.  Macrourus  hebetatus  (Jilbert.     (G..  p.  671.) 
Deep  sea  off  (_)ahu,  one  specimen  known. 

143.  Macrourus  longicirrhus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  672.) 
Deep  sea  off  Kauai.     Only  the  tj^je  know^l. 

CcELORHYNCHUs  Giorna. 

144.  Ccelorhynchus  gladius  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G..  p.  673.) 
Deep  sea. 

145.  Ccelorhynchus  aratrum  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  674.) 
Deep  sea.     Puither  scarce. 

146.  Ccelorhynchus  doryssus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  675.) 
Deep  sea.     Occasional. 


22  MEMOinS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Mat^ocephalus  Berg. 
(Coslocephalus  Gilbert  and  Cramer;  preoccupied.) 

147.  Mataeocephalus  acipenserinus  (Gilbert  and  Cramer).     (G.,  p.  G7G.) 
Deep  sea.     Common. 

Malacocephalus  Gimther. 

148.  Malacocephalus  hawaiiensis  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  077.) 
Deep  sea  oft'  Oahu. 

Trachonurus  Gimther. 

149.  Trachonurus  sentipellis  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  679.) 
Deep  sea,  frequent. 

Family  XL.     GADID.E. 
Antimora  Giinther. 

150.  Antimora  microlepis  Bean.     (G.,  p.  656.) 
Deep  sea  off  Kaiuii.     An  Alaskan  species. 

L^MONEMA  Giinther. 

151.  Laemonema  rhodochir  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  657.) 
Deep  sea  ofif  Oahu.     But  one  specimen  known. 

Physiculus  Kaup. 

152.  Physiculus  grinnelli  sp.  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan.     (PI.  I,  fig.  3.) 

Type:  No.  3898  Carnegie  Museum.  Twelve  and  one-half  inches  long. 
Found  in  the  market  at  Honolulu. 

Head  4  in  length  to  base  of  caudal;  depth  4.8;  eye  4.66  in  head;  snout  4.66; 
maxillary  2.16;  barbel  4.5;  height  of  first  dorsal  2.5;  length  of  ventral  1.16; 
pectoral  1.33;  caudal  2;  dorsal  rays  7-73;  anal  rays  65;  ventral  Ta.ys  6;  scales 
6-127-26. 

Body  moderately  elongate,  deepest  luider  the  first  dorsal,  the  tail  rather 
slender;  head  somewhat  flattened,  the  profile  depressed  above  the  eye;  mouth 
moderate ;  the  lower  jaw  included ;  the  narrow  maxillary  reaching  about  to  posterior 
margin  of  eS'e;  gill-rakers  very  short,  blunt;  eye  moderate.  First  dorsal  rather 
low,  one  and  four-fifths  times  as  high  as  long;  second  dorsal  moderate,  co- 
terminous with  anal;  caudal  rounded.  A'entrals  reaching  well  past  front  of  anal. 
Scales  small,  smellier  i)osteriorly  and  below;  snout  and  lower  jaw  scaleless.  Soft 
fins  with  small  scales;  lateral  line  well  developed.  Color  plain  dusky,  paler  below, 
edges  of  fins  darker. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF   HAWAII. 


23 


This  species  requires  to  be  compared  with  Physiculus  japonirus  Hilgendorf 
from  Tokj'O.  The  following  is  the  scanty  description  (Gesellsch.  Naturforsch. 
Freunde  Berlin.  1879,  p.  80): 

'.'Von  der  Gattung  Physiculus  sind  l)isher  3  Arten  bekannt  geworden;  die 
erste,  Ph.  dahvigkii  KP.  wieder  \-on  ^Madeira,  ist  von  unserer  durch  folgcnde 
IMerkmale  zu  unterscheiden.  Bei  Ph.  japonicus  ist  die  Kopflange  in  der  Korj  erl. 
(ohne  C'aud.)  omal  enthalten  (bei  P.  Dalwigkii  4mal).  Interorbitalraum  gleich 
dem  vertikalen  Augendurchmesser  (statt  kleiner),  D.  I.  ist  1  1/3  mal  so  hoch  als 
lang  (2  mal),  und  die  Hohe  unter  halber  Kopflange  (gleich  der  halben),  die  Faden 
der  V.  erreichen  die  A.  (nicht).  B.  7,  D.  9/66,  A.  73,  V.  7.  Die  anderen  beiden 
Arten,  von  Cuba  und  Siidaustralien,  sind  durch  die  Flossenformal  hinreichend 
getrennt.     IMus.  Ber.  No.  10624." 

Order   ZEOIDEA. 

Family  XLI.     ZEID.E   (John   Dories). 

Stethopristes  Gilbert. 

153.  Stethopristes  eos  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  622.) 
Deep  sea,  Pailolo  Channel. 

Cyttomimus  Gilbert. 
(The  presence  of  six  soft  rays  in  the  ventral  fins  indicates  that  this  genus 
belongs  to  the  Zeidce  rather  than  to  the  Cuproidcc.) 

154.  Cyttomimus  stelgis  Gilbert.     (G.,  ]).  624.) 
Deep  sea  off  Oahu;  but  one  specimen  knowoi. 


,f.i<^.- 


,f^' 


^ 


Fig.  1.      V'esposMS  egregitis  .Jordan.     (Reproduced  from  Prcjc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  \'iil.  '>'■),  1921,  p.  050.) 


24  MEMOIRS    OF   TIIK    OABNEGTE    MUSEUM. 

Family   XLII.     GRAIVBIICOLEPID.'E. 

Vesposus  Jordan. 
15").  Vesposus  egregius  Jordan. 

(Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  AIus.,  LIX,  1921,  p.  650.) 

Deep  sea  off  Hawaii;    the  type  killed  in  overflow  of  lava  from  Mauna  Loa. 

Order    CHONDRICHTHYES. 

Family  XLIII.     ATELEOPID.E. 

Ateleopus  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

( PodateJes  Boulenger,  there  being  already  a  genus  Atelopus.) 

150.  Ateleopus  pUcatellus  (iilbcrt.     (G.,  p.  053.) 

Deep  sea,  Pailolo  Channel. 

Order   HETEROSOMATA. 
Family  XLIV.     PLEURONECTID^. 

Pcecilopsetta  Gimther. 

157.  Pcecilopsetta  hawaiiensis  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  679.) 
Deep  sea,  Pailolo  Channel. 

T^NIOPSETTA  Gilbert. 

158.  Taeniopsetta  radula  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  680.) 
Deep  sea,  Pailolo  Channel. 

Platophrys  Swainson. 

159.  Platophrys  mancus  (Broussonet).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  513;   G.,  p.  684.) 
{Rhomboidichthys  pavo  Gtinther.) 

Occasionally  taken. 

160.  Platophrys  pantherinus  (Ruppell).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  512.) 
Generally  common  about  Hawaii. 

161.  Platophrys  chlorospilus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  684.) 
Off  Maui  in  deep  water. 

162.  Platophrys  inermis  (!ill)ert.     (G.,  p.  685.) 
Dee])  sea,  Pailolo  Channel. 

163.  Platophrys  coarctatus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  686.) 
Deep  sea. 


,)()1{I)AN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  25 

This  species  and  the  preccHling-,  witli  the  interurbilai   \-ery   iian-ow,  diverge 
considei-ably  from  the  type  of  Platophnja. 

SciEOPS  Jordan  and  Starks. 
(PlatopJirijs  (Jiinther,  non  8wainson.) 

164.  Scasops  hawaiiensis  (Jordan  and  r^vermann).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  .")14;   (!.,  p.  087.) 

165.  Scaeops  xenandrus  (Gilbert).     (G.,  p.  687.) 
Common  in  ratlier  deep  water. 

166.  Sc£eops  arenicola  (Jordan  and  Evermann).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  515.) 

Among  the  large-scaled  flounders  known  by  the  very  narrow  interorbital,  thus 
ai)proaching  Engyprosopon  Giinther,  but  the  gill-rakers  are  very  short,  as  in  Scaops. 

Anticitharus  Giinther. 

167.  Anticitharus  debilis  (iilbert.     (G.,  p.  683.) 
Deep  sea,  Pailolo  Channel. 

Chascanopsetta  Gilbert. 

168.  Chascanopsetta  prorigera  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  689.) 
Deep  sea,  off  Alaui. 

Pelecanichthys  Gilbert  and  Cramer. 

169.  Pelecanichthys  crumenalis  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (Ci.,  p.  690.) 
Deep  sea. 

Samariscus  Gilbert. 

170.  Samariscus  corallinus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  682.) 
Deep  sea,  off  Alolokai. 

Family   XLV.     CYNOGLOSSID.E   (Soles). 
Symphurus  Rafinesque. 

171.  Symphurus  undatus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  690.) 
Deep  sea,  off  Oahu. 

172.  Symphurus  strictus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  691.) 
Deep  sea,  off  Oaliu. 


26  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

OrdcT   XENOBERYCES. 
Family   XLVI.     IMELAMPHAID.E. 

MelamphaEs  Ginithor. 

173.  Melamphaes  unicornis  Gilbert.     (G.,  ji.  615.) 
Deep  sea,  off  Kauai. 

Caulglepis  Gill. 

174.  Caulolepis  longidens  Ciill.     (G.,  p.  616.) 

Deep  .sea,  perlmps  distinct  from  the  Atlantic  form. 

Order   BERYCOIDEI. 
Family   XLVII.     POLYAIIXIID^. 

PoLYMixiA  Lowe. 

175.  Polymixia  berndti  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  616.) 
Deep  sea,  off  Oahu. 

Family   XLMII.     HOLOGENTRID.E   (Squirrel-fishes). 
HoLOTRACHYS  Giinther. 

176.  Holotrachys  lima  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  147.) 
(  ommon  in  Hawaii  and  throughout  the  South  Seas. 

OsTicHTHYS  (Langsdorf)  Jordan  and  lilvcrmann. 

177.  Ostichthys  pillwaxi  (Steindachner).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  147.) 
Very  rare.     Two  specimens  known  from  Honolulu. 

Myripristis  Cuvier.     fFrercs  Jacques.) 

178.  Myripristis  multiradiatus  Giinther.      U\(.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  149.) 
Abundant  about  Hawaii. 

179.  Myripristis  chryseres  Jordan  and  Evermann.     Pauu. 
Not  rare  al)Out  Hawaii. 

180.  Myripristis  symmetricus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  131.) 
Rather  scarce. 

181.  Myripristis  sealei  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  151.) 

Not  rare. 

182.  Myripristis  murdjan(Forskal).      U'li.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  152.) 


JORDAN    AND   JORDAN!    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  27 

The  commonest  species  of  the  genus,  widely  (Hspersed  throughout  the  Pacific. 
Myripi-istis  benuUi  Jordan  and  Evermann,  p.  153,  is  probably  not  distinct  from 
M.  murdjan. 

183.  Myripristis  argyromus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  154.) 
One  example  known. 

HOLOCENTRUS. 

§  Holocentrus. 

184.  Holocentrus  diadema  Lacepede.     Alaihi  kahdna.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  159.) 
Very  common;  on(>  of  the  small  species. 

185.  Holocentrus  microstomus  Giinther.     (J.   &:  E.,  p.  160.) 
Rather  scarce. 

186.  Holocentrus  spinifer  (Forskal).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  161.) 
Rare  about  Hawaii. 

187.  Holocentrus  erythraeus  Giinther.     (J.  &E.,  p.  161.) 
Scarce. 

188.  Holocentrus  punctatissimus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  162.) 
A  small  fish  generally  common  about  Hawaii. 

189.  Holocentrus  xantherythrus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  164.) 
Common.     The  specific  name  of  this  species  was  rather  unfortunately  chosen, 

as  its  pale  stripes  are  white,  not  j-ellow.     The  j^ellow  streaks  are  characteristic  of 
H.  ensifer,  for  which  the  name  was  originally  framed. 

190.  Holocentrus  ensifer  Jordan  and  Elvermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  165.) 
Rather  common. 

§  Flammeo  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

191.  Holocentrus  sammara  Forskal.     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  155.) 

Common,  widely  diffused.  This  species  and  the  next  l)elong  to  the  subgenus 
Flammeo,  distinguished  by  the  larger  mouth  and  projecting  chin,  cliaracters  of 
minor  importance. 

192.  Holocentrus  scythrops  Jordan  and  Evermann.     fj.  &:  E.,  p.  157.) 
Abundant  about  Hawaii. 

Order  AULOSTOMI. 

Family  XLIX.     AULOSTOMI D.E    (Trumpet-fishes). 

AuLOSTOMus  Lacepede. 

193.  Aulostomus  chinensis  (Linnaeus).     Nunu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  114.) 

Common.  The  original  description  of  "Fisiularia  chinen.siH"  Linnaeus  in- 
cluded two  Asiatic  references  and  the  species  is  said  to  inhahit  the  East  Indies. 


28  MPiMOIRS    OF    THE    CARNKGIE    MUSEUM. 

The  .specific  name  chincnsi-s  should  therefore  remain  with  tlie  Asiatic  form,  known 
a.s  Aulodonius  valentini  by  some  later  authors. 

Family    L.     FISTULAUIID.E    (Cornet-fishes). 
FiSTU];ARiA  Linnaeus. 

194.  Fistularia  petimba  Lacepede.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  110.) 
Abundant. 

195.  Fistularia  serrata  ( 'uvier.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  IKJ.) 
Scarce  about  Hawaii. 

Family  LL     MACRORHAMPHOSID.E. 

IVIacrorhamphosus  Lacepede. 

190.  Macrorhamphosus  hawaiiensis  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  613.) 
Off  Laysan  Island. 

Order   LOPHOBRANCHII.' 

Family   LII.     8YNGNATHID.E. 

MiCROPHis  Kaup. 

197.  Microphis  pleurotaenia  (Gimther).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  121.) 
Rare.     Oft'  Honolulu. 

ICHTHYOCAMPUS   Kaup. 

198.  Ichthyocampus  erythraeus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  013.) 
Oft"  Molokai. 

Family    LIII.     HIPPOGAMPID.E    (Sea-horses). 
Hippocampus  Rafine.sque. 

199.  Hippocampus  hilonis  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  119.) 
One  exam])le  from  Hilo. 

200.  Hippocampus  fisheri  Jordan  and  Evermann.     fj.   &  E.,  ]).  119.) 
Scarce. 

Order   HYPOSTOMIDES. 

Family   LIV.     PEGASID.E    (Sea-moths). 

Pegasus  Linnaeus. 

201.  Pegasus  papilio  (iil])ert.     ((!.,  ]).  014.) 
Bird  Lsland,  and  off  Hawaii. 

^  Soleiwxtomus  ci/auvpterua  Blocker  hits  been  reported  from  Hawaii  in  error. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHKS    OF   HAWAII.  29 

Older   SELENICHTHYES. 

Family   LV.     LA.MPRID.E   (Moon-fislies). 

Lampris  Retzius. 

202.  Lampris  regius  (Boimatcrre).     (J.   it  E.,  p.  166.) 

An  example,  six  feet  long,  was  once  taken  at  Honolulu.  It  weighed  217  lbs. 
The  Honolulu  "Star-Bulletin"  in  an  issue  early  in  1922  re^jorts  the  ca])ture  at  a 
depth  of  1200  ft.  of  a  second  sjiecimen,  weighing  much  less.  It  was  taken  thirteen 
miles  west  of  Oahu. 

Order   PERCOMORPHI. 

Suborder    PER  CESO  ( ' ^,S'. 

Family   LVI.     ATHERINID.E    (Silversidcs). 

Hepsetia  Bonaparte. 

203.  Hepsetia  insularum  i, Jordan  and  Evermann).     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  188.) 

This  little  fish,  common  inside  of  the  reefs,  has  the  lower  mandible  straight, 
not  abrupth'  elevated  behind.  It  belongs,  therefore,  witli  most  of  the  Pacific 
"Silversides"  to  the  genus  Hepsetia. 

Family   LVII.     IVIUGILID.E   (Mullets). 
IMuGiL  Linnaeus. 

204.  Mugil  cephalus  Linnaeus.     Atna-avui.     (J.   &  E.,  \).  139.) 

The  commonest  food-fish  in  Honolulu,  and  one  of  the  best,  being  largely 
reared  in  salt-water  ponds.  We  have  been  unable  to  distinguisli  the  Hawaiian 
form  from  the  Striped  Mullet  of  Europe,  and  therefore  let  it  stand  under  the 
same  name. 

CHiENOMUGIL    Gill. 

(This  genus  differs  from  (lieloii  Rose  of  the  Mediterranean  by  having  both 
jaws  provided  with  pa])illiform  teeth.) 

205.  Chgenomugil  chaptalii  (Eydoux  and  Souleyet).     Vouoa.     (J.  &  E.,  p]).  140- 
141.) 

Myxns.  parifinis  Steindachner  seems  to  be  the  young  of  this  s]>ecies. 

Family   LVIII.     SPHYR.ENID.E    (Barracudas). 

Sphyr/ena  Lacepede. 

§  Sphyra'na. 

206.  Sphyraena  helleri  Jenkins.      Kmvalea.     (J.   ct  E.,  ]>.  143.) 

A  small  species,  not  exceeding  two  feet  in  length.     Generally  common. 


30  MEMOTKS    OF   THE    CAHNEOIK    MTT.SEUM. 

§  Agriosphyrcena  Fowler. 
(Giant  barracudas  with  large  scales,  less  than  ninety.) 

207.  Sphyraena  snodgrassi  Jenkins.      Kdkv.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  143.) 

This  large  and  fi(>rc(>  Barracuda  is  common  in  the  markets,  and  reaches  a 
length  of  six  feet.  The  species  recpiires  to  be  compared  with  other  large  Barracudas 
of  the  South  Seas. 

Suborder   RHEGNOPTERI. 

Family   LIX.     POLYNEMID.E    (Thread-fishes). 

PoLYNEMUS  Linnaeus. 

(Polydadylus  Lacepede.) 

208.  Polynemus    sexfilis   Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.     Mot;    Moi-lii.     (J.    &  E., 
p.  144.) 

Not  rare  at  Honolulu. 

Suborder    P^ER  CI  FORMES. 
Family   LX.     XIPHIID.E. 

XiPHiAS  Linnteus. 

209.  Xiphias  gladius  Linnseus.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  168.) 

The  common  swordfish  is  occasionally  taken  at  Honolulu. 

Family   LXI.     ISTIOPHORID.E   (Spear-fishes). 
Tetrapterus  Agassiz. 

210.  Tetrapterus  mitsukurii  Jordan  and  Snyder.     A'u. 

This  large  spear-fish,  originally  described  from  Japan,  but  since  found  to  be 
abundant  at  Santa  Catalina,  may  be  seen  every  day  in  the  Honolulu  markets. 
It  is  taken  in  the  open  sea  to  the  southwestward  by  Japanese  fishermen.  We  have 
had  no  opportunity'  to  compare  Hawaiian  specimens  with  those  taken  elsewhere. 
Pectoral  longer  than  dorsal  lobe. 

IsTiopHORrs  Lacepede  (Sail-fishes). 
( Hisiiopliorus  of  most  recent  authors.) 

211.  Istiophorus  gladius  (Broussonet). 

A  cast  of  an  example  six  feet  long  is  in  the  Bishop  Museum.  It  is  not  certain 
that  the  Atlantic  form  is  really  distinct  from  this.  A  photograph  of  the  cast  is 
given  in  fig.  2. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  31 

Family  LXII.  SCOMBRID.E  CMackerels). 
Pnei'matophokis  Joi'daii  and  Ciill^ert. 
212.  Pneumatophorus  japonicus  (Houttuyn).  Opclu  pdlahu.  (J.  &  E.,  p.  109.) 
This  small  mackerel  is  rather  rare  about  Hawaii.  It  needs  comparison  with 
the  abundant  geminate  forms,  P.  japonicia  of  Japan  and  P.  diegi)  from  California. 
P.  cnU(ii<  of  i'Airope  and  /-*.  grcx  of  our  Atlantic  coast  also  differ  slightly,  though 
all  are  very  nuich  alike.  The  "Chub-mackerels,"  PneumatopJioms,  differ  fi-om  tlie 
mackerel  of  commerce.  Scomber,  in  the  development  of  the  air-bladder. 


Fk;.  2.     Istiophoru.s  (jladius  (Brou.^^sonet).     Iruiii  :i  i;a.-l  in  the  Roruice  P:iualii  liishoj)  Museinii,  Honolulu. 

Auxis  Cuvier  (Frigate-mackerels). 

213.  Auxis  thazard  (Lacepede).     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  171.) 

This  pelagic  fish  requires  to  be  compared  with  ,1.  rocJici  of  the  Atlantic  and 
A.  tapeinosoma  of  Japan. 

EuTHYNNUs  Llitken  (Oceanic  Bonitos). 
(We  let  this  genus  stand  until  it  can  be  comi)are(l  directly  with  GijiHnostu-dfi 
unicolor,  the  type  of  the  allied  genus  Gijiiinomrdd.) 

214.  Euthynnus  pelamis  (Linnanis).     Aku.     (J.   ct  E.,  ]).  172.) 

This  fish  of  the  open  sea  is  now  very  abundant  in  the  markets  of  Honolulu 
and  Hilo.  It  is  extensively  canned  for  commerce;  more  than  any  other  species. 
The  flesh  is  red,  rather  coarse,  and  oily.  The  better  species  of  this  group  are  not 
put  up  in  tins,  their  use  as  fresh  fish  being  more  profitable.  The  best  of  them  sell 
at  present  at  fifty  cents  a  pound  in  Honolulu.  The  various  forms  of  stri]ied  "Oce- 
anic Bonitos"  found  in  the  warm  parts  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  need  comjiarison 
one  with  another. 
■215.  Euthynnus  alleteratus  (Rafine.sque).      Kdwakdwa.     (J.   &  E,,  ]x  173.) 

Very  common  in  the  markets.     The  j'oung  are  taken  in  nets  in  the  shallow 
waters  of  Hilo  Bay.     The  flesh  is  paler  than  that  of  the  Alcu,  and  brings  a  higher 


32  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

price;  hence  it  is  less  freriuently  tinned.  From  two  to  si.x  round  l)hick  spots 
appear  in  the  adult  fish  along  the  sides  of  the  breast.  These  are  not  shown  in  the 
figure  (No.  65)  given  by  Jordan  and  Evermann.  The  Pacific  form  should  be 
compared  with  true  E.  ulleteraiu.^  of  the  Mediterranean. 

Sarda  Cuvier  (Bonitos). 

216.  Sarda  chilensis  fCuvier  and  Valenciennes).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  175.) 
Occasionally'  taken  at  Honolulu  and  canned  with  the  Aku,  packers  making 

no  fine  distinctions.  This  species  is  quite  different  from  the  Atlantic  Bonito,  Sarda 
sarda,  having  the  sjjinous  dorsal  always  shorter.  It  is  not  quite  certain  that  Sarda 
lineolata  from  California  and  Sarda  orientalis  from  Japan  are  identical  with  Sarda 
chilensis. 

Thunnxts  South  (Tunnies). 

{Thynnus  Cuvier;  preoccupied.) 

217.  Thunnus  thynnus  Linnaeus. 

The  great  Tuna,  regarded  as  identical  with  the  European,  and  which  is  abun- 
dant about  Santa  Catalina  Island,  California,  is  not  yet  definitely  known  from 
Hawaii. 

218.  Thunnus  orientalis  (Temminck  and  vSchlegel). 

A  specimen  seen  in  the  market  at  Honolulu  seemed  distinct  from  the  Cali- 
fornian  Tuna,  having  the  finlets  dull  yellow  mstead  of  l)lue.  According  to  our 
notes  the  dorsal  and  anal  lobes  are  high,  the  pectoral  rather  short,  reaching  two- 
thirds  distance  to  anal.  Finlets  all  dull  soiled  yellowish.  Belly  with  twelve 
obscure  ])ale  cross-bars  of  grayish  silvery,  narrower  than  the  interspaces,  replaced 
by  round  spots  above  and  below;  smaller  spots  alternating  with  the  bars;  no  clear 
yellow  on  fins.  The  silvery  markings  are  characteristic  of  the  young  of  several 
species  of  this  group. 

Germo  Jordan  (Albacores). 

This  group  or  subgenus  differs  from  Thunnus  only  in  the  great  length  of  the 
ril)bon-like  pectoral  fins,  which  reach  at  least  to  the  front  of  the  anal,  two  and  one 
half  to  three  times  in  length  of  body.  It  should  jK'rhaps  be  merged  in  Thunnus. 
The  species  of  this  genus  are  much  in  need  of  careful  revision. 

219.  Germo  macropterus  Temminck  and  Schlegel.     Ahi.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  174.) 
(Germo  germo  Jordan  and  Evermann.) 

This  species,  found  both  in  California  and  Jajian,  is  now  rather  abundant  in 
the  Honolulu  markets.  It  reaches  a  weight  of  three  hundred  pounds.  Dorsal 
and  finlets  all  bi'ight  lemon-vellow  without  dark  borders.     The  sides  have- faint 


JORDAN"    AND    ,f()RDAN:    FISHKS    OF    HAWAII. 


33 


elongate  dull  silvery  spots,  not  eross-l)ands.  The  dorsal  and  anal  are  very  high 
and  falcate.  The  flesh  is  coarse  and  red,  like  that  of  the  Akit.  with  which  it  is 
often  canned. 

This  species  was  recorchnl  b\-  Jordan  and  Everniann  in  1901  as  (icDiio  gcrmo. 
It  is  brought  in  from  dee))  water  by  the  Japanese  fishermen. 

220.  Germo  sibi  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Soft  dorsal  moderately  elevated,  its  lobe  shorter  than  snout.  Pectoral  long, 
falcate,  reaching  to  the  second  dorsal  finlet.  Finlets  above  bright  yellow  bordered 
by  dark,  the  narrow  margin  white,  the  produced  tips  white:  anal  finlets  aU  pale 
with  no  yellow.     Flesh  dark.     Sides  without  distinct  silvery  markings. 

A  large  fish,  frequently  seen  in  the  markets,  and  evidently  distinct  from  (i. 
macropterus  and  G.  alalunga.  It  seems  to  be  very  near  6'.  i^ihi  of  Japan,  but  its 
identity  cannot  be  i)ositively  decided  without  actual  comi^arison  of  specimens. 

221.  Germo  alalunga  (Chiielin). 

t?  Scomber  germo  Lacepcde  =  Thynnus  pacifiais  Cuvier  and  ^'alencienncs.) 
Another  long-fin  is  occasionally  taken  with  the  others.  Upon  superficial 
examination  it  seems  to  be  the  same  as  the  C'alifornian  Albacore,  supposed  to  be 
Germo  alalunga.  Finlets  all  blue  with  no  trace  of  yellow.  Pectoral  very  long, 
reaching  middle  of  dorsal  lobe.  Flesh  jiale.  Weight  twelve  t(j  fifteen  pounds. 
This  may  be  Scomber  germo  of  Lacepede  ipacijicus  C.  &  \.),  but  the  long  descrip- 
tions of  that  author  reveal  no  points  of  difference  and  the  color  of  the  finlets  is 
not  mentioned. 

In  Jordan  and  Evermann,  "Fishes  of  Xorth  and  Middle  America,"  i)p.  870-871, 
in  the  account  of  Thimnus  thynnus  and  Germo  alalunga.  the  refei-ences  to  the  flesh 
of  the  two  are  accidentally  transposed.  The  flesh  of  the  Tuna  (  Thunnus)  is 
"coarse  and  oily";  that  of  the  Albacore  (Germo)  is  ■•excellent,  that  oxen  of  very 
large  individuals  being  of  fine  flavor." 

222.  Germo  argentivittatus  (C'uvier  and  Valenciennes). 

Dr.  Xichols  tells  me  that  a  specimen  sent  by  Dr.  Ev(>rmann  in  1920  to  the 
American  ^Museum  of  Natural  History  corresponds  to  this  species  from  "the 
Indian  seas."  The  color  of  the  body,  as  stated  ])y  Cuvier  and  ^'alenciennes, 
corresponds  to  that  of  Thunnus  orientalis,  but  the  long  pectorals  are  said  to  lie 
three  and  one-half  in  the  length  of  body,  not  seven,  as  in  Schlegel's  account  of 
orientalis. 


34  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CAK.N'EGIE    MUSEUM. 

ACANTHOCYBIUM    GHl    (Potos). 

223.  Acanthocybium  solandri  (Cuvicr  and  Valenciennes).     Ono. 

This  larj>;e  fisli  is  now  common  in  the  market  of  Honohilu,  being  taken  with 
the  hook  in  deep  water  thirty  miles  or  more  from  the  harbor  bj'  the  Japanese. 
The  flesh  is  excellent,  being  too  costly  to  be  used  for  canning.  Jordan  and  Thom])- 
son  liave  noticed  that  the  Jajianese  form,  Acantlwcybium  sara,  is  very  distinct  from 
A.  solandri.     The  Cuban  Peto,  .4.  peius  Poey,  is  also  different. 

Brown,  with  narrow  faint  silvery  cross-bars  on  sides.  Teeth  75 '60  on  each 
side,  compressed,  smaller  inwards;  pectorals  a  little  shorter  than  maxillary. 

The  account  of  this  species,  given  by  Jordan  and  Evermann,  is  drawn  from 
a  Cuban  example  of  Acanthocyhium  pctu.s.  The  Ja})anese  fish,  Aauithucybium  sara, 
called  in  Jajmn  OJdsawara,  or  "off-shore  Sawara,"  has  the  teeth  much  larger,  18/20 
on  either  side,  the  snout  blunter,  the  body  less  slender.  (Bee  Jordan  and  Metz, 
Memoirs  Carnegie  Museum,  Yl,  p.  27.) 

The  description  copied  by  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes  from  Solander  is  not 
distinctive,  and  no  locality  is  assigned  to  the  species.  As  Solander  collected  prin- 
ci])ally  about  Tahiti,  it  is  presumable  that  his  species  is  the  present.  The  huge 
size  of  these  fishes  debars  them  from  collections. 

Family   LXIIL     GEMPYLID.E    (Snake-mackerels). 

RUVETTUS    CoCCO. 

224.  Ruvettus  pacificus  sp.  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan.     Wahi.     fj.    &  E.,  p.  177.) 
Type:   No.  04314,  U.  S.  X.  M. 

A  single  specimen,  four  and  one  half  feet  long,  weighing  fort.y  pounds,  was 
obtained  b.y  Jordan  and  Evermann  from  Honolulu.  This  is  the  only  record,  so 
far  as  we  know,  from  the  Pacific.  This  example  we  may  take  as  the  type  of  a 
new  species. 

It  is  well  described  and  figured  l>y  Jordan  and  Evermann  under  the  name  of 
Ruvettus  pretiosus  Cocco,  but  it  differs  from  the  Atlantic  speci(>s  in  the  number  of 
fin-rays  (D.  XII,  15,  II;  A.  10.  II,  instead  of  D.  XV,  18,  II;  A.  17-11)  and  in  the 
deeper  body,  the  dei)th  being  5.4  instead  of  6.     It  has  been  recorded  from  Japan. 

Prometichthys  Gill. 
{Prometheus  Lowe,  preoccupied.) 

225.  Prometichthys  prometheus  (Cuvier  and  A'alenciennes).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  178.) 
Not  rare  in  the  open  sea,  occasionally  brought  into  the  markets.     Our  speci- 
mens seem  identical  with  others  from  Jajjan.     The  Pacific  form,   Prometichthys 
solandri  ( "uvier  and  A'alcnciennes  needs  comjiarison  with  material  from  the  Atlantic. 


JORDAN    A\D    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  35 

Gempylus  Cuvier. 

{Lemnisomn  Lesson  (1830).     Gempylus  Cuvier  ( 1829)  has  priority.) 
22G.  Gempylus  serpens   Cuvier  and  ^'alenciennes.      HauUuli  puhi.     (J.    ct   E., 

p.  179.) 

Tliis  rare  fish  is  knowni  from  a  painting  at  Hilo  by  Andrew  Garrett  and  one  at 
Honolulu  by  :\rrs.  J.  R.  Dilhngham.  Whether  the  Pacific  form.  G.  (hijrsitoides 
Lesson,  differs  from  C  serpens  of  the  Atlantic  we  cannot  tell. 

Family   LXR'.     CORYPH.EXID-E    (Dolphins). 
CoRYPH.ENA  Linna-us. 

227.  Coryphaena  hippunxs  Linnaeus.     Mahihi;  Mdhimdhi.     (J.   &  E..  p.  204.) 
Now  very  common  in  the  markets.     Dorsal  rays  54  to  58. 

228.  Coryphaena  equisetis  Liinueus.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  205.) 
Recorded  by  Bennett  and  by  Glinther.     Xot  seen  by  us. 

Family    LXV.     XOAIEID.E. 
Ariomma  Jordan  and  Snyder. 
(It  is  not  evident  that  this  genus  differs  from  Cubiceps  Lowe  of  the  Atlantic.) 

229.  Ariomma  lurida  Jordan  and  Snyder.     (J.   <fe  E..  p.  217.) 

Pelagic.  Two  specimens  from  the  markets  in  Honolulu.  Two  casts  of  this 
rare  species  of  the  open  seas  are  in  the  Bishop  Museum,  from  examples  in  much 
better  condition  than  the  original  tjiDes. 

230.  Ariomma  evermanni  Jordan  and  Sm'der. 

(Jordan  and  Snyder,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fish  Comm..  XXVL  1906,  p.  209.) 
Open  sea.     Only  the  t\i)e,  from  off  Honolulu,  is  known. 

Family   LXVL     BRA.MID.E    (Sea-breams). 
CoLLYBi's  Snyder. 

231.  Collybus  drachme  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  203.) 

Open  sea,  scarce.  Originally  known  from  several  young  examples,  some  of 
them  from  the  stomach  of  a  dolphin  {Coryphama) .  A  cast  of  a  large  example  is 
in  the  Bishop  Museum. 

EuMEGiSTUS  gen.  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan. 
Tj-pe:   Eumegistus  illustris  Jordan  and  Jordan. 

This  genus  is  nearly  allied  to  Brama.  differing  in  its  much  larger  scales,  which, 
at  least  in  the  adidt,  are  smooth,  entirely  without  vertical  ridge,  or  emargination. 


36  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Teeth  small,  sharji,  even,  in  broad  bands,  none  on  vomer  or  palatines.  Lateral 
line  well  developed.  Each  ray  of  dorsal  and  anal  with  a  series  of  scales;  these 
fins  falcate,  the  front  lobe  acute.  Caudal  deepl\'  forked,  the  lobes  acute.  Pec- 
torals long.  falcat(\  IMaxillary  scal\-.  Snout  and  lower  jaw  naked.  Ciill-rakers 
of  moderate  length,  stifT  and  strong,  not  numerous,  the  number  about  X  +  12,  the 
longest  about  half  of  eye. 
232.  Eumegistus  illustris  sp.  nov.     Jordan  and  .Jordan.     (PI.  II,  fig.  1.) 

Type:   No.  3899,  C.  AI.,  Honolulu.     (  oheetor  D.  S.  Jordan. 

Head  3.4  in  length;  dei)th  2:  dorsal  rays  III.  28:  anal  rays  II.  20:  ventrals 
1,5;  scales  9-58-22;  eye  3.5  in  head;  snout  4.5;   ma.xillary  1.75. 

Body  broadly  ovate,  its  outlines  regular;  an  v\n\  curve  from  tij)  of  snout  to 
dorsal,  a  similar  curve  below;  caudal  peduncle  rather  slender.  Head  mode  ate, 
high  above  eye;  preorbital  narrow;  maxillary  broad,  its  diameter  at  tip  two-fifths 
of  eye,  extending  to  below  middle  of  the  large  eye;  mouth  very  oblicjue,  the  lower 
jaw  heavy  and  projecting,  its  tip  entering  the  profile.  Preopercle  entire,  evenl.y 
rounded;  opercle  without  .spine  or  angle:  scales  on  head  small,  smaller  about  the 
eye,  lower  jaw  and  forehead  scaleless  or  nearly  so.  Scales  on  body  thick,  smooth, 
without  emargination  or  vertical  ridge,  those  on  sides  much  larger  than  those 
along  bases  of  dorsal  and  anal ;  each  ray  of  dorsal  and  anal  with  a  series  of  scales, 
each  scale  broader  than  high;  lateral  line  well  developed,  concurrent  with  the 
back;  a  long  scaly  appendage  at  base  of  ventrals,  the  soft  i-ays  of  which  fin  are 
also  .scaly.  Lobe  of  dorsal  acute,  1.1  in  head.  2.1  in  depth  of  body;  anal  lobe  3 
in  depth;  upper  caudal  lobe  slightly  the  longer,  1.9  in  depth  in  fin,  deeply  lunate, 
with  produced  tips;  ])ectoral  reaching  seventeenth  dorsal  ray,  1.6  in  depth  of  bod.y; 
ventrals  short,  3.5  in  depth. 

Color  lustrous  brownish  black;  the  edge  of  dorsal  and  anal  black  above  the 
paler  scales;  posterior  edge  of  caudal  abruptly  white;  outer  edges  of  pectorals  and 
ventrals  also  white. 

The  type  of  this  species  is  a  single  specimen  found  in  the  market  of  Honolulu. 
It  was  about  two  feet  in  length,  weighing  nearly  nine  pounds.  It  was  regarded  as 
one  of  the  best  food-fishes,  selling  at  fifty  cents  per  pound,  but  no  one  seems  to 
have  ever  seen  it  before.  On  account  of  its  great  bulk  the  senior  author  was 
unable  to  take  the  fish  as  a  whole,  l:)ut  only  those  parts  which  uyxm  the  plate  are 
delineated  in  detail.  The  white  parts  of  this  figure  were  left  behind  to  be  sold  by 
the  dealer. 


JORDAN'    AXD    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  37 

Family    LXVII.     (WRAXGID.E    (Cavallas). 

The  tr()])i('al  species  of  tliis  family  are  widely  spread  and  very  closely  related 
among  themselves.  Our  collections  from  Hawaii  have  been  sent  to  Mr.  Jolin  T. 
Nichols  of  ihv  American  .Museum  of  Xatui'al  Ilistoi-y  to  be  used  in  a  i)roposed 
monograph  of  the  group.  The  i)resent  list  is  therefore  tentative,  based  mainly 
on  the  account  gi\-en  by  Jordan  and  Evermann,  and  liable  after  revision  to  undergo 
considerable  change.  A  few  indications  given  in  a  letter  from  Air.  Xichols  are 
here  acce[)ted,  as  also  the  identification  of  (\miu.v  hixdidhopU rus  made  in  an  un- 
publish(Hl  ])aper  by  Yosiro  Wakiya. 

ScoMBERoiDES  Lacepede  ( Leather-jackets). 
'!?,?).  Scomberoides  tolooparah  (Riippell).     Lac.     (J.   A:  1^1,  i).  180.) 

The  species  doubtfully  listed  under  this  name  is  common  at  Honolulu. 

234.  Scomberoides  sancti-petri  (Cuvier  and  ^'alenciennes).     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  181.) 
Xot  common;   the  identification  uncertain. 

Xaucrates  Rafines(jue. 

235.  Naucrates  ductor  (Lacepede).     (J.   &  E.,  j).  182.) 

Very  rare.  The  Pacific  form,  A^a;/cra^e.s  indicu.s  (Lesson),  needs  comjmrison 
with  the  pelagic  form  from  the  Atlantic. 

Reriola  (  uvier  (Amber-fishes). 

236.  Seriola  purpurascens  Temminck  and  Schlegel.      Kahdla;  Pdakahdia.     (J.    ct 
E.,  p.  183.) 

Supposed  to  be  identical  with  the  Japanese  species. 

237.  Seriola  sparna  Jenkins.      Kahulanpio.     (J.   &  E.,  j).  184.) 

Rare.  One  large  specimen  was  seen  in  the  market.  It  may  be  the  same  as 
Seriola  quinqueradi(dit  of  Ja])an.  Color  plain,  without  lateral  stripes,  and  the  fins 
rather  low. 

Elagatis  Bennett   (Runners). 

(Irex  Valenciennes. ) 

238.  Elagatis  bipinnatulus  (Quo\- and  Gaimard).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  185.) 

One  fine  specimen  taken  by  us  in  Honolulu.  I  fail  to  find  that  the  Atlantic 
species,  E.  pinnatulus  (Poey),  differs  from  E.  hipinnatulus  of  the  Pacific. 

Decapterus  Bleeker. 

239.  Decapterus  pinnatulus  (Eydoux  and  Souleyet).     Opclii.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  186.) 
\e\-\  abundant  in  the  Honolulu  market  in  August.     It  is  sometimes  canned 

as  '"Sardines." 


38  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

240.  Decapterus  maruadsi  (Temminck  &  Schlegel). 

A  large  sp(>ci(\s  of  Decapterus  is  represented  by  two  examples  in  our  (collection 
from  Honolulu.  It  has  been  sent  to  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  to 
b(>  studied  by  Mr.  Nichols,  who  regards  it  as  identical  with  D.  maruadsi  of  Japan. 
The  lower  jaw  with  Aory  weak  teeth,  mouth  otherwise  toothless.  Length  eighteen 
inches. 

Selar  Bleeker. 

(Trachurops  Gill) 
The  genus  Selar  was  based  ujion  A^arious  slender  species  belonging  to  Trachurus, 
Trachurops,  and  Atule  of  oth(>r  writers.     The  first  logotyi)e,  chosen  by  Jordan 
and  Evermann,  was  Caranx  hoops  Bleek(>r.     According  to  Fowler  this  is  a  species 
of  Trachurops.     SeJar  nmst  thtn-efore  rejilace  the  latter  name. 

241.  Selar  mauritianus  (C^uoy  and  (Jaimard).     Akulc;    Halalalu. 

Trachurops  crumenophthahna  of  authors;  probably  not  the  same  as  the  latter, 
which  is  an  Atlantic  species. 

Atttle  gen.  no  v.     Jordan  and  Jordan. 

T}i)e:    Caranx  affinis  Riippell. 

This  genus  has  the  form  of  Selar  {Trachurops).  Elongate,  the  back  low, 
without  the  peculiar  notching  of  the  shoulder-girdle  distinctive  of  that  genus,  and 
with  the  last  ray  of  the  dorsal  and  of  the  anal  semi-detached,  joined  by  a  low 
membrane  to  the  rest  of  the  fin.  Like  Selar  and  Caranx  it  has  bony  plates  only 
on  the  straight  posterior  part  of  the  lateral  line.  Teeth  in  jaws  slender,  small; 
A'omer,  palatines,  and  tongue  with  minute  teeth.  Atule  [Akule  in  Hawaii)  is  the 
common  name  of  fishes  of  this  type  in  Polynesia. 

242.  Atule  lundini  (Jordan  &  Seale).     Amuka:   Puakahdla.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  195.) 

f  Caranx  a_(linls  Ruppell,  Neue  Wirbelthiere,  1838,  p.  49,  pi.  XIV,  fig.  1.  Red 
Sea. 

f  Selar  hasselti  Bleeker, \'erh.  Batav.  Genootsch. ,  XXIV,  1852,  p.  53.    Moluccas. 

Decapterus  lundini  Jordan  and  Seale,  "Fishes  of  Samoa,"  190G,  p.  229.     Apia. 

Very  common  at  Honolulu.  Mr.  Nichols  finds  tangible  difYerences  between 
the  form  in  Hawaii  and  Samoa  and  the  African  affinis.  He  regards  A.  lundini  as 
a  subspecies  of  .4.  affinis,  of  which  hasselti  is  a  synonym. 

243.  Atuie  polita  (Jenkins).     Maka.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  194.) 

A  rare  sjiecies  at  Honolulu,  probably  referable  to  this  genus,  though  deeper  in 
body  than  the  type. 


JOHOAX    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  39 

Caranx  Lacepede. 
( T)-icr()j)frrus  Rafiuesque ;    Cava ngirs  ( Jirartl.) 
Under  this  iianic  we  include  the  Carangoid  hslies  with  the  teetli  in  the  jaws. 
not  in  villiforin  bands,  teeth  on  vomer  and  palatines;   back  more  or  less  elevated, 
l)ut  not  excessively  so.  and  none  of  the  dorsal  spines  filamentous.     The  group  has 
been  further  subdivided  b>-  authors,  but  not  very  successfully.     The  proper  logo- 
t3^)e  of  Caranx  is  yet  to  be  determined. 

244.  Caranx  ignobilis  (Forskal).     Pauu'u.     (J.   cV:  E..  p.  188.) 
Caranyus  hippoldes  Jenkins. 

This  common  and  widely  diffused  species  corresponds  to  Cantnx  liijjpos  of  the 
Atlantic.  It  is  known  from  related  species  by  the  presence  of  a  small  patch  of 
scales  on  the  otherwise  naked  breast. 

245.  Caranx  rhabdotus  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  193.) 
Carangu.s  rhabdotus  J(>nkins. 

A  small  deep-bodied  species,  marked  by  dark  cross-bars.  Anal  fin  yellow. 
It  ascends  into  fresh  waters.  It  has  hitherto,  perhaixs  correctly,  been  identified  as 
Caranx  fiexfasciatKH  (Juoy  andGaimard. 

246.  Caranx  melampygus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.     Ulna.     (J.  &  E.,  p. 191.). 
Caranx  bixanthoplerus  Ruppell. 

Caranx  j or steri  Jordan  and  Evermann,  non  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 

This  species,  distinguished  from  C.  ignobilis  ])y  the  scaly  breast,  is  one  of  the 
most  abundant  and  valued  food-fishes  of  Hawaii.  Ther(\  as  elsewhere  throughout 
the  South  Seas,  it  is  known  as  Vlua.  It  corresponds  to  ( 'arnnx  hdus  of  the  Atlantic. 
Pectoral  fin  bright  yellow  in  life,  anal  dusky.  It  has  been  wrongly  identified  with 
C.forsteri  (\  &  V.,  a  species  with  fewer  fin-rays.  \\'akiAa  regards  C.  bixanfJinp- 
tcrus  as  the  same  species.     C.  Jicberi  has  fewer  fin-rays. 

In  the  original  descrii)tion  of  this  species  it  is  said:  (V  poisson  parait  d'ailleurs 
avoir  ete  argente,  et  t(>int  v(>rs  le  dos  d'un  plombe  verdatre;  Les  d(>ux  pointes  de 
ses  nageoires  .sont  noiratres,  mais  celle  de  I'anale  plus  ({ue  I'autre." 

All  this  applies  perfectly  to  the  Ulua,  but  the  dusky  '•<)niihr"  with  the  sides 
sprinkled  with  small  l)lack  points,  could  never  have  b(>en  described  in  this  way. 
Both  the  Vina  and  the  Omilu  ha\e  dorsal  rays  in  incicased  number — D.  I.  23  or 
24;  A.  I.  19  or  20.  The  Vlua  is  known  in  life  b\-  its  dusky  anal  (hence  nielatn- 
pygus)  and  its  bright  yellow  pectoral. 
247.  Caranx  marginatus  Gill.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  191.) 

This  species  is  very  close  to  Caranx  for  steri,  but  apparently  distinct. 


40  MEMOIRS    OF    THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

248.  Caranx  elacate  (Jordan  and  Everniann).     (J.   &  E.,  j).  190.) 
Only  tlic  typo  is  as  yet  known. 

249.  Caranx  stellatus  (^uoy  &  (laimard.     Onnlii:  Oniilimilu.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  192.) 
Caranx- ynelampyy us   Ciunth(>r   and  "recent   authors  f^cnerallv  (not  C.  melam- 

pygus  of  Ctivier  and  N'alcnciennes). 

Caranx  pundattts  Cinier  and  "\'alencienncs  (name  preoccupied). 

Caranx  caruleopinnatus  Cuvier  and  A'alencicnnes  (not  of  Ruppell). 

A  stajjle  food-fish,  not  inferior  to  the  Ulna  and  r(>aching  a  much  larger  size 
Sjiecimens  seen  in  the  market  at  Hilo  were  five  feet  long.  It  is  known  by  its  dusky 
coloration,  the  back  and  sides  usually  with  scattered  small  black  spots.  This 
species  is  rather  common  at  Honolulu,  and  is  readily  known  by  the  traits  men- 
tioned above. 
2r)0.  Caranx  thompsoni  Scale. 

(Jordan  and  Everniann,  "Fishes  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,"  Addenda,  p.  535.) 

Honolulu.     Only  the  type  known. 

251.  Caranx  dasson  Jordan  and  Snyder. ' 
Only  the  type  known. 

Uraspis  Bleeker. 

(Selenia  Bonaparte,  Cat.  ]Method.,  1843,  p.  75.  Type  Caranx  lima  St.  Hilaire 
=  Scomber  guara  Bonnaterre;  Uraspis  Bleeker,  Amboyna.  ^^  1855,  p.  418  (caran- 
goides).     The  name  Selenia  is  preoccujiied. 

Teeth  in  the  jaws  veiy  small,  in  one  or  two  series,  none  on  vomer  or  i)alatines. 

252.  Uraspis  helvolus  (Forster).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  196.) 

A  very  rare  species,  taken  only  once  at  Honolulu. 

253.  Uraspis  cheilio  (Snyder).     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  196.). 

A  peculiar  species  with  depressed  head,  elevated  back,  and  thick  lips.  De- 
scribed from  a  single  large  specimen.  A  second  was  obtained  l)y  us  in  the  Hono- 
lulu market. 

Carangoides  Bleeker. 
We  retain  this  name  for  species  with  small  teeth  in  villiform  bands  in  the 
jaws  and  on  vomer  and  palatines. 

254.  Carangoides  jordani  sp.  nov.  Nichols  (MS).     Omilu. 

We  adopt  the  name  proposed  by  Nichols  for  this  common  Hawaiian  species, 
hitherto,  l)vit  certainly  wrongly,  identified  with  C.  ferdau  of  the  Red  Sea. 

255.  Carangoides  gymnostethoides  Blocker.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  199.) 
Not  seen  bv  us. 


JORDAN    AXD    .TORDAX:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  41 

2n(').  Carangoides  evermanni  Nichols. 

One  sj^ecinieii  ])laf('<l  in  tlic  hands  of  Mi'.  Xicliols.  who  rctiards  tlio  Hawaiian 
form  as  a  subsix'cics  of  th(>  i)r(H'eding. 

257.  Carangoides  ajax  Snyder.     (J.   &:  E.,  p.  200.) 

A  huge  lish  of  i)e('uHar  form,  notable  for  the  small  nuinl)er  of  its  fin-rays. 
Taken  but  onee  in  Honolulu. 

Alectis  Rafinesque. 

258.  Alectis  ciliaris  fBIoelO.      I'lua  kihikilu.     (J.   &  E..  ]^.  200.) 
Xot  rare. 

259.  Alectis  indicus  iliiippell). 

A  huge  exami)le,  over  two  feet  long,  looking  different  from  the  small  ones 
called  ciliaris,  was  taken  in  the  market.  The  relation  of  these  two  forms  is  yet 
to  be  established. 

(JxATHANODON  Bleeker. 
Jaws  toothless;  small  teeth  on  tongtie. 

260.  Gnathanodon  speciosus  (Forskal).     Pdopdo;    Hud  /xniii.     (J.  it  E.,  p.  197.) 
Common  in  the  markets  of  Honolulu,  as  well  as  througiiout  the  South  Seas. 

Family    I.XVIIT.     KUHLIID.E    (Seseles). 

KUHLIA   Gill. 

(Moronopsis  Gill;   Boulenycriiia  Fowler,  Proc.  Ac.  Xat.  Sei.  Phila.,  190(3,  p.  572. 

Type  Dulcs  tiuito  Le.sson  =  Dules  innlo  ( 'uv.   i^  \'al.) 

§  Kuhlia. 
2()1.  Kuhlia  male  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).     Aholclinlc.     (J.   it  E..  i).  207.) 

Common  in  all  running  streams  and  descending  to  estuaries.  The  Hawaiian 
fish,  called  sandvicensis  by  Steindachner,  needs  further  comi)arison  with  the  original 
malo  from  Tahiti.  Although  the  name  Dules  mato  of  Lesson,  1S30,  has  apparent 
priority  over  Dulcs  nuilo  of  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  nevertheless  the  fact  that 
Lesson  quotes  the  latter  in  synonymy  with  the  correct  ])age  shows  that  his  report 
on  the  Voyage  de  la  Co(|uille  is  later  in  dat(>  than  \'ol.  \TI  of  tlic  Histoirc  dcs 
Poisso7is.  The  reference  to  Boulcnycrina  on  p.  507  of  Jordan's  '"Genera  of  Fi.shes" 
is  erroneous,  and  should  be  cancelled. 

§§  Safole  Jordan. 
(Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  1912,  p.  G55.     Type  Dules  ta'niunis  Ctiv.   &  Yal.) 


42  MEMOIRS    OF   THK  .CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

262.  Kuhlia  taeniura  (("uvicr  and  Nalcncionnos).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  208.) 

Known  from  Johnston  T.sland,  soutli  of  Hawaii.  Common  about  lava-rocks 
in  the  South  Soas;  strictly  marine.  KidiUa  urge  Jordan  and  Bollman  From  the 
Galai)agos  is  jjrohahly  the  same. 

Family    LXIX.     APOGOXIDJ/    fCardinal-fishrs). 
Pristiapogon  Klunzinger. 
Both  limits  of  ])rcopcrclc  serrate;   gill-rakers  numerous;   dorsal  sjtines  usually 
seven;  scales  large;  caudal  fin  lunate. 

263.  Pristiapogon  menesemus  I  Jenkins).      ('pajxilii.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  215.) 
Common  about  the  reefs. 

264.  Pristiapogon  snyderi  (Jordan  and  Evermann).     (J.   ct  E.,  j).  214.) 
Apogon  frenatus  Giinther,  non  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 
Common  about  Hawaii. 

265.  Pristiapogon  erythrinus  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  217.) 
Rare  about  the  reefs. 

Apogon  Lacepede. 
{Amia  Gronow,  1763,  not  binomial.     Not  Amia  Linna?us,  1766.) 

§  OsTORHYNCHUs  Lacepede. 
Like  Apogon  proper,  but  with  seven  or  eight  dorsal  spines,  instead  of  six; 
preopercle  serrate  on  the  posterior  limb  only;    lateral  line  complete;   scales  large 
(about  twenty-five);   teeth  on  ])alatines;  gill-rakers  numerous;   caudal  fin  more  or 
less  lunate,  not  convex. 

266.  Apogon  maculiferus  Garrett.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  212.) 
A  handsome  little  fish,  common  behind  the  reefs. 

Lepidamia  Gill. 

267.  Lepidamia  evermanni  T Jordan  &  Snyder).     (J.   &  E..  j).  213.) 
(Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVin,  1905,  p.  123.) 

One  specimen  known  from  Honolulu. 

FoA  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

268.  Foa  brachygramma  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  211.) 
Scarce,  on  the  reefs. 

''We  may  I'ctain  the  name  Ajxigon  until  (lie  question  of  the  ailoi>tion  of  (Jrouow's  non-binomial 
names,  not  validate. 1  ijy  Seopoli  in  1777.  is  finally  settled. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  43 

Apogonichthys  BIcekor. 
Preoperclc   entire:     lateral    liiu>    complete;     teetli    on    palatines;     gill-rakers 
numerous;  caudal  lunate. 

269.  Apogonichthys  waikiki  (Jordan  and  Evermann).     (J.   &  E..  p.  210.) 
A  rare  little  fish,  found  on  the  reefs. 

Synagrops  Gunther. 
{Mrlano.<itoina  Steindachner  and  Doderlein.     Preoccu])icd.) 

270.  Synagrops   argyrea    (Gilbert   and   Cramer).      (J.  ct  E.,  i).  218;    G..  p.  G18.) 
Deep  sea.     Rare. 

Note. 

The  genera  or  subgenera  allied  to  Apo(/on,  some  of  them  of  (luestionable 
value,  are  provisionally  diagnosed  in  the  following  key: 

a.  Jaws  without  distinct  canine  teeth. 

b.  Anal  fin  long,  its  rays  about  II,  10;    preopercle  entire;    dorsal  spines  six;    scales  large,  about 

twenty-five;  cauilal  fin  forked  (bleekcri) Abchamia  (iill. 

bb.  Anal  fin  short,  its  rays  usually  II,  8. 

c.   Preopercle  distinctly  serrate  on  one  or  both  limbs. 
d.  Caudal  fin  lunate  or  forked. 

f.   Preopercle  distinctly  serrate  on  both  limbs;    d(jrsal  spines  seven  (fniuiliis). 

Pristiatogon. 
ee.  Preopercle  serrate  on  posterior  limb  only. 
/.  V(.imer  and  palatines  with  teeth. 

g.  Scales  large,  about  twenty-five. 

/(.   Dorsal  spines  six  (/■/ififc);  (.4 w/"  (ircmow:   MoiioprKDi  Poey). 

Apogon. 
///(.   Dorsal  spines  seven  or  eight  (Jlviirirui) .  .    Ostokhynchus  Lacepede. 
Hy.  Scales  small,  tliirty-five  to  fifty;  dorsal  spines  six  {kdlosoina). 

Lepidamia  (iill. 

ff.  Vomer  and  palatines  tootlJess  (parvula) Brephamia'"  Jordan. 

dd.  Caudal  fin  convex,  it.s  peduncle  rather  long;   scales  large;   dorsal  spines  six  (fiisra). 

Nectamia  Jordan. 
cc.  Preoi)erclc  rigidly  entire  on  both  limbs. 
('.  Caudal  fin  rounded. 

j.   Dorsal  fins  not  connected  at  base. 
k.   Palatines  with  teeth. 

/.    Lateral  line  (complete. 

m.  Clill-rakers  few  and  small,  abiuit  six;   profile  l)efcire  dorsal  S-siiaped, 
concave  above  eye;  dorsal  s])ines  six. 
n.  Scales  small,  about  forty:   tongue  with  small  teeth  (d/irinn). 

Clossamia   Ciil. 

»  Brephamia  gen.  nov.,  Jordan.     Tyjie  Amia  paruida  Radclille.      Difleriug  from  Apogon  in  having 
no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines. 


44  MEMOIRS   OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

7in.  Scales  large,  tweiity-fivc  to  thirty-one  {lunatus). 

MiONORUs  Krcfft. 
mm.  Ciill-rakcrs    luiiiicrous,    twelve   to    fourteen:     jjrofile    even;     dorsal 
spines  seven. 
o.  Scales  small,  about  forty-five  {paudioiiis). 

Xystka.mi.v  .Jordan. 
00.  Scales  large,  about  twenty-five  (perdix). 

.Vi'ocoNicirrnYS  Hleeker. 
//.   Lateral  lin(>  incomplete,  imperfect  or  wanting  on  caudal  peduncle,     (lill- 
rakers  numerous;  dorsal  spines  seven  (hrachi/gramma). 

F().\  Jordan  &  Eveniumn. 
kk.  Palatines   \vitl19ut   teeth;    lateral   line  incomplete;    gill-rakers  few,  short;    a 
large  black  ocellus  on  ojjercle  (inirita) ...    F(iwleri.\  Jordan  &  Evermann. 
jj.   Dorsal  fins  joined  at  base;    dorsal  sjiines  eight  (oiinspina). 

Xe.\mi.\  Smith  it  Railciiffe. 
ii.  Caudal  fin  lunate  cir  forked;   scales  large;    gill-rakers  long  and  slender. 

p.   Lower  teeth  not  enlarged;    body  nuich  compressed,  the  back  elevated;    dorsal 

spines  produced   (grci'jji) Zor.\mi.\  Jordan. 

p]).  Lower  teeth  enlarged;    body  not  greatly  compressed;    dorsal  spines  .si.v,  not  pro- 
duced (rlupeoideK) Rh.\bd.\mi.\  Weber. 

aa.  Canine  teeth  present ;    teeth  on  jialatines;   anal  fin  short,  its  rays  II,  S;   lateral  line  complete;   scales 
large,  about  twenty-five;  caudal  lunate. 

ij.  Preoi)ercle  entire;  dorsal  spines  six;  liody  rather  elongate  {lineatun) .  .  Cheilodipterus  Lacepcde. 
f/q.   Preopercle  more  or  less  serrate;   dorsal  spines  more  than  six. 

r.  Scales  cycloid;   dorsal  spines  about  nine;   gill-rakers  numerous,  about  twelve. 

.?.   Dorsal  spines  smooth;   body  more  or  less  compressed  (japonicn) .  .St.\.\grops  Giinther. 

.s.s.  Dorsal  spines  anteriorly  serrate  (><erralospinu.sa) M.\ccullochix.\''  Jordan. 

/■)•.  Scales  ctenoid;   dorsal  spines  seven. 

/.  Lateral  line  anteriorly  with  a  conspicuous  row  of  enlarged  tubules;   gill-rakers  few  and 

short  {luhifera) Siph.\mi.\  Weber. 

tt.  Lateral  line  without  enlarged  tubules;   gill-rakers  numerous  (gro.ssidens). 

.\mioid?:s  Smith  it  Radcliflfe. 

Hyxxodus  Gilbert. 
271.  Hynnodus  atherinoides  Gilbert.     (C!..  p.  618.) 
Deep  sea.     Two  .si^ecimens  from  Pailolo  Channel. 

ScEPTERiAs'  gen.  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan. 

Type  Scepttria.'^  fragilt-s  Jordan  and  Jordan.     [Vide  infra.) 

Allied  to  Epigonus  Rafinesque  and  Hynnodus  Gilbert. 

Body  elongate,  fragile,  not  so  slender  as  in  Hynnodus,  but  more  so  than  in 

^  AL\cc'ULi,ocniN.\  genux  novum.  Type  Si/iiogrop.s  xenato.'ipino.m  Radcliffe,  distinguished  from  Syna- 
gropa  l)y  the  serrated  dorsal  s|)ines.  The  name  is  proposed  in  honor  of  !Mr.  .\llan  Riverston  McCulloch 
of  the  -Australian  Museum,  one  of  the  most  accurate  workers  in  systematic  ichthyology  now  living. 

'  From  oKiirTtpids  =  open-eyed,  sceptical. 


JORDAN"    AND    .TORDAX  :    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  45 

Epigonus;  tho  inoutli  larii'cr  and  the  fins  hijjhor;  teeth  small,  subccnial:  prc- 
orbital  narrow:  maxillary  narrow,  naked,  not  slijiiiinji;  under  ])reorbital;  pores  of 
lateral  line  simjile;  a  weak  si)ine  on  opercle.  head  otherwise  unarmed:  dorsal  fins 
well  se])arated.  the  first  of  seven  slender  spines,  the  second  shoit.  rather  liiiih, 
nearly  opposite  anal:  anal  with  two  feeble  spines;  caudal  dee])ly  forked;  ven- 
trals  below  ])ectorals:  both  fins  rather  Ion"':  ventral  ra>s  1,  "i.  Scales  modcn'ate, 
caducous. 

This  genus  differs  from  Hynnodus  in  the  deeper  body,  smaller  scales,  and 
hio'her  fins.  Both  genera  are  plainly  allied  to  Epigonus  Rafinesque  of  the  Mediter- 
I'anean.  and  should  constitute  a  subfamily.  Epigoniua-.  within  the  Apogonichv. 

272.  Scepterias  fragilis  sp.  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan.     (PI.  II,  fig.  2.) 

Type  Xo.  3900  Carnegie  INIuseum.     Honolulu.     Coll.  D.  S.  Jordan. 

Head  3.33  in  length;  depth  4.75:  eye  2.5  in  head:  snout  5.33;  maxillary  2; 
dorsal  rays  VII.  1.  10:   anal  rays  II.  9;   scales  3-54-10. 

Body  elongate,  the  outlines  relatively  straight  and  jiarallel:  head  rather 
broad  above,  the  jirofile  even:  mouth  rather  large,  terminal,  oblique:  jaws 
equal;  maxillary  narrow,  naked,  reaching  nearly  to  middle  of  pupil,  the  tij:)  not 
slipping  under  the  narrow  preorbital;  a  row  of  small  subeciual  teeth  in  each  jaw, 
a  patch  on  vomer,  no  teeth  on  palatines;  preopercle  entire,  the  rounded  angle 
somewhat  produced:  cheeks  scaly;  opercle  scaly.  (>nding  in  a  short  weak  spine  ; 
giU-rakers  .r'^  + 14.  rather  long  and  very  slender,  about  lialf  diameter  of  eye :  pseudo- 
branchise  large.  Scales  moderate,  thin,  readily  falling:  lateral  line  well  developed, 
with  large  pores,  concurrent  with  back,  extending  on  caudal  fin.  Dorsal  spines 
slender,  the  third  rather  the  longest,  a  little  more  than  half  the  head,  first  .<i)ine 
moderate,  one-third  length  of  the  longest.  Interspace  between  dorsals  about  one- 
tWrd  head;  .second  dorsal  higher  than  long,  its  first  ray  two-thirds  head:  caudal 
deeply  forked,  its  lobes  equal,  pointed,  two-thirds  head:  anal  high,  similar  to  soft 
dorsal,  but  inserted  a  little  farther  back;  pectoral  pointed,  reaching  front  of  soft 
dor.sal,  1.33  in  head:  ventrals  inserted  just  below  ]iectorals,  2  in  head.  Substance 
soft  and  fragile. 

Color  plain  dusky,  paler  below,  without  markings:  scales  with  fine  punctula- 
tions,  inside  of  gill-cavity  black.     Length  of  type  4.(3  inches. 

Four  specimens  were  found  in  the  Honolulu  market,  apparently  spewings  of 
some  large. fish,  ]ierhaps  Epinephdus  or  Efelis. 

*The  letter  .r  indicates  tiiat  the  miiiiher  i?;  uncertain  and  not  easily  counted,  as  tliey  dwindle  in- 
to rudiments  aliove. 


4()  MEMOlliS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Family   LXX.     SERRANIDyE   (Sea-bass). 
PiKEA  Hteindachner. 

273.  Pikea  aurora  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  220.) 
A  raro  and  very  liaiidsome  species. 

Cephalopholts  l^loch  and  Schneider. 

274.  Cephalopholis  argus  Bloch  and  Schneider.     (J.   &  E.,  ]i.  221.) 

A  conunon  tish  in  tlie  South  Seas,  recorded  but  once  from  Hawaii  by  Quoy 
and  CJaimard,  and  therefore  perhaps  doubtfully. 

Epinephelus  Bloch. 
This  genus,  abundant  in  both  the  East  and  West  Indies,  is  very  scantily 
represented  in  Hawaii. 

275.  Epinephelus  quernus  Scale.      Hapu'ii  pu'ii.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  223.) 
This  large  fish  is  now  rather  common  in  the  markets  of  Hawaii. 

Odontanthias  Bleeker. 
Of  the  Serrnnince  none  at  all  are  fovmd  in  the  waters  of  Hawaii.     The  Anthiine 
forms  are,  however,  well  represented. 

276.  Odontanthias  fuscipinnis  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  225.) 
Rather  common  at  moderate  depths. 

PsEUDANTHiAS  Bleeker. 

277.  Pseudanthias  kelloggi  (Jordan  and  Evermann).     (J.  &  E.,  p.  226.) 
Rare;  found  in  rather  deep  water. 

Rhyacanthias  Jordan. 
(Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  1921,  ]).  647.) 

278.  Rhyacanthias  carlsmithi  Jordan. 


Fig.  3.     Rhyacanthiatt  cnrlxmithi  Jordan.     (Reproduced  fmm  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  \'oI.  ."lO,  1921,  p.  647.) 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  47 

From  dec]i  water,  off  the  southwestern  coast  of  Hawaii.  Tlie  type  killed  by 
a  lava-flow  from  Maiaui  Loa. 

Grammatonotus  Gilbert. 

279.  Grammatonotus  laysanus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  619.) 
Dee]i  water,  off  Laysan. 

Family    LXXI.     PRIACANTHID.E    (Catalufas). 
Priacanthus  Cuvier. 

280.  Priacanthus  alalaua  Jordan  and  Evermann.     Ahihnid.     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  228.) 
Rather  searee. 

281.  Priacanthus  cruentatus  (Lacepede).     Awcoweo.     (J.   &E.,p.  229.) 

Very  abundant.  The  Pacific  form.  Pritiniiithus  caroJinus  Lesson,  needs 
further  comparison  with  the  West  Indian  P.  cruentatus  with  which  we  have  hitherto 
identified  it. 

282.  Priacanthus  meeki  Jordan  and  Evermann.      Vlalauau.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  231.) 
Abundant.     A   food-fish   of  some   im]iortance.     Near    Priunmfhu.s   Jidniruhr 

Forskal  of  the  Red  Sea. 

Family   LXXH.     EMMELICHTHYID.E. 

Erythrocles  Jordan. 
{ Ernthn'chtln/s  Temminck  and  Schlegel,  name  preoccupied.) 

283.  Erythrocles  scintillans  Jordan  and  Thompson.     (Proc.  U.  8.  N.  AI.,  XLI, 
1912,  p.  599.)     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  245.) 

Rather  scarce.  This  Ix-autiful  fish  differs  somewhat  from  its  Japanese  con- 
gener, Erythrocles  schlegeli.  The  genus  Erythrocles  is  clos(>  to  EnnncHchthys  Richard- 
son, but  probably  distinct.  Boaxodon  cyanescens  from  ( 'hile,  having  a  broad  scaly 
maxillaiy,  is  closely  related,  but  Inermia  vittata  from  the  West  Indies  and  Diptery- 
gonotus  leucogranimicus  from  the  East  Indies  cannot  b(>  ])laced  in  tlie  same  family, 
having  the  maxillary  narrow  and  naked. 

Family   LXXIII.     HI8TI0PTERID.E. 

HiSTioPTERUs  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

284.  Histiopterus  typus  Bleeker. 

A  cast  of  a  fine  specimen  of  this  large  fish,  otherwise  only  known  from  Japan, 
is  in  the  Bishop  Museum. 


48  MEMOIRS    OF    THK    CAI{\E(ilE    MUSEUM. 

Family   T.XXR'.     LUTIANID.E   (Snai)i)ers). 

All  the  Hawaiian  species  of  this  fatnily  heloiii^-  to  the  aberrant  grouj)  of  Etelinw, 
distinfi'iiished  in  several  ways  tVom  llie  typical  members  of  the  family,  but  es- 
pecially by  the  sealeless  doi'sal  and  anal  fins;  and  most  of  them  by  th(>  broad 
flatfish  ci'anium. 

RoosEYELTiA  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

In  this  sonus  the  body  is  relatively  deep,  the  canines  strong,  the  tongue  tooth- 
less, and  th(>  pectoral  falcate.  Tlu>  ty])ical  sjiecies  was  at  first  referred  to  Serranus 
Ciivier,  to  which  genus  it  b(>ars  little  resemblance,  and  afterwards  to  Apsilus 
Cuvier,  to  which  it  is  closely  related. 

285.  Rooseveltia  brighami  (Scale).      r/,/7,//,/;    Kalibili.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  233.) 
This  beautiful  fish,  one  of  the  handsomc^st  found  in  Hawaii,  light  crimson  in 

color,  marked  with  three  broad  goklen  ci'oss-liands,  is  now  common  in  the  markets, 
as  the  Japanese  fisheniKMi  ojjerate  in  de(>])er  wat(n'  than  the  Hawaiians,  whom  as 
fishermen  they  have  now  succeeded. 

286.  Rooseveltia  aloha  Jordan  and  Snyder. 
Known  only  from  the  original  tyi)e. 

Pristipomoides  Bleeker. 
(  Pldtyiiiius  (!ill  {rord.r  =  niacroplitlKilitiiis);    Bowcr.sia  Jordan  &  Evermann.) 

We  are  unable  to  sei)arat(^  tlu^  Hawaiian  s])ecies,  called  Bowcrsia,  from  the 
East  Indian  genus  Pristipomoides.  The  only  difference  of  any  importance  is  in 
the  slenderer  body  of  the  Hawaiian  sjiecies.  The  West  Indian  form  called  Platyinius 
is  efiually  close,  the  body  being  a  little  deeper  than  in  either  of  the  others.  Pristi- 
pomoides spanis  and  P.  microlepis  seem  to  be  genuine  members  of  this  genus. 

Sparopsis  Kner,  ref(^n-ed  to  the  synonymy  of  Pristipomoides  \)\  Bleeker, 
belongs  to  the  Denticinxe  and  to  the  genus  or  subgenus  Synagris  {Anemura  Fowler) 
allied  to  Nemipterus.  Pristipomoides  has  canines  in  both  jaws ;  no  filamentous  spines ; 
no  teeth  on  tongue;  last  ray  of  dorsal  and  of  anal  elongate;  pectoral  long,  falcate; 
scales  relatively  large,  about  sixty.  This  genus  and  the  next  are  ofl"shoots  from 
Aprion,  to  which  both  are  closely  r(>lated.  The  account  of  the  teeth  of  Bowersia 
violescens  by  Jordan  and  Evermann  is  not  correct,  as  the  tongue  is  toothless. 

287.  Pristipomoides  violescens  (Jordan  and  Evermann).     OpoJmpuka.     (J.    &  E., 
pp.  234,  236.) 

Apsilus  tnierodon,  as  described  by  Jordan  and  Evermann,  is  the  j'oung  of  this 
species.     Steindachner's  fish  was,  howevei',   Ulaula  sieboldi. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  49 

IIlai-la  Jordan  and  Thom])son. 

(Jordan  and  Tlionipson,  Proc.  U.  8.  X.  M.,  XXXIX,  1911,  p.  439.  Type 
Bowersia  idauhi  Joi-dan  and  Evcrmann  =  Cha'topterus  sieboldi  Bleeker,  the  name 
Chcetopterus  preoccupied.) 

In  this  group,  or  suhj>;('nus,  there  are  no  canines;  tongue  with  small  teeth; 
pectoral  falcate;  mouth  small.  The  nanu^  Vlaula,  meaning  "very  red,"  lielongs 
properly  to  Etclis  evurus. 

288.  Ulaula  sieboldi  (Rlecker).     Kod'e.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  237.) 
(Aprion  inicrodon  Hteindachner.) 

This,  like  the  preceding  and  the  next  two  species,  is  a  common  food-fish  of 

Hawaii,  and,  having  the  same  olive-gray  color  with  liurjilish  reflections,  they  are 

often  confused  in  the  markets.     We  are  not  able  to  distinguish  the  HaAvaiian  form 

U.  inicrodon  ( St eindachner)  from  Japanese  specimens  of  U.  sieboldi  =  CIuetopkTu.'i 

dubiits  Glinther. 

Aprion  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 

Canines  present;  no  teeth  on  tongue;  pectorals  very  shoi-t;  body  elongate; 
scales  large.  The  synonymy  of  this  genus,  as  given  l\v  Jordan  and  Evermann, 
contains  several  errors. 

289.  Aprion  virescens  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.      Uku.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  239.) 

This  species,  one  of  the  most  abundant  and  highly  valued  of  the  Hawaiian 
food-fishes,  reaches  a  much  larger  size  than  the  three  just  mentioned,  attaining  a 
length  of  three  feet  or  more. 

Etelints  Jordan  and  Thompson. 

(Jordan  and  Thompson,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXIX,  1911.     Type  Etelis 

marshi  Jenkins.) 

This  genus  has  the  notched  dorsal  and  crimson  colors  of  Etelifi  with  the  general 
form  and  dentition  of  Pristipomoides.  The  resemblance  of  the  genus  to  the  Japan- 
ese Doderleinia  is  extremely  close,  although  the  latter,  having  a  broad  scaly  maxil- 
lary, not  slipping  under  the  prcorbital,  must  be  placed  in  a  different  family  in  or 
near  the  Sei'ranidce. 

290.  Etelinus  marshi  (Jenkins.)     Claula.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  240.) 
A  common  ancl,  valued  food-fish. 

Etelis  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 
Body  elongate;  dorsal  deeply  notched;  caudal  broadly  forked;  pectoral  rather 
short;  canines  present;  no  teeth  on  tongue.     Color  deeji  crimson. 


50  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

291.  Etelis  evurus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     Ulaula.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  242.) 

This  superb  species,  reaching  a  length  of  thre(>  feet,  is  now  common  in  the 

markets,  being  taken  in  rather  deep  water.     It  is  close  to  the  West  Indian  Etelis 

oculatus  and  needs  further  comparison  with  Etelis  carhuncidus  of  the  lie  de  France. 
The  genera  of  the   Etelime  have  been  much  confused  and  misunderstood. 

They  may  be  defined  as  follows : 

a.  Etelin/E.     Cranium  solid;    skeleton  firm;    dorsals  connected;    soft  dorsal  and  anal  scaleless;    last 
ray  of  dorsal  and  anal  more  or  le.s.s  produced;    scales  above  lateral  line  in  rows  parallel  with  the 
lateral  line. 
b.   Dorsal  fin  continuous,  not  deeply  notched  or  divided. 

c.  Cranium  not  flat  above,  much  as  in  Lutianus:   the  iuterorbital  area  not  separated  from  the 
occipital    region,    the    median    and    lateral    crests   procurrent    on   it;     frontal  narrowed 
anteriorly;  body  rather  deep. 
d.  Canines  none.     Tongue  with  small  teeth. 

('.  Pectoral  fins  very  short,  shorter  than  ventrals;  color  dull  olivaceous  (fuscus). 

Apsilus. 

ee.  Pectoral  fins  rather  long,  falcate  (macrophihalmus) Tropidinius. 

dd.  Canine  teeth  well  developed;   no  teeth  on  tongue;   skull  thick,  with  three  blunt  ridges 

separated  by  narrow  grooves;  color  red  and  golden  (brighinni) Rooseveltia. 

cc.  Cranium  flat  above,  much  as  in  Etcli.t;    the  iuterorbital  area  se|iarated  from  the  occipital 
region  by  a  transver.se  line  of  demarcation,  the  median  and  lateral  rrests  not  procurrent 
on  it;  frontal  broad  anteriorly. 
/.  Pectoral  fin  long,  falcate. 

g.  Canine  teeth  present;  no  teeth  on  tongue  (lypii-'i) Pristipomoides. 

gg.  Ciinine  teeth  obsolete;  tongue  with  a  patch  of  very  small  teeth  (sicholdi) .  .Ul.vul.\  . 
//.  Pectoral  fin  short,  not  falcate,  formed  as  in  Apsilus;    body  elongate;    preorbital  very 

broad  (viresccns) Apriox. 

66.   Dorsal  fin  divided  or  deeply  notched:   cranium  liroad,  flattish,  the  median  and  lateral  crests  not 
procurrent  on  it;  color  red. 
/).  MaxiDary  scaly;   body  elongate;   canines  strong. 

('.  Caudal  fin  moderately  forked;   gill-rakers  rather  few  (marshi) Etelinus. 

ii.  Caudal   fin   deeply   forked,    the   lobes   produced;    gill-r.-ikers   slender,   numerous   (car- 

hvncidus) Etelis. 

hh.   Alaxillary  naked;   body  compressed;   canines  none;   gill-rakers  slender  {aquilionnris). 

Etelides. 

aa.  Verilin.«.     Cranium  cavernous;    skeleton  soft;    form  not  elongate;    dorsal  divided  to  its  base; 

second  dorsal  scaly  at  base;  color  black;   deep-sea  forms  (sordidus) Verilus. 

The  Japanese  genus  Doderleinia  (Etelisc2ts  Jordan  and  Snyder)  must  stand 
very  near  to  the  Anthiiim\  The  genus  Verilus  Poey,  a  deep-sea  form,  black 
in  color,  with  cavernous  skull  and  soft  skeleton,  should  constitute  a  distinct  sub- 
family, Verilincc,  allied  to  the  Etelina-.  The  dorsal  fin  is  divided  into  two,  and  the 
second  dorsal  is  scaly  at  the  base. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES   OF   HAWAII.  ol 

Family-   LXXV.     APHAREID.E. 

This  family,  allied  to  th(>  Lutianidic  and  especially  to  the  EteUmi\  differs  in 
having  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines;  those  of  the  jaws  are  vei-y  small. 

Aphareus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 

292.  Aphareus  furcatus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.     (J.   &  E..  p.  235.) 
Aphareus  Jkirindtua  Jenkins. 

This  species  seems  to  be  widely  distributed.  Ijut  nowhere  common.  The 
t3iie  of  A.  flanvuUus  had  the  top  of  the  head  and  forehead  bright  yellow,  the  fish 
being  otherwise  dull  brownish  purple.  Our  specimens  do  not  show  the  yellow, 
which  fades  in  spirits. 

Family   LXXM.     SPARID-E   (Porgies). 
^loNOTAXis  Bennett. 
iSplmrodon  Giinther.) 

293.  Monotaxis  grandoculis  (Forskal).     Mu;  Mamdmu.     (J.   tt  E.,  p.  243.) 
Rather  common. 

Family   LXXVII.     KYPHOSID.E   (Rudder-fishes). 
Kyphosus  Lacepede. 

294.  Kyphosus  elegans  (Peters).     Nenue  paiii.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  247.) 
Kyphosus  sandincensis  (Sauvage). 

Xot  rare  about  Honolulu.  It  seems  to  be  identical  witli  Kyphosus  elegans 
(Peters)  from  INIazatlan. 

295.  Kyphosus  fuscus  (Lacepede).     Manaloa;  Nemte.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  24S.) 
Not  rare  at  Honolulu. 

Sectator  Jordan  and  Fesler. 

296.  Sectator  azureus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E..  p.  248.) 

A  beautiful  fish,  of  which  Ijut  one  specimen  is  as  yet  known.  Unknown  to 
the  fishermen. 

Family   LXXVHL     MULLID.E   (Surmullets). 

]\IuLLOiDES  Bleeker. 

297.  MuUoides  auriflamma  (Forskal).     Wekeida.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  250.) 
Rather  common. 

298.  MuUoides  erythrinus  Klunzinger.     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  251.) 
Recorded  from  La^■san  Island. 


52  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

299.  Mulloides  pflugeri  Stcindaclmcr.     Wckc  ula  ulu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  251.) 

Now  rallun-  common  in  the  mark(>ts.     Mulloide>i  flammeus  Jordan  and  Ever- 
mann  is  probably  tlie  young  of  tliis  species. 

300.  Mulloides  samoensis  Giinther.     Weke;  Weke  a'a.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  253.) 
Not  rare  about  Honolulu 

301.  Mulloides  preorbitalis  (Smith  and  Swain).     M.   &  E.,  p.  204.) 
Johnston  Island.     Occasional  at  Honolulu. 

302.  Mulloides  vanicolensis  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes),     fj.   &  E.,  p.  254.) 
South  Seas.     Recorded  from  Johnston  Island. 

Upeneus  Cuvier. 
( Pseudupeneus  Bleeker.) 

303.  Upeneus  porphyreus  (Jenkins) .     Kumu.     (J.   &  E.,  pp.  261-262.) 

The  largest  species  of  the  genvis,  constantlj'  in  the  markets,  and  justly  highly 
valued  as  food.     Teeth  very  small;  barbel  short;  characters  which  give  the  appear- 
ance of  Mulloides.     The  specimen  from  Honolulu,  recorded  by  Steindachner  as. 
U.  fraterculu.s,  is  probably   U.  porphyreus. 

304.  Upeneus  chryserydros  (Lacepede).     Moana  l:ea.     (J.    &:  E.,  p.  255.) 
Not  rare  at  Honolulu. 

305.  Upeneus  multifasciatus  (Quoy  and  Gaimard).     Moana.     (J     &  E.,  p.  256.) 
\vr\  common  in  the  markets,  but  apparently  limited  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands; 

rei)laced  in  Polynesia  by  I.  moana  Jordan  and  Seale,  a  very  similar  species. 

306.  Upeneus  bifasciatus  Lacejiede.     Munu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  258.) 
Rather  common  about  Honolulu. 

307.  Upeneus  chrysonemus  (Jordan  and  Evermann).     (J.   Sz  E.,  p.  258.) 
Common.     Known  by  the  .yellow  barbels. 

308.  Upeneus  crassilabris  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  259.) 
South  Seas.     Eound  at  Johnston  Island. 

309.  Upeneus  pleurostigma  (Bennett).     (J.   &  E.,  ]\  260.) 
Common  al)Out  Honolulu. 

Upeneoides  Bleeker. 
(  Upeneus  Bleeker,  not  of  Cuvier,  as  restricted  by  the  first  reviser.) 

310.  Upeneoides  arge''  (Jordan  and  Evermann).     Weke  pui'o;  Wel'e  pahula.     (J. 
&  E.,  p.  264.) 

Very  abundant;  close  to   Upeneus  viitalus  of  the  South  Seas. 

"  Upctieoidc.'i  ta'iiiiiplrrux  (Cuvier  and  \'alencicimes),  an  Indian  .species,  wu.s  recorded  from  Honolulu 
by  Steindachner,  who  inistonk  for  it  the  young  of  U.  arge. 


JORDAN'    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  53 

Family   LXXIX.     MALACAXTHID.K. 

Ma  LA  f  ANTHUS  Cuvicr. 

311.  Malacanthus  parvipinnis  \'aillant  and  Savivago.     Makd'a.     (J.   &  E..  ]).  27").) 
( 'omnioii  al)out  Honolulu. 

Suborder    CIRR  HI  TIFORM ES. 
Family   LXXX.     CHEILODACTYLID.E. 

GoNiiSTius  Gill. 
This  genus  differs  from  Cheilodactylus  mainly  in  the  number  of  fin-rays  (D. 
XVII,  27-32;   A.  Ill,  8:   instead  of  D.  XVIII,  23:   A.  Ill,  11).     The  outline  of 
the  dorsal  is  much  more  strongly  angulated. 

312.  Goniistius  vittatus  (Garrett).      Kikakapv.     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  447.) 

Two  fine  specimens  of  this  very  rare  species  were  found  ])\  us  in  tlie  Honolulu 
market.  The  name  vittatuH  is  iU-suited  to  the  broad,  olilique,  black  cross-bands, 
which  are  characteristic  of  this  species. 

Family   LXXXI.     CIRRHITID.E. 

CiRRHiTOiDEA  Jenkiiis. 

313.  Cirrhitoidea  bimacula  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  448.) 
Rare. 

Paracirrhites  Bleeker. 

314.  Paracirrhites  cinctus  (Gunther).      Pilikcxn;  Poojxt'a:  Onpiikn-lidi-hrti.     (J.  ct 
E.,  p.  449.) 

Very  common. 

315.  Paracirrhites  forsteri  (Bloch  and  Schneider).      HUup'dikoa.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  450.) 
Abundant. 

316.  Paracirrhites  arcatus  iCuvier  and  Valenciennes).    Pilik<ya.     (J.  &E.,p.  450.) 
Very  abundant.     We  have  no  explanation  of  the  tw(j  })atterns  of  coloration; 

about  half  of  the  specimens  lun'ing  a  broad,  well-defined  white  stripe  along  the 
back  posteriorly,  while  in  others,  similarly  colored,  this  is  absent. 

CiRRHiTus  Lacepede. 

317.  Cirrhitus  marmoratus  (Lacepede).     Po'opda;  Oopukdi.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  452.) 
Abundant;  large  enough  to  acquire  importance  as  a  food-fish. 


54  MEMOIRS   OF   THE    CARXEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Suborder    PAREIOPLITM. 

(Loricati.) 

Family   LXXXII.     CARACANTHID^. 

Caracanthus  Kroyer. 

318.  Caracanthus  maculatus  (Gray).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  453.) 
Scarce;  about  the  reefs. 

Amphiprionichthys  Bleeker. 
This  genus  differs  from  Caracanthus  in  having  the  dorsal  fins  fully  united. 

319.  Amphiprionichthys  unipinna  (Gray).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  454.) 
A  rare  hsh  of  the  reefs. 

Family   LXXXIII.     SCORP.ENID.^   (Scorpion-fishes;  Rock-cod). 

Sebastapistes  Gill. 

320.  Sebastapistes  baUieui  (Sauvage).     Poopa'a.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  455.) 
Rather  common. 

321.  Sebastapistes  corallicola  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  455.) 
Three  specimens  known. 

322.  Sebastapistes  asperella  (Bennett).     fJ.  &  E..  p.  458.) 
Xot  recogniz(>d  since  recorded  by  Bennett. 

323.  Sebastapistes  coniorta.Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  458.) 
Common  on  the  reefs. 

324.  Sebastapistes  galactacma  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  459.) 
Common  on  the  reefs. 

325.  Sebastapistes  coloratus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  627.) 
Off  ^Molokai,  in  deeper  water. 

ScoRP.ENODEs  Bleckcr. 
•     (Sebastopsis  Gill,  and  likewise  Sauvage.) 
32G.  Scorpaenodes  kelloggi  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  462.) 
Common  on  the  reefs. 

327.  Scorpaenodes  parvipinnis  (Garrett).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  463.) 
Yer^'  rare. 

Helicolenus  Goode  and  Bean. 

328.  HeHcolenus  rufescens  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  631.) 
Off  Kauai,  in  deep  water. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES   OF   HAWAII.  55 

PoNTiNus  Poey. 

329.  Pontinus  spilistius  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  633.) 

Off  INIaui. 

Merinthe  Snyder. 

330.  Merinthe  macrocephala  (Sauvage).     Oopnhti  Nohu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  401.) 

A  beautiful  fish,  reaching  a  weight  of  about  six  pounds,  now  common  in  the 
markets,  being  taken  in  rather  deep  water. 

Setarches  Johnson. 

331.  Setarches  remiger  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  }).  034.) 
Common  in  deep  water. 

Plectrogenium  Gilbert. 

332.  Plectrogenium  nanum  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  634.) 

ScoRP^NOPsis  Heckel. 

333.  Scorpaenopsis  gibbosa  (Bloch  and  Schneider").      Nohu;  Oinakaha.     (J.    &  E., 
p.  408.) 

Scorpamopsis  catocala  Jordan  and  Evermann. 
Abundant;  known  by  the  variegated  breast. 

334.  Scorpaenopsis  cacopsis  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  407.) 

Not  rare.  » 

335.  Scorpaenopsis  altirostris  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  028.) 

Off  Alolokai.     Perha])s  type  of  a  distinct  genus,  the  head  not  lieing  depressed 
as  in  Scorpccnopsis,  and  the  general  appearance  more  like  that  of  Scbastapistes. 

Peloropsis  (iilbert. 
330.  Peloropsis  xenops  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  630.) 
Avan  Channel  between  Maui  and  Lanai. 

Iracundus  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

337.  Iracundus  signifer  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  470.) 
A  rare  fish  of  the  coral-reefs.     But  two  si)ecimens  are  known. 

T^NiANOTUs  Lacepede. 

338.  Taenianotus  garretti  Gunther.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  471.) 
Known  only  from  a  drawing. 

339.  Taenianotus  citrinellus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  630.) 
Off  Molokai. 


56  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Brachirus  Rwainson. 
Dendrochiriis  Swainson.    Unfortunately  Brachirus  has  priority.     Later  Swain- 
son  transferred  the  name  Brachirus  to  a  genus  of  Soles. 
Pectorals  with  the  upi)er  rays  bi'anched. 

340.  Brachirus  barberi  (Steindachner).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  465.) 
Dcndrochiruft  hndfiom  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

341.  Brachirus  chloreus  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  465.) 
Occasional  about  the  coral-reefs. 

Pterois  Cuvier. 

342.  Pterois  sphex  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  464.) 
Taken  but  once  at  Honolulu. 

Family   LXXXR'.     BEMBRADID.E. 
Bembradii'm  Gilbert. 

343.  Bembradium  roseum  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  637.) 
Deep  water;  Pailolo  Channel. 

Family   LXXXX.     PEEISTEDIID.E. 
Peristediox  Lacepede. 

344.  Peristedion  engyceros  Glinther. 


\ 


Fig.  4.     Peristedion  cngijccros  Giinther.     (Reproduced  from  Jordan,  Proc.  U.  S.  >«'.  M.,  \'ol.  59,  1921, 

p.  6.54.) 

Rare,  in  deep  water.  Besides  the  original  type,  found  half-dried  on  the  beach, 
we  have  found  one  specimen  from  the  deep  sea  and  one  killed  in  a  lava-flow  from 
Mauna  Loa.  There  is  also  a  cast  in  the  Bishop  Museum.  The  species  may  be 
distinguished  from  the  next  b^^  the  divergence  of  the  long  proboscideal  horns  and 
by  the  presence  of  dark  cross-bands. 


JOHDAX    AM)    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  57 

345.  Peristedion  gilberti  .Jordan,     (('...p.  639.) 

(Proc.  U.  8.  X.  -M..  LIX,  1921,  p.  Goo,  Peristedion  engijceros  (iilhcrt,  not    of 
Giintlicr.) 


/ 


-  \^\2^  ■  \  

Fig.  .j.     Peristedion  gilhcrti  .Jordan.     (C.  M.  Xo.  3.'^0.5.) 

Horns  rigidly  parallel;  color  red,  often  with  small  roinid  olive  spots.  Found 
in  the  deep  sea,  abundantly  in  places. 

346.  Peristedion  hians  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  638.) 
Frequent  in  deep  water. 

Family   LXXXVL     HOPLirHTHYn:).E. 
HopLicHTHYS  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 

347.  Hoplichthys  citrinus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  640.) 
Deep  sea;  abundant. 

348.  Hoplichthys  platophrys  Gilbert.     fG.,  p.  642.) 
Deei)  sea  off  Laysan ;   only  one  specimen  known. 

Family   LXXXVII.     CEPHALACANTHID.E   (Flying   Gurnards). 

(Dactylopterido'.) 

Dactyloptena  Jordan  and  Richardson. 

(Proc.  U.  8.  X.  IM.,  XXXIII,  1909,  i).  665.) 

349.  Dactyloptena  orientalis   (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).     Lolo-oan.     (J.    &  E., 
p.  473.) 

Rather  scarce.  "We  are  thus  far  unable  to  sei)arate  the  Hawaiian  Flying 
Gurnard  from  the  common  Japanese  species.  The  description  of  this  .species  by 
Jordan  and  Richardson,  /.  c,  is  from  examples  from  Hilo. 


58  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Ruboi-der  SQUAMIPENNES. 

Family   LXXXVIII.     CAPROID.E. 

Antigonia  Lowe. 

350.  Antigonia  steindachneri  Jordan  and  Evermann.     CJ.  &  E.,  p.  361 ;  (1.,  i).  G21.) 
A  Japanese  tish,  rarely  seen  about  Hawaii  in  deep  water. 

351.  Antigonia  eos  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  621.) 
Deep  sea;  Pailolo  Ghannel. 

Family   LXXXIX.     CH.ETODONTID.E   (Butterfly-fishes). 
FoRciPiGER  Jordan  and  AIcGregor. 

352.  Forcipiger  longirostris  (Broussonet) .     (J.   &  E.,  p.  363.) 
Forcipiger  flavissimiis  Jordan  and  McGregor. 

Rather  common  in  the  markets.     In  the  plate  published  by  Jordan  and 
Evermann  tlie  brilliant  yellow  of  this  curious  fish  is  not  well  represented. 

Ch^etodon  Linnseus.  Kihi  kilii. 
( Tetragonoptrus  Bleeker.) 
This  genus  covers  a  great  variety  of  species  agreeing  in  general  form  and  in 
bright  coloration,  mainly  yellow  with  black  cross-bands  or  markings.  It  may 
perhaps  be  divisible  into  several  genera,  the  division  being  based  on  the  direction 
of  the  lines  of  scales,  the  size  of  the  scales,  and  the  form  of  the  head.  At  present 
the  subgenera,  as  ])roposed  by  Kauj)  and  liy  Bleeker,  are  too  ill-defined  to  permit 
of  their  recognition  as  genera.  In  the  typical  section  of  Chcetodon  (tjqje  Chcetodon 
capistratus  Linnseus),  which  is  not  represented  in  Hawaii,  the  lines  of  scales  above 
the  lateral  line  extend  upward  and  backward,  those^  below  downward  and  back- 
ward, and  none  of  the  dorsal  rays  are  prolonged. 

§  LiNOPHORA  Kaup. 

(One  of  the  dorsal  rays  prolonged,  whip-hke,  otherwise 
*  essentially  as  in  Chcetodon  proper.) 

353.  Chaetodon  setifer  Bloch.      Kihi-kihi;  Kikakdpu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  364.) 
Common  in  Hawaii. 

§  OxYCH/ETODON  Bleeker. 
(Scales  of  sides  enlarged;  snout  sharp;  a  projection  before  eye.) 

354.  Chaetodon  lineolatus  C .'uvier  and  Valenciennes.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  365.) 
Rather  rare. 


JORDAN"    AND    JORDAX :    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  59 

§  C'h.etodontops  Bleeker. 

(Scales  of  sides  moderately  enlarged;  snout  nioilerate; 
profile  even,  no  convexity  before  eye.) 

355.  Chaetodon  lunula  (Lacepede).     Kikakdjm.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  3GG.) 

A'ery  common.     The  young  have  higher  fins  and  a  black  dorsal  ocellus. 

§  Lepidoch^todon  Bleeker. 

(Scales  of  sides  anteriorly  much  enlarged,  the  rows  nearly  horizontal; 

teeth  large;  snout  short;  profile  steep.) 

356.  Chsetodon  unimaculatus  Bloch.     Kikikdpu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  368.) 
Chaiodon  i^pheuospilus  Jenkins. 

Xot  rare  about  the  reefs. 

§  CiTHARCEDUS    Kaup. 

(Snout  short  and  blunt;  scales  moderate,  the  rows  nearly  horizontal.) 

357.  Chaetodon  ornatissimus  Solander.     Kikikdpu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  373.) 
Rather  rare;  about  the  reefs. 

358.  Chaetodon  punctatofasciatus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  369.) 
Not  rare. 

§  Rabdophorits  Kaup. 

(Scales  subequal,  moderate,  arranged  in  series  mostly  horizontal,  those  above 

lateral  line  much  reduced  in  size;  snout  rather  short.) 

359.  Chaetodon  ephippium  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 

A  common  and  showy  species  of  the  South  Seas,  once  found  hi  the  Honolulu 
market. 

360.  Chaetodon  fremblii  Bennett.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  375.) 
A  handsome,  but  rather  rare  species. 

361.  Chaetodon  trifasciatus  :\Iungo  Park.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  372.) 

A  Pohniesian  sj^ecics,  rather  rare  at  Honolulu.  The  colored  plate  of  Jordan 
and  Evermann  is  from  a  Samoan  example.  This  species  and  the  next  have  rather 
large  scales  (forty,  instead  of  fifty  to  sixty),  thus  approaching  the  next  genus. 

362.  Chaetodon  miliaris  Quoy  and  Gaimard.     (J.   ct  E..  p.  371.) 
Chcdodon  mantelliger  Jei{kini>. 

Generally  common.     The  smallest  species. 

363.  Chaetodon  quadriinaculatus  Gray.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  373.) 
Rather  common  about  Honolulu. 


60 


MEMOIRS    OF    THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 


TiFiA  gon.  nov.     Jordan. 

T^'pe  Chcetodon  corallicnla  Snyder. 

This  grou])  is  distinguished  from  Rabdophorus  by  the  very  large  scales  above 
as  well  as  below  the  latei-al  lin(\  about  thiiiy  in  a  lengthwise  series,  and  arranged 
in  nearly  horizontal  rows.  Toetli  \-er\-  small;  snout  moderatel.y  acute;  the  profile 
straight.  The  name  Tiji-tiji  [Klhi-kihi  in  Hawaiian)  is  a])])lied  to  all  sjiecies  of 
Chaiodon  throughout  the  South  Seas.  The  verb  tifi  is  to  adorn,  and  the  name  is 
given  to  tlie  horns  of  the  moon,  the  tips  of  the  wing  of  a  birtl,  and  the  like. 
304.  Tifia  corallicola  (Snyder).     (J.   &  E..  p.  374.) 

Rare.     Found  in  rather  tleep  water. 

f 


V. 


\ 

'A^-'-'  j,,^ 


^ 


-  .4 


I 


"^ 


Fig.  6.     Loa  excel sa  .Jortlaii.     (Reproduced  frdiu  I^roc.  U  S.  N.  JNL,  Vol.  59,  1921,  p.  053. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  01 

r.OA  Jordan. 
Scales  small,  qwu,  the  rows  nearly  horizontal;  the  first  dorsal  nearly  scaleless, 
its  first  three  spines  thickened,  the  third  and  fourth  very  high. 

365.  Lea  excelsa  Jordan. 

(Jordan.  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M..  LIX,  1921,  p.  652,  fig.  6.) 

Known  from  a  single  small  specimen  killed  in  a  lava-How  from  ]\Iauna  Loa  in 
rather  deep  water.  This  young  fish  bears  .some  resemblance  to  the  young  of 
Chcetodon  lunula  figurcnl  1)\'  Jordan  and  Evermann,  but  th(^  dorsal  spines  are  much 
longer  and  larger  and  the  black  markings  are  different. 

]\IicRACANTHrs^  Swainsoii. 
Dorsal  and  anal  fins  with  few  rays  (D.  XI,  17;    A.  Ill,  14).     Scales  .smaU, 
about  sixty. 

366.  Micracanthus  strigatus    Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  376.) 
A  Japanese  fish,  occasionally  taken  at  Honolulu, 

Heniothi's  ("uvier  and  Valenciennes. 
(Diphreufcs  ("antor,  there  being  an  earlier  genus  Heniodie.) 

367.  Heniochus  macrolepidotus  (Linnaeus).     (J.   &  E..  p.  376.) 

Chcetodon  acuminatus  Linnanis,  this  name  having  two  pages  priority,  lint  the 
later  and  most  frequently  employed  name  is  preferred  by  the  International  Com- 
mission of  Xomenclature. 

A  common  fish  of  the  Pacific,  but  rather  rare  at  Honolulu. 

HoLACANTHUs  Lacepedc . 
X'one  of  the  Hawaiian  species  are  at  all  closely  related  to  the  type  of  this 
genus,  Holacanthus  tricolor,  of  the  West  Indies.  In  the  typical  group  the  scales 
are  of  moderate  size;  the  lobes  of  the  lunate  caudal  fin  produced  in  long  streamers. 
The  numerous  species  of  the  South  Seas  need  to  be  critically  compared  before  the 
several  subgenera  proposed  by  Bleeker  can  be  fully  defined. 

CiLETODONTOPLUS  Bleeker. 

(Scales  small;  caudal  fin  rounded:  suborbital  entire; 

scales  above  lateral  line  small.) 

368.  Chaetodontoplusbicolor  (Bloch).     (J.   &  E..  p.  380.) 
Conmion  in  Pohiiesia ;  i-ecorded  by  Gunther  from  Hawaii. 

^  Misprinted  Microcantlius  by  Swainson. 


62  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

369.  Chaetodontoplus  arcuatus  (Gray).     (J.  &  E.,  p.  378.) 

Descriliod  in  1S31  from  PTonoluln,  but  only  the  type  is  as  yet  known. 

Centropyge  Kanp. 
Caudal  rounded;    scales  large  above  as  well  as  below  lateral  line,  thirty  to 
forty  in  a  series;  suborbital  more  or  less  serrate  behind,  but  without  strong  spine. 
The  original  type  of  the  genus,   Holacanthus  fibicen,  was  originally  described  as 
having  four  anal  spines.     Species  of  small  size  and  variegated  coloration. 

370.  Centropyge  potteri  (Jordan  and  Metz).     (PL  III,  fig.  1.) 

Holacanthus  potteri  Jordan  and  Metz,  Proc.  U.  8.  N.  M.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  525. 

Only  the  typ(>  of  this  dainty  species  of  the  reefs  was  known,  until  the  senior 
author  secured  four  additional  examples  from  the  reef  at  Honolulu.  The  largest 
of  these,  differing  in  certain  minor  respects  from  the  original  t}'])e,  is  figured  on 
Plate  III,  fig.  1. 

The  serrations  on  the  preorbital  and  preopercle  are  larger  than  in  the  type; 
the  cross-streakings  somewhat  different.  The  black  blotches  above  the  pectoral 
have  disappeared,  and  the  ]>osterior  part  of  the  body  is  suffused  with  deep  inky 
purple,  almost  black,  a  color  which  obscures  the  vermiculations,  although  these 
can  be  traced.  In  life  the  dark  streaks  were  dark  bluish  jiurple,  the  paler  colors 
a  rich  light  orange. 

371.  Centropyge  tutuilae  sp.  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan.     (J.  &E.,  p.  378,  PI.  LVI. 
not  description.)     (PL  III,  fig.  2.) 

Holacanthus  bispinosus  Giinther,  Fische  der  Siidsee,  II,  1874,  p.  51,  PL  LVI, 
fig.  C.     Descrii)tion  in  part.     Not  Holacanthus  bispinosus  Giinther,  Cat. 
Fishes,  II,  1860,  p.  48,  which  is  based  on  Bleeker's  description  of  Hola- 
canthus diacanthus  from  Amb'oyna. 
Holacanthus  bispinosus  Jordan  and  Evermann.  Fishes  of  Hawaii,  PL  LVI, 
not  description,  which  was  taken  from  two  specimens  of   Centropyge 
diacantha. 
Type:   No.  3902  Carnegie  IMuseum.     Three  inches  long.     Tutuila,  Samoa; 
paratype,  No.  8750,  Stanford  ITniversity. 

Head  4;  depth  1.75;  eye  3.5  in  head;  snout  4.25;  maxillary  4.25;  dorsal 
rays  XIV,  17;  anal  rays  III,  15;  scales  35,  18;  the  number  of  fin-rays  can  not  be 
exactly  counted,  nor  the  ninnber  of  scales,  as  on  the  caudal  pedimcle  these  grow 
very  small. 

Body  broadly  ovate,  evenly  rounded,  the  steep  profile  somewhat  gibbous  over 
the  eye.     Preorbital  narrow,  with  two  rather  strong,  blunt  teeth;   vertical  line  of 


JORDAN    A.\D    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF   HAWAII.  0^^ 

preopercle  with  small  sori-as    :uii>l('  with  a  stout  curved  s])iiic  I'cachino;  nearly  to 
base  of  jx'ctoral;  a  sharp  spine  about  one  fiftli  as  lon^  just  liclow  it. 

Scales  on  sides  large,  those  above  lateral  line  niucli  smaller,  mcrghig  into  the 
scaly  sheath  of  the  dorsal  fin;  scales  on  belly  much  smaller;  latei-al  line  ending 
below  last  ray  of  dorsal;  dorsal  and  anal  scaly  almost  to  their  tips.  Dorsal  and 
anal  rather  high;  the  tii)s  angular,  reaching  beyond  base  of  the  rounded  caudal; 
ventrals  filamentous,  almost  reaching  front  of  anal,  as  long  as  head;  ]5ectorals  a 
little  shorter. 

The  colors  in  life,  as  correctly  stated  by  Jordan  and  Scale,  "  Fishes  of  Samoa," 
p.  348,  are  as  follows: 

Ground-color  deej)  orange,  or  copper-red,  clearer  ix'low;  the  liead,  back,  and 
vertical  fins  blue-black,  the  color  forming  about  eight(>en  narrow  cross-streaks  on 
side  as  wide  as  the  ground-color;  breast  and  belly  orange;  the  lips  and  s]Mncs 
violet;  lower  lip  very  bright  blue;  anal  and  dorsal  edged  with  lilue;  caudal  with 
a  broader  blue  stripe  inside  the  margin;  pectoral  yellow,  dusky  at  base;  ventral 
orange,  edged  with  blackish  in  spines,  coppery  red,  more  or  less  faded,  with  about 
twenty  vertical  black  cross-bars  a  shade  wider  than  the  interspaces,  which  are 
about  equal  to  the  pupil;  breast  plain  light  orange,  bars  growing  irregular  below; 
without  distinct  markings;  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  black,  unmarked  (dorsal  and 
anal  figured  by  Giinther  with  small  blue  spots) ;  pectorals  and  ventrals  pale,  the 
ventral  filament  edged  with  black. 

This  handsome  little  fish  has  had  a  rather  unfortunate  fate  in  the  synonymy. 
It  was  first  noticed  by  Giinther  ("Fische  der  Siidsee,"  II,  p.  51,  Tafel  LVD,  under 
the  name  of  Holacanthus  bispinosus,  a  name  originally  given  by  Giinther  to  a  speci- 
men described  by  Bleeker  from  Amboyna  under  the  erroneous  name  of  Holacanthus 
diacanthus.  But  Bleeker's  fish  and  the  present  one,  as  sho\\ii  by  Bleeker's  figure, 
differ  in  color  and  in  the  armature  of  the  preopercle.  The  true  hispinostis,  as 
figured,  has  much  stronger  spines  on  the  lower  limb  of  the  preopercle,  and  the 
suborbital  is  very  strongly  serrate.  The  color  is  also  very  different,  being  yellow, 
with  regular  browai  cross-bands,  the  caudal  jmle.  Giinther  claims  to  have  had 
specimens  in  the  British  Museimi  from  the  New  Hebrides,  and  one,  in  bad  condition, 
from  Hawaii,  collected  by  Garrett.  Presumably  his  figaire,  which  represents,  but 
none  too  well,  our  Centropyge  tutuila',  was  drawn  from  a  New  Hebrides  example, 
colored  after  a  sketch  made  by  Parkinson  in  Tahiti. 

The  only  Hawaiian  record  is  that  of  Giinther,  mentioned  above.  Two  speci- 
mens were  obtained  by  Jordan  and  Kellogg  at  Pago  Pago,  Tutuila.  One  of  these 
is  the  type  of  Centropyge  tutuila',  and  served  also  for  the  colored  i)latc  drawn  by 


64  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Morita  and  ])iil)lish(>d  by  Jordan  and  Evermann  under  the  name  of  Holaconthus 
bifipinosiis.  But  the  description  ])ublished  by  Jordan  and  Evermann  ("Fishes  of 
Hawaii,"  p.  378)  was  not  taken  froni  this  species,  but  through  some  error,  for  which 
I  cannot  at  present  account,  from  two  Samoan  examples  of  Centropyge  diacantka 
(Bloch). 

It  is  not  clear  that  Glinther's  description  ("  Fische  der  Siidsee")  belongs  to  the 
fish  figured  by  him. 

Centropyge  tutuilm  is,  therefore,  until  now  kno^\Ti  only  from  two  colored  plates, 
the  first  that  of  Glinther,  indifferent  in  quahty,  the  other  that  of  Morita,  which 
is  excellent. 

In  Samoa  this  s]iecies  is  kno\\n  as  Tuu'u  pulepuk  tnumu  =  broad  fish,  red- 
striped. 

XiPHYPOPs'"  gen.  nov.     Jordan. 

Type:  Holacanthus  fisheri  Snyder.  Distinguished  bj'  the  presence  of  two 
strong  spines  besides  smaller  serrse  on  the  suborbital  bone.  The  preopercle  is  also 
strongly  armed.  Scales  large,  those  above  the  lateral  line  scarceh'  reduced;  caudal 
rounded ;  profile  convex ;  fourteen  dorsal  spines. 

372.  Xiphypops  fisheri  (Snyder).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  379.) 

A  handsome  fish,  taken  a  few  times  m  rather  deep  water. 

Family   XC.     ZANCLID.E   (Moorish   Idols). 
Zanclus  Cuvier  and  ^'alenciennes. 

373.  Zanclus  cornutus  (Linnseus).      Kihikihi.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  382.) 

Very  common  about  the  reefs.  Zanclus  canescens  Linnseus  is  thought  by 
Bleeker  to  be  a  distinct  species,  having  a  spine  on  the  i)reorbital  and  no  black 
markings  before  the  eye.  It  may  l)e,  as  the  writer  has  supposed,  the  young  of  the 
common  Zanclus  cornutus.     The  name  canescens  has  one  page  priority  over  cornutus. 

374.  Zanclus  ruthiae  Bryan. 

(Bryan,  Report  Bernice  Pauahi  Bishop  Museum,  II,  1905,  p.  22,  fig.  2  (1906).) 
A  single  young  specimen  taken  at  Honohdu,  two  and  three-quarters  of  an 
inch  long,  remarkable  for  tlie  great  height  of  the  first  dorsal  rays.  The  color  is 
quite  unlike  that  of  Z.  cornutus,  young  or  old,  there  being  only  a  faint  dark  bar 
across  the  interorbital  and  a  broad  obscure  dark  shade  across  body  from  dorsal  to 
anal,  and  another  on  caudal  peduncle.  Caudal  mostly  black,  as  are  the  long  rays 
of  dorsal  and  the  front  of  the  anal  and  ventrals;  lips  black;  tip  of  caudal  pale; 
profile  very  steei);  depth  nearly  equal  to  length.     D.  VH,  38;  A.  Ill,  p.  33. 

'"  ^i<i>o's  =  sword;   viro  =  below;  oji/'  =  ej'e. 


JORDAN    AND    .lORDAX:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  0") 

Family    XCl.     ACAXTHURID.E   (Surgeon-fishes). 

AcANTHURUS  Forskal. 

(Hepatus  Gronow,  1763,  non-binomial.) 

{Teuthi!<  FinniTpus,  17()().  as  restricted  by  Gill  and  otlicr  audiors.'') 

375.  Acanthurus  achilles  Shaw.     Pa  kui  kui.     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  384.) 
Gommoii.     A  strikin<>;ly  colored  species. 

376.  Acanthurus  olivaceus  Bloch  and  Schneider.     Nac-nne.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  385.) 
Common.     Remarkable  for  the  white  stripe  above  the  ]iectoral. 

377.  Acanthurus  leucopareius  Jenkins.     Mmkoiko.     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  386.) 
Occasionally  seen  at  Honoluhi.     Known  by  th(>  white  l)ar  across  nape  and 

opercle. 

378.  Acanthurus  matoides  Guvier  and  Valenciennes.     M<tii:  Wain.     (J.    &  E., 
pp.  387-389.) 

Acanthurus  xanthoptenis  Cuvier  and  ^'alenciennes. 
Acanthurus  blochii  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 
Teuthis  guntheri  Jenkins. 

Common  in  the  South  Seas,  rather  rare  at  Honolulu.  A  dull-colored  species 
with  four  dark  streaks  along  dorsal  and  anal.     Base  of  caudal  with  a  pale  ring. 

379.  Acanthurus  umbra  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  387.) 

A  dull-colored  species.  Rather  common.  The  dorsal  and  anal  plain;  base  of 
caudal  whitish. 

380.  Acanthurus  elongatus  (Lacepede).     Maiii.     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  389.) 

South  Seas;  occasional  about  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  Dull-colored;  the  lips 
blackish ;  last  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  black  at  base ;  body  elongate.  The  Hawaiian 
form  was  described  by  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes  under  the  name  Acantliurus 
nicjros. 

381.  Acanthurus  dussumieri  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).     Pudlu;  Pahnu.     (J.   ct 
E.,  p.  390.) 

?  Acanthurus  argenteus  Quoy  and  Gaimard,  j»r. 

A  common  s])ecies,  reaching  considerable  size.  Dusky,  with  wavy  bluish 
streaks;  base  of  caudal  with  dark  .s]3ots. 

382.  Acanthurus  atramentatus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     Maikoiko:  Malkn.     (J.   & 
E.,  p.  393.) 

"  Following  Cantor  and  Giinthcr  others  use  Teuthis  in  place  of  .SfV/a/n/.v.  The  decisions  of  tlie 
International  Commission  would  favor  Hcpntm  as  prior  to  Acanthurus  or  Truthis,  though  not  binomial. 
Any  one  of  these  views  may  lie  defended,  and,  until  the  matter  is  definitely  settled,  we  may  follow  custom. 


66  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Common.     Distinguished  by  an  ink-like  spot  at  base  of  last  rays  of  dorsal  and 
anal.     Body  with  narrow  broken  bluish  streaks. 

383.  Acanthurus  guttatus  Bloch  and  Schneider.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  392.) 

Rather  common.     Kno^\^l  by  the  three  white  cross-bars  and  numerous  white 
spots. 

384.  Acanthurus  sandvicensis  Streets.     Manini.     (J.   &:  E.,  j).  394.) 
Extremely  abundant.     Pale,  with  six  black  cross-bars,  four  of  which  cross  the 

entire  body.     A  near  ally  of  Acanthurus  triostegus  (Linnaeus)  of  the  South  Seas. 

■*     Zebrasoma  Swainson. 
§  Zebrasoma. 

385.  Zebrasoma  veliferum  (Bloch).     Kihikihi.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  396.) 
Acanthurus  liypselopterus  Bleeker. 

Not  rare  about  Honolulu.  A  fish  of  striking  appearance,  remarkable  for  its 
banded  body  and  very  high  fins. 

§  Scopas  Kner. 

386.  Zebrasoma  fiavescens  (Bennett).     Laipala.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  397.) 

Not  common  at  Honolulu.  This  fish,  entirely  bright  yellow,  seems  to  differ 
from  Zebrasoma  rhombeum  Kittlitz  of  the  South  Seas,  only  in  being  all  yellow,  inst(>ad 
of  olive-browii  with  a  few  yellow  markings.  The  subgenus  Scopas  differs  from 
Zebrasoma  in  the  lower  fins  with  fewer  rays. 

Ctenoch^tus  Gill. 

(Ctenodon  Swainson,  preoccupied.) 

387.  Ctenochaetus  striatus  (Quoy  and  Gaimard).     Kale.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  398.) 
Acanthurus  .^itrigosus  Bennett. 

Rather  common.  Tlie  name  striatus  was  given  to  young  examples;  that  of 
st7-igosus  to  the  adult. 

Naso  Lacepede. 

Acanthurus  Jordan  and  Evermann,  not  of  Forskal,  as  restricted. 

Monoceros  Bloch  and  Schneider,  preoccupied  =  Naseus  Cuvier. 

388.  Naso  incipiens  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  400.) 
Rare. 

389.  Naso  brevirostris  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).     Kalalolo.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  401.) 
Sovith  Seas,  occasional  at  Honolulu. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII. 


61 


390.  Naso  unicornis  ;  Forskal).      Kola.     (J.   cV:  E.,  p.  402.) 

Common  at  Honolulu.  'Widely  distributed  in  warm  sea.-^.  The  length  of  the 
frontal  horn  varies  much  with  age,  sometimes  being  in  tlie  adult  longer  than  the 
rest  of  the  head. 

Callicanthus  -Swainson. 

391.  Callicanthus  lituratus  (Forster).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  404.) 
South  Seas;   rathei-  connuon  about  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

392.  CaUicanthus  garretti  (Seale).     (J.    et  E..  p.  405.) 

Rare.  A  doubtful  species,  distinguished  from  C.  lituratus  by  the  absence  of 
the  blue  line  along  base  of  dorsal  and  yellow  spots  on  caudal  peduncle  separated 
by  a  sharply  definetl  l)lack  area. 

393.  Callicanthus  metoposophron  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  405.) 
Xot  rare  at  Honolulu. 

Order   CHROMIDES. 

Family   XCII.     POMACENTRID.E   (Damsel-fishes). 

Dascyllus  Cuvier. 

(TetradracJwnmi  Cantor,  if  Dascylluf;  is  to  he  regarded  as  i)reoccu]iied  by 

DasciUus.) 

394.  Dascyllus  albisella  C;ill.     (J.   &  E..  p.  2C6.) 

Common  about  the  coral-reefs.  The  figure  coj^ied  from  Bleeker  by  Jordan 
and  Evermann  (p.  267)  represents  D.  trimaculatus  of  the  South  Seas. 

Chromis  Cuvier. 
( Helioses  Cuvier  and  A'alenciennes.) 

395.  Chromis  verater  Jordan  and  ^letz. 

Chromis  verater  Jordan  and  Metz,  Proc.  IT.  S.  X.  :\I.,  XLII,  1911,  p.  526. 
One  example  from  Honolulu,  typical  of   Chromis.     D.  XIV;    caudal  short, 
body  very  deep. 

396.  Chromis  elaphrus  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  268.) 

Coral-reefs;    ty])ical  of  the  subgenus   Heliases.     I).  XII,  caudal  short,  body 

oblong. 

Furcaria  Poey. 

(Caudal  deeply  forked,  its  lobes  sharp;  fourteen  dorsal  si)ines.) 

397.  Furcaria  ovalis  (Steindachner).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  269.-) 
Coral-reefs;  not  rare. 


OS  MEMOIRS    np   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

398.  Furcaria  leucura  fCilhort).     (C;.,  p.  020.) 
Rare;   in  ratlicr  dec])  water. 

PoMACENTRUs  Lacepeclo. 

399.  Pomacentrus  jenkinsi  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  271.) 
Euponiacentrus  nuDyiinitiis  Jenkins,  llie  name  pi-e()('eu])ie(l  in  Pomacentrus. 
Common.     This  s]xx'ics  belongs  to  the  section  or  subgenus  called  Amhlyyoma- 

cenlrus  by  Bleek(>r,  having  the  snout  and  lower  jaw  naked.  In  the  American  species 
{Eupomaccntrus  Bleeker)  the  snout  is  scaled.  In  Pomacentrus  proper  there  is  in 
each  jaw  a  single  series  of  a  few  teeth. 

Abudefduf  Forskal. 
( Glyph  isodon  Lacepede . ) 

400.  Abudefduf  sordidus  (Forskal).      Kiipipi.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  274.) 

Very  common  al)out  rocks.  Known  by  the  black  blotch  behind  the  dorsal 
fin  on  the  back  of  the  tail. 

401.  Abudefduf  abdominalis  (Quoy  and  Gaimard).     Manjiuto.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  272.) 
Common.     Known  by  the  foiu-  l)lack  c]-oss-])ands  and  a  large  black  l:)lotch  on 

dorsal  and  on  anal. 

402.  Abudefduf  imparipinnis  (Sauvage).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  274.) 
Honolulu.     KnoA\n  only  from  the  original  descri])tion. 

403.  Abudefduf  sindonis  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   ct  E.,  jx  272.) 

A  rare  species,  l)lack,  with  two  white  cross-bands.  Teeth  in  one  series,  scarcely 
compressed,  not  emarginate;  opercle  entire;  preorbital  broad;  perhaps  to  be 
regarded  as  the  type  of  a  distinct  genus,  approaching  Clirumis. 

Order   PHARYNGOGNATHI. 
Family   XCIII.     LABRID/E   (Wrass-fishes;   Rainbow-fishes). 

Lepidaplois  (iill. 

404.  Lepidaplois  albotaeniatus   (Cuvier  and   ^^alenciennes).     A'mv(t.     (J.    &   E., 
p.  278.) 

A  large  fish,  alnmdant  in  th(>  markets.  S}oecimens  from  Ililo,  takt-n  about 
lava-rocks,  are  very  much  darker,  mostly  deej)  pur])lish  red. 

405.  Lepidaplois  strophodes  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.    <t  E.,  ]).  280.) 

Rather  rare.  All  th(>  specimens  seen  were  small  in  size,  but  colored  differently 
from  the  A'oung  of  L.  (dhotceniatus. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  (ii) 

400.  Lepidaplois  modestus  ((Jarrctt).     (J.   &:  E.,  ]).  279. ") 

Known  from  CJuntlicr's  plate,  a  copj'  of  Garrett's  drawinji;. 

Verriculus  Jordan  and  Everniann. 

407.  Verriculus  sanguineus  Jordan  and  Everniann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  2S1.) 

A  showy  fish.     Only  the  type  known;   taken  with  tlie  hook  in  deep  water. 

Verreo  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

408.  Verreo  oxycephalus  (Bleeker).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  281.) 

One  .specimen  known  from  Kailua.  The  species  l)elon,ii;s  to  Ihe  fauna  of  Japan. 
The  Au.stralian   V.  unimuculaius  is  verj'  similar. 

HiNALEA  gen.  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan. 

Type:  Julis  axillari!<.  Quoy  and  (Jaimard. 

This  genus  tliffers  from  Sfethujulis  Glinther  in  the  absence  of  posterior  canines. 
The  scales  on  the  breast  are  large,  the  mouth  very  small,  the  lateral  line  complete. 
Hinalea  (in  Samoan  Suf/alc  =  elioice)  is  the  connnon  name  of  the  small  labroids 
at  Honolulu. 

409.  Hinalea  axillaris  (Quoy  and  Gaimard).     Omahi.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  283.) 
Common  about  th(»  reefs. 

410.  Hinalea  balteata  (Quoy  and  Gaimard).     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  284.) 

Stetltojulis  alhorittdtu.s  Jordan  and  Evermann,  "Fishes  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands," 
p.  284,  PI.  XX^T;  ];)robably  not  Labrus  alhovittatus  Kiili-euter,  scantily  described 
from  an  unknowii  locality.  This  species  is  known  only  from  Hawaii,  where  no 
collections  had  been  made  in  Kolreuter's  time  (1770).  It  is  rather  common  about 
the  reefs.  There  seem  to  lie  two  t^^ies  of  color,  the  one  with  a  broad  stripe  of 
browTiish  red  bordered  above  and  below  by  a  sharj^ly  defincMl  line  of  purplish  blue, 
as  in  the  plate  of  Jordan  and  l']vermann;  the  other  witli  the  lateral  band  brown, 
bordered  above  and  below  b\-  a  crimson  line.     We  detect  no  oth(>r  differences. 

PsEUDOJULis  Bleeker. 

411.  Pseudojulis  cerasina  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  294.) 
Known  only  from  the  type. 

Halichoeres  Rlippell. 

Parajulia  Bleeker;   Charojulis  Gill,  substitute  names,  if  IldlirhaTcs  Riippell 

is  regarded  as  jireoccupied  l)y  Halicfmrm  Nilsson,  a  genus  of  seals. 


70  MEMOIRS   OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

412.  Halichoeres  ornatissimus  (Carrett).     Ohua  paawela.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  286.) 

Halichoeres  iridescenH  Jenkins. 

Not  common. 
418.  Halichoeres  lao  Jenkins.     Lao.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  285.) 

Rare  about  Honolulu. 

I\L\c'KOPHARYNGODON  Bleeker. 

414.  Macropharyngodon  geoffroyi  (QuoyandGaimard).     Hinaleadkilolu.     (J.    & 
E.,  p.  288.) 

Macropharyngodon  aquilolo  Jenkins. 
A  rare  fish  about  the  reefs. 

CoRis  Lacepede. 
( Hemicoris  Bleeker.) 
This  genus  mainly  differs  from  Halichceres  in  the  nuieh  smaller  scales  and  in 
the  absence  of  the  posterior  canine.  This  tooth  is  wanting  in  the  t^q^e,  Coris 
aygida,  as  in  all  the  Hawaiian  sjiecies  referred  bj'  Jordan  and  Evermann  to  Coris 
and  Julis.  In  the  type  of  Julis  (  Lahrus  julis  Linnaeus)  this  tooth  is  present.  No 
species  of  Julis  is  found  in  Hawaii. 

415.  Coris  gaimardi  (Quoy  and  Gaimard).     Lolo.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  305.) 
Common  aliout  the  reefs. 

410.  Coris  pulcherrima  Giinther.      Hinalca  hdo;   (J.   &  E.,  p.  305.) 

Very  common.  Close  to  the  preceding  species,  but  with  colors  not  quite 
the  same. 

417.  Coris  lepomis  Jenkins.      Hilu  lauirili;    Uhit.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  306.) 

A  large  and  handsome  fish,  often  appearing  in  the  markets;  easily  recognized 
l)y  the  black  opercular  flaj),  like  that  of  the  genus  Lepomis,  or  "Sun-fish,"  of 
American  streams.  The  fish  recorded  by  Fowler  as  Coris  aygida,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sci.  Phila.,  1900,  p.  510,  is  no  doubt  this  s]iecies. 

418.  Coris  eydouxi  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).      Hilu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  309.) 
A  large  and  lieautifully  colored  species.     Common. 

419.  Coris  flavovittatus  (Bennett).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  308.) 

Very  rare.  On  the  plate  given  by  Jordan  and  Evermann,  drawn  from  a 
specimen  from  Laysan,  the  j'ellow  shades,  bright  in  life,  are  poorly  represented, 
the  colors  being  very  dull. 

420.  Coris  greenovi  (Bennett).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  308.) 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  sjx-cies,  blood-red  in  life,  witli  white  spots  above, 
edged  Avith  I)lack.  Originally  described  from  Hawaii,  but  not  seen  there  since. 
Our  specimen  is  from  Samoa. 


JORDAN    AXD    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  71 

421.  Coris  ballieui  Vaillant  and  Sauvage.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  310.) 
Rather  common. 

422.  Coris  rosea  Vaillant  and  Sauvage.     Malamalama.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  311.) 
Corh  argenteostriatus  Steindachner. 

Hemicoris  keleipionia  Jenkins. 
Quite  common. 

423.  Coris  venusta  \'aillant  and  Sauvage.     (J.   &  E..  p.  312.) 
Hemicoris  remcdius  Jenkins. 

Common. 

Cheilio  Lacepede. 

424.  Cheilio  inermis  Forskal.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  314.) 

This  common  fish  ranges  in  color  through  many  shades  of  bro^\^l,  green,  and 
lemon-yellow,  with  varied  markings. 

GoMPHosrs  Lacepede. 

425.  Gomphosus  varius  Laceiiede.     Akilolo.     i  J.   it  E.,  p.  289.) 
Common . 

426.  Gomphosus  tricolor  Quoy  and  Gaimard.      Hiiialea  iiwi.     (J.    &  E.,  p.  290.) 
Yevy  common.     The  intense  blue  color  does  not  fade  in  .spirits. 

427.  Gomphosus  sandwichensis  Giinther. 

This  may  be  a  valid  species.  We  refer  to  it  a  cast  in  the  Bishop  ^Museum 
distmguishable  from  Gomphosus  tricolor  by  a  black  i:)lotch  on  the  opercle.  Color 
green;  snout  pinkish  red  above;  a  sharp  red  hne  behind  eye;  opercle  with  a  black 
blotch;  base  of  pectoral  3'ellow;  the  fin  green,  blue-black  distally;  dorsal  green, 
with  a  narrow  sharp  red  stripe  along  its  middle;   caudal  green,  purple  at  base. 

Anampses  Cuvier. 
42S.  Anampses  cuvieri  Quoy  and  Gaimard.     Opule;  Hilu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  291.) 

A  showw  fish,  common  aljout  the  reefs. 
429.  Anampses  godeffroyi  Gimther.     (J.   &  E.,  pp.  293,  294.) 

Anampses  evermanni  Jenkins. 

Not  uncommon  about  the  reefs.  A  large  and  handsome  fish,  originally  kno^\Ti 
from  a  not  very  accurate  painting.  (See  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Bull.  Y.  S.  Fish 
Comm.,  XXVI.  1906.) 


i'l  MEMOIKS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE   MUSEUM. 

Thalassoma  Swainson. 

{Julis  Giinthor,  noit  ('iivi(>i',  whose  tautotyi)e  is  the  ^Mediterranean  species, 
Labru-s  julis  Linnious.      (lil<in'clithy.'<  Swainson.) 

4.30.  Thalassoma  purpureum  Forskal.     OUmi:  Olnlc;   Palaca  (very  small),    Hou 

(large).     (J.   &  E..  p.  295.) 

A  beautiful  large  fish,  rather  common  at  Honolulu.  Color  mainly  l)lu(\  with 
red  striiies  on  the  sides. 

431.  Thalassoma  fuscum  ( Lacepede) .     Aivelo.     (J.   &  E..  ]).  299.) 

A  large  and  handsome  fish,  which  is  rather  common.  Red,  with  two  broken 
blue-green  stripes  on  side,  like  rows  of  Chinese  characters,  the  coloration  being 
much  like  that  of  T.  purpwrinii,  ]:)ut  the  shades  reversed. 

432.  Thalassoma  ballieui  (\'aillant  and  Sauvage).     Hinalea  hiahine.     (J.    &  E., 
p.  297.) 

Very  abundant. 

433.  Thalassoma  umbrostigma  (Rlippell).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  300.) 

Quite  common.  Ceneral  color  green,  with  broken  red  stripes  on  side,  and 
with  five  dark  irregular  broken  cross-bars. 

434.  Thalassoma    duperrey    ((Juoy   and    Gaimard).      Hinalea    lauwili;   A'alailii. 
(J.   &  E.,  p.  302.) 

Extremely  common.  A  small  and  rather  slender  species.  Color  l)luish, 
darker  behind;  the  front  of  body  behind  head  with  a  broad  light  brown  band. 
A  small  species. 

435.  Thalassoma  lutescens  (Solander).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  303.) 

Thalassoma    liinare   Jordan    and    Evermann,    probably   not    Labrus   limaris 

Linnseus. 
A  rare  species,  near  Thalassoma  lunarc  of  the  East  Indies.     (See  Jordan  and 
Snyder,  "  Notes  on  Fi.shes  of  Hawaii,"  Bull.  U.  S.  Bur.  Fish.,  XXVI,  1906,  p.  214.) 

436.  Thalassoma  neanis  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

Described  in  the  ])a])('r  above  mentioned,  and  represented  by  a  colored  figure, 
Plate  XII,  fig.  2.     One  specimen  from  Honolulu.     An  exfiuisitely  colored  little 
fish,  allied  to  T.  lunarc  and  T.  lutescens. 
436.  Thalassoma  aneitense  (CJunther).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  304.) 

An  East  Indian  s])ecies,  taken  twice  at  Honolulu.  It  lacks  the  brilliant  blue 
and  red  .shades  of  other  .species. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  73 

C'heilinoides  Bleeker. 
This  <ioims  is  very  close  to  ('irrJiilaJ)r!is  Teinnuiiclv  niid  Schlesel  tVoiii  Ja])an, 
differing  in  tlie  short  veiitrals,  these  fins  being  greatly  i)i-()(liice(l  in  Cirrlilldhnis. 

438.  Cheilinoides  jordani  Snyder.     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  315.) 
Only  the  ty])e  kiunvn. 

Pseudocheiliniis  Bleek(>r. 
In  this  genus  the  eye  is  peculiarly  modified,  the  cornea  being  crossed  by  a  line 
of  iDartition. 

439.  Pseudocheilinus  octotaenia  Jenkins.     Aleihi  lakca.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  317.) 
Occasional  about  th(>  reefs. 

440.  Pseudocheilinus  evanidus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.    i^^  h].,  p.  317.) 
Rare,  taken  but  twice. 

Cheilinus  Lacepede. 

441.  Cheilinus  hexagonatus  (Umtlier.     Poou.     (J.   &  E..  }).  31i).) 
(lu'ilinus  zonunis  Jenkins. 

\'ery  common.  Originally  described  from  an  inaccurate  drawing  made  at 
Honolulu. 

442.  Cheilinus  bimaculatus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.     (J.    &  E.,  p.  320.)     (PI. 
Ill,  fig.  3;  C.  M.  C  atalog  of  Fishes,  No.  390(3.) 

A  small  fish,  common  on  the  reefs,  known  by  the  black  spot  on  the  side.  The 
exquisite  markings  seen  in  life  disappear  in  spirits. 

443.  Cheilinus  trilobatus  LaceixHle.     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  322.) 

Recorded  from  Honolulu  l)y  Quoy  and  CJaimard  as  Clicili/nix  sinuosK.s,  which 
is  apparently  the  female  of  this  common  species  of  th(>  South  Seas. 

NovAcuLiCHTHYS  Bleckcr. 

444.  Novaculichthys  woodi  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  323.) 
NovaculichtJijjs  cntargyrcus  Jenkins. 
Novaculichthys  tattdc  Scale. 

Rather  common. 

445.  Novaculichthys  tseniourus  (Lacepede).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  325.) 

Rather  common.  A  showy  fish  of  the  reefs.  The  young,  with  the  first  two 
dorsal  rays  lengthened,  was  described  from  Honolulu  by  (^uoy  and  Oaimard  as 
Jiilis  bifcr. 

446.  Novaculichthys  kallosoma  (IMeeker). 

This  beautiful  little  fish,  mostly  grass-green  in  color,  is  widely  distributed. 


74  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Besides  the  two  originally  known  from  Honolulu  we  have  now  a  tliird.     The  single 
si)ecinien  known  from  Samoa  is  figured  by  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

Hemipteronotus  Lacepede. 

447.  Hemipteronotus  umbrilatus  Jenkins.     (J.    &  E.,  p.  333.) 
Not  eomnion. 

448.  Hemipteronotus  baldwini  Joi'dan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  334.) 
Comnion.     Sexes  not  alike  in  color,  a  character  rare  among  lal^roid  fishes. 

449.  Hemipteronotus  jenkinsi  Snyder.     (J.    &  E.,  p.  336.) 
Only  one  specimen  is  known;  from  Puako  Bay,  Hawaii. 

4.50.  Hemipteronotus  copei  Prowler.     (J.   tt  E.,  p.  332.) 

Oahu.     Known  only  from  the  tyjje.     Apparently  distingufshed  Ijy  the  black 
spots  or  blotches  and  by  the  presence  of  bluish  streaks  on  the  head. 

Xyrichthys  Cuvier. 

451.  Xyrichthys  niveilatus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  337.) 
Rather  common. 

Iniistius  Gill. 

452.  Iniistius  pavoninus  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  329.) 
Iniistius  leucozonus  Jenkins. 

A  common  food-fish  at  Honolulu.     Iniistius  mundicurpus  Gill  from  Cape  San 
Lucas  seems  to  be  the  same. 

453.  Iniistius  niger  (St eindachner).     (J.   &:  E.,  p.  331.) 
Iniistius  reroter  Jenkins. 

Rather  common.     This  fish  is  unitjue  in  being  almost  entirely  jet-black. 

Cymolutes  Glinther. 

454.  Cymolutes  leclusei  (Quoy  and  (Jaimard).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  327.) 

A  dainty  fish,  with  soft  pale  colors,  rather  common  about  Honolulu. 

Family   XCIV.     SPARISOMATID.E. 

Leptoscarus  Swainson. 

(CaUyodon  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  not  of  Gronow  and  Scopoli. 

Calotonius  Gilbert.) 

455.  Leptoscarus  irradians  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  339.) 
Not  common. 


JORDAN    AND   JORDAN:    FISHES    OF   HAWAII.  75 

456.  Leptoscarus  cyclurus  (Jcnkin.s).     (J.   &  K.,  }).  840.) 
One  speoiincn  known. 

457.  Leptoscarus  sandvicensis  (Cuvicr  and  Valenciennes).      Piiiiulnuuilni.     CI.    & 
E.,]).  341.) 

Xevy  common  in  the  market  of  Honolulu. 

458.  Leptoscarus  snyderi  f Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  342.) 
From  Honolulu;  one  specimen  known. 

ScARiDEA  Jenkins. 

459.  Scaridea  zonarcha  Jenkins.     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  343.) 
Rare. 

460.  Scaridea  balia  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  344.) 
One  specimen  known. 

461.  Scaridea  aerosa  Jordan  and  Snyder.     (Cf.  "  Notes  on  Fishes  of  Hawaii,"  Bull. 
U.  S.  Bur.  Fish.,  XXVI,  1906,  p.  213.) 

Two  specimens  from  Honolulu. 

Family   XCV.     SCARID^   (Parrot-fishes). 

ScARUs  Forskal  (1775). 

(Teeth  pale,  not  blue.) 

(CaUyodon  Gronow  (1763)  non-binomial;  not  Callyodon  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes.) 

§  Callyodon.     (No  posterior  canines.) 

462.  Scarus  miniatus  Jenkins,      lliu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  346.) 

An  important  food-fish,  common  in  the  markets,  behig  the  favorite  species 
at  the  native  barbecue,  or  lunu. 

463.  Scarus  perspicillatus  Stehidachner.      Uhii  uli  idi.     (J.   tt  E.,  p.  347.) 

A  large  and  handsome  fish,  valued  as  food.     A  colored  figure  is  given  Ijy 
Jordan  and  Snyder,  "Notes  on  Fishes  of  Hawaii,  etc.,"  1907,  PI.  XIII. 

464.  Scarus  borborus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     Paiiuhu.     (J.    &  E.,  p.  349.) 
A  plain-colored  species,  rare  at  Honolulu. 

465.  Scarus  brunneus  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  349.) 

Rather  rare.     A  dull-colored  species,  known  by  th(^  forked  caudal. 

466.  Scarus  dubius  Bennett.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  350.) 

A  ])lainly  colored  fish,  rare  at  Honolulu,  l)ut  occurring  about  Samoa. 

467.  Scarus  ahula  Jenkins.     Ahu  ula;  Panuhanuhu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  351.) 
Rather  common.     Plain  browii. 


76  MEMOIRS    f)F    IHE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

4GS.   Scarus  bennetti  Cnvior  and  Yaloiicirinics.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  352.) 

Rare,  found  also  in  Samoa. 
4()i).  Scarus  paluca  Jenkins.     Pulukaluka.     (J.   ct  E.,  ]>.  352.) 

Scarce. 

§  .S'ranv.s'.     I  Postorioi' canines  ])resont.) 

470.  Scarus  jenkinsi  Jordan  and  Everniann.     (J.    it  E.,  p.  353.) 
But  one  s])ecimpn  kno\m. 

471.  Scarus  gilberti  Jenkins.      Panuhumilm.     (J.   it  E.,  ]).  354.) 

\vvy  common.  Should  be  comi^ared  with  Sairiis  bntavienfiis  Bleeker.  from 
Java,  for  which  Steindachner  seems  to  have  mistaken  it. 

472.  Scarus  formosus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.     Lauia.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  355.) 
Scarus  Iditid  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

This  speci(>s  was  originally  described  from  Hawaii.  The  poor  description 
]>revents  certain  recognition,  but  it  is  probably  identical  with  Scarus  lauia,  a 
handsome  but  rather  rare  form  closely  related  to  .S.  gilherti. 

473.  Scarus  erythrodon  Cuvier  and  A^alenciennes.     (J.   &  E.,  ]).  357.) 

A  common  species  of  the  South  Seas,  recorded  as  Pseudoscarus  sumbaweiisis 
from  Lay  sail. 

Pseudoscarus  Bleeker. 

(Teeth  blue.) 

§  Psevflosrarus.     (Posterior  canines  i)i'esent.j 

474.  Pseudoscarus  jordani  Jenkins.     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  358.) 

A  large  and  brilliantly  colored  fish,  thus  far  only  known  from  two  examples, 
the  type,  taken  at  Honolulu,  and  figured  l)y  Jordan  and  Everniann,  and  another 
s]5ecimen  from  Samoa. 

475.  Pseudoscarus  troscheli  (Bleeker).     (J.   A:  E.,  p.  358.) 

An  East  Indian  species,  recorded  by  Steindachner  from  Laysaii. 

476.  Pseudoscarus  heliotropinus  Bryan. 

(Bryan,  Rept.  Bishop  Mus.,  U,  1905  (1906),  ]).  23,  fig.  3.) 

Kno\Mi  only  from  the  type,  which  was  takcni   in  the  market  at  Honolulu. 

Caudal  lunate,  the  angles  much  j^roduced. 

477.  Pseudoscarus  vitriolinus  Bryan. 
(Bi-yan,  I.e..  ]>.  27,  fig.  4.) 

A  brilliantly  colored  species.     Kiio\m  only  by  one  example.     Caudal  rounded. 


JORDAN'    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  it 

Order    DISCOCEPHALI. 

Family   XCM.     ECHEXEID.E    (Romoras). 

Remora  Gill. 

(Echeneis  T.innspiis  in  part,  not  as  restrictod  by  ClilK  1802.) 

478.  Remora  remora  ( Linna>us).     (J.  &:  E.,  p.  494.) 

Xot  rare.     Valued  hy  the  Cliinese  as  medicine.     Generally  common  in  warm 

seas. 

Remorina  Jordan  and  Evernuuni. 

479.  Remorina  albescens  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).     (J.   vV-  K..  j).  4i)").) 
Troi^ical  Pacific.     Recorded  by  Fowler  from  Hawaii. 

Order   GOBIOIDEI. 

Family   XCML     ELEOTRID.E    (Sleepers). 

Eleotris  fGronow)  Schneider. 

480.  Eleotris  sandwicensis  ^'aillant  and  Sauvage.     Oopu.     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  479.) 
Common  in  shallow  watei'. 

Asterropteryx  Riippell. 

481.  Asterropteryx  semipunctatus  Riippell.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  480.) 

Common  throughout  the  South  Seas.     Frequent  on  the  reefs  at  Honolulu. 

EviOTA  Jenkins. 

482.  Eviota  epiphanes  .Jenkins.     (J.   &  E..  ]).  481.) 

A  minute  fish  of  the  reefs,  never  reaching  an  inch  in  lengtli. 

GoBioPTERUS  Bleeker. 

483.  Gobiopterus  farcimen  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   t'c  E.,  p.  482.) 
A  small  rock-fish.     One  specimen  knowii  from  Hilo. 

Family   XCVHL     GOBHD.E   (Gobies). 
QuiSQUiLiT's  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

484.  Quisquilius  eugenius  Jordan  and  Evermann.     i  J.   &  E.,  ]).  483.) 

A  very  small  fish.  X^ot  common.  In  the  type  of  tliis  sjiecies  the  two  ventrals, 
normally  united,  had  been  torn  apart,  hence  the  reference  in  Jordan  and  Evermann 's 
general  report  to  Gobiownrphus.     Jaws  with  small  canines. 


/b  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MI'SEUM. 

Bathygobius  Bleeker. 

(Mapn  Smitt.) 

485.  Bathygobius  fuscus  (Ruppcll).     ()6pu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  483.) 
Gohius  albopunctatus  Cuvier  and  ^^alencionlles. 

Gobhis  mndvicensis  Gimther. 

Exceedmgly  common  throughout  the  South  Rcas  in  shallow  water. 

OxYURicHTHYS  Bleeker. 

486.  Oxyurichthys  lonchotus  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E..  p.  485.) 

Common  along  the  sliore.  Oxyurichthys  differs  from  Gohiichthys  Klunzinger 
{Pselaphias  Jordan  and  Seale)  by  the  absence  of  the  superorbital  cirrus.  Gohionel- 
his  Girard  has  the  tongue  notched. 

A^iTRARiA  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

487.  Vitraria  clarescens  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  j).  48G.) 
A  minute  translucent  fish,  scarce  about  the  rocks  at  Hilo. 

Chlamydes  Jenkins. 

488.  Chlamydes  laticeps  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  4'86.) 
One  small  specimen  from  the  coral-reefs. 

Gnatholepis  Bleeker. 
( Huzeus  Jordan  and  Rnyder.) 

489.  Gnatholepis  knighti  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  487.) 
A  small  species,  abundant  in  brackish  water  about  Hilo. 

Kelloggella  Jordan  and  Scale. 

490.  Kelloggella  oligolepis  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  488.) 

A  minute  fish  of  the  reefs.  Not  very  common.  It  differs  from  the  t^^oe  of 
the  genus,  K.  cardinalis,  found  in  Samoa,  in  having  a  few  scales  posteriorly. 

Chonophorus  Poe.y. 

{Awaous  Steindachner.) 

The  name  Chonophorus,  July,  I860,  apparently  has  priority  over  Awaoiis, 
"presented"  on  July  12  of  the  same  year. 

491.  Chonophorus  genivittatus   (Guvier  and  Valenciennes).     Oopu.     (J.    &   E., 
p.  492.) 

Common  in  brackish  water. 


JORDAN    A\n    .lOHDAX:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  t\> 

492.  Chonophorus  stamineus  i  Eydoux  and  Soulcyet).     Oojxi.     (J.    ct  E.,  ]).  493.) 
Tlie  coinmonest  of  ;ill  (lie  Hawaiian  gobies,  or  Oopu.  found  every  where  in  the 

mouths  of  streams. 

SiCYDiuM  Cuvier  and  ^'alenciennes. 

493.  Sicydium  stimpsoni  (;ill.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  489.) 
A  river-fi.-^li.  locally  abundant  at  Hilo. 

494.  Sicydium  albotaeniatum  Giinther.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  490.) 

A  fish  of  the  rivers,  known  only  from  a  drawing  by  (iarrett. 

Lentipes  Giinther. 
(Sicyogaster  Gill:  preoccupied.) 

495.  Lentipes  concolor  (Gill).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  491.) 

Scarce  in  the  rivers  about  Hilo.     Body  said  to  be  wholly  naketl. 

496.  Lentipes  seminudus  (Jiinther.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  491.) 

One  specimen  recorded  from  a  stream  near  Honolulu.     Posterior  half  of  body 
with  small  scales,  the  anterior  region  naked. 

Order   JUGULARES. 

Family  XGIX.     PARAPERCID.E. 

OsuRUS  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

497.  Osurus  schauinslandi  (Steindachner).     (J.   &  E.,  ji.  47');   G.,  p.  642.) 
Parapercis  pterostigma  Jenkins. 

Not  rare  at  moderate  dei)ths. 

Neopercis  Steindachner. 

498.  Neopercis  roseoviridis  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  643.) 
Two  specimens,  taken  off  Maui. 

Bembrops  Steindachner. 

499.  Bembrops  filifera  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  643.) 
Deep  water  off  Afaui. 

Chrionema  Gilbert. 

500.  Chrionema  chryseres  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  645.) 
Deep  sea  off  Oaliu. 

501.  Chrionema  squamiceps  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  646.) 
Deep  sea  off  Maui. 


80  MEMOIUS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Pteropsaron  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

502.  Pteropsaron  incisum  Gilbert.     ((;.,  ]).  647.) 
Deej)  sea  off  J.aysan. 

Family   C.     C'HA:\IP80D0NTID.E. 

A  singular  family  of  uncertain  relation.shi])s.  The  ventrals,  although  inserted 
well  forward,  are  said  to  be  attached  to  the  shoulder-girdle.  This  with  other 
features  suggests  affinities  with  the  Parapercidce  and  other  Trachinoid  Jugulares. 

Champsodox  Giinther. 

503.  Champsodon  fimbriatus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  648.) 
Deep  sea,  Pailolo  Channel. 

Family   CI.     DRACONETTID-E. 
Draconetta  Jordan  and  Fowler. 

504.  Draconetta  hawaiiensis  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  652.) 
One  specimen  from  the  Pailolo  Channel. 

Family   CIL     CALLIOXYIMID.E    (Dragonets). 
Callioxyjius  Linnseus. 

505.  Callionymus  casruleonotatus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  648.) 
Pailolo  Channel  between  Maui  and  IMolokai. 

506.  Callionymus  corallinus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  649.) 

One  si)ecimen:   Avan  Channel  between  Alaui  and  Lanai. 

507.  Callionymus  rubrovinctus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  650.) 
Off  ]\Iolokai  and  Alaui  at  moderate  depths. 

Calliurk'hthys   Jordan  and  Fowler. 
50S.    Calliurichthys  decoratus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  651.) 

About  Oahu,  Molokai,  and  ^Nlaui  at  moderate  depths. 
509.    Calliurichthys  astrinius'- sj).  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan.     (PI.  IV,  fig.  1.) 

Ty])e:   No.  3903  Carnegie  Aluseimi.     Honolulu  Market.     D.  8.  Jordan  coll. 

Head  3.8  to  tip  of  preopercular  sjMnc  in  length  to  base  of  caudal:  depth  7; 
dorsal  rays  T\  .  9;  anal  rays  8;  pectoral  17;  eye  3.4  in  head  as  above;  maxillary 
3.4;  snout  3.2  to  tip  of  preopercular  spine. 

Bod}'  slender,  though  stouter  than  in  C.  decoratus;  snout  rather  long  and  low; 

'-  nstrinius  from  aarrip  =  star;    ivLov  =  the  najie. 


JORDAN    AND   JORDAN:    FISHES    OF   HAWAII.  81 

mouth  small;  the  maxillary  not  reaching  front  of  orbit;  eyes  large,  the  bony 
interorbital  space  not  grooved;  occipital  region  with  two  clusters  of  low  bony 
radiating  ridges;  preopercular  spine  long,  straight,  reaching  past  axil  of  anal  and  to 
below  second  dorsal  spine,  its  upper  edge  with  about  seven  small  serrse,  a  strong 
spine  directed  forward  at  its  base,  lower  edge  of  spine  smooth;  no  other  s]iine  on 
head. 

First  ray  of  dorsal  filamentous,  reaching  fifth  soft  ray,  the  others  progressively 
shorter;  tip  of  last  soft  ray  reaching  just  past  base  of  caudal,  the  height  of  the 
soft  rays  nearly  twice 'that  of  the  body  below  them;  the  rays  subequal  in  height, 
higher  than  all  the  dorsal  spines,  except  the  first;  anal  beginning  and  ending  slightly 
behind  soft  dorsal.  Lateral  line  evident,  forking  on  head  and  on  base  of  tail, 
extending  on  fourth  caudal  ray  for  a  very  short  distance.  Pectoral  fin  broad,  not 
sjonmetrical,  1.25  in  head;  ventrals  longer,  1.1;  caudal  fin  excessively  long,  as 
usual  in  the  males  of  this  genus,  hah  longer  than  head. 

Color  olivaceous  browai  above,  white  below,  cheeks  dusky;  sides  with  (juadrate 
light  gray  spots,  deeper  than  long  and  arranged  in  irregular  quincunx,  with  roundish 
dark  spots  and  gray  spots  interspersed,  those  on  back  smaller,  the  pattern  inde- 
scribable, but  well  shown  in  the  figure;  head  with  round  black  spots  and  larger 
gray  ones;  first  dorsal  with  four  or  five  dark  cross-shades;  the  tips  of  the  posterior 
three  spines  darker,  first  or  long  spine  with  dark  cross-bars.  Soft  dorsal  with  six 
or  seven  rows  of  smaU  dark  spots  intermingled  with  much  smaller  ones;  caudal 
with  twelve  cross  series  of  small  black  spots;  lower  two-thirds  of  anal  nearly  white; 
distal  part  black  with  small  white  spots;  ventrals  with  three  or  four  rows  of  round 
black  spots;  breast  and  opercles  with  fainter  spots,  similar  in  fashion;  pectorals 
colorless. 

This  species  is  allied  to  Calliurichthys  decoratus,  differing  in  the  less  elongate 
body  and  the  coloration.  The  type  is  unique,  presumably  a  male,  judging  from 
the  filamentous  dorsal.     It  is  nearly  six  inches  long,  including  caudal. 

510.    Calliurichthys  zanectes'^  sp.  nov.     Jordan  and  Jordan.     (PI.  I\',  fig.  2.) 

Type  No.  3904  Carnegie  JMuseum,  Honolulu  ^Market.     D.  Starr  Jordan  coll. 
Head  3.33  in  length  to  base  of  caudal;  depth  8.5;  dorsal  rays  9;  anal  rays  8; 
pectoral  raj's  15;  eye  4.5  in  head;  snout  2.66  to  end  of  preopercular  spine;  maxil- 
lary 4. 

Body  very  slender;  head  low;  the  snout  rather  long  and  depressed;  the 
maxillary  not  nearly  reaching  the  front  of  ej'e;  preopercular  spine  straight,  rather 
short,  not  reaching  base  of  second  dorsal  spine,  upper  edge  of  the  spine  with  a 

"  zancctfs,  derived  from  fd  an  intensive  particle,  and  vrjKTris  =  swimmer. 


82  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

series  of  eight  or  nine  saw-teeth;  a  strong  spine  directed  backward  at  base;  back 
of  head  with  two  groups  of  radiating  bony  ridges,  a  httle  plainer  than  in  the  pre- 
ceding species;  first  dorsal  spine  not  ])roduced,  barely  longer  than  the  second,  all 
of  them  lower  than  the  soft  rays.  Caudal  fin  excessively  long,  a  little  longer  than 
the  rest  of  the  body;  first  dorsal  spine  1.75  in  head;  pectoral  1.166;  ventral  a 
little  longer  than  head;  tips  of  dorsal  and  anal  extending  a  little  bej^ond  base  of 
caudal.     Lateral  line  well  developed,  with  some  branches  on  head. 

Color  dark  olive  above,  pale  below;  sides  with  several  vague  dark  cross-shades; 
sides  of  back  with  irregular  white  spots,  some  of  them  quadrate  and  rather  large, 
others  round  and  small,  the  lower  series  comma-shaped,  the  point  turned  do'Roiward 
and  backward;  a  larger  round  dark  spot  just  below  middle  line  at  base  of  caudal; 
head  with  small  dark  spots;  first  dorsal  jet-black  at  tip;  a  white  crescent  setting 
off  the  black  margin,  rest  of  fin  white  with  small  black  spots  and  dark  cross-shades. 
Soft  dorsal  profusely  covered  with  round  black  spots,  arranged  in  sinuous  rows, 
among  which  are  dark  streaks.  Caudal  with  black  spots  of  various  sizes,  those  at 
its  base  smaller,  the  whole  arranged  in  about  ten  irregular  cross-bands.  Distal 
half  of  anal  jet-black,  basal  part  white.  Ventrals  and  breast  partly  white,  with 
some  rather  large  irregular  black  spots.  Pectorals  with  much  smaller  spots,  growing 
fainter  below. 

This  interesting  species  is  kno-v\ai  from  the  type,  which  is  ten  and  one -half 
inches  long,  including  the  caudal  fin.  It  was  found  in  the  market  at  Honolulu. 
It  is  nearest  CalUurichthys  astrinius  from  the  same  locality,  but  kas  a  slenderer 
body,  the  first  dorsal  spine  lower,  and  the  caudal  longer.  The  short  dorsal  spine  is 
often  characteristic  of  the  female  in  this  famih',  but  the  longer  caudal  indicates 
the  male.     It  is  barely  possible  that  this  may  prove  to  be  the  female  of  C.  astrinius. 

Family   CIII.     CLINID.^. 

Enneapterygius  Riippell. 
(Enneanectes  Jordan  and  Evermann.) 

511.  Enneapterygius  atripes  (Jenkins).     (J.  &  E.,  p.  496.) 

Common  in  holes  in  the  coral-reefs.  A  dainty  little  fish,  rarely  two  inches 
long,  found  in  Hawaii,  as  in  Samoa,  in  company  with  species  of  Eviota. 

Family   CIV.     BLENNID^   (Blennies). 
Blennius  Linnteus. 

512.  Blennius  sordidus  Bennett.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  497.) 
Recorded  by  Bennett  from  Hawaii. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES   OF    HAWAII.  83 

lluPiscARTES  Swainson. 
(Alticus  (Commerson)  Bleeker.) 
Canines  present :    dorsal  fin  divided.     The  question  of  the  pertinence  of  the 
name  Ri(piscartes  is  not  yet  settled,  and  perhaps  the  older  name  Alticus  should  be 
used,  although  non-binomial. 

513.  Rupiscartes  variolosus  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).     (J.   &  E..  ii.  497.) 
South  8eas.     Rather  rare  about  Hawaii. 

514.  Rupiscartes  marmoratus  (Bennett).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  498.) 
Hawaii.     Quite  common  about  the  reefs. 

515.  Rupiscartes  gibbifrons  (Quo}'  and  Gaimard).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  498.) 
^^nlarias  nitilu.'<  Jenkins. 

Rather  rare.     A  fish  of  the  reefs. 

Salarias  Cuvier. 

516.  Salarias  zebra  Vaillant  and  Sauvage.     (J.  it  E..  y>.  501.) 
Salarias  cypho  Jenkins. 

Very  abundant  along  the  reefs. 

517.  Salarias  edentulus  (Bloch  and  Schneider). 

Reported  from  Laysan  and  Honolulu,  but  not  seen  by  us. 

ExALLiAS  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

518.  Exallias  brevis  (Kner).     Pao'okauila.     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  503.) 

Rather  rare. 

Enchelyurus  Peters. 

519.  Enchelyurus  ater  (Gimther).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  500.) 
A  very  small  fish,  not  rare  on  the  reefs. 

Family  CV.     CONGROGADID.E. 

CoNGROGADUS  Gimther. 

520.  Congrogadus  marginatus  A'aillant  and  Sauvage.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  504.) 
Known  onl}^  from  the  type,  said  to  be  from  Hawaii. 

Family   CYI.     BROTELID.E. 

Brotula  Cuvier. 

521.  Brotula  marginalis  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  507.) 
Scarce. 

522.  Brotula  multicirrata  ^'aillant  and  Sauvage.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  508.) 
Rare. 


84  MEMOIK«    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Family   CVII.     LYCODAPODID.E 
Snyderidia  Gilbert. 

523.  Snyderidia  canina  (iilhcrt.     ((J.,  j).  055.) 
Deoj)  sea,  off  Kauai. 

Family   ('MIL     FIERA8FERID.E   (Pearl-fishes). 

(Carapidcp.) 

Fierasfer  Cuvier. 

(Carapus  Rafines(|uc,  in  part.) 

524.  Fierasfer  microdon  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  655.) 
Avan  Ghannel.     One  specimen  known. 

525.  Fierasfer  homei  (Richardson).     (J.   &  f].,  j).  535.) 

One  specimen  from  the  interior  of  a  Holothurian  iStichopus). 

JoRDANicus  Gilbert. 
520.  Jordanicusumbratilis  (Jordan  and  Evermann).     (J.  &E.,p.  505;  G.,  p.  656.) 
Puako  Ikiy.     One  specimen  known.     Beino;  entirely  black  in  color,  it  ])robably 
inhabits  lava-rocks,  rather  than  the  interior  of  Holothurians  or  large  lamellibranchs. 

Order   PLECTOGNATHI. 
Suborder  SOLE  ROD  ERMI. 

(This  grouj)  is  clearly  connected  with  the  Squdiuipcnncs.) 

Family    GIX.     RALI8TID.E    (Trigger-fishes). 

Sufflamen  Jordan. 

(Pachynathiis  Swainson.     Name  preoccupied  as  Pachygnathus,  of  which  the 

International  Commission  of  Nomenclature  regards  it  as  a  mis]n-int.      Cf.  Jordan, 

Gojieia,  1916,  ]).  27.     Archety])e  BttUstes  capistratus  Shaw.) 

This  genus  is  near  Batistes,  differing  in  the  convex  caudal,  the  low,  more  or 
less  rounded  dorsal  and  anal,  and  in  the  presence  of  spines  or  tubercles  on  the 
caudal  peduncle.  \'entral  flaj)  with  small  thick  spines.  Lateral  line  incomplete. 
A  groove  before  the  eye  as  in  Balistes. 

527.  Sufflamen  vidua  (Solander).      Huinuhiitmi  hiiikolc;   Hiimuluimu  itli.     (J.    & 
E.,  p.  409.) 
South  Seas.     Not  common  at  Honolulu. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  8o 

528.  Sufflamen  bursa  iLacepedc).      HumuJiutnit  lei.     {.].   cV:  E.,  p. -ilO.) 

South  Seas.     Rathor  common  at  Honolulu. 
o2\).  Sufflamen  capistratus  iShaw).      Humuhumu  numi:  Mitm'.     (J.   A:  E.,  p.  411.) 

Common.     Known  by  ihc  golden  ring  around  the-  iiiouth,  witli  a  pale  streak 
behind  it,  this  often  wanting. 

530.  Sufflamen  fuscolineatus  (Seale).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  409.) 
Rare.     Known  only  from  the  types. 

531.  Sufflamen  nycteris  (Jordan  and  Evermann).     CJ.   &  E.,  p.  408.) 
Known  onl>'  from  the  tyi)e.     Scales  very  small;   color  black. 

Balistapi's  Tilesius. 

532.  Balistapus     rectangulus    (Bloch    and    Schneider).      Huniuhumu    tiukunuku 
apua'a.     (J.   &  E..  p.  413.) 

Rather  common. 

533.  Balistapus  aculeatus  (Linnaeus).     (J.   &  E..  ]).  414.) 
South  Seas.     Not  rare  in  Hawaii. 

Canthidermis  Swainson. 

534.  Canthidermis  angulosus  (,Quoy  and  Gaimard).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  415.)     (PI.  IV, 
fig.  3;  C.  :\L  Xo.  3905). 

This  species,  the  t^iie  of  the  genus  Canthidermis,  has  not  been  seen  since  it 
was  first  described  by  (^uoy  and  Gaimard  from  Hawaii  in  1S24.  We  present  a 
figure  of  a  fine  example  found  in  the  Honolulu  market  b>'  Mr.  (irinnell  in  August, 
1921. 

535.  Canthidermis  aureolus  (Richardson).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  415.) 
Recorded  from  Laysan  Ijy  Steindachner. 

Xanthichthys  Kaup. 

536.  Xanthichthys  lineopunctatus  (Hollard).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  410.) 
Xanthichthys  mento  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

Rare.     Lately  taken  off  San  Diego,  as  well  as  at  Clarion  Island. 

INIelichthys  Swainson. 

537.  Melichthys  radula  I'Solander).      Humuhumu  eleele.     (J.  &:  E.,  p.  417.) 
Xot  common. 


SG  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Family   C'X.     MONACANTHID.E   (Leather-jackets). 
Cantherines  Swainson. 

538.  Catherines  sandwichiensis  fQuoy  and  Gaimard).     O'ililepa;  OJma.     (J.    & 
E.,  p.  418.) 

Catherines  carolce  Jordan  and  McGregor. 
Xot  rare. 

539.  Cantherines  albopunctatus  (Reale).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  420.) 

Kare.     Also  recorded  from  Tahiti  l)y  Regan  as  PseudomonacantJnis  viultiinacu- 
latus. 

Stephanolepis  GilL 

540.  Stephanolepis  spilosomus  (Lay  and  Bennett).     Oili  uwiwi.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  420.) 
Common  at  intervals.     Its  appearance  is  said  to  precede  the  death  of  some 

great  personage. 

541.  Stephanolepis  price!  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  421.) 
Deep  water  off  Kauai.     Only  one  specimen  knowTi. 

Alutera  Cuvier. 
§  Osbeckia  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

542.  Alutera  liturosa  Shaw.     O'ililepa;  Ohua.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  422.) 

Osbeckia  scripta  Jordan  and  Evermann.     Perhaps  the  same  as  Alutera  scripta 
(Osbeck)  the  tyjie  of  which  from  the  Canaries  represents  the  Atlantic  form. 
Not  common.     The  young  show  little  trace  of  the  characteristic  markings. 

§  Alutera  Cuvier. 

543.  Alutera  monoceros  (Osbeck).     Loulu.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  423.) 

Common  in  the  South  Seas.     IvnoAvai  from  Honolulu  only  from  a  painting  by 
Mrs.  Dillingham. 

Suborder   G  YMXODOXTES. 

Family   CXL     TETRAODOXTID.E   (Puffers). 

Lagocephalus  Swainson. 

544.  Lagocephalus  oceanicus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  425.) 
Known  by  two  examples  from  the  Honolulu  market. 

Spheroides  Lacepede. 

545.  Spheroides  florealis  (Cope).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  426.) 
Rare  about  Hawaii. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  S< 

Tetraodox  Linn  sens. 

(Arothron  Miiller  and  Henle.) 
The  relations  of  the  Pacific  species,  representing  the  section  called  Ovoides, 
to  the  origmal  Tetmodon  lineatus  of  Egypt  have  not  ])een  determined.     According 
to  Gill  the  skull  differs  materially  in  the  two  groups. 

§  Ovoides  Cuvier. 

546.  Tetraodon  hispidus  Linnaeus.     Maki-maki;  Oopiihue;    Keke.     (J.    ct  E..  p. 
427.) 

Very  abundant  and  widely  distributed.     The  flesh  is  reported  to  be  extremcly 
poisonous.  as  the  name  ^[nki  (  =  death)  indicates. 

547.  Tetraodon  lacrymatus  (Cuvier).     (J.   &  E.,  j).  429.) 
Arothron  ophryas  Cope. 

Ovoides  latifrons  Jenkins. 

Rare.     Originally  described  from  Hawaii,  but  not  taken  by  us. 

Family   CXIL     CANTHIGASTERID.E.. 

Canthigaster  Swainson. 

(Tropidichthys  Bleeker;  Eumycterias  Jenkins.) 

548.  Canthigaster  jactator  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  430.) 
Rare. 

549.  Canthigaster  oahuensis  (Jenkins).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  432.) 
Rare. 

550.  Canthigaster  cinctus  (Solander).     (J.  &  E.,  p.  433.) 
South  Seas.     Rare  at  Honolulu. 

55L  Canthigaster  psegma  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.   cl-  E.,  p.  433.) 
Two  specimens  known;   commoner  in  Samoa. 

552.  Canthigaster  janthinus  (Vaillant  and  Sauvage).     (J.   tt  E.,  p.  434.) 
Kno\m  only  from  the  original  U'pe. 

553.  Canthigaster  epilamprus  (Jenkins).     Puu  olai.     (J.   ct  E.,  p.  434.) 
Kno^^^l  only  from  the  tyi)e. 

554.  Canthigaster  bitaeniatus  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  435.) 

Kno'wai  only  from  the  type.     Perhaps  the  same  as  the  Japanese  Canthigaster 
rivulatus. 


88  '  MEMOIRS   OF   THE    CAKNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Family   (^XIII.     DIODONTIDJi   (Porcupine-fishes). 
Chilomycterus  Bibron. 
')')').  Chilomycterus  affinis  CUmthcr.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  438.) 
Chilomycterus  calijornierms  Eigenmann. 
Not  rare  about  Honolulu,  where  we  have  lately  taken  a  large  example. 

DioDON  Linnteus. 
006.  Diodon  hystrix  Linnaeus.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  437.) 
Scarce. 

557.  Diodon  holacanthus  Linnaeus.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  436.) 
Lays an. 

558.  Diodon  nudifrons  Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  438.) 
Rare. 

Family   CXIV.     iMOLID.E   (Head-fishes). 

MoLA  Kolreuter. 
(Mola  Cuvier;  Orthagoriscus  Bloch.) 

559.  Mola  mola  (Linnaeus). 

One  example  has  been  recorded  in  the  local  press  as  having  been  taken  at 
Honolulu. 


Fig.  7.      Ma><!iinis  Idnccoldlii.s  (Lieiuinl).     Frcnu  a  cast  four  feet  long  in  tlio  Bcniice  Paualii  Bishop 

-Museum,  Honolulu. 


JORDAN    AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  89 

AlASTfRUS  Gill. 
(Cf.  Gill.  Proc.  U.  8.  N.  .M..  \II.  1884,  p.  425.) 
Caudal  fin  pointed:  otherwise  much  as  in  Mola. 

560.  Masturus  lanceolatus  (Lienard). 
Orthagoiiscus  oxyvropferus  Bleeker. 

The  Bishop  ^luseum  contains  a  cast  four  feet  long  of  this  very  rare  sjiecies. 
Of  this  cast  we  present  a  photograph.  The  posterior  parts  are  marked  with  many 
small  white  spots.     This  is  the  third  specimen  of  a  Masfunift  on  record. 

Ranzania  Xardo. 

561.  Ranzania  makua  Jenkins.     Makun;  Apahu.     (J.   &  E..  p.  440.) 

Four  examples  are  now  knowai  from  Honolulu  and  one  from  Japan.  A  fine 
cast  of  a  large  example  is  in  the  Bishop  Museum.  It  is  very  doubtful  whether  the 
species  is  distinct  from  Ranzania  truncata  Xardo,  of  the  Atlantic. 

This  strange  fish  is  very  handsomely  colored  in  life,  as  Dr.  Jenkins'  excellent 
plate  shows. 

Suborder   OS  TRA  CODERMI. 

Family   CX^'.     08TRACIID.E    (Trunk-fishes). 

Ostracion  Linnaeus. 

562.  Ostracion  sebse  Bleeker.     Moa.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  442.) 
Ostracion  camurum  Jenkins. 

Abundant  about  Honolulu. 

563.  Ostracion  oahuense  Jordan  and  Evcrmann.     (J.   &  E..  p.  443.) 
Rather  scarce. 

564.  Ostracion  lentiginosum  Bloch  and  Schneider.     Oopakaku.     (J.  ct  E.,  p.  443.) 
South  Seas.     Rare  at  Honolulu. 

Lactoria  .Jordan  and  Fowler. 

565.  Lactoria  schlemmeri  Jordan  and  Snyder.     (J.   c*c  E.,  p.  444.) 
Laysan . 

566.  Lactoria  galeodon  .Jenkins.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  445.) 
Rare  about  Honolulu. 

Capropygia  Gray. 
( Kentrocapros  Ivaup.) 
This  genus  differs  from  Aracana  in  having  the  carapace  six-ridged. 

567.  Capropygia  spilonota  (Gilbert).     (G.,  p.  627.) 
Lavsan.  rare. 


90  MEMOIKS   OF   THE    CAKNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Order   PEDICULATI. 

Family   CXVI.     L0PHIIDJ5   (Fishing-frogs). 

LoPHioMus  Gill. 

568.  Lophiomus  miacanthus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  691.) 
Deep  seas  off  Hawaii. 

Family   CXVII.    ANTENNARIIDiE   (Sea-toads). 
Antennarius  (Commerson)  Lacepede. 

569.  Antennarius  sandvicensis  (Bennett).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  518.) 
Rare. 

570.  Antennarius  commersoni  Lacepede.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  518.) 
South  Sea.'^.     Found  at  Honolulu  by  Jenkins. 

571.  Antennarius  leprosus  Eydoux  and  Souleyet.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  519.) 
Rare.     Known  only  from  Honolulu. 

572.  Antennarius  laysanius  Jordan  and  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  520.) 
Laysan.     Only  one  specimen  is  known. 

573.  Antennarius  bigibbus  Lacepede.     (J.   c^-  E.,  ]).  520.) 
South  Seas.     Rare  about  Hawaii. 

574.  Antennarius  drombus  Jordan  and  Evermann.     (J.  &  E.,  p.  521.) 
South  Seas.     Rare. 

575.  Antennarius  duescus  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  522.) 
Occasional  at  moderate  dei)ths. 

576.  Antennarius  nexilis  Snyder.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  523.) 
Honolulu.     Only  one  specimen  known. 

Family   CXYHI.     CHAUNACID.^'. 
Chaunax  Lowe. 

577.  Chaunax  umbrinus  Ciilbert.     (G.,  p.  693.) 

Deep  sea.     Pailolo  Channel.     Only  one  specimen  known. 

Family   CXIX.     CERATIID.E   (Sea-devils). 
MioPBAEAS  Gilbert. 

578.  Miopsaras  myops  Gilbert.     fG.,  p.  694.) 

Deep  sea  off  Kauai.     Only  one  specimen  known. 


JORDAN   AND    JORDAN:    FISHES    OF    HAWAII.  91 

Family  CXX.     OGCOCEPHALID.E   (Sea-bats). 
Malthopsis  Alcock. 

579.  Malthopsis  mitrigera  Gilbert  and  Cramer.     (G.,  p.  695.) 
Deep  sea,  abundant. 

580.  Malthopsis  jordani  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  695.) 
Deep  sea,  not  rare. 

Halieut.ea  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 

581.  Halieutasa  retif era  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  696.) 
Deep  sea,  not  rare, 

Dibranchus  Peters. 

582.  Dibranchus  erythrinus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  697.) 
Deep  sea  off  Kauai.     One  specimen  known. 

583.  Dibranchus  stellulatus  Gilbert.     (G.,  p.  698.) 
Deep  sea  off  ]\Iaui.     One  specimen  known. 

INTRODUCED  SPECIES. 

Order  EVENTOGNATHI. 

Family   CYPRIXID.E. 

Cyprinus  Linnseus. 

Cyprinus  carpio  Linnaeus.     (Carp.)     (J.  &  E.,  p.  527.) 

Carp  have  been  (unfortunately)  introduced  into  ponds  on  Maui  and  Kauai. 

Carassius  Xilsson. 

Carassius  auratus  (Linnaeus).     Gold-fish.     (J.  &  E.,  pp.  527,  532.) 
The  common  gold-fish  from  Japan  has  escaped  into  streams. 

Order    NEMATOGNATHI. 

Family  A:\IEIURID.E. 

Ameiurus  Rafinesque  (Catfish). 

Ameiurus  nebulosus  (Le  Sueur).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  530.) 

The  common  catfish  of  the  Potomac  has  been  taken  from  California  to  Hilo. 
Its  fate  is  unkno-mi. 


92        .  MEMOIRS    OF   THE    CARNEGIE    MUSEUM. 

Family   CLARIID.E. 
Clarias  (Gronow)  Scopoli. 
Clarias  fuscus  (Lacepede).     (J.   &  E.,  p.  530.) 

Introduced  from  China;  said  to  be  occasionall.y  taken  about  Honolulu. 

Ortler   HAPLOMI, 

Family   CYPRIXODONTID.E. 

Gambusia  Poey  (Top-minnows). 
Gambusia  affinis  Baird  and  Girard. 

Introduced  from  Galveston,  Texas,  by  ]\Ir.  Alvin  Seale  to  kill  mosquitoes. 
Now  abundant  in  fresh-water  pools. 

Order  LABYRINTHICI. 
Family   OPHICEPHALID.E. 

Ophicephalus  Bloch. 
Ophicephalus  striatus  Bloch.     (J.   &  E.,  p.  .533.) 

Introduced  by  the  Chinese  into  ponds  about  Honolulu;  and  noAv  said  to 
be  common. 

Family  CENTRARCHID.E. 

(Micropteridce.) 
MiCROPTERus  Lacepede. 
Micropterus  salmoides  (Lacepede.) 

A  species  of  Black  Bass  was  brought  to  Hilo  in  1897  and  placed  in  the  Wailuke 
River.  It  is  supposed  that  all  were  swept  away  bj^  a  freshet  soon  after  they  were 
planted. 

ADDENDA. 

No.  133a.     Hymenocephalus  tenuis  Gilbert  and  Hubbs,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
Vol.  LIV,  1919,  p.  173. 
Deep  seas.     Off  Oahu,  dredged  by  "Albatross." 

This  species  was  unfortunately  overlooked  during  the  preparation  of 
the  manuscript. 
No.  254.       Since  the  paged    proof  of    this  article  went  to  press  Air.  John  T. 
Nichols  has  published  this  species  in   the   "American   Aluseum 
Novitates,"  No.  50,  p.  2. 


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11 


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2.   ('(iili-dpyyc  tutiiiliv  .](ivi\iiu  ^:  .]im\:in.     Tyi)c.      No.  ollO'J,  ( '.  M.     Samoa. 
3.  Cbciliiiu.s  biiiriciddtiix    Vnv.  <k  \-a\.     Xd.  o'.tDli.  ( '.  AT.     Honolulu. 


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MEMOIRS 


OF   THE 


CARNEGIE    MUSEUM 

Vol.  X.  No.  2. 


RECORD  OF  FISHES  OBTAINED  BY  DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

IN  JAPAN,   1922. 

By  David  Stake  Jordan  and  Carl  Leavitt  Hubbs. 

(The  SaliiKHiidu-  liy  David  Starr  .Inrdan  and  Ernest  Alexander  ?kIe<.irea:or.) 

(Pl.\te.s  V-XII.) 
IXTKODrCTOI'vY. 

The  senior  author  sjx'iit  the  month,-^  of  Octohci-  and  Novenilx'r,  1!)22,  in 
Japan  on  the  occasion  of  a  third  visit  to  tliat  rountry.  In  connection  with  edu- 
cational work  and  social  duties  he  found  time  to  make  the  rounds  of  the  tish- 
markets  in  sevei'al  cities,  and  with  the  help  of  naturalist  fiiends  was  able  largely 
to  supplement  his  previous  collections.  These  wt're  the  series  collected  in  asso- 
ciation with  Professor  John  Otteihein  Snyder  in  1900,  and  that  obtained  by  himself 
in  1911.  The  first  of  these  collections  has  been  described,  group  by  grou]),  in 
numerous  papers  in  the  Pnirccdinys  of  the  United  States Xatiotud  Museum.  The 
second  was  recoixled  by  Jordan  and  Thom]ison  (\Mlliam  Francis)  in  the  Memoirs 
of  the  Carnegie  Museum,  Vol.  VI,  Sept.  1914,  pp.  205-313. 

The  present  collection  was  delivered  in  California  without  charge  thiough  the 
continued  courtesy  of  Mr.  Sochiro  Asano,  President  of  the  Toyo  Kisen  Kaisha 
(Oriental  Steamship  Company),  and  his  Assistant,  Mr.  Yoshio  Yeto,  a   foinier 
student  of  the  senior  author.     To  two  former  students.  Dr.  Toshiyasu  Kuma 
Tokyo  and  Henry  Chamberlain  of  Los  Angeles,  we  may  also  express  our  indcbtcc 
ness  for  various  helpful  services. 

93 


OI 


i)4  MEMOIRS  OF  TlIK  ('AKNK(iIp:  MUSEUM. 

T]n'  Iiii|H'rial  Liiivcrsitifs  of  Tokyo,  Kyoto,  and  Sajjporo  to(jk  .special  iiitx'i'cst 
in  the  work,  sending  out  nienibcrs  of  their  staffs  in  different  directions  to  secure 
matei-ial  and  to  assist  in  various  ways. 

The  collection  of  1922,  nunihering  five  hundred  and  twenty-five  species, 
consists  of  the  following: 

1.  Specimens  ohtaincd  hy  .Imilaii  in  the  markets  of  Tolcyo,  Ynl<iiliama,  Sliizuiii<a,  Nasoya,  Kaclii 
River,  Lake  Suvva,  Lake  Biwa,  Yodn  I{iver,  Osaka,  Kyoto,  Kol)e,  Nara,  Yamada  in  Ise,  and  Toba.  Tiic 
material  from  Tokyo  all  comes  to  market  by  way  of  Yokohama,  mostly  from  the  shores  of  Shimosa,  Boshu, 
and  Sagami  (Misaki).  That  from  Osaka,  Kyoto,  and  Nara  is  mostly  from  the  Inland  Sea,  landed  at  the 
l)ort  of  Kobe;  the  market  of  Yamada  is  mainly  supi)lied  from  '{"oba. 

2.  Specimens  nf  ^-duni;  salmon,  or  trout,  collected  in  the  Shibu  River  (Shil)Uf;a\va)  near  Ikao, 
Kotsuke,  in  Central  .lapan,  (ni  a  special  trip  by  Dr.  Cliiydniatsu  Ishikawa  of  the  Collcf^e  of  Agriculture 
in  the  Imi)orial  liiiversity  of  Tokyo. 

3.  Material  selected  by  Dr.  Lshikaw.a  and  Dr.  Yojiro  Wakiya  (now  Director  of  Fisheries  in  Korea) 
from  the  accumulations  of  the  Collefie  of  Afiriculture. 

List  of  localities  in  Collection  3. 

(On  each  of  the  specimens  numbered  cloth-tags  are  attaclied,  with  the  initials 
'I.  W.'  (Ishikawa  and  Wakiya). 

Lake  KawaKuchi,  and  Lake  Yamanaka,  Province  of  Ivoslui,  near  Fujiyama  (Masashi  Ishikawa), 

Nos.  1-27. 
Mikawa,  i>rovince  of  Mikawa,  near  Nagoya  (M.  Ishikawa),  Nos.  28-200. 
Nagano,  Shinshu,  (Nagano  Ken  l''ishery  Institution),  Nos.  201-220. 
Himeji,  Harima  (Ryohei  Abe),  Nos.  221-30.5. 
Okayama,  Bizen  (Kumachichi  Mikamo),  Nos.  30(3-334. 
Toyama,  Etchu  (Shosaku  Yoshizawa),  Nos.  335-343;  4.59-53.5. 
Akita,  L^go,  north  western  Japan  (Akita-Ken  Experiment  Station),  No.s.  344-359. 
Wakayama,  Kishu  (Kyoto  Imjierial  University),  Nos.  360-3S6. 
Chikuma  River,  Lake  Suwa,  and  Lake  Kizaki,  Shinshu,  (T.  Ota)  Nos.  387-420. 
Aoniori,  Mutsu  (Yoshimo  Bejiini),  Nos.  421-427. 
Choshi,  Shimosa  (C'h.  Ishikawa),  Nos.  428-444. 
Shibu  River,  Oumba,  near  Ikao  (mountain-stream  flowing  into  the  Pacific  (C'h.  Ishikawa),  Nos.  445- 

457. 
Yiunaguchi,  Suwo,  (Yamaguchi  Agricult\iral  Station),  Nos.  458-468. 
Miyazu, Tango  (Kyoto  Fisheries  Institute),  Nos.  530-652. 
Fukuoka,  Chikuzen  (Shunsaburo  Ilamada),  Nos.  653-690. 
Noo,  near  Niigata,  Echizen  (Noo  Fishery  School),  Nos.  691-803. 
Iwate,  Rikuchu  (Kyoji  Awai),  Nos.  804-818. 
Lake  Kozan  and  Lake  Tojo,  Tattori,  Inabe  (Shiyiro  Inomata),  Nos.  912-918. 

4.  A  large  collection  frcnn  Misaki,  made  l>y  the  veteran  fisherman  of  the  Marine  Laboratory, 
Kumakichi  Aoki,  affectionately  known  as  Kuma,  who  has  again  raided  the  roek-iiools  and  dijiped  into 
the  depths  of  the  inexhaustible  Bay  of  Sagami.  In  this  lot  there  are  one  hundred  and  eighty  si)ecies, 
indicated  liy  the  initial  'A'. 

5.  Collections  made  by  Dr.  Wakiya  in  Lake  Biwa,  Kagoshima  Bay,  Kumamoto,  and  other  localities 
on  the  island  of  Kyusyu  and  from  various  bays  and  streams  in  southwestern  Japan,  as  well  as  at  Fusan 
and  in  the  Ping-yang  River  in  Korea. 


.lOKDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1!I22.  95 

List  of  localities  in   Collection  5.     (Wakiya) 

(On  each  of  the  specimens  taken  by  Dr.  A\  aki^a  is  a  clotli-tas.  with  tmniixT 
and  the  letter  •W.) 

Kasoshima  Bay,  Satsiima,  Nos.  1-291. 

Brooks  at  Yainawa,  near  Kagoshima,  Xos.  202-302. 

Bay  of  Ariake,  Nos.  334-335. 

River  at  Kuniamoto,  Xos.  336-473. 

River  at  Ozu,  i)rovince  of  lyo.  Shikoku,  Xos.  474-4S,S. 

River  at  Hamada  in  Iwauii,  Xos.  4S9-513. 

Lake  Biwa,  Xos.  .')14-.52S. 

Ping- Yang  River,  Chosen,  Xos.  520-53.5. 

I'wajima,  lyo,  Shikoku,  Xo.  53(). 

Kuina  River  near  Kunuunoto,  Xos.  537-53S. 

River  at  Hamada.  Iwanii.  Xos.  530-541. 

Jiiitsu  River,  near  Toyauia,  Hida,  Xo.  542. 

Mouth  of  the  River  Kitakami  near  Senchii,  I'likuzcn,  .Xos.  545-547. 

Upper  tributaries  of  Kiso  River  in  Shinshu,  Xo.  54S. 

Hachi,  Komasliilia.  Fukui,  Hino  River,  and  Lakes  Kita.aata  and  Mikata,  Ecliizcn,  (Kolici  Xonaka) 

Xos.  910-007. 
Lake  Kasumigaura,  Mito  (Kancmatsu  Ilattori)  Xos.  087-1031. 

6.  Specimens  from  Otaru  and  Takashima  made  liy  I.  Moiiwaki.  Chief  of  the  Hokkaido  fisheries 
Exi)erimcnt  Station  at  Takashima,  sent  througli  Professor  Shigeho  Tanaka  of  the  IiuiK'rial  University 
of  Tokyo. 

7.  Specimens  from  Ku^-hiro  market  from  K.  Akitani,  Chief  of  tlu-  Kushiro  Fisheries  Substation, 
sent  througli  I'rofessor  Tanaka. 

8.  Specimens  from  Xeniuro  market,  from  T.  Murakami.  Cliief  of  the  Xemuro  Fislieries  Sulista- 
tion,  sent  through  Professor  Tanaka. 

9.  Specimens  sent  from  the  Imperial  University  of  Sa])])iiro,  through  Professors  S.  X'ozawa,  and 
Madoka  Sasaki;  these  obtained  about  Otaru  and  Sajiiioro,  by  Messrs.  S.  Takayasu  and  Toyozi  Majima. 

10.  Specimens  obtained  by  I'rofessor  Senzi  Yamamoto  of  the  Imperial  University  of  Kyoto  at 
Wakanoura  in  Kishu,  and  in  company  with  the  senior  author  at  Osaka.  Kobe,  Yainada,  and  Toba. 

11.  Specimens  otstained  with  the  help  of  Professor  Tamiji  Kawamura  of  tin-  Imperial  Fniversify 
of  Kyoto,  in  Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu,  a  few  added  from  jirevious  collections  in  different  localities. 

12.  Si)ecimens  presented  by  a  former  student,  I'rofessor  Yoshiro  Manalie  of  the  Kansei  Gakuin 
(College)  of  Kobe,  by  Kokichi  Mikimoto  from  his  iiearl-fisheries  at  Tatoku  Island  in  Shima,  and  Yasukei 
Tsuchiga,  a  teacher  of  science  in  the  local  "Middle  School"  of  Yamada. 

13.  Specimens  collected  by  Mr.  M.  Gist  Gee  at  Soo-chow.  China,  and  sent  by  Dr.  Cora  B.  Reeves 
to  the  Museum  of  Zoology  of  the  University  of  Michigan. 

14.  Specimens  collected  about  1008  by  the  late  Professor  Keinosuke  Otaki,  mostly  on  the  coast 
of  Eehigo  (Xaoetsu).     These  have  been  sjiecially  studied  by  Mr.  Kasawa. 

The  material  obtained  has  been  distributed  anions  different  museums,  the 
types  of  new  species,  with  all  those  figured  in  the  present  paper  and  many  others, 
being  placed  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  in  Pittsburgh.  The  Catalog  numbers  at- 
tached to  the  specimens  in  the  Carnegie  ^luseum  are  given  in  the  following  pages. 


9()  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEl'M. 

A  s(H'()ii(l  sciics  is  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natui;ii  History,  N(>\v  York; 
a  third  in  the  Museum  of  the  University  of  Michigan;  and  a  fourth  in  Cornell 
Univeisity.     The  icsidue  are  being  retained  at  Stanford  University  in  California. 

The  seciuenee  adopted  in  th(>  i)resent  recoi'd  is  that  of  the  (Uitalogue  of  the 
Pishes  (if  Jdjxni  by  Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Hnydei-,  publislicd  on  Maieh  31,  1913, 
l)y  the  ImjK'i'ial  University  of  Tokyo.  In  this  Catalogue  one  thousand  two  hundrcnl 
and  forty  s])eeies  :ire  enumeiated  fi'om  Jai)an  pi'oper,  exclusive  of  I'^ormosa,  the 
Bonin,  and  the  Ryukyu  Islands.  About  one  lumdred  species  have  been  since 
added,  most  of  them  through  the  researches  of  Dr.  Tanaka.  In  the  present  list 
each  species  is  given  (in  brackets)  the  number  assigned  to  it  l)y  Joi'dan,  Tanaka, 
and  Snyder.  S])ecies  not  obtainctl  in  1022  are  not  inc'uded  in  tlie  i)resent  list,  and 
in  geneial  matter  already  in  pi'int  is  not  here  repeated. 

The  accounts  of  the  Sal/itonifJa  in  tlie  present  paper  are  the  .joint  woi'k  of  tlie 
senior  author  and  Mi'.  Ernest  Alexander  McGregor,  a  former  student,  now 
Assistant  to  the  California  State  Fish  and  Game  Commission,  engaged  at  Stanford 
University  in  a  detailed  study  of  the  development  of  the  salmon  of  the  Pacific 
Coast.  The  account  of  the  Sea  Cat-fish,  A^e/(///;r/  <is(tka\  was  i)re]iared  in  collabora- 
tion with  Mr.  Masanosuke  Kasawa  of  Sajijioro,  an  advanced  student  at  work  on 
the  fishes  of  tlie  Hokkaido.  Other  assistance  has  been  given  by  Mr.  ^McGregor 
and  Mr.  Kasawa. 


The  following  new  genera  are  described  in  this  paper 


PHA8MICHTHYS  (mits,ikurii)  CliiniMTida" 
PANTOPHOS  (gland ulljcr)  Myctophida-; 
LAMPROSSA  (antcorbitaliK)  Myctophida- 
BELLI(i()]?IO  icristigwii)  Cypriniihr; 
ACAHARA  {ncni(ililiis)  Cyiiriiiidip; 
MOROCO  (hcrgi)  Cyprinida'; 
AXAGO  (anagu)  CongridEp; 
CONGRISCUS  [mcgaMomus)  Consridae; 
ASTROCOXCKR  {mijrinMer)  Congrida- 
ALLOCOXGER  {flaviro^tri:<)  Coiigrida-; 
RHYXCUIOCYMBA  {ngMromi)  Congrida; 
RHYXCHOCOXGER  {crten urus)  Congrida; 
COX'GRIXA  (irquorefi)  Congrida; 
SAWARA  {tn'iihoiiia)  Cyliiida; 
KISFIIXOELl.A  (nira)  Tlumnida; 


OCYCRIUS  (japonicu.'i)  Centrolophidir; 
TRIORUS  {trUropis)  Ostraciida; 
SEBASTOCLES  (elegnn:^)  Scorpanida; 
W.VKIYl'S  (siiiiiiisiis)  Platycephalida; 
COCIUS  UrocoilUux)  Platycephalida; 
RUTABULUS  (mcgaceijliulus)  Platycephalida 
OCELLA  (doilecaedron)  Platycephalida; 
IBURIXA  (iburia)  Agonida; 
IBURIELLA  (A-a.sY/wff)  Agonida; 
EXC.EURA  (evides)  Eleotrida; 
ZALESCOPUS  (tosa;)  L'ranoscopida; 
DASSOX  (tronxulus)  Blenniida; 
OXCESTHES  (flurhianf<)  Blenniida; 
ZESTICHTHYS  {tanakw)  Znarcidas 
ALLOLEPIS  (holhnidi)  Zoarcida; 


JORDAN  AND  UrBBS:  JAPAXESi:  FISHES  COLLECTED   l'.l22. 


97 


The  species  listctl  Ix'low  aie  described  as  new: 


Dasyatis  iishiei  Jordan  and  lluljlis; 
I'sj/chichthys  eidolon  Jordan  and  Ilubbs; 
Oncorlujnchus  adonis  Jordan  and  McCJregor; 
Oncorhynchus  kawamui-ir  Jordan  and  ^McGregor; 
Oncorkynchus  ishikawo'  Jordan  and  McGregor; 
Oncorhynchiix  rhodurus  Jordan  and  McGregor; 
Salveliints  inibrius  Jordan  and  McCiregor; 
Xetuma  osakw  Jordan  and  Kasawa; 
dnathojiogon  suinv  Jordan  and  Ilubbs; 
Gnalhopogon  majinnE  Jordan  and  llulibs; 
Gnathopogon  lotiyijilis  Jordan  and  Hul)bs; 
Gnalhopogon  tsuchiga'  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
BeUigobio  eristigma  Jorilan  and  Hiil)bs; 
Sarcocheilichthyx  inorii  Jordan  and  Hut)bs; 
Acahara  jusanensix  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 


Moroco  yamamotis  Jordan  and  Hulibs; 
Pneumatoplwrus  peruanus  Jordan  and  Hul 
Liopempheris  sasakii  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
Malakichthys  ivakiyw  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
Sebastodes  thorn psoni  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
Brachirus  bellus  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
IburieUa  kanawa  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
Encaura  evides  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
Tcenioides  snyderi  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
Zalescopus  iosw  Jorilan  and  Hubbs; 
Zatescopus  satffunue  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
Zestichthys  tanakce  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
Alloleijif  hoUandi  Jordan  and  Hulibs; 
^lonomitnpu^  kianw  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 
Cdflorhynchus  giUicrti  Jordan  and  Hubbs; 


The  foUowing  additional  species  are  here  recorded  foi'  the  fii-st  time  as  belonging 
to  the  fish-fauna  of  Japan  i:)roper: 


Heierodontus  zebra  (Gray); 

Pentanchus  species; 

Stoasodon  narinari  (Euphrasen); 

Coilia  ectenes  Jordan  and  Seale; 

Diaphus  latus  Gilbert; 

Lamprossa  anteorbitalis  (Gilbert); 

Pantophos  glanduUfer  (Gilbert); 

Gasterosteus  acuhatiis  microrephalus  ((iirard); 

Gymnosarda  nuda  (Guiither); 


Cmsio  lunaris  Ehrenberg; 

CcBsio  ccErideoaurcus  (Lacepede); 

Ccesio  chrysozonus  Kuhl  and  \"an  Hasselt; 

Upeneoides  vittatus  (Eorskal); 

Xibea  albiflora  (Richardson); 

Oihonins  undovittaiux  (Jordan  and  Seale); 

Cantherines  tessellatus  (tiunther); 

Arnoglossus  tenuis  Gi'inther; 

Oncesthes  fluctiKins  (Weber); 


The  excellent  plates  in  tlie  present  paper,  as  also  in  an  earlier  memoir  on  the 
Fishes  of  Hawaii,  weiv  prei)ared  by  the  late  William  Sackston  Atkinson,  Natural 
History  Artist  of  Stanford  University. 

Family  EPTATRETID.E. 

1.   [2]  Eptatretus  burgeri  (Girard).    Nuta-unagi  =  '>ak\d-Eel. 
A  specimen  of  this  well-known  hag-fish  was  taken  by  Aoki  at  Misaki. 

2.   [3]  Eptatretus  okinoseanus  (Dean). 

This  hag-fish  is  represented  in  Aoki's  collection  from  Misaki  l^y  a  single 
specimen,  which  agrees  well  with  Dean's  account. 

3.   [5]  Paramyxine  atami  Dean. 

Three  examples  of  this  hag-fish,  regarded  l)y  Dean  as  tiansitional  between 
the  Eptatretidoe  and  the  Myxinidce,  were  collected  by  Aoki  at  Misaki. 


98  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  PETROMYZONID.E. 

4.   [G]  Entosphenus  japonicus  (Martens).      l'a/.sM//«-(//(r(f//  =  Eight-eyed  Eel. 

Nine  .sjiecimens  of  the  Sea-i'un  Lamj^i-cy  of  Jajjan,  Alaska,  and  northern  Asia 
were  obtained  by  Mr.  S.  Takayasu  from  Karafuto  near  Otaru  in  western  Hokkaido. 

These  are  all  typical:  size  large;  myotomes  numerous;  oral  fiml)rite  rather 
iian-cnvly  palmate;  dorsal  fins  separate;  teeth  strong  and  sharp;  e.xtra-orals  strong, 
t)ut  restricted  to  front  of  di.sc;  laterals  all  bicuspid;  three  on  each  side  of  the  mouth; 
sui)ra-()ial  widely  and  sharply  bicuspid,  with  at  most  a  barely  perceptible  median 
denticle;  infia-oial  with  eight  to  ten  (usually  eight)  cusps,  of  which  the  outer  two 
on  each  side  ai'e  more  or  less  com])letely  fused,  leaving  four  (usvially)  to  six  unjoined 
cusps  medially;  laterals  connected  postciiorly  l)v  a  half  ring  of  small  but  pi'ominent 
teeth. 

The  distribution  and  characteristics  of  this  s))ecies  hav(>  lately  been  discussed 
b}'  Creaser  and  Hubbs.' 

5.    |7]  Entosphenus  mitsukurii  (Plat ta).    Siui(iii<ttsu)it(i  =  ^-Ainl- 
Eight-eyed  Eel,  or  Lamprey. 

The  degenerate  Brook-lampreys  of  Japan  have  been  referred  by  Regan  and 
by  Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  to  the  European  Lampetra  planeri,  while  Creaser 
and  Hubbs  in  their  last  review  of  the  family-  although  showing  the  species  mitsukurii 
to  be  an  Entospliemis,  still  thought  that  Lampetra  pkojei-i  also  occurred  in  Japan. 
(3n  re-examining  the  material  of  this  grou])  in  the  Stanford  collections  we  find 
nothing  Init  Etitasphoius  mitsukurii,  and  only  that  species  is  represented  in  the 
collection  upon  which  we  are  now  re])orting.  We  think  it  im])robable  that  Lampetra 
planeri  occurs  in  Japan. 

Entosphenus  mitsukurii  diffei's  fi-om  the  commonest  of  the  three  Brook- 
lami)reys  of  the  eastern  United  States,  namely  Entosphenus  appendix,  with  which 
Creaser  and  Hubbs  confused  it,  in  having  fewer  myotomes  and  less  palmate  oral 
fimbrije.  It  is  closely  lelated  to  E.  appendix,  however,  and  both  of  these  brook- 
foi'ms  were  ob\'iously  dei'ived  from  a  sea-rim  sjiecies  like  Entosphenus  japonicus. 
These  thre(>  species  together  comprise  a  distinct  groui),  called  Lethenteron  by 
Creaser  and  Hubbs. 

Like  the  Brook-lampreys  of  other  regions,  those  of  Japan  break  up  into  a 
complex  of  local  races,  differing  in  degree  of  degeneration.  For  this  reason  we 
list  our  specimens  separately. 

'Ucc-as.  Pap.,  Mus.  ZoOl.,  Univ.  Mich.,  \o.  120,  l(i22. 
'Ibidem. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  99 

An  ammoccBte,  131  mm.  long,  collected  l)y  S.  Xakano  in  Shinsliu.  has  fifty-six 
myotomes  between  the  last  gill-oix'iiing  and  the  anus. 

Two  recently  transformed  specimens,  with  the  teeth  soft  and  imperfect  (l)ut 
tyi)ically  arranged)  were  taken  by  R.  Abe  at  Himeji.  One  is  a  female  with  de- 
veloped  anal  fin;  92  mm.  in  total  length,  with  fifty-nine  myotomes  in  the  trunk. 
The  other  is  a  male,  with  elongate  penis;  86  mm.  in  total  lengtii;  fifty-eight 
myotomes. 

Two  examples,  121  and  145  nun.  long,  were  taken  in  Lake  Biwa.  Myotomes 
fifty-six  or  fifty-seven.  Two  from  Sapporo,  Hokkaido,  presented  b>-  Dr.  Kawamura, 
are  especially  aberrant.  One  is  a  mature  male,  147  mm.  long,  with  sixty-seven 
myotomes  in  standard  count,  and  the  coloration  mottled.  The  other  is  a  mature 
female,  142  mm.  long,  with  sixty-three  myotomes  and  the  coloration  plain. 

Family  CHLAMYDOSELACHID.E. 
6.  Chlamydoselachus  anguineus  Carman.     7?a6 » Ay/ =  Silk-shark; 
Tokagi-zame  =  Lizard-shark. 
A  stuffed  example  of  this  anomalous  shark  from  Sagami  Bay  is  in  the  Museum 
at  Yamada,  Lse.    With  others  it  was  presented  by  Baron  Y.  Tanaka. 

Family  HETERODOXTID.E. 
7.   [12]  Heterodontus  japonicus  (Dumeril).      Xeko-zamc  =  Cat-shark; 
Shan><h<)-za)nc  =  Salamander-shark. 
A  small  specimen  of  this  shark  was  taken  at  ]\Iisaki  by  Aoki.     A  stuffed  ex- 
ample from  the  coast  of  lse  is  in  the  Yamada  Museum. 

8.   [12A]  Heterodontus  zebra  (Gray). 
A  heterodontid  shark  from  the  Osaka  market  (Jordan)  differs  widely  from 
Heterodontus  japonicus,  the  only  species  hitherto  known  from  Japan,  but  agrees 
fully  with  Carman's  account^  of  H.  zebra,  a  Chinese  and  East  Lidian  species. 

Family  SCYLLIORHIXID.E. 

9.   [19]  Apristurus  platyrhynchus  (Tanaka).     Hira-zamc  =  Flat-shark; 

Shiribire-onaga-zame  =  Long-tailed  Shai'k. 

Scylliorhinus  platyrhynchus  Tanaka,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXVIL   1909,  p. 4. 

Apristurus  platyrhynchus  Carman,  ]\Iem.  ]\Ius.  Comp.  Zool.,  XXXVI,  1913,  p.  98. 

A  mounted  .specimen  from  Sagami,  apparently  belonging  to  this  specie.s,  i.s  in 

the  Museum  at  Yamada. 

=Mem.  Mu.<.  Comp.  ZoOl.,  XXXVI,  1913,  p.  ISl. 


loo  MEMOIRS  OF  THK  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Fninily  PKXTAXCHID.E. 

10.    |2.3A|  Pentanchus  utHJcsciilM'd  species.      /\.'af/(//Y/-;cf/H/r  =  Lion-sliafk. 

A  mounted  specimen  of  this  s{)ecies  is  in  tiie  Yamada  Museum.  It  is  said 
tliat  othei's  luive  been  taken  on  the  coasts  of  Ja])an,  but  as  yet  no  description  of 
the  foi'in  has  been  ])ublislie(L 

Tlie  sinj;le  doi'sal  fin  is  jiiaced  above  the  anah  which  is  twice  as  lafji(>;  Ijotli 
tliese  fins  are  low;  the  ventrals  much  larjiCM'  than  either,  and  in.serted  Ijeliind  the 
middk'  of  tlie  body;  ])ectoral  small;  caudal  short  and  rather  low.  Gill-oiienings 
five,  the  first  nnich  hijiher  than  the  otheis,  which  aic  ])r()gressively  ^shortened. 

The  species  s(>ems  to  differ  from  J'ciddncliiis  proj'jindicnlus  Smith  and  Radcliffe 
fi'oni  the  Philippines  in  the  lai'ger  ventrals  and  smaller  ])ectorals.  We  may  leave 
it  to  the  Jai)anese  naturalists  to  name  and  describe. 

Caninoa  harbarus  Nardo,  an  unrecognized  species  from  the  Mediterranean,  is 
much  like  Pentanchus.  but  tlu>  single  doi'sal  is  mei'ely  descril)ed  as  "behind  the 
ventral." 

Family  GALEORHINID/E. 
Genus  Gynias  Gill. 

Tlie  name  Cynias  CAW  must  stand  foi'  the  "Si^otted  hounds,"  with  Musielus 
canis  or  sUUdiu.s  as  tyi)e,  as  Ciill  has  ah'eady  shown  (Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI, 
11)03,  ]:>.  900 J. 

11.   |24]  Cynias  manazo  (Blceker).    //o,s///-;w^////e  =  Star-shark. 

Sappoio  market  (Majima);  Yokohama  and  Osaka  markets  Jordan);  Ghoshi, 
(G.  Ishikawa);  Misaki  (Aoki).    The  sj^ecies  is  generally  common. 

The  white  s])()ts  cliaracteristic  of  this  species  vary  fiom  being  sharply  defined 
to  bai'ely  traceal)le.  These  color  variations  do  not  seem  to  be  correlated  with  any 
structural  differences.  The  first  dorsal  fin  is  above  the  inner  angle  of  the  pectoral 
fin,  as  Garman  has  noted.  One  specimen  from  Yokohama  market  (Jordan  coll.), 
C.  M.  Gat.  of  Fishes,  No.  7774. 

Genus  MusTELUS  Linck. 

The  generic  name  Mustehis  A\as  independently  applied  to  Squalus  mustelus 
Linna-us  by  several  authors:  Linck,  (1790);  Leach,  (1812);  Fischer,  (1813);  and 
Guviei-.  (1S17).  Most  early  wi'iters,  however,  failed  to  notice  that  the  original 
Stjualus  mustelus  was  made  n\)  of  two  ([uite  distinct  species,  later  respectively 
known  as  Mustelus  Iccvis  and  Mustelus  slelUttus,  or  canis.  Linck,  however,  definitelj^ 
makes  his  S(iualus  mustelus  identical  with  Mustelus  la'vis.    If  we  regard  the  species 


JORDAN  AND  HUBHS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1022.  101 

of  this  type  as  divisiljjc  into  two  s^'ii*"!':!.  tlic  iianie  Mustcliis  must  stand  for  the 
"Smooth  IIoiuuls,"  the  /(;r/.s-ty])r,  in  which  the  cmhryo  is  connected  by  a  placenta 
with  the  uterus.     The  name  (ialcus  Rafinesciue  must  he  i-e,t>ar(led  as  a  .synonym. 

12.    [25|  Mustelus  griseus  Pietsclunaim.    /////-,ra///f  =  Dos-shark. 
Mustelus  (iriscuti  Pietschmann.    Anz.  Akad.  Wi.ss.  Wien,  X,   1908,  ]).   132; 

Sitzunssh.    Akad.  W'iss.  Wien,  CXVII,  1908,  p.  58. 

Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Toyama,  Sea  of  Ja|)an  (('.  Ishikawa);  Tokyo 
market  (Jordan  and  Snydei-,  1900). 

This  species  prol)al)ly  is  a  ti'ue  Mustclu.'<.  It  differs  wi(h'ly  from  Cynia^  mnnnzo 
in  havmo-  botli  tlie  labial  folds  short,  the  outer  not  bein^  I'xtended  farther  than 
the  inner  (oi'  lowei)  one;  the  ridge  at  the  symphysis  of  the  mandibular  band  of 
teeth  more  elevated;  the  postei'o-ventral  caudal  lobe  lower  and  more  rounded;  the 
dorsal  fin  moi-e  postei-iorly  inserted,  its  origin  usuaUy  being  behind  tlie  ti])  of 
the  pectoral;  the  terminal  lolie  of  the  caudal  fin  in  the  young  is  Ijlack  medially 
and  white  alxive  and  below,  rather  than  unifoi'mly  (hisky. 

13.   [27]  Galeorhinus  japanicus  (Aliillei-  and  Henle). 
YciniL-u-fuku  =  Comfort  Shark. 
A  specimen  from  Miyazu  was  pi'esented  by  Dr.  Ishikawa.     Others  were  seen 
in  the  Osaka  market  (Joidan). 

The  specific  nam(>  was  oi'iginally  spelled  as  here  given. 

14.  |29]  Prionace  glauca  (Linnjeus).    Fo.s// //.//•/ =  Oi-iole  Shark. 

Two  young  sjiecimens  from  Misaki  are  in  the  Aoki  ( 'olk'ction.  The  species 
was  seen,  but  not  taken,  in  the  markets  of  Tokyo,  Osaka,  etc.  It  is  the  commonest 
shark  in  the  markets  of  Japan.  The  fins  are  largely  shipi)ed  to  China,  the  gela- 
tinous rays  making  excellent  .souj:).  The  s]x>cies  needs  com]iarison  with  the 
European  form. 

Family  SPHYRNID.E. 

15.  [34]  Sphyrna  zygeena  (Linnaeus).     ,S/(»//;"/.'/-:"///('  =  Hammer-shark. 
A  large  embryo  from  Misaki  (Aoki)  is  at  hand.    Dr.  Joi-(hin  found  the  species 

common  in  the  markets  (Tokyo,  Shizuoka,  Osaka,  etc.)  l)Ut  took  no  specimens. 

Family  ALOPIID.E. 

16.    [35]    Alopias  vulpinus  (Bonnaterre).     Onaga-zame  =  Yery  long  shark. 

An  embryo  from  Mi.saki  (Aoki).  It  is  conmion  in  th(^  markets  (Tokyo,  Osaka, 
etc.).  This  species,  with  others  fi'om  Japan,  needs  comi)ari.s(jn  with  the  Atlantic 
forms. 


102  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

The  name  vulpinus  of  Honnaterre  (1788)  is  piiof  to  tlial  of  vulpes  (Gmelin, 
1789).  Vulpcculd  NHiriiKi  of  X'alniont  dv  Boinaic.  17()S,  adopted  hy  Garnian, 
seems  not  intended  by  its  avitiior  as  a  scieiilific  name,  latlici-  a  mefe  latinizatioii 
of  the  Freneh  vernaeular  '7r  rciKird  iniirin." 

Family  MITSUKURINID.E. 
17.    |3()|  Mitsukurina  owstoni  .Ioi(hin.     7'(Y/(/-2:r»/K'^  =  Goblin-shark; 

Zu()-Z(UNc=  I']lei)hant-shai'k. 
A  specimcMi  of  this  s])eci(>s  from  Sagami  Bay  is  in  the  Muscnun  at  Yamada. 

Family  LAMXID.K. 
18.    [38]    Isurus  glaucus  (^Ililler  aiul  Ilenle).     .4ry-2:a//»'=  Blue  shai'k. 
A  lai'ge  example  is  in  the  Yamada  Museum. 

The  posterior  insertion  of  the  dorsal,  well  behnid  tlie  pectorals,  has  been  used 
to  define  the  genus  Isuropsis  Gill,  l:)ut  according  to  Garman  the  same  character  is 
found  in  Lsiirus  (i.ri/rliy/tchus  Rafinesque,  the  type-species  of  I  sums. 

19.   [39]  Lamna  nasus  CBonnaterre).    »SrtAT-za?»r  =  Salmon-shark; 
Hoshiirani-zatne  =  f>tar  Alligator-sliark. 

Jaws  in  the  Yamada  Mu.seum,  from  a  sliark  taken  off  the  coast  of  Ise,  belong 
to  this  species,  which  needs  comparison  with  Atlantic  examples.  The  teeth  are 
long,  sharp,  and  flexuous.  witli  a  denticle  on  cixch  side. 

The  specific  name  itasus  (Bonnateire)  has  i)i-iority  over  cornubica  (Gmelin). 

20.    [40]    Carcharodon   carcharias  (Linnaais).     Oshira-Z(:une  =  CirQa{  white  shark; 

Hirmjashirti-zattH'  =  Flathead-shark. 
A  young  example  from  the  coast  of  Lse  is  mounted  in  the  Yamada  Museum. 

Family  CFTORIIIXIIXF]. 
21.   [41]  Cetorhinus  maximus  (Gunner).     llxt-Zdiiic  =  ^urse-shiivk. 
A  young  specimen,  six  feet  long,  is  in  the  Yamada  Museum. 

Family  PSEUDOTRIAKID^ 

22.    [43]    Pseudotriakis  acrages  .loixlan   and   Snyder.      0.s7u'-2ame=  l)unil)-shark. 
As  Garman  has  noted,  the  name  "ncnilcs''  given  to  this  species  b}'  Jordan 
and  Snyder  is  a  misjirint  for  (icnujes  (duml)). 

Thf  (.leinigiid,   'I'iyii  or  'I'liiyii,  is  noted  idr  tlic  leiij^th  of  his  nose. 


JORDAN  AM)  lirBHS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  103 

Family  SQUALID.E. 
Ciemi.s  Squalus  Linnanis. 
Three  very  distinct  species  of  Squalus  inliabit  tlie  waters  of  Japan.     As  they 
have  been  oreatly  confused,  and  their  names  variously  interchanged,  we  offer  the 
analyses  and  synonymies  o;iven  below. 

A  Key  to  the  J.\p.\nese  Species  of  Squalus. 
a.  Body  conspicuously  spotted  with  white  in  the  young  (the  spots  often  beconiins  obsolescent  with 
age).  Pectoral  fin  shmter,  extending  not  at  all.  or  only  at  its  tip,  V)eyond  vertical  from  dorsal 
origin.  First  dorsal  spine  about  midway  between  tip  of  snout  and  end  of  second  dorsal  base; 
ventrals  also  more  posterior  in  position.  Nasal  valves  less  distinctly  Inlobed  .  .  .  {acaiithian-grou])). 
b.  First  dorsal  spine  less  than  half  the  height  of  fin,  shorter  than  base  of  fin  without  spine.  Pre- 
oral  length  of  snout  much  greater  than  distance  from  eye  to  first  gill-slit.     Other  characters 

as  under  c Squalus  suckleiji. 

na.  Body  never  spotted,  not  even  in  the  embryo.  Pectoral  fin  longer,  its  entire  jiosterior  edge  being 
behind  vertical  from  dorsal  origin.  First  dorsal  spine  midway  between  tip  of  snout  and  second 
dorsal  spine,  or  still  farther  forward;  ventrals  also  more  anterior  in  position.  Nasal  valves  dis- 
tinctly bilobed (6/rti'?u'(7/cj-group). 

r.  Nostrils  near  middle  of  pre-oral  portion  of  snout.  Snout  longer  and  much  mure  acute 
terminally;  the  width  of  head  at  mouth  about  ecpial  to  pre-oral  length  of  snout. 
Posterior  angle  of  pectoral  fin  scarcely  produced  and  acute,  so  that  the  margin  of 
the  fin  is  but  weakly  concave.  Lateral  keels  of  denticles  all  bent  inward  to  parallel 
the  main  keel,  so  that  the  scale  with  age  becomes  regularly  tricarinate. 

Squalus  milsukurii. 
cc.  Nostrils  much  nearer  ti])  of  snout  than  mouth.  Snout  shorter  and  blunter  at  tip;  the 
width  of  head  at  mouth  much  greater  than  pre-oral  length  of  snout.  Posterior 
angle  of  pectoral  fin  notably  produced  and  acute,  so  that  the  margin  of  the  fin  is 
rather  strongly  concave.  Lateral  keels  of  denticles  often  lient  abruptly  outward, 
the  scale  then  presenting  a  cross-like  figure Squalus  hreriroslris. 

23.    [44  in  ])art]    Squalus  suckleyi^  (Girard).     7'.s///;o-f/am/  =  Harbor-shark. 

Spinax  (Acwithias)  suckieyi  (Iirard,  Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  8ci.,  Phila.,  VII,  1854 
(1856),  p.  196  (Fort  Steilacoom,  Puget  Sound). 

Acmithias  suckiii  Girard,  U.  S.  Pac.  R.  R.  Surv.,  Fishes,  X,  1858,  p.  368. — 
SucKLEY,  ibid..  Vol.  VII,  2,  1860,  p.  367. 

Squalus  suckiii  Gill,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  XIV,  1862  (1863),  p.  499 
(after  (Iirard).— Jordan  and  Evermaxn,  Bull.  U.  S.  X.  AI.,  XLVII,  1,  1896, 
p.  54  (Aleutian  Islands  to  Santa  Barbara). — Jordan  and  Gilbert,  Fur  Seal 
Report,  III.  lSi)9.  p.  434  (Bering  Island). — Evermann  and  Goldsborough, 
Bull.  Bur.  Fish..  XXM,  1906  (1907).  p.  228  (Alaskan  and  British  Columbian 
recoi'ds). — Starks  and  [Morris,  University  of  California  Publ.,  Zool.,  Ill,  1907, 
p.  168  (near  San  Diego).— Regan,  Ann.  Mag.  Xat.  Hist.,  (8)  II,  1908,  p.  46 
(Pacific  Coast  of  Xorth  America  southward  to  California). — Starks,  Ann. 

^The  si)elling  of  the  specific  name,  suckieyi,  was  changed  without  warrant. 


104  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Car.  Mus.,  VII.  11)11,  p.  207  (Paget  Sound).— Garman,  Mem.  Mus.  Comp. 
Z.iul..  XXXVI,  li)13,  p.  194  (North  Eastern  Pacific;  e.xclusive  of  "variety" 
niitaukurii). — Thompson,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  AI.,  L,  1916,  p.  420  (San  Diego). — 
Starks,  Tal.  Fish  and  Game.  Ill,  1917,  p.  152,  fig.  02  (from  South  of  Point 
Concepcion  in  California  to  Alaska). — Hubbs,  Copeia,  Xo.  43,  1917,  p.  37 
(Monterey  Bay  and  Santa  Gatalina  Island,  CaUfornia). 
S<ju(ilufi  acanthias  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  Ill,  1880  (1881),  p.  458 
(Puget  Sound,  S;ui  Francisco,  Monterej^  Bay,  Santa  Barliai'a). — Jordan  and 
JouY,  ibl(}.,  IV,  1881,  p.  33  (Santa  Baii)ara  to  Alaska,  especially  northward). 
—Bean,  ibid,  IV,  1881  (1882),  pp.  261,  209,  272,  474  (British  Columbian  and 
Alaskan  records).— Jordan  and  Gilbert,  Bull.  U.  S.  N.  M.  ,VI,  1883,  p.  16 
(in  part).— Bean,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  VI,  1884,  p.  361  (Johnston's  Straits, 
British  ColumlMa). — Eigenmann,  ibid.,  XV,  1892,  pp.  129,  132  (near  San 
Diego). — Bean  and  Bean,  ibid.,  XIX.  1896,  p.  237  (Commander  Islands). — 
Berg,  Pisces  Mar.  Orient.,  1904,  ji.  287  (records  from  eastern  Asia). — 
Pavlenko,  Kazani,  Trd.  Obsc.  jest.,  XLII,  1910,  j).  11  (records  from  eastern 
Asia).  (Xot  of  Linna'us.) 
Stjiudus  mitsukurii  Jordan  and  Fowler  (not  "Jordan  and  Snyder"),  Proc.  U.  S. 
X.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  629,  fig.  3  (Specimen  from  Aomori,  and  figure  based 
on  this  specimen,  not  the  type). — Jordan  and  Evermann,  Bull.  Bur.  Fish., 
XXIII,  1903  (1905),  p.  45,  fig.  6  (figure  only,  wTongly  stated  to  be  "from  the 
type").— Tanaka,  Annot.  ZooL,  Jap.,  VI,  1908,  p.  236  (off  Korsakoff,  Sag- 
halien  Id.).— Smith,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLI,  1912,  p.  679  (Japan). — Jordan, 
Tanaka  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII,  1913,  p.  18  (synonymy 
and  range  in  part,  and  figure). — Jordan  and  Metz,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  VI, 
1913,  p.  4,  fig.  2  (figure  only).— Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Japan,  XXVI, 
1917,  p.  471,  pi.  130,  figs.  368-370  (Watanoha,  Province  of  Rikuzen).  (Xot 
Squalus  mitsukurii,  type.) 
Squalus  trcdciya'  Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Japan.  XXVII,  1918,  p.  475  (after 
Squalus  tnitsukurii  Tanaka,  1917). 

Kushiro  (Tanaka) ;  Noo,  Mikune.  Fukui.  We  have  also  at  hand  the  young 
specimen  figured  by  Jordan  and  Fowler  as  Squrdu.'i  ntitsukurii.  Our  five  young 
specimens  from  .Japan  are  \\ell  sui)plemented  by  Tanaka's  figure  and  description. 
Careful  (•onii)arison  has  convinced  us  of  the  complete  similarity  of  Japanese 
and  Californian  Dog-fishes  of  the  acanthias-group.  The  species  is  the  one 
originally  named  »S.  fiuckleyi  by  Girard.  It  is  the  one  figured,  but  not  described 
or  designated  as  the  ty}>e,  in  the  first  account  of  SquahLS  mitsukurii,  and  is  the  one 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  105 

lately  well  described,  figuivd,  and  differentiated  fioin  the  other  forms  occurring 
in  Japan  by  Tanaka. 

The  ^^'hite-spotted  Dog-fish  (the  acantliins-gvoup)  seems  to  be  everywhere 
restricted  to  cold  or  temi)erate  coastal  waters,  in  both  tlie  Northern  and  Soutliern 
Hemispheres.  Squalns  suckletji  ranges  from  the  Aleutian  and  Commander  Islands 
southward  to  the  southern  end  of  California  and  to  the  northei-n  part  of  Japan. 
Throughout  this  wide  arc>a  the  range  of  the  species  appears  to  be  appi'oximately 
continuous.     The  known  record-stations  are  given  in  the  synonymy. 

24.   [44  in  part,  and  451   Squalus  mitsukurii  Jordan  and  Fowler. 

A  o-zame  =  Blue-shai'k. 

Aaintliia.'i  vulgaris  Te.m.minck  and  Sciilegel,  Fauna  .Jai)onica,  I'isces,  1850,  \).  i^OJ, 
pi.  135  (Nagasaki?). — Ishikawa,  Prel.  Cat.  Fishes  Imp.  Mus.,  1897,  p.  01 
(Kagoshima)  incc  Risso). 

Squalus  uiitsukurii  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  Ill,  1901,  p.  129 
(Misaki;  a  strict  nomen  nudum;  locality  not  uncertain,  as  stated  by  Tanaka, 
1918.— Jordan  and  Evermann,  Proc.U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXV,  1903,  p.  318  (Misaki; 
virtually  a  nomen  nudum). — Jordan  and  Fowler  (not  "Jordan  and  Snyder"), 
Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  629  (the  type  as  designated  and  described, 
and  a  i)art  of  the  iiai-at>-iK^s  from  Misaki,  etc.  and  probaljly  some  of  the  f)ther 
specimens  referred  to,  but  not  the  specimen  from  Aomori,  which  is  the  one 
figured,  nor  most  of  the  Misaki  paratypes). — Snyder,  Bull.  Bur.  P'ish.,  XXII, 
1902  (1904),  p.  515  (Honolulu;  Albatross  Sta.  4085,  Hawaiian  Islands).— 
Jordan  and  Evermann,  ihkl.,  XXIII,  1903  (1905),  p.  45  (Kailua,  Hawaii; 
station  4085,  after  Snyder;  not  the  figure,  ei'roneously  stated  to  be  from  the 
type). — Gilbert,  ibid.,  p.  580  (Albatross  station  4085,  Hawaii). — Reoan, 
Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (8)  II,  1908,  p.  47  (China,  Jai)an,  Hawaii).— Jordan, 
Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII,  1913,  p.  IS  (synonymy 
and  range  in  part,  not  the  figure). — Garman,  Mem.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool. 
XXXVI,  1913,  p.  195  (as  variety  of  sucklu). 

Acanthias  mitsukurii  GiJNTHER,  Fische  der  Stidsee,  Pt.  3,  1910,  p.  490  (Japan, 
Hawaii). 

Squalus  japonicus  Ishikawa,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  LX,  1908,  p.  71  (Tokyo 
market,  said  to  have  come  from  Sagami  Bay;  Kagoshima,  this  latter  record 
cjuestioned  by  Tanaka,  1917). — Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Joui-.  Coll. 
Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII,  1913,  p.  18  (after  Ishikawa). — Jordan  and  Metz,  Mem. 
Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1913,  p.  4  (Chinnampo,  Korea). — Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes 


lOG  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEdlE  MUSEITM. 

J:il):m,  XX\'I,  1!)17,  p.  407,  pi.  130,  figs.  365-367  (Tokyo  to  At.suta,  Owari; 

?  Nagasaki;  ?  Rikuzen). 

Squalus  mitsukurii  is  the  species  figured  by  Schlegcl,  and  the  one  described, 
but  not  the  one  figured,  by  Jordan  and  Fowler;  it  is  identical  with  SquaJuHJajxmicus 
Ishikawa,  and  not  with  Squalus  brevirostris  Tanaka,  as  Tanaka  thought  in  1918. 
It  is  a  very  common  si)ecies  in  southern  Japan,  and  is  recoixled  also  from  ( 'hina 
and  Ivorea.  Very  similar  specimens  have  been  described  fi'om  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  (See  synonymy)  and  these  seem  to  belong  to  the  same  species.  We  have, 
however,  no  Hawaiian  mateiial  at  hand. 

This  species  is  very  simihir  to  the  Mediterranean  Squulu.s  l)bu')iril[ii  Risso," 
of  which  we  have  two  examples  fiom  Naples,  Init  differs  in  the  shorter  pectoral 
fins  and  shorter  dorsal  spines.  The  material  of  tS.  nn'txulcurii  at  hand  com])rises 
only  the  type,  one  larg(>  and  one  embryonic  pai'aty])e. 

25.  Squalus  brevirostris  Tanaka. 

S(iu<ilus  niifstikurii  Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  629 
(not  the  type,  l>ut  most  of  the  fa>tal  i)aiatypes  fi-om  Misaki;  not  the  specimen 
figured). — Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII, 
1913,  p.  18  (in  jiart;  after  Jordan  and  Fowler). — Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes 
Japan,  XXVII,  1918,  p.  475  (after  Squalus  brevirostris  Tanaka,  1917).  (Not 
Squalus  mitsukurii  as  determined  by  the  specimen  designated  as  type  and 
described) . 

Squahis  brevirostris  Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Japan,  XXVI,  1917,  p.  464,  j)!.  129, 
figs.  362,  363.  and  pi.  130,  fig.  364  (Japan,  probably  from  Shimonoseki). 
A  specimen  of  this  species  was  taken  in  the  Osaka  mai'ket  (Joi'dan). 
Squalus   brevirostris   is   reiiresented   among   the   type   specimens   of   Squalus 

mitsukurii  by  numerous  "cotypes"  from  Misaki,  but  not,  as  Tanaka  indicated  in 

1918,  by  the  type-s])ecimen,   designated  as  such   and   descrilied  by  Jordan  and 

Fowlei'. 

Species  of  the  same  type  as  brvvirodris,  and  some  of  them  j)robably  identical, 

occur  in  Korea,'  Formosa, •*  the  Philippine  Islands,"  Austraha,"'  the  Juan  Fernandez 

''Sec  Regan,  Aim.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (8),  II,  1908,  p.  47. 

^Siiualus  mitsukurii  .Jordan  and  Metz,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1913,  p.  4. 

**S(jualus,  species,  .Jordan  and  Evermann.  I^roc.  V.  S.  X.  M.,  XXV,  1903,  p.  318. — Siiii(iiii.<<  japonicus 
(?)  Jordan  and  Richardson,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  IV,  1909,  ]>.  102. 

'■'S(iualus  phUippiiiuK  Smith  and  Raih'liffc,  in  Smith,  Proc.  U.S.N.M.,  XLl,19r2,p.(i77,fig.l,and  pl..51. 

'"Acanthias  blainvillii  Gijnther,  Cat.  Fislies  Brit.  Mus.,  \'III,  1870,  p.  419  (and  some  subsequent 
authors,  not  of  Risso). — Acnnthias  megaJops  Mach>ay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  X.  S.Wales,  VI,  1881,  (1882), 
p.  307  (Port  .Jackson).— -SV/»a/i/.<  megalops  Waite,  Rec.  Austral.  Mus.,  IV,  1901,  ]).  33,  pi.  4,  fig.  3  (Xever- 
fail,  Australia).  — Regan,  Ann.  Mag.  Xat.  Hist.,  (8),  II,  1908,  j).  47  (South  Australia,  Tasmania). 


.lOHOAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED    1H22.  107 

Islands  off  tlu'  coast  of  ('liilc,"  lii-azil,'-'  and  Natal."  Having  no  material  outside 
of  Japan,  however,  we  do  not  venture  to  identify  N.  hrci'im.^trix  with  species  from 
various  remote  regions. 

26.    [48]  Centroscymnus  owstoni  ( iarnian.      }'/////(-;:f////<'  =  Dream  Shark. 

A  male  from  the  market  of  Sliizuoka  on  Suruga  Hay  (Jordan)  agrees  tlioroughly 
with  Garman's  description  and  figure.'^  Four  young  specimens,  of  both  sexes, 
27  to  31.5  cm.  long,  collected  by  Aoki  at  Misaki,  differ  shai-ply  in  having  the 
scales  everywhei'c  roughly  tricarinate,  the  cai'ina'  being  the  sculpturing  of  the  flat 
denticle  overlying  a  rathei'  fleshy,  pitted,  and  pedunculate  base.  The  difference 
appears  to  indicate  age  I'ather  than  s])ecific  variation.  It  is  probable  that  with 
age  the  denticles  become  jM-ntacarinate  and  finally  smooth,  the  change  taking 
place  from  the  caudal  i-egion  forward  toward  the  head.  In  oui-  larger  six'cimen 
the  head  and  fi'ont  i)oi'tion  of  the  trunk  bear  strongly  carinate  scales,  which  gi-ade 
into  the  smooth  i)itted  scales  of  the  posterior  region  of  the  body. 

This  and  othei'  shai'ks  are  used  at  Shizuoka  in  the  manufactui'e  of  Kamoboku 
or  fish-cui'd.  The  fish  ai'e  boiled  and  shi'edded,  mixed  with  a  floui'  of  some  sort 
and  pressed  into  cheese-like  cakes.  The  best  grades  are  formed  from  Sciaaioid 
fishes  (especially   A^ibc<t  jd/xtnicfi  and  Nihca  schlc(i<l/),  the  cheapest  from  sharks. 

Genus  Deanla  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

The  name  Aninthidiioii  Lowe  (1839)  cannot  l)e  used  for  Dcdnia,  as  Garman 
propo.sed  in  1913,  because  the  first  revisers,  Jordan  and  K\'ermaiui  ( 189())  restricted 
Acanthidiiti/i  to  the  first  species  named  by  Lowe,  .1.  pusitluiii,  which  belongs  in 
the  genus  Elninplvrua. 

27.    [47]   Deania  eglantina  .loidan  and  Snydei-. 
Hirntsuno  zame  =  Broad  Harboi'-shai'k. 
Three  spec'mens,  collected  at  Misaki  by  Af)ki. 

^^SjjiiKix  firii(}iid(zi(inu:<  ( iuicheiint,  in  (lay,  Hist.  Cliilc,  ZikiI.,  pt.  2,  1S4S,  ]),  lid.'i,  Isle  Feniaiidcz. — 
Acarilhidx  fi  niiniilczidii  iix  Pliilippi,  An.   I'niv.  Cliilc,  71,   ISST.  p.  .').")'.*,  pi.  4,  fig.  )•!.-    S<jiiiil  iix  f<  riKiiidinus 
Garman,  Mom.  Mus.  ('(imp.  Zdnl.,  XXW'I,  l',)i:5,  p.   II).")  (not  nf  Molina;  most  (if  synnnymy  cxc-cptcd) 
Lsle  Fernandez. 

''SqvaliiK  hliiinrillii  liilieii'ii,  .\rcli.  Mus.  IJio  de  .Iancir<i.  Xl\'.  I'.IOT.  \i.  Ids  (nut  iif  Hisso). 

^^Sqiialiix  arrdipiiniis  Refjaii,  Ann.  Xatal.  Mus.,  11,  I'.IOS,  p.  24S,  pi.  :i7 :  Ann.  Mas.  Xat.  Hist.,  (.S) 
IT.  lOOS,  p.  47.     (South  Afrira.  Mauritius). 

'^Garman,  Mem.  -Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  XXXVI,  HUH,  ]..  2(l."i,  iil.  13,  liRs.  5-S. 


lOS  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

28.   [53]  Deania  rostrata  ((iarinaii). 

The  I'font  lialf  of  a  specimen,  .somewhat  lai'ji;cr  than  the  ty])(',  was  ohtaiiietl  in 
the  Sliizuoka  inai-kct  (.Jordan).  It  agrees  in  detail  with  ( iarman's  de.seri|)tion  and 
fi,iiure.'" 

29.   [54]  Deania  histricosa  (CJarman). 

A  female  specimen,  48  cm.  long,  was  collected  in  the  market  of  Sliizuoka,  on 
Suruga  Bay  (Jordan).  It  agrees  very  well  in  most  respects  with  Carman's  descrip- 
tion and  figure  (I.e..  p.  220,  pi.  11)  but  differs  in  having  the  inner  lol)e  on  the 
anterior  nasal  valve  neai'ly  as  large  as  the  outer  one. 

(tcuus  D.\l.\ti.\s  Rafinescjue. 
The  name  Ddlatids  Rafinesque  (1810)  was  first  restiicted  l)y  Swainson.  who 
made  J).  H(iiiuniiiv  =  SfjUdhts  granuldsus  Schneider  its  type.  The  name  Dalntias 
consequently  should  ai)parently  supersede  Centrophorus  MUller  and  Henle  (1837). 
Garman  I'ecoi'ds  thi-ee  species  of  Cenfrophonis  from  Japan,  which  may  stand  as 
follows:  DaUdias  (tens  (Garman);  Ddhdiaa  (dronidrdinatus  (Garman);  Dalatias 
tesselhdus  (Garman). 

30.   [55]   Dalatias  acus  (Garman).     Taro-zame. 

In  Shizuoka  Dr.  Jordan  saw  a  large  .squaloid  shark,  which  probably  belonged 
to  this  species.  It  had  the  dorsal  fins  low  and  not  falcate,  and  the  color  j^lain  gray. 
Its  most  striking  feature  was  the  bright  green  eye,  which  seemed  to  be  alive,  staring 
unl)linkingly  while  the  body  was  being  converted  into  Kamaboku. 

Family  PRISTIOPHORID.E. 
31.    [Gl]    Pristiophorus  japonicus  Gunther.     X(>k()giri-zai)u'  =  '>in\-^htirk. 
One  specimen  was  taken  in  the  Osaka  market  (.Jordan). 
Fins  jiartly  naked;  about  forty-four  I'ows  of  teeth  in  the  ui)i)t'r  jaw. 

Family  SC^^ATINID-E. 

32.   [134]  Squatina  japonica  Bleeker.     7va«»-2:«//(c  =  Ghange-shark. 
One  specimen  from  Alikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa). 

Family  RHIXOBATID.E. 

Genus  Rtiixobatos  Linck. 

The  generic  name  RliiiHihidn.^  Linck  (1790)  antedates  Rhuialxdu-s  Bloch  and 
Schneider  (1801). 

'^Mcin.  Mus.  ('oinp.  Zool,  XXXVI,  101:5.  11.  21s,  pi.  11,  fitjs.  1-4. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.       '  109 

33.   [66]  Rhinobatos  schlegeli  (Miiller  and  Henle).    Sakata-zame. 

A  specimen  from  Xoo.  nvav  Niigata  on  the  sea  of  Japan  (Lshikawa).  Others 
were  seen  in  the  market  at  Osaka. 

Family  TORPEDIXID.E. 

34.   [70]   Narke  japonica  iTemminck  and  Schlegel).    Shibere-ei  =  ^umh-vay. 
]\Ii.saki  (Aokij. 

Family  PLATYRHIXID.E. 

Genus  Platyrhixa  ]\luller  and  Henle. 

If  the  name  Platyrhina  (1838)  is  regarded  as  distinct  from  Platyrhinus,  the 
substitute  names  Analithis  Gistel  (1848)  and  Discobatus  Garman  (1880)  are  not 
needed. 

35.   [72]   Platyrhina   sinensis   (Bloch  and  Schneider).      L'c/im'a-2;ame  =  Fan-shark. 

We  have  a  specimen  from  Mikawa  Bay  {'SI.  lshikawa).  Another  from  Sagami 
Bay  was  seen  in  the  Yamada  Museum. 

Family  RAJID.E. 
Genus  Raja  Linnaeus. 

Key  to  the  Japanese  Species  of  Raja. 

o.  Upper  parts  wholly  covered  with  spinules  Raja  isotrnchys.'^ 

aa.  Upper  parts  mostl}',  but  not  wholly,  beset  with  spinules Raja  knjiensis." 

aaa.  Upper  parts  largely  smooth. 

b.  Snout  little  or  moderateh'  produced,  its  length  from  eye  much  le^:s  than  the  distance  from 
spiracle  to  inner  angle  of  pectoral  fin;  front  margin  of  disc  little  concave. 

'^Giinther,  Challenger  Reports,  Deep  Sea  Fishes,  1887,  p.  7,  p\.  .3. 

"Allied  to  Raja  ixotrachy.'i  is  Raja  kiijiensis  Tanaka,  Dobutsu-gaku  Zasshi,  XX\'III,  Xo.  .331, 
May  1.5,  191G,  p.  173.  .\n  English  translation  of  the  Japanese  description  has  been  kindly  supplied  by 
Dr.  Tanaka: 

"Disk  rhomboid,  wider  than  long  (including  ventral  fins);  snout  shghtly  pointed,  its  tip  making  an 
angle  of  one  hundred  and  forty  degrees;  the  disk  weakly  crenulate  in  anterior  margins,  rounded  at  outer 
angle,  making  an  angle  of  about  one  hundred  degrees;  posterior  angles  of  disk  also  rounded,  making 
an  angle  of  about  ninety  degrees;  longer  diameter  of  eye  shorter  than  interorbital  width;  length  of  snout 
(measured  to  front  of  eye)  about  two  times  interorbital  width;  spiracle  shorter  than  diameter  of  eye; 
teeth  in  each  jaw  in  twenty-five  rows;  two  dorsals  well  apart.  Body  uniformly  scattered  with  small 
spines,  the  spines  very  few  in  a  small  area  behind  spiracle,  none  on  the  border  of  eye  only;  large  spines 
arranged  in  a  single  row  from  behind  eye  to  second  dorsal  on  the  middle  line  of  dorsal  surface;  near  centre 
of  disk  a  pair  of  rather  large  spines  on  either  side  of  the  spines  of  mid-dorsal  line;  lower  surface  entirely 
smooth.  Color  in  formaUn  purplish  brown,  with  a  few  black  spots,  which  are  scattered  irregularly  and 
unsymmetrically  in  relation  to  the  mid-dorsal  line;  under  surface  dead-white,  with  but  few  dusky  spots; 
margin  dusky  gray.     Locality:    Kuji,  in  Hitachi,  northeast  of  Tokyo.     Length:    82.5  mm." 


110  ■  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

c.  Snout  scarcely  produced,  its  length  equal  to  distance  between  outer  edges  of  spiracles; 
line  joining  extreme  angle  of  pectorals  dividing  the  disc  into  two  pciual  parts;  body 
covered  with  black  spots.  Rostral  cartilages  united  for  more  tlian  half  their 
length;  caudal  fin  developed;  lateral  folds  on  tail  coiisijicuous,  extending  to  middle 

of  caudal  fin Rajafusca. 

(T.  Snout   moilerately  iiroduced,  its  length   much  greater  than  distance  between  outer 

edges  of  spiracles;  line  joining  extreme  angles  of  pectorals  dividing  the  disc  into  a 

larger  more  attenuate  anterior  part  and  a  smaller  posterior  portion;  liody  without 

black  spots. 

d.  Rostral  cartilages  united  for  only  one-third  their  length;  caudal  fin  barely 

evident.     Lateral  folds  of  tail  very  wide,  extending  almost  to  extreme  tip 

of  tail;  tail  depressed  throughout;  first  dorsal  separated  from  the  second  by 

more  than  half  its  basal  length;  a  single  row  of  spines  on  top  of  tail  in 

specimens  as  long  as  385  mm.;  body  unmarked,  except  for  the  two  pectoral 

ocelli  of  the  young,  and  faint  lighter  spots Raja  smirnovi. 

(III.   Kostral  cartilages  united  for  half  their  length;  caudal  fin  rather  high. 

e.  Lateral  folds  of  tail  broad,  extending  to  middle  of  caudal  fin;  tail  de- 
pressed throughout;  first  dorsal  separated  from  second  by  less  than 
half  its  basal  length;  series  of  spines  on  top  of  tail  multiple  in  speci- 
mens as  small  as  25  cm. ;  no  spines  developed  on  lateral  edge  of 
tail;  body  rather  plainly  colored,  the  pale  blotches  indefinite  or 

absent,  even  in  the  young Raja  tobce. 

ee.  Lateral  folds  of  tail  obsolete;  tail  becoming  compressed  toward  tip,  the 
caudal  fin  unusually  well  developed;  first  dorsal  separated  from  the 
second  Ijy  more  than  half  its  basal  length;  series  of  spines  on  tail 
single  in  specimens  as  long  as  35  cm.  (a  partial  series  of  spines  on 
each  lateral  edge  of  tail  in  a  specimen  58  cm.  long);  body  coarsely 
and  conspicuously  lilotched  with  ])ale,  except  in  large  adults. 

Raja  kenojei. 
hi).  Snout  greatly  jjroduced,  its  length  from  eye  about  equal  to  distance  from  spiracle  to  inner 
angle  of  pectoral  fin;  front  margin  of  disc  deeply  concave.  Rostral  cartilages  united  for 
about  half  their  length.  Caudal  fin  rather  high;  lateral  folds  of  tail  weak  anteriorly,  well 
developed  posteriorly,  extending  to  middle  of  caudal  fin;  tail  depressed  throughout;  first 
dorsal  separated  from  second  by  more  than  half  its  basal  length;  series  of  spines  single 
on  to]5  of  tail;  adult  with  a  single  additional  series  of  spines  on  each  lateral  edge  of  tail; 
coloration  ])lain Raja  tcngu.'^ 

36.   [76]  Raja  fusca  Garman.     Kurokasubc  =  B\iick 'iikate. 

Raid  fusca  Garman,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  VIII,  1885,  p.  42. — Jordan  and  Fowler, 
Proc.  U.  8.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  649.— Pietschmann,  Sitzungsb.  Akad. 
Wiss.  Wien.,  CXVII,  1908,  p.  645. — Garman,  ^slem.  Mus.  Comp.  ZooL, 
XXXVI,  1913,  p.  349,  pi.  24,  figs.  4-5. 

Raja  kenojei  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIII,  1901,  p.  337.— 
Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  652;  and  of  other 
American  writers. — Pietschmann,  Sitzungsb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  CXVII,  1908, 
p.  647.     (Not  Raia  kenojei  MUller  and  Henle,  nor  of  other  writers  prior  to  1900). 

'^Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M..  XX\'I,  l!t03,  p.  054,  fig.  8. 


JORDAX   AXn  III'BBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  Ill 

This  species  is  obviously  not  the  one  called  R.  kenojd  l)v  Allilk'r  and  Hcnlc. 
We  feel  fairh'  certain  that  the  form  identified  by  recent  workers  as  R.  kenojei  is 
the  adult  of  Raja  fusca,  as  we  have  mature  individuals,  others  half-grown,  a  young 
one,  and  an  embryo,  well  matching  Garman's  type,  all  apparently  representing 
stages  of  growth  in  one  species.  The  black  spots  first  appear  on  the  pectoral 
ocellus. 

The  embryo  was  collected  by  S.  Yoshizawa  at  Toyama  on  the  Sea  of  .Japan; 
the  young  specimen  by  Aoki  at  ?^Iisaki;  a  male  39  cm.  long,  with  small  claspers,  by 
Jordan  in  the  Yokohama  market. 

37.   [78]  Raja  smirnovi  "  Soldatov  and  Pavlenko.    Majattc-kasube. 

Raja  hiunculata  Schmidt,  Pisces  Marium  Oi'ientalium,  1904,  ]).  291  (not  of  (lirard, 

a  ( 'alif ornian  species) . 
Raja  meerdervoorti  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  AI.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  4(J1  (in  part  at  least; 

not  Raia  meerdervoortii  Bleeker). 
Raja  smirnovi  Soldatov  and  Pavlexko,  Ann.  Musee  ZoiU.,  Acad.  Im;).  Xat.  Sci. 

Petrograd,  XX,  1915,  p.  162,  pi.  V,  Peter  the  Great  Bay. 

Of  what  seems  to  be  this  species  we  have  a  young  male  385  mm.  in  total  length 
(C.  M.  ("at.  Fishes  Xo.  7776).  taken  with  a  slightly  smaller  {)aratype  off  Fukui  on 
the  Japan  Sea  (Xonaka  aiU.}.    Six  smaller  paratypes  were  collected  by  S.  Takayasu 

'^As  thf  original  accMjunt  liy  the  Russian  author  i>  not  generally  accessiMe,  we  api>enil  the  siib- 
f-tanee  of  it: 

Description  of  a  New  Species  of  the  Family  Rajid.e  from  Peter  the  CJreat  Ray  and  from  the 

Okhotsk  Sea. 
Ry  V.  Soldatov  and  ^L  Pavlenko. 

Raja  smirnovi  >|i.  nov. 

Type,  a  male  S))ecinien  1(177  mm.  long  from  Peter  the  Great  Bay;  cotyiie,  .a  female  specimen 
.510  mm.  long  from  Okhotsk  Sea  .5S°3.S'  X,  l.-)2°  4.5'  E,,  obtained  hy  Dr.  Derbek  at  depth  of  60  fathoms. 

Disk  much  broader  than  long:  the  snout  broad,  not  produced  at  tip.  The  anterior  margin  greatly 
arched;  the  rostral  angle  being  about  100°.  Interorbital  area  broad.  (Mjiicave.  Roth  U])per  and  lower 
surfaces  are  naked;  only  a  few  minute  spines  or  prickles  jiresent  along  the  anterior  and  (xisterior  l)order 
of  pectoral  fins,  on  ti])  of  snout,  f)ii  anterior  and  posterior  portion  of  m'bital  rim.  Three  strong  siiines  on 
middle  of  back  in  male, and  onlytwo  in  female  specimen.  Two  strong  scajnilar  spines  in  male, as  in  female. 
Xo  spines  on  middle  of  disk,  .\fter  interruption  the  sjiines  reappear  in  a  series  of  22-26  on  liack  of  tail; 
a  wide  band  of  coarser  minute  prickles  on  each  side  of  tail.  Under  parts  without  spines  and  prii^kles. 
A  wide  lateral  fold  along  either  side  of  tail.  Pectoral  hooks  very  well  developed;  they  are  usually  railial 
in  i)osition,  in  22-23  series,  and  have  at  most  6  7  hooks  in  a  series.  Dorsals  very  high  and  very  near 
together.  Retween  dorsals  there  is  no  spine  in  the  males,  and  only  one  in  the  females.  Teeth  20-24. 
Color  in  spirits;    light  brown  alidve.  whitish  below,  no  s])ots  or  blotches. 

Length  of  body  1077  mm.;  width  of  disk  7S.t  mm.;  lengtli  of  disk  .544  mm.;  length  of  snout  136  mm. 

Xamed  for  Mr.  Smirnov,  Inspector  of  Fisheries.    Collected  in  the  Okhotsk  Sea. 


112  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEXTM. 

at  Takashima.  iu>ar  Otaiii.  It  is  (lovihtless  northern  in  distribution,  and  is  a])- 
parently  the  same  as  Raja  smirnovi,  lately  described  from  the  coast  of  Siberia. 
Our  material  is  contrasted  with  the  other  Japanese  species  in  the  key  given  above. 
It  is  closel,y  related  to  the  Shore-rays  of  western  North  America,  most  closely 
perhai)s  to  R.  binoculata  and  R.  inornata.  Fi'om  R.  hinoculata  it  diff(>rs  in  the 
shaii)ly  indented  margin  of  the  ventral  fin  and  in  coloration,  from  R.  inornata  in 
the  less  widely  connected  rostral  cartilages,  in  having  the  second  dorsal  and  caudal 
fins  entirely  separated,  and  in  the  spination  of  the  back. 

Disk  broader  than  long,  the  greatest  width,  when  measured  backwai'd  fi'om 
tip  of  snout,  extending  to  a  ]ioint  midway  between  the  end  of  the  ventral  fin  and 
the  insertion  of  the  first  doi'sal;  its  jwsterior  margin  weakly  convex,  while  the 
anterior  margin  is  slightly  flexuous,  a  gentle  convexity  opposite  the  ej^es  not  ciuite 
reaching  to  the  chord  across  the  general  convex  curve.  A  straight  line  between 
the  extreme  angles  of  the  disk  approximately  coincides  with  the  end  of  the  second 
third  of  the  length  of  the  disk.  The  front  angle  of  the  whole  disk  is  about  ninety 
degrees  in  the  larger  specimens,  about  one  hundred  degrees  in  the  smaller  ones; 
the  angle  of  the  snout,  fifty-five  degrees  in  the  larger,  ninety  degrees  in  the  smaller 
specimens;  the  snout,  as  the  measurements  indicate,  becomes  produced  witli  age, 
but  the  extreme  tij)  is  nevei-  sharply  pi'oduced  beyond  the  general  contoui-;  the 
length  of  the  snout  from  the  eye  is  nearly  four  times  the  width  of  the  concave 
interorbital,  about  1.7  times  the  distance  between  the  outer  edges  of  the  spiracles; 
the  length  of  the  snout  before  the  mouth  is  about  2.4  times  the  width  of  the  mouth, 
or  the  least  distance  between  the  nostrils,  and  is  contained  1.6  times  in  the  distance 
fi'om  the  mouth  to  the  front  of  the  anal  slit.  Outer  edge  of  ventral  fin  sharply 
indented  or  deei)ly  concave.  Tail  shoi't,  its  length  when  measured  from  middle  of 
anal  slit  only  equal  to  the  distance  from  that  point  forward  to  the  middle  of  the 
l)i-e-()ral  length  of  snout;  it  is  much  compressed  throughout,  becoming  excessively 
flat  towai'd  its  tijx  Lateral  keel,  wliich  originates  near  the  extreme  base  of  the 
tail,  extending  backwai'd  to  within  less  than  2  mm.  of  end  of  tail,  leaving  a  keelless 
tip  scarcel.y  longer  than  broad:  the  keel  increases  in  size  posteriorly,  its  dorsal 
width  opposite  the  second  dorsal  being  equal  to  the  depth  of  the  tail  inmiediately 
behind  that  fin.  The  first  dorsal  fin  is  inserted  nearer  the  end  of  the  tail  than  the 
anus  by  a  distance  equal  to  its  own  base,  and  is  separated  from  the  second  by  an 
interval  nearly  equal  to  its  base.  Supracaudal  extremely  low,  its  height  being 
only  one-tenth  its  length;  only  separated  bj'  a  short  interspace  from  the  second 
dorsal.  Body  wholly  smooth,  except  for  a  few  strong  spines,  arranged  as  follows: 
one  at  outer  edge  of  front  orbital  rim,  directed  outward  and  backward;  one  at 


JOKDAX  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  113 

inner  edge  of  front  orbital  rim,  directed  straight  hackwai'd:  one  on  orliital  rim 
opposite  back  of  eye,  directed  outward  and  backward:  only  one  at  the  shoulder:  a 
row  of  eight  to  eleven  strictly  median  spines  on  the  tail,  and  one  or  two  more  be- 
tween the  dorsals.  The  strong  rostral  cartilages  converge  in  a  slightly  com-ex 
curve  towartl  the  tip  of  the  snout,  and  are  free  for  two-thirds  of  theii-  length. 

The  brown  color  of  the  upi^er  surfaces  is  m(M-e  oi'  less  indefinitely  broken  l)y 
paler  blotches.  The  pectoral  ocelli  are  vividly  distinct  in  our  smaller  s])ecimens, 
being  reddish,  with  or  without  a  gray  center,  within  a  narrow  black  ring,  Init  in 
the  larger  specimens  are  rather  indefinite.  In  the  young  the  tail  may  l)e  trans- 
versely banded.  The  lateral  keels  of  the  tail  and  the  extreme  front  margin  of  the 
disk  are  pale. 

As  our  largest  specimen  has  the  claspers  barely  developed,  this  ray  must 
attain  a  large  size.  Our  specimens  differ  from  the  original  account  of  this  species 
in  the  entire  absence  of  small  prickles,  and  in  the  smaller  numbei'  of  spines  on  the 
middle  line  of  the  back,  both  features  probably  matters  of  age. 

38.  [73]  Raja  tobae  Tanaka.     A7;.s»hc'  =  Skate. 

Raja  meerdervoorti  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXXIII,  1901,  p.  337. 

—Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc,  U.  S,  X.  :\I.,  XXVI.  1903,  p.  G50,  fig.  7,  and  of 

subsequent  writers,  except  Pietschmann.  190S,  and  Snyder,  1912.     Pioliably 

not  Raia  meerdervoorti i  Bleeker. 
Raja  tobcc  Tanaka,  Zool.  Mag.*,  XXVUI,  1910,  p.  313  (in  Japanese):  Fig.  Desc. 

Fish.  Japan,  XXV,  1917,  pp.  453,  455,  pis.  124-127. 

Of  this  species  we  have  a  male,  very  like  the  type  of  R.  folxc,  from  Aliyazu 
(Kyoto  Fishery  In.stitution) ;  a  female,  like  Tanaka's  allotype,  from  the  Tokyo 
market  (Jordan);  and  six  smaller  specimens,  one  from  the  Tol)a  mai'ket  (Jordan 
and  Yamamoto).  four  from  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya),  and  one  from  ^likawa  Bay 
(]M.  Ishikawa). 

It  seems  to  us  probable  that  R.  nieerdervoortii  of  the  older  authors  (prior  to 
1900)  is  the  same  as  the  original  R.  kenojci.  We  therefore,  adopt  Tanaka's  name. 
It  is  a  rather  small  ray,  structurall\-  well  distinguished  from  the  others  of  Japan. 

39.   [74]  Raja  kenojei  ^lUUer  and  Henle.    rjV«;^/e'i  =  Rasp-skate. 

Raia  kenojei  Muller  and  Henle,  Plagiostomen,  1838,  p.  149,  pi.  4S,  and  of  other 
authors  prior  to  1900. 

*Frequt'iit  references  made  in  the  synonomy  in  this  pajjcr  are  to  the  ''Zool.  ALas-"  hy  which  is 
intended  the  Dobutzu-Gaku  Zasahi,  a  Japanese  publication  issued  in  Tokyo,  of  tlie  title  of  which  "Zoological 
Magazine"  is  a  translation.     W.  J.  Holl.\.\d. 


114  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

(?)  Rdiii  iiircrdcrvnnrlii  Bleeker,  Act.  8oc.  Sci.  Iiul.  Ncerl.,  VIII,  1860,  p.  66. 

(?)  Rdidjd/xniicd  Xystrom,  Handl.  Svensk.  Vet.  Akad.,  XIII,  1887,  p.  52  (Nagasaki). 

Alisaki  (Aoki) ;  Toyania  ( Yoshizawa) ;  Miyazu  (Kyoto  Fish.  Instit.).    2   9  9. 

Tlio  name  kenajci  is  in  current  use  for  a  vei-y  different  species,  Raja  fusca 
(iannan.  "riic  name  ineerdervoorti,  which  is  ijrohably  synonymous  with  kenojei, 
has  l)e('n  used  for  the  species  lately  named  tobce  by  Tanaka.  Mliller  and  Henle's 
figure  shows  most  of  the  trenchant  characters  of  tlie  i)resent  form,  tluis  diverging 
widely  fioni  Raja  J'nscft.  The  sj^ecies,  so  far  as  we  can  ascertain,  has  not  pre- 
viously Ix'cn  !•(■(•( )r( led  by  American  ichthyologists. 

Family  DASYATID.Fl 
40.    [7!)]   Dasyatis  akajei  (Miillei- and  Henk-).     -lAr(f?'=  Red  Ray. 
Miyazu,  Mikawa  Bay. 
This  species  is  common  in  the  markets  of  Japan,  especially  southward. 

41.    Dasyatis  ushiei  Joidan  and  Ilubbs,  sp.  nov.     L'^.s7;;V/  =  Cow-ray. 

The  tyix',  and  only  known  specimen,  {C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  Xo.  7778),  is  a  young 
male,  988  mm.  long  to  tip  of  tail,  collected  by  Masashi  Ishikawa  in  Mikawa  Bay,  a 
branch  of  the  Gulf  of  Ise. 

This  Sting-ray  is  obviously  out'  of  very  large  size,  for  oiu-  type  has  the  claspers 
still  rudimentary.  It  may  Ix'  that  the  adult  is  the  huge  form  known  along  the 
Jai)anese  coasts  as  ''ushiei."  or  "Cow-ray."  An  example  of  this  Ushiei,  fi'oin  the 
coast  of  Mutsu,  near  Aomori,  was  seen  by  Dr.  Jordan  in  the  Yamada  Museum. 
It  was  six  feet  long,  had  a  great  sting,  and  a  single  row  of  strong  bucklers  along 
the  back  and  tail,  but  was  otherwise  ai)iiarently  smooth;  the  front  margin  was 
rounded,  not  angular. 

The  chief  characters  of  the  tyjx'  follow.  Disk  nearly  one-fourth  bi'oatler  than 
long  (the  greatest  width  383  mm.;  the  length  to  opposite  end  of  pectoral  310  mm.). 
Tip  of  the  snout  but  slightly  produced;  the  front  angle  of  the  snout  is  150  degrees; 
the  front  angle  formed  between  the  nearly  straight  front  margin  of  the  disk  is 
105  degrees.  The  line  across  the  greatest  width  of  the  disk  traverses  the  anterior 
part  of  the  disk  at  a  median  distance  behind  the  tip  of  th(>  snout,  which  is  2.4  times 
{\\v  length  of  the  snout.  The  ocular  and  branchial  regions  are  considerably 
elevated,  so  that  the  phy.siognomy  a])i)roaches  that  of  the  myliobatid  rays.  Eyes 
somewhat  elevated;  oi-bit  about  as  large  as  the  spiracle,  which  is  of  rhombic  outline 
and  faces  about  eciually  outward,  upward,  and  forward;  interorbital  flattish,  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  snout.  Width  of  mouth  about  one-fourth  less  than  least 
internarial  distance,  a  little  less  than  half  pre-oral  length  of  snout,  which  in  turn 


JORDAN  AND  HT'BBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  llo 

is  one-third  distance  from  mouth  to  inner  posterior  angle  of  ventral  fins.  Only 
twenty-three  oblique  rows  of  teeth  in  uppei-  jaw.  Oral  papillae  seven,  in  three 
groups,  of  which  the  median  series  comprises  three  pa]:)illse.  Outer  margin  of 
ventral  fins  longer  than  either  the  anterior  or  posterior  sides,  slightly  concave,  and 
forming  an  angle  of  about  eighty-five  degrees  with  the  posterior  margin,  which  is 
subtruncate.  Tail  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  disk;  slightly  compressed  an- 
teriorly, hut  terete  and  whip-like  behind  base  of  vspine.  Upper  edge  of  the  tail 
bearing  a  rudimentary  keel  sliorter  than  the  orl)it,  located  nf)t  fai'  behind  the 
base  of  the  spine;  lower  edge  l^earing  a  very  low  fold,  extending  from  its  oi-igin 
opposite  base  of  .-^inne  nearly  one-third  of  distance  to  tip  of  tail,  where  it  grades 
into  a  low  keel,  covered  with  shagreen,  which  extends  almost  to  the  extreme  tip 
of  tail.  Except  for  the  caudal  s]3ine,  the  body  is  without  armature  of  any  kind, 
and  smooth  shagreen  is  only  developed  on  the  posterior  three-fourths  of  tail. 

Color  of  the  upper  surface  gray,  with  some  blackish  margins  of  irregular  form 
and  disposition.  Tail  mostly  blackish,  white  mottled  with  darker  on  the  lower 
surface  of  the  thickened  basal  portion.  Under  .surface  of  di.sk  white,  with  darker 
clouds  toward  the  margin  posteriorly. 

This  .species  is  characterized  by  its  large  size,  smooth  body,  the  form  and 
keeling  of  the  tail,  the  numerous  (seven)  buccal  papillse,  the  blunt  snout,  etc. 

42.  Dasyatis  species  (?). 

Another  very  large  sting-ray  inhabits  the  shores  of  Japan.  It  has  the  tail 
armed  with  coarse  strong  tubercles,  of  very  large  size  on  the  mid-line  before  the 
spine.  The  lower  edge  has  a  strong  fold,  armed,  except  anteriorly,  with  small 
tubercles,  and  extending  from  oppo.site  the  ba.se  of  the  caudal  spine  to,  oi-  nearly 
to,  the  end  of  the  tail;  the  upjx'r  edge  has  no  keel  or  fold. 

The  tail  of  this  species  is  often  sold  in  the  markets  of  Jajxin,  l)eing  made  into 
a  cane. 

The  species  apparently  is  not  yet  desci'ibed. 

43.   [83]  Pteroplatea  japonica  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 
Tsuba-kurii-ei  =  ^word-guard  Black  Ray. 

A  specimen  from  iNIiyazu  was  presented  by  Di-.  Ishikawa.  Others  were  seen, 
but  not  taken,  in  the  markets  of  Tokyo,  O.saka,  etc.    It  is  generally  rathei-  common. 

44.   [84]  Urolophus  fuscus  (iarman.     A'«/v>-p;'=  Black  Sting-ray. 

Yokohama  market  (Jordan);  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Alisaki 
(Aoki) ;  Kagoshima  Baj'  (Wakij'a) . 


1  Hi  MEMOIUS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  AETOBATID.-E. 
45.   [85]  Aetobatus  tobijei  (BleekcM-).     T<ih('-ei  =  'ih\\\k-vt[y. 

Tokyo  market  (Otaki).     Not  I'arc  soutliwai'd. 

40.  Stoasodon  narinari  (Euphrasen). 

Tokyo  market;  a  .si)ecimen  sent  l)y  Professor  Otaki.  This  is  the  first  I'ecoi'd 
from  Japan  of  tliis  widely  diffused  s]X'cies.  Exam])lrs  from  different  regions  need 
comparison. 

The  name  Aitobatus  was  j)rop(>sed  by  Blainville  in  ISIG  foi'  the  "Raies  aisles," 
of  which  Rajd  aqidla  Linnaeus  was  the  commonest  European  and  best  known 
species.  In  his  "Faune  FranQaise,"  edited  by  Serville  in  1820,  Blainville  changed 
the  pai'ticle  Ixdus  in  each  case  to  hutis  and  m(>ntions  under  Aeiobatis  but  one 
species,  the  ''Ruie  aiyle,''  which  he  calls  Aetobatis  aquiln.  This  species  later  became 
th(>  type  of  Mijliohatis  (Dumeril)  Cuvi(>i\  1817.  In  1838,  Miiller  and  Henle  adopted 
Myliobatis  for  the  Eagle-rays,  (juoting  the  earlier  Aetobatis  Blainville  as  a  synonym, 
while  they  established  a  new  genus  " Aetobatis N ."  for  the  exotic  Raja  narinari 
Eujihi-asen.  In  1849,  Cantor  revei-ted  to  the  original  arrangement,  making  Mylio- 
b(ttis  a  synonym  of  Aetobatis  Blainville,  and  giving  a  new  name,  Stoasodon,  to 
Raja  narinari.  It  seems  to  us  that  this  arrangement  must  stand  in  accordance 
with  current  rules. 

Family  CHIM.ERID.E. 

In  our  oi)inion  the  genus  Chiniara  must  be  sul)divided,  for  the  species  are 
distinguished  by  trenchant  structural  features.  The  seven  species  known  to 
inhabit  tlie  waters  of  Jajian  may  be  (li\-ided  among  four  genera.  These  may 
briefly  be  contrasted  as  follows: 

(I.   Clasjifrs  trifid. 

Ii.   .\iuil  distinct  from  the  sulicaudal;  second  dorsal  fin  not  notcdicd Chnniira. 

hi).  Anal  fin  aljscnt. 

c.   Dorsal  fin  not  notched Psychirhthys. 

cc.   Dorsal  fin  deeply  notched Bathyalopex. 

(III.   C^laspers  l)ifid:  anal  fin  alisent. 

(/.   Dorsal  fin  not  notched;  caudal  filament  excessively  jirolonfied  .  .  .  .  Pliiif:mirhlhy.'^. 

Genus  Chim^era  Linnseus. 
Three  Japanese  species,  C.  phantasma,oirstoni,  and  jordani  may  be  retained  in  the 
genus  Chimara,  which  otherwise  will  include  only  C.  monstrosa  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

47.    [87]    Chimaera  phantasma  Jordan  and  Snyder.     Gin-zame  =  Silver  shark. 

An  adult  female  from  the  Osaka  mai-ket  (Jordan)  corresponds  well  witli  the 
descriptions  of  this  sj^ecies  given  by  Jordan  and  Snyder,  by  Tanaka,  and  by 
Garman.    A  mounted  skin  from  Sagami  Bay  was  seen-  in  the  Yamada  Museum. 


.loHDAN   AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1!I22.  117 

(!(>mis  PsYCHicHTHYS  Fowler."" 

We  j)f()visi()ii;illy  adoj)!  this  name  for  Chimsericls  havino;  tiifid  elaspers,  anal 
fin  al)sent,  and  tlu>  dorsal  fin  not  notched.  In  addition  to  the  new  species  described 
below  Psi/chiclillu/s  (xjilhiji  has  been  listed  from  Ja])an,  a  record  which  needs 
verification. 

48.     |S9]    Psychichthys  eidolon  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov.     (Plate  V,  fig.   1.) 

Kdclii-zanic  =  Priceless  shark. 

CliinKint  purpurascens  (Gilbert  M8.)  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Smiths.  Misc.  Coll., 

XLV,  1904,  p.  235.— Tanaka,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XX,  Dec.  1905,  ]).  14. 

Not  C.  purpurasccns  Gilbert,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fish.  Comm.,  XXIII,  1903  (Aug. 

1905),  p.  582,  fig.  231,  which  is  a  Hawaiian  species. 

Type,  a  specimen  128.5  cm.  long,  from  "off  Mishima,  Izu,  in  Sagami  Bay"; 
Cat.  No.  12902,  Stanford  Univei-sity  Fish  Collection.    (C.  M.  Cat.  Fi.shes,  No.7779). 

Jordan  and  Snyder  recorded  the  same  specimen  in  1904,  refen-ing  it  to  a 
Hawaiian  species  described  in  a  manuscript  by  Dr.  Gilbert,  which  did  not  appear 
until  some  time  later.  As  the  account  given  by  Jordan  and  Snyder  was  not  in- 
tended as  a  description,  but  mei-ely  as  an  indication  that  a  black  chima^ra  occurred 
also  in  Japan,  the  name  purpurascens,  dating  from  1904,  must  be  regarded  as 
nomen  nudum,  until  the  apjDearance  of  the  ixiper  by  Gilbert.  Tanaka  gave  a  brief 
account  of  the  specie.s  as  Cliititara  purpunisccns  in  his  descriptions  of  Chim/era 
jorddni  and  C.  rnrstoni.  Garman-'  for  no  appai-ent  reason  uses  this  name  to 
rei)lace  ('.  jordani,  a  Japanese  species  unknown  to  Jordan,  Snyder,  or  Gilbert,  and 
then  I'enames  the  true  C.  purpurascens,  as  Chimaera  gilberti. 

Psychichthys  eidolon  is  most  like  P.  piirpurascens,  the  Hawaiian  species,  with 
which  it  has  been  confused,  but  differs  in  the  much  higher  first  dorsal  fin  and 
much  shorter  jiectoral  fin,  so  that  the  spine  is  contained  much  less,  instead 
of  much  more,  than  two  times  in  the  length  of  the  upper  pectoral  margin.  The 
soft  dorsal  rays  are  higher  than  in  purpurascens,  4.5  in  head. 

Body  moderately  deep  (depth  a  little  less  than  one-sixth  the  total  length), 
and  compressed  throughout.  Head  massive,  almost  as  deep  (although  only  half 
as  wide)  as  long.  Snout  produced  as  a  conic  projection  about  as  long  as  eye,  and 
with  its  base  separated  from  the  nostrils  by  a  like  distance;  tij)  of  snout  on  level 
with  lower  border  of  eye.  Interorbital  space  convex,  a  little  narrower  than  the 
eye  is  long.    Anterior  dental  laminae  of  the  upper  jaw  contain  five  or  seven  enamel 

-"  Fowler,  Prop.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  l>liila.,  I'.IOT,  p.  411). 
"'  Garman,  Mem.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  XL,  1911,  p.  86. 


118  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

rods;  anterior  laminjp  of  lower  jaw  notclied  at  symi)liysis.  Eye,  4.2  in  head; 
orbit.  3.80;  interorbital,  4.4;  snout,  1.8;  i)re-()ral  length  of  snout,  2.4;  di.stanoe 
from  snout  to  istlunus,  1.95;  least  distance  from  eye  to  gill-slit,  2.35,  barely 
greater  than  h^ast  distance  from  eye  to  suborbital  fold;  eye  to  insertion  of 
dorsal  spine,  1.9.  Dorsal  spine  comparatively  slender,  without  anterior  keel, 
posterolateral  serrations,  oi'  posterior  groove,  and  contained  about  1.3  times  in 
head.  Soft  portion  of  fin  extending  as  a  rounded  tip  adjacent  to  the  spine; slightly 
farther  outward  it  has  a  mai-gin,  which  is  straight,  except  to\\ai-d  the  base,  where 
it  is  bent  shari)ly  l)ackAvard  to  merge  into  the  low  ke(4,  which,  enclosed  in  a  fleshy 
groove,  connects  the  two  doi-sals.  First  dorsal  inserted  nearly  the  length  of  an  eye 
behind  vertical  from  end  of  head;  second  doi'sal  farther  backward,  a  distance 
eriual  to  length  of  head  minus  eye.  Second  dorsal  rising  gradually  to  attain  its 
full  height  (4.5  in  head)  aliove  middle  of  the  depressed  ventral  fin,  then  main- 
taining this  height  almost  to  its  end.  The  short  interval  between  second  dorsal 
and  caudal  is  filled  !)>'  a  fleshy  ridge,  which  merges  into  the  latter  fin.  Supracaudal 
rising  to  its  greatest  height  near  end  of  first  third  of  length  of  its  base,  which  equals 
the  intei-\'al  between  origins  of  the  two  dorsals ;  it  is  separated  slightly  by  a  notcli  from 
a  very  low  fleshy  keel,  which  extends  farther  backward  about  half  length  of  eye. 
Subcaudal  similar  in  shape  and  height  to  supi'acaudal,  but  its  rayed  portion  ex- 
tends farther  in  each  direction,  its  base  being  about  one-fourth  longer;  it  is  con- 
tinued without  notches  backward  as  an  inconspicuous  dermal  fold  well  toward  the 
end  of  the  caudal  filament,  and  forward  indefinitel}'  as  a  thick  fold.  Pectoral  fin 
less  than  length  of  eye  longer  than  head,  and,  when  depressed,  does  not  reach  the 
ventral;  its  edge  is  very  slightly  falcate  dorsally,  Init  continued  around  in  a  wide 
circle  to  a  distinct  notch  at  the  lowei-  posterior  end  of  the  base.  Caudal  filament 
at  least  as  long  as  the  snout,  as  measui-ed  fi'om  the  end  of  the  rayed  portion  of 
doi'sal.  Tlic  tip  of  the  tail  is  impei'fect,  and  may  have  been  broken  off,  but  it 
was  probably  little,  if  any,  longer. 

Color  a  uniform  dee]i  purpli-sh  black,  as  dark  on  the  belly  as  on  the  back.  The 
tone  of  color,  and  particularly  the  ab.sence  of  counter-shading,  indicates  that  the 
species  inlial)its  waters  of  great  depth.  Its  Hawaiian  representative.  Psijclnchilii/s 
purpurdscots.  was  taken  at  a  de])th  of  between  957  and  1()()7  fatlioms. 

Genus  Bathyalopex  Collett. 

49.    [93]    Bathyalopex  barbouri  (Cai-man).    H osh i-g i nzame  = '^tar  Clnmieva. 

Cliimard  spilata  Taxaka,  Joui'.  ('oil.  Sci.  Imj).  Univ.,  Tokj'o,  XXIII,  1908,  p.  15. 
We  have  not  .■^een  this  species. 


JORDAN'  AXn  III'BBS:  JAPANESE  FISUKS  COLLECTED   1922.  119 

Genus  Phas.michthys  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 
Genotype:     Chimcera  mitsukur ii  .Iohda^  and  Snyder. 

This  genus  differs  homHydrolagus  {colliei)  of  the  California  coast  (witli  which 

it  agrees  in  having  the  claspers  bifid  and  having  no  distinct  anal  fin)  in  the  lack 

of  a  notch  in  the  second  dorsal  and  in  the  great  prolongation  of  the  caudal  filament. 

Apparently  Chimara  nnrcv-zcahindice  Fowler  should  be  referred  to  this  genus. 

50.   [88]  Phasmichthys  mitsukurii  (Jordan  and  Snyder). 
Chimara  phantasnia  Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  AI.,  XXM,  1003,  p.  609 

(not  of  Jordan  and  Snyder). 
Chimcprn  mitsukurii  (Dean  ]MS.)  Jordan  and  Snyder.  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M..  XXMI, 

January  23.  1904,  p.  224,  fig.  2,  Sagami  Bay. — Dean,  Jour.  ("oil.  Sci.  Tokyo, 

XIX,  Febiuaiy  15,  1904,  p.  6,  pi.  1,  figs.  1,  2,  Sagami  Bay. — Gar.max,  Alem. 

Mus.  Gomp.  Zool.,  XL.  1911,  p.  87. 

A  male  from  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Garman  erroneously  describes  the  claspers  as  trifid  in  this  species. 

Jordan  and  Snyder's  description  has  slight  priority  over  that  of  Dean,  but  the 
name  being  taken  from  Dean's  manuscript  we  must  attril:)ute  the  specic^s  to  Dean. 

Family  PTEROTHRISSID.E. 
51.   [99]  Pterothrissus  gissu  Hilgendorf.    Gisu. 
Shizuoka  and  Yokohama  markets  (Jordan). 

This  peculiar  fish  is  common  in  rather  deep  water  from  the  vicinity  of  Tokyo 
southward.  At  Shizuoka  great  numbers  are  used  in  the  manufactui-e  of  kamoboku, 
producing  a  grade  little  infci-ioi'  to  that  made  from  the  sciaenoid  fishes. 

Family  ELOPID.F:. 

52.   [lOlJ  Elops  machnata  Foi-skal.     K< ira-i irasli i  =  V\'\io\e 'r^ardine. 

Alisaki  (Aoki);  Kobe  market  (Jordan). 

The  Elops  of  Japan  and  Formosa  has  been  referred  by  Jordan  and  Richardson, - 
Tanaka,-^  and  Jordan.  Tanaka,  and  Snyder'-^  to  the  Hawaiian  species,  E.  Jia- 
waiensis,  rather  than  to  the  East  Indian  species,  E.  machnata,  with  which  Regan-^ 
included  it  in  his  review  of  the  genus.  We  have  compared  oui'  three  Japanese 
specimens  with  two  from  Hawaii,  the  latter  i-epresenting  E.  hairaicnsis.  The 
two  forms  were  found  to  l)e  extremely  similar,  the  character  of  the  projection 

--  Mem.  Car.  Mu.<..  IV,  1909,  p.  1(35,  pi.  G6,  upper  fig. 
^'  Fig.  De.se.  Fishes  .Ja]):m,  X,  1912,  p.  184,  pi.  50. 
'^  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII,  1913,  p.  35. 
-'  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (S)  III,  1909,  pp.  37-40. 


120  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

of  the  lower  jaw,  (>mphasized  by  Regan  in  his  key,  being  identical.  Tliis  character, 
howevei-,  seems  to  have  no  specific  vakie.  Shght  differences  appear  in  tlK>  number 
of  fin-rays:  the  Japanese  specimens  having  twenty-three  to  twenty-five  dorsal 
rays  (sixteen  to  nineteen  branched),  and  fifteen  to  seventeen  anal  rays  (eleven  or 
twelve  branched) ;  while  the  Hawaiian  re{)resentatives  have  twenty-five  to  twenty- 
seven  doisal  rays  (twenty  to  twcnity-one  branched),  and  fifteen  to  seventeen  anal 
rays  (eleven  to  thirteen  bi-anched).  A  greater  difference  seems  to  exist  in  the 
number  of  vertebrae,  sixty-foui-  in  one  from  Jajjan,  sixty-eight  in  each  from  Hawaii. 
The  Japanese  specim(>ns  furthermore  have  the  head  slightly  shorter,  the  eye 
smaller  aiul  the  interorbital  a  little  broader  than  in  those  from  Hawaii.  As  Regan 
describes  like  differences  in  his  accounts  of  the  two  species,  we  return  to  his  view 
that  the  EIops  of  Japan  and  neighboring  regions  is  referable  to  the  East  Indian 
E.  machnatu,  rather  than  to  the  Ha\\aiian  species.  A  comparison  of  larger  series, 
however,  is  still  to  lie  desired. 

Family  DOROSOMID.E. 
Genus  Clupanodon  Lacepede. 

In  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  International  Commission  the  name 
Clupanodon  Lacepede  is  restricted  to  Chi  pea  thrissa  Osbeck,  thus  replacing 
Koriosirus. 

53.    [103]    Clupanodon  punctatus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).     Konoshiro,  name  of 
a  dungeon-castle,  in  allusion  to  the  black  cross-streaks. 

Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Mikawa  Bay  (AI.  Ishikawa) ;  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya) ; 
Fukui  (K.  Nonaka);  Miyazu,  Tokyo,  and  Kyoto  markets  (Jordan).  (('.  M.  Cat. 
Fishes,  No.  7780,  a-b.) 

This  species  is  very  common  along  shore,  and  is  to  be  found  in  every  market. 
It  is  subject  to  some  variation  in  coloration;  the  lines  of  black  spots  and  the  black 
scapular  blotch,  although  usually  very  distinct,  being  sometimes  faint  or  obsolete. 

Family  DU8SUMIERIID.E. 

54.   [105]  Etrumeus  micropus  (Temminck  and  Bchlegel). 
Urutne-iirdslti  =  Market  .Sardine. 
Misaki   (Aoki);  Tokyo  market    (Jordan).     Tolxi    (Jordan  and  Yamamoto); 
0.saka,  Kobe,  Choshi. 

This  species  is  inortlinately  abundant  along  the  whole  coast  of  eastern  Japan, 
the  commonest  of  the  various  fishes  known  as  "iwashi"  (sardine).  It  is  dried  by 
the  ton. 


JORDAN   AND  HIIBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  (XILLECTED   l'.)22.  121 

55.   [106]  Spratelloides  japonicus  (Ilouttuyn).     Kihiina-iirdshi. 

Tatoku  Island,  off  Toba  (K.  Mikimoto). 

This  little  herring,  known  by  its  l)rilliantly  silvery  lateral  stripe,  swarms  off 
the  coast  of  Kyusyu. 

It  does  not  seem  necessary,  for  reasons  given  elsewhei'e,  to  regard  AtJicrina 
jdpoin'at  Ilouttuyn  as  the  tyjie  of  tlie  genus  Stalcphorus  Lacepede. 

Family  CLUPEID.E. 

56.   |1(»7]  Sardinia  melanosticta  (Tennninck  and  Schlegel). 
///'a.s7(/  =  Sai'dine;  M(t-iini^lii  =  Tnu'  Sardine. 

Misaki  (Aoki);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Isliikawa);  Nagoya  and  Tokyo  mai-kets 
(.lordan);  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Kushii'o  (Tanaka);  Takashiina, 
western  Hokkaido  (Takayasu). 

This  species  is  a  true  sardine,  or  Sanlinia,  much  hke  Sardlnid  pilrlinrdus  of 
Europe. 

57.   f  109 1  Ilisha  elongata  (Bennett).     //m/  =  Broad. 

Osaka  market  (Jordan);  Fukuoka  (Hamada). 

The  little  fisli  fi'om  Korea,  known  as  ZiiiKisid  chificnsifi  (Basilewsky),  seems 
to  be  the  young  of  this  species. 

58.   1 110]  Clupea  pallasii  Cuvier  and  Vak'iiciennes.    Nialun. 

Kushiro  (Tanaka).    Hakodate. 

The  Pacific  Herring  is  excessively  common  along  the  shores  of  the  Hokkaido, 
forming  the  object  of  large  fisheries. 

59.   [Ill]  Harengula  zunasi  (Bleeker).     Znntixhi. 
Tokyo  and  Shizuoka  mai-kets  (Jordan);  Kagosliima  Bay  (Wakiya);  Mikawa 
Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Fukuoka  (Hamada);  Fukui  (Xonaka);  Misaki  (Aoki). 
Genei'ally  abundant  soutliward. 

Family  ENGRAULID.E. 

60.   [112]  Engraulis  japonicus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).    A''(/(;/,//(A/  =  Wide-moutli. 

Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Tokyo  market  (Jordan) ;  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ; 

Tatoku   Island    (K.    Mikimoto);   Fukui    (Nonaka).      S])ecimens   from   Soo-chow, 

China  have  also  l)een  examined  l)v  us,  tlie  first  to  be  recorded  from  that  country. 


122  MIOMOIUS  OF  THE  ('ARNE(!IE  MUSEUM. 

61.   I113A1  Coilia  ectenes  Jordan  ;iii(l  Scale.     Etsu=.]o\\Y. 


An  adult  specimen  tVoni  near  Fukuoka  on  the  west  coast  of  Kyusyu  seems  to 
l)e  i-eferahle  to  this  Chinese  species,  rather  than  to  Coilid  ikisus*  of  the  eastern 
shores  of  Japan.  From  the  same  locality  we  have  receiv(>d  the  Chinese  A';7>rr( 
alhijlora  replacing!;  the  Japanese  A^.  imtsukurii.  This  general  region  no  doubt  eon- 
tains  a  considerable   intrusion  from  the  Chinese  fauna. 

Pectoral  filaments,  G;  dorsal  I'ays,  1-3-10;  anal  rays,  95;  transverse  scale- 
rows,  about  80;  scale-rows  b(>fore  dorsal,  about  18.  Eye  and  snout  together  a 
little  less  than  half  the  postoi'bital  length  of  the  head. 

We  have  also  examined  a  paratype  of  the  species  from  Shanghai,  several  from 
Soo-chow,  and  a  seiies  fi'om  Port  Arthur.  We  count  the  anal  rays  as  95  to  108, 
Jordan  and  llei-|-e  counted  100  to  113,  while  Joi-daii  and  Scale  gave  123  for  the 
type. 

Family  SALMOXID.E 

By  David  Starr  Jordan  and  Ernest  Alexander  McGregor. 
Genus  Oncorhynchus  Suckley. 

In  the  north  of  Japan,  especially  around  the  island  of  Hokkaido,  the  Pacific 
.salmon  occur  in  great  abundance,  entering  the  rivers  fiom  the  sea  to  sjjawn,  their 
habits  being  identical  with  those  of  the  species  on  the  Amei'ican  coast  from  Alaska 
to  California.  So  far  as  known,  the  species  of  Northern  Japan  are  identical  with 
those  of  the  Northern  and  Eastern  Pacific. 

In  Southern  Japan,  where  the  sea-water  is  much  warmer,  the  salmon  and 
chan-  do  not  apj^ear  to  enter  the  sea,  the  several  species  being  land-locked  in 
mountain-lakes  or  confined  to  mountain-streams.  As  this  condition  has  existed 
un(loul)tctlly  for  a  long  time,  certain  forms  have  come  to  be  distinguishable  from 
their  ])resumablc  ancestry  as  recognizable  species.  These  foi'ms  are  more  or  less 
dwarfed  and  the  matui'ing  ages  of  individuals,  as  revealed  through  study  of  the 
scales,  are  always  greater  than  those  of  their  jwrent  species  of  similar  size.  The 
younger  individuals  exhibit  in  the  brooks  the  habits  of  trout  and  are  known  by 
the  Ja]ianese  as  Ydinirinc,  the  adults  as  Masu.     It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  these 

*Xote;  AccDi-diiiR  to  Uendalil  the  Japiuicso  species,  Coilid  iinsus  Teiiuniiick  i^-  Selilegel,  is  not 
separable  from   Coilia  ditpeoidc-s  Lacei)e(Je  of  the  Chinese  coasts. 

According  to  Dr.  Einar  licinnbers  (Svensk.  Akad.  \'id.  XXII),  who  has  cxaiiiincd  the 
Linnaean  types,  the  original  Clupca  mystus  L.  (which  liccanie  Mydus  duinoidcs  of  Laci-i)cde),  is  the 
Chinese  species,  Coilia  graiji  Richardson. 

The  common  .lapanese  and  Chinese  species  retains  the  name  Coilia  naxiis  (Schickel).  Coilia 
clupeoiilci^  Giinth(>r  (not  Lacepcilc)  is  i)rolial>ly  tiie  same.  Tiu'  name  Coilia  rliiproides  shonUl  u;ive  ]ilace 
to  Coilia  myatus.     1).  S.  .Iord.^n. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  123 

laiul-looked  forms  have  undergone  certain  modifications  in  their  anatomical 
characters  analogous  to  those  of  the  true  trout  of  the  subgenus  Trutta.  The 
increased  number  of  vertebrae  (63  to  70)  is  retained,  however.  None  of  the  trout 
have  more  than  si.xty-two,  so  far  as  known.  A  final  test  is  seen  in  the  development 
of  the  hooked  nose  in  the  ripe  males  (at  least  in  the  case  of  0.  adonis  and  0.  rhodurus), 
and  in  the  production  of  but  one  generation  of  ova  and  spermatozoa.  The  latter 
characteristic  obviously  implies  the  death  of  the  individuals  after  once  spawning, 
as  in  the  marine  species  of  Oncorhynchus.  This  condition  has  not  been  demon- 
strated in  Oncorhynchus  ishikawce  nor  in  0.  macrostomus,  the  southernmost  form 
of  Japan,  both  probably  derivatives  of  Oncorhynchus  Kisutch. 

Key  to  the  Species  of  Oxcorhynxhus. 
Subgenus  Hypsii  ario. 

a.  Gill-rakers  comparatively  long  and  numerous,  30  to  40  in  number;  scales  relatively  large,  120  to  133, 
of  which  the  structural  characters  are  as  follows:   circuli  typically  terminating  abruptly  in  reticu- 
lations, which  form  a  zone  usually  extending  broadly  along  radial  border  of  exposed  area  to  near 
margin  of  scale;  exposed  surface  comparatively  free  of  concentric  or  other  markings. 
h.  Marine  form.     Vertebra'  G4;  pyloric  cceca  7.5-95;  branchiostegals  13-15;  anal  rays  14-16; 
gill-rakers  about  37;  scales  about    130;  vertebrae  64.     Color  bright  clear  blue  above, 
silvery  below;  lower  fins  pale;  upper  fins  dusky;  young  with  obscure  round  black  spots 
above,  which  fade  with  age,  often  distinct  on  caudal  fin;  spawning  males  lilood-red,  the 

shading  irregular nerka. 

W).   Dwarf  land-locked  forms;  vertebra-  66  to  69;  jivloric  cceca  51   to  (i9;  anal  rays   13  or  14; 
branchiostegals  12;  gill-rakers  about  32. 

c.  Form  lanceolate,  symmetrical  dorsal  fin  set  posteriorly;  caudal  peduncle  slender,  3  in 
head;  scales  134;  niaxiUary  1.66  in  head.  Color  silvery;  male  with  a  narrow  l)right 
red  stripe  along  side;  no  black  or  red  sjiots;  dorsal  and  pectoral  fins  jxile,  sharjily 

and  narrowly  edged  with  l)lack (kIoiiIs. 

cc.   Moderately  elongate;  dorsal  relatively  anterior;  gill-rakers  39  to  41 ;  pyloric  cceca  51 
to  59.     Sooty  blackish,  no  sti-i]ies  or  spots  on  adult  males,   no  red  on  sides. 

kawnmura-. 
Subgenus  Oncorhynchus. 

(Id.  Gill-rakers  comparatively  short  and  few,  19  to  30  in  number;  scales  often  smaller,  130  to  215,  the 
circuli  not  terminating  abruptly  in  the  reticulations,  when  present. 
(/.  Scales  very  small,  1S5  to  215,  circuli  continuing  through  the  reticulated  zone;  nuclear  rings 
coarse;  rarely  with  more  than  one  annulus;  branchiostegals  11  to  12;  gill-rakers  20  to  30; 
pyloric  cceca  ISO  to  217.  Color  bluish  silvery  below;  hind  part  of  back  and  adipose  fin 
with  many  black  spots;  caudal  fin  with  conspicuous  black,  more  or  less  oblong,  spots; 
males  blotched   with  red;  becoming  excessively  distorted,  the  shoulder  conspicuously 

humped  at  maturity;  size  small;  flesh  pale,  with  little  flavor gorbuscha. 

(Id.  Scales  medium,  about  130  to  145. 

e.  Anal  rays  13  to  15;  branchiostegals  13  or  14;  gill-rakers  20  to  25;  pyloric 
ea'ca  111  to  1.50;  circuli  of  scales  typically  traceable  part  way 
through  the  reticulated  zone,  which  is  narrow  and  rarely  extends 
bej'ond  second  year's  growth;  radiating  scallopings  commonly  on 
exposed  area;  scale  often  broadest  on  transverse  axis;  nuclear  circuli 


124  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

coarse;  mature  scale  with  two  or  three  aniiuli.  Coh)r  dull  silvery; 
black  spots  small  or  obsolete;  fins  dusky;  the  adult  male  blotched  or 
liarrcd  with  darker,  often  l)rick-red;  flesh  pale  and  rather  soft.  .kela. 
ee.  Anal  rays  14  to  17;  branchiostegals  13  to  18;  gill-rakers  22  to  29;  pyloric 
coeca  90  to  214;  vertebra;  62  to  68;  circuli  of  scales  typically  not 
continuing  on  exposed  area  (certain  races  may  have  a  very  few 
circuli  present  on  exposed  area) ;  annuli  often  traceable  on  exposed 
surface.  Back  and  upper  fins  with  many  small  roundi.sh  black 
spots;  silvery  becoming  dusky  at  spawning  time;  largest  in  size  of 

the  salmon;  usually  with  red  flesh -.tschawyischa. 

(1(1(1.  Scales  rather  large,  120  to  139;  circuli  not  breaking  up  into  reticulations  at 
border  of  exposed  surface,  and  at  least  seven  or  eight  (usualh'  many)  of 
them  continuing  around  on  exposed  area,  even  in  older  individuals;  outline 
of  scale  typically  longest  on  antero-posterior  axis;  pyloric  ca'ca  relatively 
few,  50  to  SI;  gill-rakers  19  to  25;  anal  rays  13  to  15;  branchiostegals  12 
to  15. 

/.   Marine  forms. 

g.  Color  silvery  with  few  or  no  dark  spots  above;  no  red 
spots;  parr  marks  not  persistent;  breeding  males  dull 
red;  no  red  on  caudal  fin;  dorsal  fin  more  or  less  dusky 
above;  caudal  deeply  forked,  the  lobes  acute;  length 

often  twenty-five  inches  or  more kisutch. 

ff.   River  ami  lake-forms. 

h.  More  or  less  dwarfish;  color  various;  the  caudal  in 
life  more  or  less  edged  above  and  below  with  red. 
i.  Scales  with  few  (some  to  ten)  circuli  con- 
tinuous around  the  exposed  area;  sides 
with  more  or  less  persistent  round  dark 
parr  marks;  black  spots  on  sides  often 
intermingled  with  crimson  spots;  sides 
below  lateral  line  variously  spotted;  one 
to  usually  fifteen  larger  spots  in  a  .series 
along  side;  dorsal  and  caudal  with  few  or 
no  spots. 

j.  Dorsal  fin  above  jet-black,  this  color 
rarely  fading  in  spirits,  a  pale  area 
below  and  one  behind  the  black; 
adipose  fin  mostly  i)ale;  caudal  fin 
deeply  forked,  lobes  acute,  its  edge 
dusky;  anal  rays  12  or  13  (rarely 
11);  gill-rakers  18  to  20  (rarely  21) ; 
pyloric  cceca  40  to  60;  scales  125  to 
135,  approximately  the  type  of 
those  of  the  Silver  Salmon,  0. 
kisutch ;  circuli  invading  the  exposed 
area,  revealing  much  greater  age 
than  in  equal-sized  scales  of  0. 
ki.-<iitch;  no  spawning  marks. 

ishikav'CB. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  125 

jj.  Dorsal  fin  without  hhu'k  above,  more 
or  less  abruptly  jiale  at   tip,   im- 
maculate,   or    with    a    few    small 
round  inky  spots  along  basal  line, 
usually  four  in  number  (often  six 
or  eight,  or  only  two,  or  wanting); 
no  black  spot  below  first  ray:  tips 
of  anal  and  ventrals  creamy  white; 
anal  relatively  low  and  small;  adi- 
pose fin  dark-edged,  but    without 
distinct  spots,  blacker  in  front  at 
base;  sides  of  body  more  or  less 
spotted,    usually    with    a    row    of 
rather   large   spots    along    side    of 
belly,     often     duplicated;     caudal 
lunate,    with   bluntish   lobes;   anal 
rays  12  or  13;  branchiostegals,   11 
■     to  14;  scales  120  to  140,  structurally 
resembling    those    of    the    Silver 
Salmon,  0.  kisutch,  but  of  greater 
age  than  the  scales  of  equal  size  in 
0.   kisutch.     Dwarfish,   not   migra- 
tory, so  far  as  known.  .  marrnstomus. 
ii.  Scales  with  many  (21  to  31)  continuous  circuli 
on  the  exposed  area;  dorsal  fin  not  Ijlack 
above,  with  inky  spots  at  base,  those  on 
the  fin  rather  numerous,  mostly  oblong, 
narrow,  and  set  obliquely;  a  dark  spot  at 
base    of    first    ray:    caudal    with    no,    or 
numerous  spots,  which  are  elliptical  and 
parallel    with   the   rays;    the   upper   and 
especially  the  lower  ray  of  caudal  bright 
red  in  life;  back  and  sides  with  numerous 
round  or  oblong  spots,  no  red  spots;  tips 
of  dorsal,  ventrals,  and  anal  pale:  adipose 
fin  with  a  dark  spot.    Spawning  male  with 
the  head  l)lack,  the  jaws  much  distorted, 
and  the  maxillary  very  long.     Anal  rays 
12  or  13;  branchiostegals  12  or  13;  verte- 
bra' 03  (rarely  64);  scales  127  to  133.  ap- 
proaching the  type  of  those  of  the  Silver 
Salmon,    0.   kisulch,    but    with   traces   of 
reticulations  (in  a  four-year  old  specimen, 
twenty  inches  long) ;  gill-rakers  very  short, 
18   to   20;    pyloric   cceca   42   to   57:   size 
relativelv  large rhofhiriis. 


12()  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Subgenus  Hypsifario  Gill. 

62.   [lis]  Oncorhynchus  nerka  (Walljaum). 

Beni-masu  =  Red  Salmon. 

The  Red  Salmon  of  the  North  Pacific  (Sock-eye,  Blue-back,  Krasnaya  Eyb(i) 
is  not  yet  definitely  known  fioni  Ja])an  by  typical  examples,  although  abundant  in 
the  Command(M-  Islands  and  apparently  in  Kamchatka.  It  only  enters  rivers 
having  lakes  at  the  head-waters,  spawning  in  the  streams  above  the  lake,  and 
sjiending  from  one  to  {\\n\^  years  in  the  lake.  In  certain  lakes  of  Japan,  however, 
Lake  Akan  in  Kushiro,  Lake  Tozama  in  Ugo,  and  Lake  Hakone  in  Sagami, 
specialized  derivatives  of  this  species  occur,  two  of  which  may  be  regarded  as 
distinct  species. 

Oncorliynchus  nerkn  is  subject  to  considerable  variation,  the  races  of  the 
different  rivers  of  the  Xf)rth  possessing  distinctive  marks  recognizable  by  experts, 
though  not  available  for  specific  distinction.  In  general  the  gill-rakers  vary  in 
number  from  30  to  40;  the  pyloric  coeca  from  75  to  95;  the  branchiostegals  from 
13  to  15;  the  anal  rays  from  1-4  to  10.    The  scales  are  about  130. 

The  structure  of  the  individual  scale  of  each  species  of  salmon  apjiears  to  be 
sufficiently  characteristic  to  make  it  worth  while  to  incorporate  a  description  of 
each  into  the  specific  diagnosis. 

Scale  of  typical  0.  ncrka:  Circuli  nearly  always  terminating  abruptly  in  re- 
ticulations along  the  i-adial  l^order  of  exposed  surface,  which  forms  a  zone  usually 
extending  broadly  to  or  near  to  margin  of  scale.  Typically  only  three  to  five 
unliroken  circuli  invade  the  exposed  area.  Rudiments  of  annuli  are  at  times 
traceable  around  exposed  area,  liut  more  often  the  latter  presents  a  blank  record. 

The  dwarfed  land-locked  form  in  certain  lakes  of  the  State  of  Washington, 
known  as  subspecies  "kennerlyi."  differ  from  the  ordinary  0.  nerka  in  their  small 
size  (rarely  over  a  foot  in  length),  the  body  perhaps  more  compressed  and  the 
black  spots  on  the  back  usually  more  distinct,  extending  upon  the  upper  rays  of 
the  caudal  and  continuing  over  the  whole  caudal  fin.  The  "kennerlyi'"  or  dwarf 
form  is  probably  ontogenetic,  not  to  be  noted  in  taxonomy,  although,  according  to  Dr. 
Gilbert,  individuals  artificially  confined,  become  mature  and  spawn  when  very  small. 

Two  examples  from  Lake  Akan  in  Kushiro,  noted  by  Jordan  and  Snyder  (See 
Proc.  IT.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIV,  1902  (1904)  p.  576)  and  preserved  in  the  Stanford 
Museum,  have  anal  rays  15;  branchiostegals  14;  gill-rakers  19-|-22  =  41;  scales  130. 
Golor  pale,  with  few.  dark  spots  sparsely  set  on  back,  base  of  dorsal  and  upper 
rays  of  caudal  (entirel.y  wanting  in  one  specimen),  pectorals,  and  ventrals  very 
dark  above,  paler  on  lower  side. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1!)22.  127 

A  spcciiiicn,  Xo.  1928,  from  Kusliiro  (Tanaka),  more  resembles  tlie  type  of 
0.  (idonif^,  differing  in  the  mucli  more  (liffiis(>  dark  edging  of  the  peetoi-al  fins,  the 
miu'ii  larger  number  of  jnioric  coeca,  slightly  more  numerous  gill-rakei's,  and  it 
also  shows  the  following  characters:  length  11.31  inches;  anal  rays  17;  hranchio- 
stegals  12  to  13;  gill-rakers  14+20  =  34;  pyloric  cfeca  1)1;  vertebrae  f)()  +  r)  =  6r)  +  u; 
scales  133,  which  structurally  show  three  circuli  invading  the  exposed  area;  reticu- 
lations present;  annuli  three  (just  completed  third  year).  Body  ratliei-  deep, 
compressed,  the  back  elevated.  Color  rather  dai'k,  sides  silvery,  with  no  trac-e  of 
red  stripe;  small  black  spots  along  the  back  and  on  the  uppei-  i-ays  of  caudal. 
Dorsal  lighter  toward  base  and  tip,  four  oi-  five  distinct  blai'k  spots  at  base.  Pectoral 
with  a  l)road  dusky  margin.  Adi])ose  fin  pale,  with  a  daik  sjiot;  caudal  pale,  with 
a  few  sj^ots  on  up]x>r  rays.  Peritoneum  pale  slaty-gray,  with  dai-ker  rib-stiii)es, 
but  no  stippling.  This  specimen  must  be  refei-red  to  O.  nerkit,  having  a  like  numl)er 
of  jndoric  cceca.     It  may  not  be  land-locked. 

63.    [118A]    Oncorhynchus  adonis  Joidan  and  McGregoi-,  s]).  nov. 
(Plate  V,  fig.  2;  Plate  VIII,  fig.  4,  scale.) 

Of  this  species  but  two  (>xamples  were  taken,  a  ripening  male,  12. •)4  inches 
long,  Collector's  Xo.  2190  (type),  Car.  Mus.  Cat.  of  Fishes,  Xo.  77S4,  collected  l)y 
Doctor  Jordan  in  Lake  Hakone  in  Sagami  in  late  ()ctol)er.  and  a  ripe  male  S  inches 
long  (I.  W.  Xo.  107)  taken  by  Mr.  T.  Ota  in  Lake  Kizaki  at  the  head  of  the  Hime 
River  near  Xagano  in  Shinshu. 

Form  of  bod>'  gracefully  elliptical,  slender  in  head  and  tail  and  more  evenly 
symmetrical  than  in  other  salmon,  thus  conti'asting  strongly  with  the  chunky 
0.  rhodurus  of  the  same  waters.  Dorsal  fin  set  posteriorly.  Head  fully  four  times 
in  length  to  base  of  caudal;  dei)th  of  body  about  foui'  times  in  length;  caudal 
peduncle  three  in  head;  eye  .six  in  head:  snout  3.33  in  head;  maxillary  1.8;  pectoral 
1.2  in  head;  l)ranchiostegals  12-12  to  11-13;  anal  rays  13;  dorsal  rays  10;  gill- 
rakers  13  or  14,  plus  IS  or  19  =  31  or  33;  pyloric  cceca  07  to  09;  vomerine  teeth 
small,  about  five  in  a  long  and  narrow  seiies;  two  rows,  each  of  four  or  five  teeth, 
on  tongue,  which  is  wide  and  slaty;  peritf)neum  whitish,  unspotted;  vei'tebra^ 
61-|-5  =  66  +  U.=''  Scales  131  to  134,  structurally  somewhat  intcMuiediate  between 
those  of  the  Sock-eye  and  Silver  Salmon.  About  fi\'e  circuli  invade  the  ex])osed 
area,  where  they  are  much  more  widely  spaced  than  on  the  concealed  area,  making 

""  Tliis  formula  for  presenting  the  vertebral  count  will  be  followed  in  this  treatment  of  the  Salmonids 
and  is  exidainalile  as  follows:  The  larger  (first)  number  refers  to  those  vertebra'  not  involved  in  the 
caudal  support;  the  smaller  (second)  number  represents  the  numlicr  of  vertebra'  from  which  arise  the 
widened  caudal,  neural,  and  ha'mal  plates;  "U"  stands  for  the  urostyle. 


128  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

tlie  focus  excentric;  three  annuli  present  in  the  fourth  year,  a  veiy  hmited  amount 
of  reticulation  exhibited;  scales  of  lateral  line  conspicuously  acute:  circuli  of 
nucleus  widening  toward  focus  (possibly  a  five-year  old  fish,  if  it  is  a  two-year 
nucleus) . 

The  type  (Coll.  No.  219U,  ("ar.  AIus.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7784)  caught  in  October, 
1922,  is  beginning  to  appear  hook-nosed.  It  was  in  life  everywhere  silv(M-y;  the 
head  light  yellowish-green;  a  conspicuous  straight  narrow  band  of  bright  light 
crimson  along  sides;  back  greenish,  with  many  small  round  black  spots;  base  of 
dorsal  with  four  or  five  spots;  caudal  much  spotted,  some  of  the  spots  oblong;  anal 
with  faint  spots;  sides  unspotted;  fins  all  a))ru]itly  and  narrowly  edged  with  jet- 
black,  as  though  the  color  had  been  inked  on;  this  marking  especially  distinct  on 
the  pale  pectorals;  no  red  spots;  no  red  on  fins;  no  black  nor  pale  tip  to  anal  or 
dorsal;  a  few  small  spots  on  bases  of  dorsal  and  caudal.  In  spirits  the  characteristic 
red  stripe  disa])i)ears.  leaving  a  white  space. 

An  example,  taken  l)y  T.  Ota  from  Lake  Kizaki  in  Shinshu  (I.  ^^'.  No.  407), 
belongs  also  to  the  grouj)  of  allies  or  derivatives  of  H.  nerka  and  probably  to  H. 
adonis.  Its  anatomical  characteristics  have  been  incorporated  with  those  of 
No.  2190  in  the  foregoing  analysis.  Length  eight  inches.  Bodj'  symmetrical,  as 
in  tlie  type  of  H.  adonis.  Back  with  small  dark  spots,  extending  on  upper  rays  of 
caudal.  No  red  markings  (in  spirits).  Fins  dusky,  not  evidently  edged  with  darker. 
The  example  is  a  ripe  male,  although  dwarfish. 

64.    [118B|   Oncorhynchus  kawamurae  Jordan  and  McGregor,  sp.  nov. 
Kunimasu  =  IjOca\  Salmon.    (Plate  V,  fig.  3;  Plate  VIII,  fig.  5,  scale.) 

This  species,  another  land-locked  derivative  of  0.  nerka  is  based  on  three 
examples.  No.  1836  (type  C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7785),  No.  455,  and  No.  466,  all 
ripe  males  from  Lake  Toyama  in  the  mountainous  w^estern  pai't  of  Ugo  in  the 
noithwestern  part  of  Hondo,  presented  by  Professor  Tamiji  Kawamura.  It  is 
reputed  to  live  at  a  considerable  depth,  coming  to  shallow  water  to  spawn. 
The  specimen.  Collector's  No.  466,  shows  the  following  characteristics:  length  12 
inches:  head  4  times  in  length;  depth  barely  over  4  in  length;  eye  7.5  in  head; 
snout  2.9;  maxillary  1.7;  pectoral  1.33.  Anal  rays  14;  dorsal  rays  11;  branchio- 
stegals  12-12;  gill-rakers  174-24  =  41 ;  pyloric  coeca  51;  vomerine  teeth  4  to  10  in  a 
zigzag  series;  scales  to  end  of  vertebrae  126.  stmcturally  showing  four  or  five 
circuli  invading  exposed  area,  badly  absorbed,  but  at  least  in  fourth  year.  Color 
dark  blue,  not  silvery,  almost  black;  no  dark  spots  on  body  or  fins;  fins  dark, 
tipped  obscurely  with  black  and  black-edged. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  120 

The  paratype,  Collector's  No.  455,  and  the  type,  Xo.  1836,  are  entirely 
similar,  except  that  in  the  former  the  branchiostegals  are  11-12:  the  scales  130; 
gill-rakers  15  +  24  =  39.  In  the  type  specimen  the  branchiostegals  are  12-11;  the 
scales  134;  gill-rakers  17  +  23  =  40;  and  pyloric  coeca  59.  Of  the  two  specimens 
(Coll.  Nos.  455  and  1836)  the  former  had  the  .scales  deeply  iml)edded,  which 
prevented  their  study;  but  the  latter  clearly  was  in  its  fifth  year  with  a  two-year 
nucleus.    All  the  specimens  are  ripe  males,  but  not  hook-nosed. 

This  form  differs  from  the  land-locked  variants  of  OncdrJiijnchus  nerka  chiefly 
in  the  dark  color,  the  lack  of  spots,  the  smaller  number  of  l)rancliiostegals,  and 
especially  of  jiyloric  cceca,  as  well  as  in  the  scale-structure,  which  sliows  ahnost  no 
reticulation. 

Subgenus  Oncorhijnch us. 

65.  [123]  Oncorhynchus  gorbuscha  (Walbaum).   Karafuto-mdsu  =  '^agha.lin  Salmon; 

Koon-masu.    (Plate  VHI,  fig.  3,  scale.) 

This  species  occurs  in  the  northern  Hokkaido,  where  it  is  commonly  salted 
with  the  Sake,  0.  kda.  We  have  one  specimen  from  the  Hokkaido,  found  in  the 
market  of  Shizuoka. 

It  may  be  known  by  its  very  small  scales  (usually  al)()ut  200);  its  small  size; 
and  especially  bj^  the  large,  mo.stly  oblong,  spots,  which  mark  the  caudal  fin.  The 
ripe  male  is  characterized  by  a  conspicuous  hump  above  the  shouldeis  so  that  the 
depth  of  the  body  frequently  exceeds  one-fourth  its  total  len^;th.  The  scale- 
structure  .shows  circuli  breaking  up  into  reticulations  along  the  radial  lioi-der  of 
the  exposed  surface,  and  visibly  continuing  through  the  reticulations:  nuclear 
circuli  coarse;  rai-ely  with  over  one  annulus. 

Our  example  (Collector's  No.  2184)  is  a  matui-e  male.  Length:  18.125  inches. 
Color:  slaty-blue  above  lateral  line,  not  darker  on  l^ack;  doisal  fin  dusky  esiiecially 
at  apex:  adipo.se  fin  lai-ge,  ]xile:  no  spots,  except  tho.se  on  caudal,  which  are  large 
and  elongate;  sides  below  lateral  line  and  belly  pale;  pectorals  and  ventrals  dusky 
above,  the  former  with  a  wide  distal  darkish  border;  anal  fin  with  a  similar  bordei-. 
Anal  rays  14;  gill-rakers  14+  18  =  32;  branchiostegals  11-12;  pyloric  coeca  (missing) ; 
scales  185,  structurally  re.sembhng  the  scales  of  the  typical  Humi^lwck,  O.  (jor- 
buscha,  except  that  the  second  annulus  is  present  at  the  maigin  (much  absorbed, 
hence  at  least  in  its  second  year). 

66.   [124]  Oncorhynchus  keta  (Walbaum).    S(tl:r. 
(Plate  VIII,  fig.  11,  scale). 
Sabno  keta  vel  kaijko  Walbaum,  Artedi,  Pi.scium,  1792,  72.  Rivers  of  Kamcliatka. 
After  theA'e/a  ov  Kayko  of  Pennant  and  Kra.scheninnikow. 


130  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Oitcorliijiivlntx  l-cin  Jordan  and  Snydeh,  Pi'oc.  U.  S.  X.  AI.,  XXIV,  1902,  p.  572. 

(With  detailed  synonymy.) 
SdhiKi  niasou  Brevoort,  E.xp.  Japan,  1856,  pi.  IX,  fig.  2,  (name  on  a  very  bad 

drawing,  changed  in  the  text  to  Salmo  orienlaliH  Pallas,  p.  275:   Hakodate. 
'?  OnairlujtirJiiis  niiisott  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIV,  p.  571. 

(Speeimen  tVom  Aomori;  .scales   19U;  A.   15;  B.   13;  gill-rakers  12+17  =  29. 

Coloi-:    l)lackisli,  unspotted.) 
Oiirorlnpirhus  luiheri   HiLCiENDORF,  Monatsb(>r.  Ges.  Ost-Asien,  XI,   1876,  p.  25. 

A.  16  to  18;  B.  13-15;  .scales  136  to  150.    Hokkaido,  common  in  niai'kets. 
?  Onairhi/nrliKs  yes^oensis  Hiloendorf,  Monatsber.  Ges.  Ost-Asien,  XI,  1876,  p.  25, 

Hokkaido.  A.  16  or  17:  B.  13  -14; scales  133  to  137;coeca  132  to  161 ;  vertel)ra?  68. 

This  is  the  common  large  salmon  of  Japan,  everywhere  known  as  "Sake"  or 
"Shake,"  exceedingly  abundant  in  the  Hokkaido,  extending  its  range  southwai'd 
as  far  as  the  Tone  River,  noi'th  of  Tokyo.  From  Aomori,  Hakodate,  and  other 
ports  gi'cat  numliers  are  shipped  in  salt  to  every  part  of  the  Empire.  The  flesh  is 
pale  antl  ratlier  soft,  but  ^^alatable  when  freshly  caught,  and  as  a  salted  fish  much 
a])preciated. 

Tliis  species  we  have  liitherto  identified  with  the  common  Dog-salmon, 
Calico-salmon,  or  Chum  of  Bering  Sea  and  the  Ameiican  Coast,  Oncorhynchus  keta 
(Walbaum).  Tins  identification  is  ])rolml)Iy  correct,  as  renewed  comparison 
discloses  no  difference. 

The  young  fish  is  plain  whitish,  more  or  less  dusted  with  dark  points,  but 
without  black  spots,  ^^'itll  age  the  body  becomes  blotched  or  barred  with  dusky 
and  dull  red.  Tlie  dorsal  and  pectoral  fins  are  more  or  less  blackish;  the  caudal 
edged  witli  dusky.  Vomer  without  teeth  in  the  adult.  The  usual  weight  is  from 
six  to  eight  jxmnds. 

The  young  female  fish,  desciibed  and  figured  by  Joixlan  and  Snyder  as 
"Oncorliijrichus  masou"  from  Aomori,  probably  belongs  to  this  species,  but  190 
scales  were  counted,  the  gill-rakers  were  12+17  =  29,  l)ranc]uostegals  13,  anal 
rays  15.  Tlie  fisli  in  question  ^\■as  dusky,  without  spots.  The  old  male  figured 
l:)y  the  same  authoi'S  from  Hakodate,  must  be  the  same  species:  scales  160,  anal 
rays  14,  branchiostegals  15+15.  In  these  salted  fishes  the  pyloric  ca?ca,  and 
usually  the  gills,  have  been  removed. 

It  is  possible  that  these  two  individuals  represent  a  species  distinct  from  0. 
krtd,  darker  in  color  and  with  smaHer  scales.  If  so,  figures  20  and  22  in  Jordan, 
Tanaka,  and  Snyder  should  belong  to  it.  As  in  0.  kcta,  the  body  and  fins  are 
unspotted. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  131 

In  the  present  collection  is  a  single  specimen  (Collector's  Xo.  452)  a  ripe 
female  19.5  inches  long,  from  Sapporo,  Hokkaido:  anal  rays  14;  hraiichiostegals 
13-14;  gill-rakers  11  +  14  =  25;  jiyloric  cceca  170;  scales  138,  structurally  agreeing 
with  the  Dog-salmon,  A-da-type;  one  or  two  circuli  continuous  around  exjiosed 
an>a,  transverse  axis  widest,  at  end  of  its  tliird  year. 

67.   [121]  Oncorhynchus  tschawytscha  (Walbaum). 
Masunosuke  =  Lord  of  the  Salmon. 

In  Japan  the  great  King  Salmon  is  said  to  occur  only  in  the  extreme  noitli  of 
the  Hokkaido.  A  mounted  example,  probably  fiom  the  ('oluml)ia  River  is  in  the 
Yamada  Museum.    This  is  not  represented  in  the  present  collertiim. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  studies  in  Cahfornia  l^y  the  junior  author  (working 
under  the  Cahfornia  Fish  and  Game  Commission)  have  brought  to  liglit  the  occur- 
rence of  several  remarkably  well  differentiated  races  of  King  Salmon,  it  will  not 
surprise  us  at  a  subsequent  date  to  learn  of  the  existence  in  the  Hokkaitlo,  or 
regions  to  the  north,  of  well-marked  Japanese  or  Siberian  (lerivatives  of  this  species. 

68.     [122]     Oncorhynchus  kisutch  (Walbaum).     G'//;//H(.'i«  =  Silver  Salmon. 

This  common  species  of  Alaska  and  the  Pacific  Coast  of  the  United  States 
is  not  yet  definitely  known  from  the  main  island  of  Japan.  The  land-locked  or 
river-form,  here  called  Oncorhynchus  ishikairce,  has  been  several  times  identified 
as  0.  kisutch,  of  which  si^ecies  it  is  apparently  a  dwarfed  off-shoot. 

Counts  of  anatomical  j^arts  in  a  fairly  large  series  of  Silvei-  Salmon  in  Cali- 
fornia have  yielded  the  following  results: 


Anal  ravs.  Coeca.  Gill-rakers.  Brancliiostegals.  Scales. 


Range 12-15  52-81  19-25  12-15  120-139 


Mean 13.5  68.6  22.5  13.4  130 


Number  examined 34  66         I         28  \_  34 17 

Color  .silvery,  with  dai'k  points  and  a  few  rather  faint  dark  spots  on  top  of 
head,  back,  dorsal  fin,  adipose  fin,  and  upper  rays  of  caudal;  caudal  uns]:)otted 
below;  dorsal  fin  more  or  less  tipped  with  dusky;  pectorals  and  anal  dusky;  l>reeding 
males  mostly  dull  red,  the  head  not  black;  no  red  on  young  exanii^les. 

In  the  United  States  this  species  normahy  reaches  a  length  of  about  twenty  to 
twenty-five  inches  and  a  weight  of  from  six  to  ten  pounds. 

The  specimens  from  Otaru,  Ura  River,  and  Osatsubo,  mentioned  l)y  Jortlan 
and  Snyder,  may  belong  to  this  species,  as  also  possil)ly  tlujse  taken  at  Aomori. 


132  MEMOIUS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

09.     |122A]    Oncorhynchus  ishikawae  Jordan  and  McGregor,  sp.  nov. 

YaiiKivic:  K(tir(nii(isu  =  River  t^almon.     (Plate  VI,  fig.  1;  Plate  VIII,  fig.  6,  scale). 

Sdhno   jicrriji   IIilgendorf,    Monatsber.   Ges.  Ost-Asien,   1876,  p.  25,  Hokkaido 

(not  of  Brevoort,  Exped.  Japan,  185G,  p.  273,  pi.  IX,  fig.  1,  from  Hakodate, 

which  is  a  species  oiHucho). — Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIV, 

1902,  p.  578  (in  part).     Specimens  from  Daiya  River. 

This  s])ecies  has  much  in  common  with  Oncorln/nchus  kisutcli,  from  which 
species  it  was  probably  originally  derived. 

Oui'  tyi)e  of  the  species  is  an  example  fi'oni  Lake  Biwa  (Collector's  No.  189G, 
Cai'.  Mus.  Gat.  Fishes  No.  7786),  obtained  with  four  otliers  by  Dr.  Wakiya.  It  is 
a  young  male,  7  inches  long,  with  a  young  of  Rhinogobius  simiUs  in  its  stomach. 

Body  symmetiical;  head  small,  4.33  in  length;  maxillary  short,  I'eaching  little 
beyond  eye,  which  is  small,  1.6  in  snout;  caudal  peduncle  rather  slender.  Color 
very  daik  olive,  paler  on  sides,  with  a  few  dai'k  spots  on  back,  but  with  numerous 
white  or  pink  spots  irregularly  scattered  among  the  others  (these  sometimes 
wanting);  usually  two  oi'  three  small  dark  spots  at  base  line  of  dorsal;  apical  third 
of  dorsal  jet-l)lack,  jxiler  at  base,  a  whitish  spot  on  upper  half  of  last  five  or  six 
rays;  no  spots  on  the  fins,  except  at  base  of  dorsal,  where  two  to  six  (usually  four) 
black  inky  spots  are  usually  evident.  Anal  and  ventrals  pale,  the  tips  of  both  fins 
abrujitly  yellowish  white ;  anterior  rays  of  anal  fin  more  or  less  produced ;  pectorals 
dusky  above  on  first  fmv  rays;  caudal  with  dusky  margin  behind;  one  or  more 
(sometimes  several)  round  blackish  sjiots  on  side  of  belly  in  a  series,  these  rarely 
entiicly  wanting,  though  growing  obscure  with  age  as  the  parr  marks  disappear, 
one  liclow  the  dorsal  most  permanent. 

Anal  rays  13;  branchiostegals  12-13;  gill-rakers  9+12  =  21;  pyloric  coeca  51; 
vertel)ra'  58  +  6  =  64  +  11.;  scales  133,  structui'ally  resembling  the  Silver  Salmon 
{kisuicli~iyY>v);  about  eight  ciiculi  continuous  all  arountl  focus,  which  is  central. 
Our  ripe  s]iccimens  have  the  scales  rather  badly  absorbed  and  are  seemingly  in  the 
third  year. 

A  larger  example,  an  immature  male  from  Lake  Hakone  (Collector's  No.  438), 
9.625  inches  long,  shows  the  following  characteristics:  the  spots  and  other  markings 
mostly  wanting  or  indistinct;  the  sides  silvery;  anal  rays  12;  gill-rakers  9+11  =20; 
branchiostegals  13-14;  ]Dyloric  cceca  55;  scales  135,  showing  eleven  or  twelve 
circuli  continuous  aiound  on  exjjosed  area;  focus  nearer  anterior  end;  outhne  wide, 
elliptic,  in  general  conformed  to  the  type  of  the  Silver  Salmon  in  fourth  y^ear; 
caudal  shallow-forked,  with  sharp  angles;  parr-marks  mostly  obliterated;  color 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPAXE8E  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  133 

silvery  witli  no  red;  tlu^  lilaek  si)ots  few,  small,  and  veiy  faint  on  back,  non(>  on 
caudal,  which  is  not  edged  with  i-ed.  Dor.sal  fin  deep  black  above,  rather  abrui)tly 
paler  below,  especially  at  end  of  last  few  rays,  about  four  elongate  dark  spots 
along  its  base;  pectorals  j)ale  slaty  below,  blackish  above,  especially  on  the  anterior 
two-thirds  of  their  width;  anal  with  dusky  band  traversing  it  midway,  apex  lighter, 
the  fin  as  a  whole  pale  and  small.  The  black  area  on  the  dorsal  fin  grows  darker 
with  age,  but  the  spots  on  the  sides  tend  to  disappear,  the  sides  becoming  silvery. 
This  specimen  a]:)proaches  matuiity.  We  have  a  .smaller  one,  much  like  it,  also 
from  Lake  Hakone. 

Thirteen  specimens  of  different  sizes  fi'om  foui'  to  six  inches  long,  palei'  in 
color,  and  with  the  parr-marks  very  conspicuous,  were  taken  by  Di'.  Ishikawa  on 
a  special  trip  to  the  SIuIhi  River  (Shibugawa),  a  mountain-stream  near  Ikao 
in  Kotsuke,  Central  Japan.  These  are  variously  spotted  with  black,  a  series  of 
larger  spots  along  side  of  belly  being  almost  always  conspicuous  (sometimes  wanting, 
or  at  other  times  duplicated);  often  with  a  dark  spot  below  last  ray  of  dorsal,  and 
smaller  inky  spots  along  its  base.    Vertebrae  64  in  all  X-rayed  specimens. 

From  vaiious  localities  in  Southern  Japan  come  thirteen  specimens  3.5  to  7 
inches  long,  tlieii-  colors  moi'e  or  less  faded.  One  of  them  from  Uwajima  has  69 
vertebrae,  one  68,  the  others  63  to  66.  The  branchiostegals  vary  from  11  to  14, 
usually  12-13.  tlie  left  .side  usually  having  one  more  than  the  right;  gill-rakers 
usually  8+10=18;  cceca  37  to  58;  scales  125  to  140,  the  latter  number  in  the 
specimen  (Coll.  Wakiya,  No.  536)  from  Uwajima;  scales  with  five  to  eight  circuli 
continuous  around  exposed  area,  well  se]5arated;  the  scales  of  the  Silver  Salmon 
(0.  kisutch)  type,  also  of  the  scale  type  of  a  paratype  of  Oncorhynchus  fonnosanus 
(Jordan  and  Oshima) ;  mostly  in  second  year. 

Other  examples  come  fi-om  the  Kitakami  River  at  Sendai  (vertebrae  65,  65,  65; 
cceca  46,  41,  45;  gill-rakers  18.  18,  18) ;  one  from  the  Ki.so  River  in  Shin.shu  (vertebrae 
68;  cceca  37;  gill-rakers  18);  two  from  Hamada  (vertebra^  06.  64;  coeca  45,  58; 
gill-rakers  18,  18);  one  from  Toj^ama  (vertebrae  63;  cceca  42;  gill-rakers  19);  two 
from  a  stream  in  Hokkaido  (vertebrae  64.  64:  coeca  48.  41;  gill-rakers  18,  18);  two 
from  Kumamoto,  (vertebrip  64,  64;  cceca  55,  41;  gill-i'akers  18,  IS);  and  one  from 
Uwajima  (vertebrae  69;  coeca  ?;  gill-rakers  18;  scales  140). 

This  is  certainly  the  common  "trout"  or  "Yamame"  of  central  and  northern 
Japan,  and  it  is  most  probably  a  deiivative  of  Oncorhynchus  kisutch.  differing  in 
its  dwarf  size  and  dai'ker  colors.  It  may  always  be  known  by  the  l:)lack  upper 
part  of  the  dorsal,  which  scarceh*  fades  in  spirits.  The  dark  spots  on  the  lower 
part  of  the  sides  are  also  characteristic  in  the  young. 


134  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

The  anatomical   characters  of   th(>   foregoing  series   of  individuals   may   be 
summarized  as  follows: 


.  ^  ^  ■      ^--.i      .  Branchio  ^^     i 

Anal  Rays,     j        Coeca.       j      Gill-rakers.     |         steeals         I  Scales. 


•<r    .  u  '     Age  in 

Vertebrae.  '^ 

years. 


Range 

11-13 

37-5S 

IS- 19 

11-14 

123-140 

63-69 

1-4 

Mean 

12.2 

43.6 

18.1 

12.5 

129.4 

65.1 

2 

In  all  of  these  examples  the  ground-color  of  the  peritoneum  ranges  from  deep 
sti-a\v-rolor  to  smoky  I'oso,  with  pal(>r  rib  stripes  and  scattered  black  stipplings. 

70.   [122  in  part]  Oncorhynchus  macrostomus  (Guntlier). 

Atneno-nu'o  (male)  =  Rain-fish;  Amago  (female);  Enoha. 

(Plate  \T,  figs.  2-3;  Plate  VIII,  figs.  8-9,  scales.) 

Salmo  macrostomus  GIInther,  Shore-fishes,  Challenger,  Exi)ed.,  71,  pi.   XXXI, 

fig.  8  (Yokohama  market). 
Sahuo  pcrryi  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIV,  1902,  578,  (in  part); 

examples  from  Lake  Biwa  and  other  localities  in  Southern  Japan   (not  of 

Brevoort) . 

This  species  is  widely  diffused  in  the  streams  and  lakes  of  Southwestern  Japan. 
It  is  highly  varia))le  in  color,  according  to  the  nature  of  the  water,  and  unfortunately 
in  museum  sjxx'imens  as  to  its  condition  of  jjreservation.  As  in  other  fresh-water 
S(ilni(»iida\  the  differences  between  individuals  are  much  more  impressive  than 
the  characters  which  distinguish  species. 

The  species  is,  however,  distinguishable  at  all  times  from  its  nearest  relative, 
Oncorhynchus  ishikawcv,  by  the  total  absence  of  a  large  black  blotch  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  dorsal  fin.  From  0.  rhodurus  it  is  separated  by  more  technical  char- 
actei's,  especially  of  tlu^  scales,  and  ])y  the  marked  difference  in  character  and 
adjustment  of  the  dark  spots,  which  in  0.  rhodurus  are  not  present  below  the 
lateral  line. 

Of  this  sjiecies  the  most  tyi:)ical  examples  are  a  series  fi'om  Lake  Hakone, 
seven  to  nine  inches  in  length,  both  sexes  being  represented,  tlie  largest  cjuite 
mature.  These  in  life  show  the  following  colors:  dorsal  fin  pale  above,  smoky 
below,  never  black  above,  usually  with  three  to  eight  small  prevalently  round  spots 
along  its  base,  no  black  spot  on  l)as('  of  first  ray;  adipose  fin  unspotted,  usually 
dusky  at  base  in  front.  Head  very  dark  above.  Back  witli  small  dark  spots,  these 
in  the  more  sharply  marked  examples  continuing  upon  the  head  in  rather  definite 


JORDAN  AND  HlTBBft:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1022.  135 

aiTangenicnt  ;  a  bowed  line  of  eia;lit  or  ten  along  occipital  border;  a  similar  arclied 
line  over  each  eye;  none  reaching  lateral  line.  Caudal  fin  with  two  oi'  three  .spots, 
sometimes  with  none;  with  pale  edges  which  are  red  in  life,  as  in  0.  rlwdurus  and 
0.  ishikaiv(v.  T.owei-  fins  dusky,  ]ialer  than  in  O.  rliodurus,  the  tips  vaguely  lighter. 
Anal  anteriorly  dusky,  the  til)  rather  shari)ly  i)ale;  no  spots  at  Ixise.  Pectorals 
dai'k-edged  above.  Sides  of  body  with  seven  to  nine  lai-ge  I'ound  blackish  blotches, 
parr-niai'ks,  whicli,  however,  do  not  seem  to  be  wholly  lost  with  age.  Above  these 
and  altei'nating  with  them  •dvo  large  I'ound  obscure  blotches,  which  fade  with  age. 
Mixed  with  the  black  si)ots  and  blotches  are  scattered  crimson  spots  above  the 
lateral  line,  usually  larger  than  the  l)lack  ones.  Sides  below  latei'al  line  with  one 
to  five  series  of  often  twenty  louiid  black  spots,  une<|ual  in  size,  most  of  them  very 
distinct,  l)ut  reduced  in  some  exami:)les  to  a  single  large  spot  on  side  well  below 
the  dorsal  fin.  Usually  there  are  several  series  of  these  spots,  tlie  smaller  ones 
extending  u]wn  the  belly. 

Of  the  two  (examples  figured  in  this  paper,  the  one  is  a  young  male,  collected 
by  Dr.  Ishikawa  in  Nagara  River  near  Gifu.  This  specimen  was  much  faded  and 
the  original  markings  have  been  restored  from  a  specimen  of  the  same  size  from 
Lake  Hakone.  The  other  figure  is  from  a  very  highly  colored  young  male  from 
Lake  Biwa.  The  first  of  these  differs  from  CiUnther's  plate  only  in  the  much 
smaller  mouth.  From  Gifu  we  also  have  a  more  mature  male,  in  which  the  maxil- 
lary is  very  much  longer,  a  character  api)arently  due  to  greater  maturity.  None 
of  our  examples  show  a  hook-nose,  nor  any  tendency  in  that  direction. 

The  example  figured  (Plate  \T,  fig.  3)  from  Lake  Hakone  (GoU.  No.  450) 
(Car.  Mus.  Gat.  Fishes,  No.  7790)  shows  the  following  tiaits:  Head  3.75  in  length 
to  base  of  caudal;  dejitli  5;  eye  5.75  in  h(>ad;  snout  3.15;  maxillary  2  in  head  ( L5 
in  more  mature  examples).  Anal  lays  12;  branchiostegals  13-14;  gill-rakers 
9+11=20;  scales  IKi;  ])yloric  co'ca  (lost),  57  or  5S  in  other  exami^les;  vomer 
with  a  long  line  of  teeth  in  zigzag;  caudal  lunate,  with  bluntish  lolx's,  not  deeply 
forked;  length  8.75  inches;  scales  with  focus  central,  al)out  six  circuli  continuous 
around  exposed  area,  much  more  widely  spaced  posteriorly;  wid(>  transversely;  in 
third  year  (othcM-  examjiles  fi'om  Lake  Hakone  mostly  in  fourth  year).  Body  in 
spirits  much  faded,  but  showing  faint  parr-marks,  scarcely  silveiy;  anal  dusky 
at  base,  with  conspicuous  white  tip;  back  with  rather  few  spots;  sides  nearly 
plain;  caudal  nearly  or  (luite  unspotted;  dorsal  dusky,  paler  at  ti]),  unspotted, 
except  for  three  to  five  black  spots  present  at  its  base;  anal  lather  low,  pale  at  its 
tip,  or  entirely  i)ale. 


I'M)  MEMOIRS  OF  TIUC  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Tlic  other  of  the  two  specimens  figured  (Plate  VI,  fig.  2)  is  an  immature 
male,  seven  inches  long,  from  Lake  Biwa,  obtained  from  a  private  hatchery  in 
Otsu  by  Jordan  and  Kawamura.  In  this  specimen  the  veiy  dark  color  obscures  the 
black  spots,  leaving  the  crimson  sjiots  even  more  conspicuous;  in  life  the  dark 
spots  on  the  side  are  very  obscure  and  there  are  none  on  the  head;  the  anal  is 
broadly  tipped  with  orange;  the  unspotted  caudal  is  trimmed  above  and  Ix'low 
with  red. 

Ten  othei-  exami)les,  similar  to  this  and  as  l)i'ightly  colored,  ranging  in  length 
from  four  to  seven  inches,  were  olitained.  Tlie  following  characteristics  are  ex- 
hibited by  the  specimen  figured  (("oUector's  Xo.  454,  Car.  Mus.  Cat.  Fishes, 
No.  7791).  Anal  rays  12;  branchiostegals  12-13;  gill-rakers  6-t-ll  =  17;  pyloric 
coeca  49;  scales  130,  structurally  of  the  type  of  the  Silver  Salmon,  0.  kisutch;  focus 
central;  11  circuli  continuous  around  on  expo.sed  area;  in  second  year. 

Of  Oncorliyjiclnis  macrostouius  we  also  have  three  examples  from  the  Hiki 
River  at  Wakayama.  which  are  comjiaratively  large  and  dark  in  color,  the  black 
spots  almost  obliterated.  In  addition  we  have  one  from  Hamada,  five  from  Himeji, 
three  from  the  Kuma  Rivei-  at  Kumamoto,  five  from  Toyama,  Fukui,  one  each 
from  Lake  Kizaki,  Ecliizen,  and  L'wajinia,  besides  those  already  noted  from  Lake 
Hakone,  Lake  Biwa,  and  the  Nagara  River.  (3f  these  only  four  show  the  maxillary 
as  long  as  shown  in  (lUnther's  figure  (1.5  in  head). 

This  species  seems  to  be  the  most  abundant  form  in  the  streams  south  and 
west  of  Lake  Biwa;  its  northern  limit,  so  far  as  our  collections  show,  being  Lake 
Hakone.  How  many  kinds  of  these  "Yamame"  in  tliis  i-emarkable  lake  are  really 
indigenous,  and  what  may  have  been  introduced  in  the  long  ix'riod  of  .Iai)anese 
civilization,  no  one  can  tell.  It  is  certain  now  that  0.  rhodiirus,  0.  macrostomus, 
and  0.  i.shikdwcc  all  exist  there  in  almost  etjual  abundance,  besides  0.  adonis,  a 
species  of  a  very  different  tyi;)e.  0.  mdct'dstouius  is  reputed  to  be  non-migratory. 
It  seems  to  reach  only  a  small  size  and  the  males  seen,  while  having  the  jaws 
l)rolonged  backward,  show  no  signs  of  a  hook. 

The  character  of  the  scales,  which,  as  in  ().  ishikawa',  have  but  few  (seven  to 
ten)  circidi  continuous  on  the  exposed  area,  sharply  distinguishes  these  species 
from  0.  rhodurus,  in  which  the  circuli  range  from  21  to  31.  The  black  tip  of  the 
dorsal  fin  is  the  only  constant  character  we  have  found  sharply  to  set  off  0.  ishikawce 
from  0.  macrostomus.  In  both  the  dark  spots  normally  extend  below  the  lateral 
line,  and  are  often  mixed  with  led  ones.  The  round  parr-marks  in  both  are  veiy 
persistent,  and  in  the  young  the  additional  alternating  doi'sal  row  is  conspicuous. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISIIKS  COLLECTED   1922.  187 

Tabular  SixiMAia'  "k  Chahactkhs  ok  ONciiKHyMurs  MArndsToMfs. 

Localities.  Caeca      Gill-rakcrs.     Anal  Rays        Branchio-  Scales.         Vertebra-"  Head,  per  ct.  Maxillary  per 

stegals.  in  length.        ct.in  length 


Lake  Biwa. .  .  . 

41-61 

17-21 

12-13 

11-14 

126-133 

64-66 

c?,  24-28 

cf.  15-17 

Average .  .  .  . 

51.2 

19.2 

12.5 

12.5 

64.8 

0 , 25-27 

?,    15 

Lake  Hakone. . 

18 

12-13 

12-14 

126-143 

63-64 

&.  27-30 

cf,  16-19 

Average .  .  . . 

12.4 

13    1 

63 . 4 

0 ,  25 

9,14 

Fukui 40-45        17-20  12-13  11-14  124-142       63-65        cf'.  25-26      d',  13-15 


LakeKizaki   ..    49-55        17-19  12-13  11-14  122-132       64  d',  26-27      d',  15-16 


Si.x  other 

loralitips..  ..    43-57        18-21  12-13  12-14     120-130       62-64  2.5-31  13-20 

Closely  allied  to  Oncorhynchus  macrostomus  is  the  species  recently  descrilM^d 
from  the  mountains  of  Formosa,  as  Snimo  formosanus  .Jordan  and  Oshima  (Proc. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1919,  122).  In  this  species,  the  anal  is  very  high,  its  first 
rays  reaching  beyond  ti])  of  the  last.  A.  Ill,  10;  scales  130;  brancliiostegals  13; 
gill-rakers  7  +  9=  IG;  distal  parts  of  all  fins  dusky. 

71.   [124]  Oncorhynchus  rhodurus  .Ionian  and  ]\Ic(  Jreiior,  s]).  nov. 
(Plate  VII,  fig.  1;  Plate  Mil,  figs.  1-2,  scales). 

Oncorlnjnchus  mason  .Iordax  and  Thompson,  Mem.  (  ar.  Mus.,  \\.  211,  pi.  XXIV, 

fig.  3,  (not  text). 

The  type  of  this  well  marked  species  is  a  mature  male  20.25  inches  long  (Col- 
lector's Xo.  221S)  (Car.  Mus.  Cat.  Fishes,  Xo.  7794)  with  veiy  strongly  hooked 
jaws  and  nuptial  colors,  taken  in  Lake  Hakone,  Sagami,  Xovemher  20,  1923, 
presented  by  Mr.  H(>nrv  Kanaya  Yamaguchi,  piojirietor  of  the  noted  Fuji-ya  Inn 
at  Miyano.shita. 

This  specimen  shows  the  following  cliaracteis:  body  I'obust,  compressed; 
jaws  much  hooked,  the  long  ujiper  jaw  overlapiting  the  lower;  anal  fin  of  modeiate 
height,  first  ray  fully  reaching  to  middle  of  last  lay;  tip  of  first  few  rays  produced; 
caudal  subtruncate  or  shallowly  lunate;  anal  rays  12;  hiaiicliiostegals  11-12;  gill- 
rakers  8-|-l()=lS  (very  .short):  ])yloric  coeca  42:  vertebi-a-  63;  scales  133,  (in  poor 
shape  from  absorption),  structurally  of  a  modified  ().  kiHutcli  type,  showing  a  tew 
reticulations,  at  least  six  circuli  comi)letely  .surrounding  focus,  these  much  more 
widely  spaced  posteriorly;  at  least  in  its  fourth  year  21  to  31  circuli  in  all  on 
exposed  area. 

"'  Determined  by  X-ray  ])hoto};raphs. 


138  MEMOIRS  OF  TIIK  CARNK(!IK  MUSEUM. 

Color  in  liFc:  head  j(>t-l)lack;  si(l(\s  iM-iglit  <i;i-(M'iiisli,  with  only  a  few  lihick 
si)ots,  these  chiefly  confined  to  the  back.  Pai'i'-shades  faint,  the  interspaces  pink, 
contrasting  with  the  green  of  the  sid{>s;  no  red  stripe  along  sides;  a  l)i'ight  red 
stri])e  along  onter  rays  of  caudal  abov(>  and  below,  fading  in  spirits  to  whitish, 
tiiat  on  the  lower  rays  most  distinct;  black  sjjuts  on  dorsal  numerous,  small,  more 
or  less  oblong  and  obliciue;  spots  on  l)ase  of  fin  few,  oblong  and  obliquely  set;  tips 
of  dorsal,  anal,  and  ventrals  broadly  creamy  white;  pectorals  with  obscuic  dark 
edging  distally;  caudal  lobes  short,  acute,  a  few  black  si)ots  above  and  below: 
inside  of  mouth  l)lackish,  one  vomerine  tooth  I'cmaining. 

A  microscopic  study  of  the  scales  of  Xo.  2136  (a  pai-atyi)e  thirt(>en  inches  in 
length)  reveals  that  the  individual  was  seven  years  old  and  had  never  s])awned 
before.     This  ecjuals  the  maximum  longevity  hitherto  recorded  for  Oncorhynchus. 

Three  female  specimens,  rii:>e  with  eggs,  about  a  foot  long,  from  Lake  Hakone 
(November  20)  are  much  smaller  and  slenderer;  dull  sooty-silvery  in  color  with 
traces  of  dark  spots  above,  and  faint  pinkish  shades  in  the  interspaces,  alternating 
with  traces  of  dark  bars.  Uii]x^r  and  low^er  edge  of  caudal  pale,  Ixit  (in  spirits)  no 
longer  red;  nunun-ous  smaller  oblong,  oblique  spots,  arranged  vaguely  in  rows 
along  the  rays,  those  at  base  of  the  fin  oblong,  obliciue,  ink-like,  sometimes  running 
together  in  a  broken  hne;  caudal  with  a  few  dai'k  scattered  spots;  none  on  ventrals 
or  pectorals;  paired  fins  dark,  with  abrupt  yellowish  white  tips. 

A  younger  male  is  like  the  old  one,  but  less  brightly  colored  and  barely  be- 
ginning to  be  hook-nosed.    It  has  still  a  long  I'ow  of  five  small  vomerine  teeth. 

Two  sjiawning  females,  (from  some  locality  in  Shinshu)  one  about  a  foot  in 
length,  and  one  about  17.5  inches  long,  exuding  ova,  are  dusky  metallic-sooty, 
with  traces  of  dark  bars,  these  quite  unlike  the  rounded  pan-marks  of  other  species; 
no  red  on  fins,  except  on  lower  i-ay  of  caudal;  si)ots  mostly  oblitei'ated;  anal  with  a 
broad  white  ti]);  adipose  fin  with  a  daik  s})ot  above;  anal  usually  with  a  few  dark 
spots  at  base;  no  seiies  of  dark  spots  along  side  below  lateral  line  in  either  specimen. 

Parr-marks  mostly  early  replaced  by  broad  vertical  dark  ci-oss-bars,  which  in 
the  males  tend  to  grow  sharjxM-  with  age;  jx-ctorals  deep  slaty,  as  are  also  the  other 
lower  fins,  except  for  the  pale  tips;  young  witliout  red  spots  on  sides.  The  faint 
broad  dark  cross-shades  are  cliaract(>ristic  of  this  species. 

Of  Oncorhynchus  rhudurus  we  have  six  examples  of  vai'ious  sizes  and  both 
sexes  from  Lake  Hakone,  and  two  from  some  lake  in  Shinshu,  near  Nagano.  The 
species  may  be  known  at  sight  l)y  the  pale  dorsal  as  well  as  by  the  absence  of  dark 
spots  below  the  lateral  Hne.  A  much  more  important  character  is  found  in  the 
presence  on  each  scale  of  many  (21  to  31,  the  average  25.4)  unbroken  circuh  on 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  139 

the  exposed  part  of  the  scale.  In  Oncurhynchus  mucroHtmiuiH  and  0.  ishikaira',  the 
unbroken  circiili  on  the  i)osterior  surface  are  few  (7  to  10,  averaging  8)  and  the 
spotting  is  different. 

In  spite  of  resemblance  to  Snlnio,  tiiis  species  is  a  true  Oncorhyiichus.  Like 
Salmo,  it  has  twelve  anal  rays,  mostly  eleven  or  twelve  l^ranchiostegals,  seventeen 
to  twenty  gill-rakers,  and  one  hundred  and  thii'ty-thi-ee  scales  in  lateral  .series. 
The  fact  that  the  first  anal  ray  reaches  beyond  the  middle  of  the  last  ray  marks 
most  of  our  species  of  Salmo.  On  the  other  hand,  the  number  of  cceca  (averaging 
57),  the  number  of  vertebrae  (about  63),  but  more  i)articularly  the  well  developed 
hooked  nose  in  the  rii)e  males,  and  the  death  of  all  spawning  individuals,  identify 
it  as  an  Oncorhynchus. 

Oncorhynclnis  rhodurus  is  the  species  figured  by  Jordan  and  Tliompson,  Mem. 
Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1913,  p.  211,  pi.  XXIV,  fig.  3,  as  Oncorhi/nchiis  ttiasou.  The  s]ieci- 
men  figured,  Car.  Mus.  Cat.  Fi.shes,  Xo.  G0U2a,  was  taken  in  Lake  Chiusenji,  a 
land-locked  mountain  lake,  in  which  it  was  said  to  have  l)een  introduced  from 
Akita  in  Ugo  in  the  noi-th\\estern  i:)art  of  Japan.  We  were  told  that  all  individuals 
in  the  lake  die  after  spawning.  The  figure  in  question  accurately  represents  a 
young  male,  except  that  the  black  spots  have  faded. 

A  specimen  from  Xaoetsu,  Echigo,  is  in  the  Stanford  University  Mu.-^eum, 
collected  by  K.  Otaki. 

The  following  table  gives  the  record  of  our  \-arious  examjiles. 


Tabul.^r  .Sum.mary  of  Ch.\racters  of  Oxcorhyxchu.s  rhodurls. 


r-  Gill-  Anal  Branchio-  „     ,  ,•        i  Head  pr.ct. 

Coeca.  ,  ,,  ,  Scales.  \  crtebr,f .         ■     ,         .  pr.ct. m 

rakers.  Ra\  s.  stegals.  in  length 


Maxillary 
pr.ct. in 
length. 


Range 42-7G        17-20  12-1.3  11-13  124-1:53  62-63        cf.  29-33      cf,  10-22 

0,24-2.5       9,13-14 


Mean 57.4  18.6  12.4  11.8  128  62.7 


Subgenus  TruUn  Liima^us. 
72.    [Introd.l   Salmo  shasta  Jordan.     Slui.sta  Rainhoir-troiit 

A  specimen  from  Lake  Biwa,  presented  by  Dr.  Ishikawa,  belongs  to  this 
American  species,  which  was  introduced  from  the  hatchery  at  Baird  on  the 
McCloud  River  near  Mount  Shasta,  California.  The  body  and  ujiper  fins  are 
profusely  spotted,  much  more  so  than  in  any  Japanese  species. 


140  MEMOIRS  OF  THK  CARXEOIK  MUSEUM. 

(iciuis  Salvelinus  (Nilsson)  l^ii-liai'dson. 

The  species  of  Chaii-  found  in  tiihutaries  of  the  North  Pacific  ai'e  ver>'  far 
from  final  detei-mination.  Tlie  name  Salvelinn.s  innhtKi  cnddently  beionj^s  to  a 
northei'n  form,  known  from  Unalaska  to  Kamclialka.  Close  to  this,  hut  with  the 
head  constantly  larger,  is  the  "Dolly  Varden,"  or  "Bvdl-trout"  of  Northern  Cali- 
fornia and  noi'thward.  This  may  stand  as  SulvcUnus  spedabilis-'^  (parkci),  and 
probably  grades  into  the  preceding.  Both  of  these  enter  the  sea,  growing  to  the 
weight  of  eight  to  ten  pounds,  the  red  spots  becoming  silvery.  In  all  the  mountain- 
streams  of  northern  and  middle  Jai)an  the  conunon  trout,  or  Iinnut,  SulveUmis 
pluvius,  agrees  closely  with  N.  malnui.  but  its  i)ylorie  cccca  and  gill-i'akers  average 
fewei'  and  the  si)()ts  on  the  side  and  back  are  larger. 

Another  grouj)  of  Charr  has  the  pale  spots  much  larger,  some  as  large  as  the 
eye,  otherwise  much  like  S.  pluvius.  Specimens  from  Kamchatka  (N.  leucomamis) 
have  the  head  short,  4.5  to  4.66  in  length.  A  related  form  or  species  of  this  type, 
from  Hamada  in  Iwami,  has  the  head  4  in  length  and  the  coeca  very  few,  only 
seventeen.  This  we  call  SulvcUnus  imbrius,  granting  it,  pending  study,  the  rank  of 
a  distinct  species. 

Kf;y  to  I\\cific  Species  of  Salvelinus. 

((.    Latcr;il  spots  all  smaller  than  eye,  mostly  smaller  than  pupil,  liri.uht  rrimsoii,  IxM'omiiifi  silvery  in 
sea-run  examiilcs;  no  spots  on  liead,  and  usually  few  or  none  lielow  lateral  line;  lower  fins  with 
the  first  ray  bright  red. 
b.   Head  long,  more  than  one-fourth  length  of  body  to  end  of  vertebra'   (3. (US  in  length)   gill- 
rakers  IS;  pyloric  ccEca  18.    Shasta  region  and  northward spedabdis. 

bb.   Hea<l  shorter,  less  than  one-fourth  length  of  body. 

c.   Pyloric  cceca  24  to  33;  gill-rakers  20  to  24;  branchiostegals  11-12;  head  4.2.3  to  4..')  in 

length;  North  Pacific innlma. 

re.   Pyloric  ctrca  23  to  2.5;  gill-rakers  IS  to  20;  branchiostegals  12-13;  head  3.S7.5  to  4.4 

pluvius. 
an.   Lateral  spots  pale  yellowish,  irregular  in  size,  mostly  larger  than  impil,  some  about  as  large  as  eye, 
extending  more  or  less  below  lateral  line;  lower  fins  pale;  scales  about  200. 

(/.  Head  4. .5  to  4.66  in  length;  no  spots  on  head;  caudal  well  forked;  cwca  20; 
gill-rakers   IS;  branchiostegals   13-13.     Kamchatka  and   Hokkaido. 

leucommnis. 

fill.   Head   4   in   length;   i)ale  spots  covering  to]i  of  head;   caudal   shallow-forked; 

cceca  17;  gill-rakers  14;  branchiostegals  12-13.     Hamada  in  south  western 

.laiian iiiil)riii'<. 

The  for(>going  analysis  of  these  forms  is  pi'ovisional  and  all  may  prove  to  be 
\ariants  of  Salvelinus  mabmi. 

'"**  The  name  spedabili.s  Girard  must  take  precedence  over  parkei  for  the  American  "Dolly  Varden." 
Ciirard  called  the  species  Salmo  spectabili".  The  earlier  name  Salar  spcctabilis  was  applied  by  Cuvier  and 
Valenciennes  to  a  European  species  of  SaliiKi.  but  the  cond)ination,  Salniii  spcrtabilift,  was  first  used  by 
Girard  for  the  Charr  of  the  Columlna. 


JOHDAX  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   l',12_'.  141 

73.    1127]    Salvelinus  pluvius  (Hilgendoi'f).    Iintn.a. 
(Plate  VII,  fig.  2,  example  fi'om  Shin.shu;  Plate  VIII,  fig.  14,  scale). 

The  common  Red-spotted  ( 'hai'i',  of  Iiraiui,  is  found  in  all  the  niountain- 
i-ivcrs  and  bi-ooks  ffoni  the  southern  i)aT't  of  Hondo  tlu'oughout  tlie  Hokkaido. 
Out-  specimens  ate  from  the  Daiya  River  at  Nikko;  Lake  C'hiusenji  (introduced); 
the  Kawajii'i  River  in  Rikuchu;  and  Ohata,  near  Aomori,  Ix'sidcs  those  obtained 
by  Jordan  antl  Snyder  in  1900.  The  two  from  Ohata  are  very  slender,  a])parently 
starvelings.  Whether  the  Iivarui  is  really  separable  from  Sdlvcliinis  ihhIiiki  of  tlie 
Kamchatka-Alaskan  region  is  doubtful,  as  already  indicated. 

Besides  the  ordinary  Iirana.  found  in  all  mountain-streams  of  .J;ii)an,  we  have 
a  fine  specimen,  11.5  inches  long,  (I.  \V.  Xo.  207)  in  tlie  collection.  It  is  a  ri])e 
male  with  the  lowei'  jaw  somewhat  hooked  and  slightly  pi'olonged.  and  was  taken 
in  a  stream  or  lake  in  Shinshu,  near  Nagano,  by  Soji  Xakoiia.  It  differs  fi'om  others 
in  the  subtruncate  caudal  and  its  rathei-  larger  spots.  Body  rather  elongate  and 
moderately  compressed;  head  slightly  undei-  4  in  length  to  end  of  vertebra^;  de])th 
5;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  2.84  in  head;  e^^e  6.5;  interorbital  space  3.33;  snout  3.G; 
maxillaiy  1.G6,  extending  beyond  eye  a  distance  about  ecjual  to  diameter  of  eye; 
D.  9;  A.  8;  scales  in  lateral  series  185,  in  ti-an.sverse  series  above  lateral  line  38. 
Vomer  flush  with  i-oof  of  mouth,  on  its  anterior  portion  teeth  in  a  fan-.shajx'd 
cluster,  none  on  the  depressed  shaft;  palatine  teeth  extending  to  anterior 
vomerine  teeth,  with  a  very  .short  gap  between;  roof  of  mouth,  within 
palatines  and  b(>hind  teeth  of  vomer,  Ijlack;  liranchiostegals  13-13;  gill-rakers 
7-|-8=15;  pyloric  ccrca  21;  dorsal  fin  a  little  longer  than  anal,  the  forniei-  1.75  in 
head;  ventrals  2.1  in  head;  caudal  almost  scjuai-ely  ti'uncate,  the  lobes  not  acute, 
over  2  in  head,  the  middle  rays  more  than  two-thii'ds  the  outer;  ventral  appendage 
2.5  in  fin;  longest  r.ay  of  dorsal  1.75  in  head.  The  difference  in  the  form  of  the 
caudal  is  a  striking  feature  of  this  specimen  and  is  probably  due  to  age.  Scales 
under  microscope  .show  that  the  outline  is  usually  rectangular-elli])tic,  with  the 
antero-posterior  axis  the  longest;  focus  nearly  central,  sul)-cii('ular;  most  of  the 
circuli  continued  around  on  the  exjio.sed  area,  which  appears  much  like  the  con- 
cealed area;  circuli  widely  spaced,  inclined  to  interl>i-anch,  e.si)ecially  on  the  anterior 
radius;  blank  area  restricted  to  two  jjosterior  marginal  cii'culi;  sulimarginal  blank 
zone  limited  to  axial  ]K)rtion  of  circuli  nine,  ten,  eleven,  and  twelve  posteriorly; 
radial  spurs  common.  This  specimen  is  in  its  fourth  year.  ( 'oloi'  (in  alcohol) 
smoky-brown  above  lateral  line,  paler  below;  back  blackish-giay;  many  small 
round  pale  spots  (red  in  life)  scattered  over  sides  and  back,  most  of  these  al^out 
half  the  diameter  of  the  pupil,  not  visibh'  arranged  in  I'ows;  a  few  below  larger;  all 


142  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEOIE  MUSEUM. 

fins  unspotted;  head,  especially  above,  dark  slaty;  dorsal  fin  slaty,  the  first  ray 
palest;  caudal  fin  slaty,  uns])otted,  margined  above  and  especially  below  with 
whitish;  i)ect()rals,  ventrals,  and  anal  pale  slaty,  all  bordered  anteriorly  with 
rather  wide,  ])ale  edging;  pectorals  and  ventrals  dai'ker  above. 

74.   |120|  Salvelinus  leucomsenis  (Pallas).    (Plate  VITT,  fig.  13,  scale.) 

S/ilrcliinis  kin/dscJid  JoRDAN  and  (  iILBEUT  and  of  otlicr  authoi's,  ])i-obal)ly  not  Stihiio 

ku))(l.scli<i  Pallas  (fide  Bei'g). 

This  trout,  long  known  fi'om  Kamchatka,  is  recorded  l\v  Jordan,  Tanaka,  and 
Snyder  from  Nemuro  and  the  Shiril:ieshi  River,  in  the  noithern  Hokkaido.  Also 
from  Ituriip  Island  of  the  Kuriles,  and  from  Shinano.  It  is  visibly  known  by  its 
lai-g(>  i)ale  spots,  creamy  in  preserved  examples,  of  uneciual  size,  some  about  as 
large  as  the  eye,  none  extending  on  the  head. 

According  to  Dr.  Leo  S.  Berg,  the  early  specific  name  Inindschd  sliould  not  be 
used  for  tliis  sj^ecies,  as  the  original  of  the  name  was  probably  Salveliuun  alpinus, 
a  European  species  entering  the  Arctic  seas.  We,  therefore,  take  the  earlier  name 
of  reasonably  certain  ai:)plication. 

75.   [126AJ  Salvelinus  imbrius  Jordan  and  McGregor,  sp.  nov. 
(Plate  VII,  fig.  3;  Plate  VIII,  fig.  15,  scale.) 

Tliis  sjiecies  is  based  on  an  immature  female,  9.25  inches  long  (W.  No.  510) 
("ar.  Mus.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7797,  obtained  from  a  stream  near  Hamada  in  Iwami 
in  tile  southwestern  part  of  Jai^in.  It  is  very  close  to  Salvelinus  leueomcrnis,  which 
subarctic  species  it  may  represent  southward. 

Body  moderately  elongate,  not  much  compressed,  dorsal  contour  slightly 
elevated  l^ack  of  occipital  region;  caudal  fin  shallowly  forked;  head  about  4  in 
length;  depth  4.5;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  2.6  in  head;  eye  5.4;  interorbital  space 
3.125;  snout  4.33;  maxillary  1.875;  extending  beyond  eye  a  distance  about  equal 
to  diameter  of  pupil;  dorsal  rays  12;  anal-rays  9;  scales  in  lateral  series  (immediately 
above  latei-al  line)  195.  Vomer  flush  with  roof  of  mouth,  four  teeth  in  a  cluster  on 
anterior  portion;  roof  of  mouth  longitudinally  striated  with  pale  and  blackish 
shades;  distance  from  tip  of  teeth  on  vomer  to  tiji  of  snout  one-third  interorbital 
space;  about  twelve  palatine  teeth  on  each  side;  tongue  short,  blunt,  of  a  rusty 
color,  with  two  rows  of  about  five  teeth  on  each  side;  teeth  essentially 
as  in  Salvelinus  pluvins  and  other  species  of  Salvelinus.  Branchiostegals 
12-13;  gill-rakers  5-h9=14;  i^yloric  coeca  17;  vertebra^  59  (53  +  0  +  urostyle) 
only  the  last  two  slightly  up-turned;  dorsal  equaling  anal,  1.6G  in  head;  pectorals 


JOHDAN   AM)   IirBBS:  JAPANESE  FISTIKS  ('(1LLKCTED   1022. 


Uii 


1.5  ill  head;  ventrals  fully  two  in  head;  veiiti'al  ai)iM'ndn,ti;e  alioiit  four  in  the  fi.'i; 
caudal  shallowly  forked,  the  lolx's  obtusely  angled;  its  lcn.i!:lh  2.25  in  head;  jx'ri- 
totuuun  smoky,  with  pale  strii)es  along  ribs  and  a  few  scatteicd  stipples.  Scale 
under  the  niici'()scoi)e  shows  the  outline  usually  wide  rectangular-elliptic,  with  the 
antero-posterioi-  axis  longest;  focus  central,  circular;  circuli  neai'ly  all  continuous 
entirely  ai-ound.  widely  spaced,  nowhei-e  angli'd;  blank  area  restricted  to  one  or 
two  ])erii)heral  cii'culi  posteriorly,  and  occasionally  also  to  axial  i)ortion  of  circuli 
four,  five,  and  six;  nucleus  of  about  nine  circuli,  which  are  sjxiced  increasingly  widei- 
toward  focus;  radial  spurs  present  or  absent  (when  i)i-esent  scarce).  Oui'  speciiuen 
is  in  its  fourth  year.  Color  in  .spirits  pale  slaty-l)rown  above,  paler  l)elow,  but 
back  hardly  darker  than  sides;  numerous  round  pale  s])ots  e(iually  distiibuted 
over  back,  sides,  and  top  of  head,  the  largest  larger  than  ])upil  and  some  almost  as 
large  as  eye;  toj)  of  head  with  about  sixteen  spots  sm;dler  than  those  on  sides; 
spots  extending  to  below  lateral  line.  Dorsal  fin  rathei'  i)ale.  a  lioiizontal  slaty 
bar  across  middle  of  rays,  a  blackish  bordei'  on  first  lay;  caudal  somewhat  dusky; 
basal  half  of  ventrals  whitish;  anal,  veiiti'als,  and  pectorals  jiale,  the  first  rays  of 
each  ])aler,  jx'ctorals  very  slightly  dusky  above;  lateral  line  consjiicuously  whitish. 


T.\KrL.VR  St\tement  iif  An'.^tomk  ai.  C'h.\R-MTKhs  <>v  P.m  ific  SrE(  iks  of  S.\lvei,i.ni';^. 


Species. 

Locality. 

No.  of  ca'ca. 

Gill-rakers. 

Branchiostegals. 

Head  in  length  I" 
end  of  veriobra'. 

s. 

speclahilis 

Rattlesnake  Cr.. 

Mdiit. 

is 

IS 

12-13 

3 .  6G 

s. 

malma 

Unalaska 

27 

20 

12-11 

4.5 

33 

20 

11-11 

4.5 

Pt.  Hope,  Ala 

ska 

24 

24 
23 

12-12 
10-11 

4.5 
4.25 

s. 

plurius 

Chiusenji 

•   • 

12-13 
1   -13 
1 : !   1  1 
14   15 

3  S75 

KaiiKijiri  H 

25 

18 

12-13 

4 

Rikuclni 

23 

20 

12-12 

4 

Ohata 

23 

18 
19 

11-11 
12-12 

4  4 
4.4 

Sliinslni 

21 

15 

1:3-13 

3.S 

s. 

leucomcBnis 

Nemiiro 

20 

18 

13-13 

4.25 

PetropavloN 

sk 

22 

20 

13-13 

4.125 

s. 

iiiil^'itif' 

Hainada 

17 

14 

12-13 

4 

144 


MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


For  an  account  of  the  pyloric  cooca  and  measurements  of  licad  of  examples  of 
Salvelinus  spedabilis  from  near  Seattle  we  are  indebted  to  Professor  John  N.  Cobb 
of  the  University  of  Washington. 


Length  to  Base              Length  of  Head     Length  of  head  to'       Length  of  Head 
Caudal  Ray  to  Nape  Margin  of  Oi)ercle in  Body 


Number  of 
Pyloric  Coeca 


In. 


Cm. 


Cm. 


In. 


Cm. 


Head  to       Head  to 
Nape         Opercle 


Sex 


1. 

25.5 

64 .  77 

4.0          10-16 

6 . 5 

16.51 

6 .  37 

3 .  92 

25 

Male 

2 

23.0 

5S .  42 

3  . 5           S .  Si) 

5 .  75 

14   ()0 

6 .  57 

4.00 

23 

Male 

3. 

19.56 

4'.1.6S 

3.31         S.41 

5 .  62 

14.21) 

5 . 0 

3.48 

23 

Female 

CH.\R.\rTERS  OF  Sc.\LES  OF  S.\LVELINUS. 

(Best  ap|>lical)lp  to  scales  from  l)et\veeii  dorsal  fin  and  lateral  liiiel 

A.   All  circuli  extending  entirely  around  scale;  focus  central;  no  true  blank  area. 

B.   Outline  cuneate-ovate;  radial  spurs  usually  present  (at  times  lacking);  circuli  interl)ranclung 
considerably,  es])ecially  anteriorly,   numbers  one  to  four  commonly  anf;led   iiostero-axially. 

UncoDKrnis  (Kamchatka). 
BB.   (Outline  ovate;  radial  spurs  nninially  absent;  circuli  relatively  little  interbranched,  inner  ones 

more  ai)t  to  l)e  angled  anteriorly spedabilis  (Seattle). 

(Plate  VIII,  fig.  17) 
A,\.   .VU  but  two  or  three  circuli  extending  entirely  around  scale;  marginal  blank  area  restricted  to  one 
to  three  posterior  peripheral  circuli;  a  suiunarginal  lilaidv  area  present  on  exjiosed  area  in  most 
species. 

C.   Circuli  usually  abrujitly  bent  on  radii  bounding  exposed  ai'ca;  outline  cuneate-ovate; 
submarginal  blank  area  restricted  to  axial  portion  of  circidi  Nos.  6  to  S. 

nialnui  (Bering  Sea). 
(Plate  VIII,  fig.  16) 
CC.   Circuli  not  so  bent. 

I).  Focus  sub-central,  often  somewhat  nearer  the  posterior  end;  outline  oval,  widest 
posteriorly;  circuli  cfimnfonly  angled  on  long  axis;  radial  spurs  present;  sub- 
marginal  blank  area  restricted  to  axial  |)ortion  of  circuli  Nos.  5  to  7 

lilui'ius  (Chiusenji). 
DD.   Focus  central;  circuli  not  angled,  widely  spaced;  outline  elliptic  to  rectangular- 
elliptic. 
E.  Submarginal  blank  area  not  present,  several  posterior  circuli  usually  some- 
what  broken;   radial   spurs   usually   lacking;   circuli   relatively   unljranched 

(starved  examples) jiluvius  (Ohata). 

EE.  Submarginal  blank  area  present. 

F.   Radial  sjuirs  conspicuous;  submarginal  blank  area   restricted    to    circuli 
Nos.  9  to  12;  circuli  inclined  to  interbranch  on  anterior  radius. 

iduvius  (Shinshu). 
FF.   Radial  spurs  few  and  inconsjiicuous;  marginal  blank  area  restricted  to 

axial  portion  of  circuli   Nos.  4  to  6 imhrius  (Hamada). 

AAA.   Few  to  eight  circuli  extending  all  around  scale. 

G.  Focus  central;  circuli  not  angled. 

H.  Focus  usually  well  elongate;  only  two  to  four  circuli  extend- 
ing all  around  scale;  blank  area  comparatively  large. 

fontinalis  (Maine). 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  145 

HH.  Focus  only  slishtly  clonsute;  six  to  cisUt  circaili  extending 

entirely  around;  blank  area  relatively  small,  restricted  to  a 

rather  narrow  trianitle  at  imsterior  enil.    .     pbiriua  (  Rikuclui). 

CiC.   Focus  commonly   somewhat   nearer   posterior   end;   first    three   or 

four  circuli  usually  angled  ])osteriorly. 

I.  Focus  sub-circular;  six  or  seven  circuli  extendina;  entirely 
around;  blank  area  large,  its  anterior  margin  almost  a 
vertical  line;  radial  spurs  present;  circuli  closely  spaced; 
outline  rectangular-ovate,  widest  at  a  point  one-third 
distant  from  focus  to  anterior  end.  ..S.  malma  (Unalaska). 
II.  Focus  elliptical;  six  to  (>ight  circuli  extending  all  around; 
blank  area  restricte<l  t<i  outer  four  circuli  (No.  6  usually 
interrujited  postero-axially) ;  no  radial  spurs  seen;  outline 

rectangular-ellijjtic fontiitdUs. 

(Swannanoa  R..  Xoi'th  Carolina). 

From  tlii.s  table  it  will  l)e  seen  that  a  close  alliance  is  indicated  between  .S. 
pluvius  and  .S.  itnbrius.  Our  kejs  based  on  scale-characters,  brings  these  two 
forms  closely  together.  Salvelinus  Jontinalis  from  Maine  shows  a  rather  close 
relationship  to  <S'.  malma  from  Unalaska,  when  the  scales  are  the  only  features 
considered.  It  also  indicates  a  substantial  difference  in  the  number  of  coeca  and 
gill-rakers  as  between  the  Bering  Sea  and  Unalaskan  individuals  thus  far  referred 
to  S.  malma.    These  two  are  widely  separated  in  the  scale-key. 

On  the  other  hand  the  critical  study  of  the  scales  tends  to  refute  in  two  in- 
stances the  integrity  of  our  tabulated  analysis  (See  p.  140).  First,  the  three  collec- 
tions of  Salvelinus  from  Rikuchu,  Ohata,  and  C'hiuzenji  (R.  Daiya)  (all  listed  in 
the  Stanford  Collection  as  S.  pluvius),  when  subjected  to  the  scale  scrutiny  fall. 
two  into  one  primary  structural  division  and  one  into  another,  indicating  a  lack  of 
identity.  Secondly,  Salvelinus  imbrius  (from  Hamada)  has  been  placed,  tenta- 
tively, near  S.  leucomamis,  chiefly  on  account  of  the  possession  in  common  of 
body-spots  larger  than  the  pupil.  On  the  contrary,  it  will  be  noted  that  the  critical 
scale  characters  are  cjuite  different  in  these  two  forms,  which  discrepancy  is  ac- 
companied by  a  difference  of  four  in  the  number  of  gill-rak(M-s.  Finally,  two 
individuals  from  Montana  (.S.  spectabilis)  when  placed  in  oiu-  table,  exhibit  rela- 
tionship both  with  ,S.  fontinalis  from  North  Carolina  and  S.  leucomcenis  from 
Nemuro.  However,  when  subjected  to  the  scale-te.st,  this  form  from  IMontana 
shows  no  kinship  with  the  eastern  Brook-trout,  Salvelinus  fantiiKilis.  whil(>  the 
alhance  with  leucomcvnis  (Xemuro)  is  greatly  emphasized. 

76.  [125]  Hucho  perryi(Brevoort).  //o-(«ro  =  String-fi.sh.   (Plate  VIII,  fig.  7,  scale). 
Sahno  perryi  Brevocjkt,  Exped.  Japan,  1856,  273,  pi.  IX,  fig.  1,  (Hakodate). 
Salmo  blackistoni  Hilgendorf,  Monatsber.  Ges.  Ost-asien,  1876,  25,  (Hokkaido). 
A  specimen  of  this  interesting  trout-hke  fish  in  the  Stanford  collection  was 


146  MEMOinS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

obtained  l)y  Professoi-  Otaki  at  Naoetsu  in  Echigo.  A  larger  example  was  examined 
in  the  Lakeside  laboi'atorj'  of  the  University  of  Kyoto.  It  is  not  so  slender  as  the 
one  figured  by  Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  and  the  spots,  though  similarly 
l)Iaeed,  are  moi'e  diffused,  and  not  lunate. 

This  si)ecies  is  .smaller  and  slenderer  than  its  congener,  Hucho  liuchu  of  the 
Danube,  but  otherwise  the  two  species  have  very  much  in  common.  This  "Huchen" 
is  said  to  I'each  a  weight  of  sixty  to  one  hundix'd  pounds. 

Hucho  stands  out  as  very  distinct  from  the  other  SdhiKntidte,  especially  in  its 
dentition,  its  fewer  vertebrne,  and  the  gi'eat  number  of  its  i)yloric  cceca.  It  is  not 
known  to  enter  the  .sea.  It  should  apixu'(>ntly  form  a  .separate  subfamily,  H uclxmince. 

The  following  characters  are  shown  by  the  example  from  Naoetsu:  head  3.33 
in  length  to  end  of  last  vertebra,  depth  5;  eye  6.75  in  head;  maxillary  2;  snout  3.75; 
dei)th  of  caudal  ]ieduncle  2;  height  of  dorsal  1.66;  pectoral  fin  1.75;  dorsal  rays  11, 
anal  rays  10,  pectoial  1-4;  gill-rakers  rather  short  and  stout,  8-1-12  =  20;  branchio- 
stegals  12-12;  pyloric  coeca  157,  short,  densely  imbricated,  the  largest  only  8  mm. 
long  by  1.5  thick.  Scales  105;  pores  in  lateral  line  10!).  Verteln-a>  57  (51-|-6  u])- 
turned,  lie.sides  the  urostyle).  Body  long  and  low,  somewhat  pike-like,  not  much 
comi)re.ssed,  the  mouth  large.  Dentition  j^eculiar;  only  vomer  with  a  short  trans- 
ver.se  .series  of  teeth,  none  on  the  shaft:  the  teeth  continuous  with  the  palatine 
series  of  the  two  sides,  the  whole  forming  an  unbroken  and  nearly  uniform  U-shaped 
.series.  In  other  Saliutitiidce,  the  palatine  teeth  ai'e  interrupted  by  the  presence  of 
the  vomeiine  element.  Scales  relatively  large,  the  entire  surface  marked  with 
concenti'ic  circuli.  al)out  one-seventh  of  those  of  the  concealed  .surface  not  continued 
on  exposed  area,  resulting  in  a  slightly-  A\ider  s])acing  on  this  part.  First  four  or 
five  (central)  circuli  angulate  at  the  i)osterioi'  axis.  The  type  of  scale  is  thus  inter- 
mediate between  Oncurhynchus  and  SalvcUnus.  Caudal  rather  deeply  formed, 
with  acute  lobes:  ventrals  nearly  under  middle  of  doi'sal;  adipose  fin  i-ather  large. 
Head  and  body  rather  profusely  coveretl  with  small  black  sjwts,  few  of  them 
extending  below  latei'al  line  and  most  of  them  not  larger  than  a  scale;  fins  all 
unsjiotted. 

Comparison  of  Genera  of  Sai.mo.md.e  and   Plecoglossid.b. 


Genera. 

Coeca. 

G 

ill-rakers. 

.Anal  Rays. 

Branch  iostegals. 

Scales. 

Vertebrae. 

Oiiciiiln/iitiiiif: .... 
S/ilttiii        

40-2:50 
6.') 

lS-40 
20 

12-16 

9 
10 

11-17 

11 

11 

120-21.5 
120 
120    1110 

62-69 
60 

Triittd    

40-60 

58-60 

Sah'ilitiw 17-21  14-20  S-12  12-1:3  lS.5-2.50  59-65 

Hiirho 157  20  10  12-12  105  57 

Plccoglossvs 368-425  3:^-39  0-17  .5-5  140-165  60-61 


.TOHn.W  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   l'.)22.  147 

Family  PLECOGL088ID.E. 

(By  David  Stahu  Jordan  :ukI  Ernest  Alexander  McGregor.) 

77.     [128]    Plecoglossus  altivelis  Temmiiick  and  Sclilegel.     Aiju;Ko(uju. 

(Plate  VIII.  figs.  10  and  12,  scales). 

Common  tlu-ougliout  .Ia])an  and  Formosa,  ascending  cleai'  sti'eams  fi'om  the 
sea,  spawning  in  the  eaily  fall.  Also  found  land-locked  and  much  dwaifed  in 
Lake  Biwa.     It  is  one  of  the  very  choicest  of  Japanese  food-fishes. 

In  this  genus  the  vertel)ral  column  ends  sciuarely  at  the  has(>  of  the  caudal 
fin,  tlie  tei-minal  veitel)fir  being  neither  reduced  in  size,  nor  turned  upward  (heteio- 
cercal)  as  in  the  SdhiKinldir,  a  fact  finely  shown  in  X-ia.\'  jjhotographs  made  hy 
Mr.  McGregor. 

Our  specimens  are  from  Noo,  Toyama,  Himeji,  Mikawa,  (foui),  and  fiom 
Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu  (dwarf  examples),'-^  locally  known  as  '^Koayii."  Specimens  of 
Ayu  from  Formosa  seem  to  be  identical  with  the  ordinary  foi-m. 

Gill-rakers  41;  dorsal  rays  11;  anal  rays  15.  The  scales  are  decidedly  longei- 
on  the  dorso-veiitial  axis,  at  whicli  line  the  cii-cuii  bend  sharply.  Branchiostegals 
typically  5-5  (larely  4-4);  anal  rays  about  14;  gill-i-akei-s  about  30;  jjyloric  ca^-a 
about  388;  vertebia^  6()-61;  scales  in  linear  series  just  above  lateial  line  aljout  Kil ; 
scales  comprising  lateral  line  about  02.  Scales  structuially  as  follows:  decidedly 
broadest  on  transverse  axis;  fiist  four  or  five  circuli  with  segments  lying  nearly 
straight  and  parallel  behind  the  focus,  which  is  comjiressed  ellii)tical;  balance  of 
circuli  tangentially  deflected  i)osteriad;  major  poition  of  exposed  area  (wliich  is 
noi-mally  ampler  than  concealed  area)  not  bearing  circuli  (juvenile  individuals 
excepted);  outline  of  scale  concave  laterad  of  focus.  Mostly  two  and  thi'ee  yeais 
old.  The  breeding  males  have  the  exposed  surface  of  each  scale  usually  bearing 
three  cone-shaped  warty  processes  (pearl-organs). 

The  following  table  contains  a  summary  of  the  more  important  anatomic-il 
characters  shown  by  our  material: 


Branch!..-    .         __^^^^,  ^  Scales  along  cill-rakcrs.  Pyloric  coeca.  Vertebra-, 

stcgals.  lateral  line. 


Range 

4:4-5:5 

9-17 

149-165 

3:3-40 

36S-425 

60-61 

Mean 

5:5 

14.4 

1       161.4 

36 

3S8 . 3  ^° 

60.5 

"^  These  have  siH-rakcrs  :i.'),  anal  rays  14,  and  scales  in  lateral  series  152.     In  the  lot  are  sonic  ripe 
males  between  2.75  and  '.i  inches  long. 

^"  Only  three  counts  as  follows:    36S;  372;  425. 


148 


MKMOIKS  OF  THK  CARNEGIIO  MX'SKUM. 


The  l)i-('c(liiii;-  ihmIcs  of  l'l(C(i(/los><us  uiKlci't^o  a  vcfy  marked  iiui)tial  transfor- 
mation involving  chiefly  the  dermal  ai'mature  and  tlie  fins.  Wai'ty  growths,  called 
"pearl-organs,"  or  "nuptial  tubercles,"  d(>velop  on  the  scales  and  also  overlie  the 
fin-rays,  especially  on  the  anal  fin.  This  imi)arts  to  the  fish  a  conspicuously 
roughened  a])pearance.  Acc()m])anying  this  is  a  veiy  noticeable  enhancement  of 
the  size  of  the  fins.  To  I'eveal  this  we  a])|)('nd  the  measurements  of  a  vi\H'  female, 
of  a  ri])e  male,  and  of  an  mu-ipe  male  of  e(iual  length. 


Lengtli  of 
Pectoral. 


LengLli  of 
Dor.-^al. 


Length  of 
Ventral. 


Length  of 
Anal. 


Length  ol 
Anal  Base. 


Length  of 
Maxillary. 


RipG  Male 

17.8" 

20.5 

17.2 

11  ;? 

18.0 

11.7 

Unripe  Male 

14.0 

16.6 

11.2 

12.7 

12.4 

12.6 

Ripe  Female 

14.8 

17.6 

11.0 

12.8 

14.4 

12.1 

The  lengtli  of  tlie  maxillary  of  tlie  male,  whicli  with  most  of  the  Salmonid 
fishes  is  augmented  at  maturity,  would  a])])ear  to  undergo  a  reverse  process  in 
PlecoyloHsus  as  our  nuptial  males  invariably  possess  the  shoiiest  maxillaries. 
Another  conspicuous  nuptial  development  concerns  the  anal  fin.  The  base  of  this 
fin  in  the  spawning  male  becomes  lengthened  by  about  half  its  original  basal 
length  (although  the  radial  length  ai)pears  actually  to  shorten  slightly).  At  the 
base  of  the  first  anal  rays  a  doul>le  series  of  enlargc^d,  imbricated  scales  partially 
conceals  this  portion  of  the  fin.  These  peculiar  scales  in  reality  are  free  cuticular 
outgrowths  on  the  ex]:)osed  surface  of  the  underlying  true  scales.  This  nuptial 
transformation  may  occur  at  different  ages,  as  evidenced  by  a  male  two  and  three- 
quarters  of  an  inch  long  from  Lake  Biwa  (one  year  old)  and  our  No.  43  from  Mikawa 
Bay  in  its  third  year. 

In  an  article  ])ul)lislied  in  Jai)anese  a  few  years  ago  by  Professor  T.  Kagiya 
the  writer  states  that  it  is  usual  for  the  Ayii  to  mature,  spawn,  and  die  in  its  first 
y(>ar.  We  liave  made  a  careful  study  of  scales  from  several  of  the  aliove  Ayu  from 
different  localities  in  .Ia])an  with  reference  to  age.  Our  diagnosis  was  coi'roborated 
by  Mr.  Hul)bs.  For  niii(>  tyiiical  fish  the  results  were  as  follows:  in  th(>  first 
year,  one;  in  second  year,  two;  in  third  year,  fiv(>;  in  fourth  year,  one.  Nothing 
resembling  the  spawning-mark  of  trout  was  seen  in  any  of  our  scales.  This  sug- 
gests the  occurrence  of  but  one  si)awning  for  the  Ayu,  followed  l)y  the  death  of 
the  individual  as  in  Oncorhynchus. 

Following  is  a  cond(>nsed  translation  jjy  M.  Kasawa,  of  Professor  Kagiya's 
account  of  the  life-history  of  tlu>  .1//;/,  in  Jai)an: 


'ereeiitaiie  of  total  leliiith  of  I'i.sli. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  149 

''The  Ayu  is  strictly  a  rivci-fisli.  The  sixiwnins,  which  covers  a  period  of 
about  two  months,  takes  place  in  August  and  September.  The  actual  locations 
chosen  for  spawninji  ai'e  cleai'  i:)ools  betw(>en  one  and  two  feet  deep,  with  sandy 
bottoms,  near  tlie  l)ank  of  the  stream.  Tlie  females  average  about  o(),()()0  ova, 
and  these  are  deposited  in  the  sand  on  the  bottom,  usually  during  late  afternoon 
or  evening. 

"Tlie  eggs  hatcli  in  about  three  weeks  and  the  young  fish  migrate  downstream 
to  bi-ackish  water  (al)()Ut  late  September  and  Octolx'r)  where  they  remain  about 
two  months.  Following  the  feeding  period  in  the  estuary,  by  wliicli  time  they 
have  grown  to  about  two  or  three  inches,  they  again  migi-ate  fai-  u])  to  the  head- 
waters. Here  in  the  cold  clear  tributaries  they  feed  on  diatoms,  moss,  and  other 
aquatic  plants  through  the  spring  and  summer;  and  grow  to  maturity.  The  ascend- 
ing Ayu  are  called  Nohori  Ayu. 

"With  the  advent  of  late  summer  the  development,  l)oth  as  to  size  and  se.xual 
maturity,  is  greatly  hastened.  Preparatory  to  spawning  the  mature  fish  undergo 
a  downstream  migration  to  their  spawning  giouiids  in  tlie  middle  reaches  of  the 
river.  These  mature  migrating  fish  are  called  the  Kiidddi  Ayu  or  Descending  Ayu. 
The  ripe  fish  take  on  a  rusty  color  just  before  spawning  time. 

"Nearly  all  the  adult  fish  die  after  spawning,  but  the  writer  believes  that  a 
small  number  survive  and  persist  another  year.  To  these  alleged  survivors  the 
name  Tomari  Ayu  (Ronaining  Ayu)  is  applied. 

"There  is  great  mortality  among  the  young  Ayu,  especially  following  hatch- 
ing, due  to  the  activity  of  predatory  species  of  catfish,  carp,  and  other  dace. 

"The  Ayu  occasionally  reaches  the  length  of  a  foot  or  moi'e  and  a  weight  of 
one  and  one-fjuartcM-  jiound.     It  does  not  occur  in  Hokkaido. 

"In  a  recent  season  six  jirovinces  mai'keted  Ayu  witli  an  aggregate  value  of 
167,000  yen."  ($83,500). 

It  is  a  singular  fact,  that  abundant  as  are  the  Coregonida'  and  ThyniuUidtv  in 
Eastern  Siberia,  no  sjiecimen  of  either  family  has  been  found  in  Japan. 

Family  OSMERID.E. 

78.   [129]  Osmerus  dentex  Steindachner.    A' ////r/-»»v;  =  Cucumber-fish. 
One  specimen  from  Kushiro,  Hokkaido.    (Tanaka.) 

79.   [129A]  Spirinchus  lanceolatus  (Ilikida). 
Osmerus  dentex  Franz,  Abh.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Vol.  I,  Su])i)l.  4,  1910,  p.  G,  pi.  3, 

fig.  5  (not  of  Steindachner),  young,  from  Misaki. 
Osmerus  lanceolatus  Hikida,  Zool.  Mag.,  XXV,  1913,  p.  127,  \)\. 


150  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

We  have  not  seen  Hikida's  description  (which  we  quote  from  the  Zoological 
Record),  but  hnv(>  a  specimen  labelled  "Osmerus  lanceoialm,''  a  nuptial  male, 
134  mm.  long  to  caudal  fin,  from  Iburi,  Hokkaido,  presented  to  Dr.  Jordan  by 
Dr.  Tamiji  Kawamura.  Tt  undoubtedly  belongs  to  the  genus  Spirinchus  Jordan 
and  Evermann.  Five  other  specimens,  representing  both  sexes  in  the  Ijreeding 
condition,  were  taken  in  Kushiro  by  Tanaka. 

The  characters  of  Spirinchus  lanccolcUus  are  as  follows:  Dorsal  rays,  2,  8 
(2,  9  in  one  specimen);  anal  rays,  4,  Ki  (3  or  4,  15  or  16);  pectorals,  11(11  or  12); 
ventrals,  8  (constant);  scales  7-62  to  65-8  to  10;  length  of  head  to  end  of  opercular 
membrane,  4.35  (4.4  to  4.6)  in  length  to  caudal  base;  dejith  of  body,  5.3  (to  5.4  in 
males;  4.65  to  5.0  in  lipe  females);  least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  3.0  in  head  (3.0 
to  3.2);  snout,  4.5  (4.4  to  4.6);  upper  jaw,  2.1  (2.0  to  2.15)  not  longer  in  male  than 
in  femak';  mandible,  1.95  (1.8  to  2.0);  orbit,  4.5  (4.2  to  4.6);  eye  5.6  in  breeding 
male,  larger  in  females;  fleshy  interorbital,  3.35  (male);  bony  interorbital,  4.6  (4.2 
to  4.7).  Body  of  bleeding  male  oblong,  the  greatest  deyjth  being  almost  evenly 
maintained  from  tlie  slioulders  to  the  anal  fin,  l)ehind  which  point  the  ventral 
contour  rises  rather  sharply  to  the  faii'ly  slender  caudal  i)eduncle;  females  moi'e 
trimly  foi'med.  In  both  sexes  the  head  is  rather  massive,  and  blunt  anteriorly; 
ventral  contour  curved  rather  sharply  upward  to  tip  of  the  projecting  mandible; 
dorsal  contour  much  flatter,  weakly  concave  behind  eyes,  but  a  little  convex  on 
snout.  Tip  of  mandible  on  level  of  middle  of  eye,  tip  of  premaxillaries  somewhat 
higher.  Interorbital  space  weakly  convex;  suborbital  narrower  than  the  upper 
jaw,  which  has  a  concave  upper  border  and  a  ti])  more  I'ounded  dorsally  than 
venti'ally;  maxillary  extending  to  below  posterioi'  border  of  eye.  Bi'anchiostegals 
4-3;  gill-i'akers,  11  +  26  =  37,  the  longest,  l.()  in  orbit.  Pyloric  cceca  four,  of  very 
untHjual  length.  Teeth  weak  for  a  Smelt;  tongue  covered  with  strong,  but  rather 
short,  teeth,  of  whicli  four  or  five  around  the  tip  are  somewhat  enlarged,  scarcely 
canine-like.  Other  teeth  arranged  in  single  file,  those  of  premaxillary  and  mandible 
of  moderate  size,  rather  close-set;  those  of  maxillary  very  fine;  those  of  vomer, 
palatines,  and  j^terygoids  very  small  canines;  each  side  of  the  vomer  and  each 
palatine  bone  with  four  or  five  of  these  teeth. 

Breeding  males  are  all  very  daik  in  color,  dusky  above  the  blackish 
lateral  stripe,  which  extends  along  and  just  above  the  lateral  line;  scale-margins 
ventrally  dark;  to])  of  head  dai'k,  becoming  blackish  on  the  snout,  rest  of  heatl 
heavily  punctate  with  l)lack;  dorsal  fin  dusky,  l)lackish  on  the  front  edge;  adipose 
pale;  caudal  blackish  throughout;  anal  black  on  basal  half;  ventrals  dusky,  with 
dark  specks  medially;  pectorals  dark,  blackisli  on  uppei'  l)()rder.  F(>males  pale  in 
color,  showing  the  same  markings. 


JORDAN  AM)  HUBBS:  .lAPANF^SE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  151 

111  the  I)rc'edin}2;  male  \hv  entire  liead  and  body,  and  hotli  sides  of  all  the  fins 
except  tlu'  caudal  and  adipose'  are  thickly  covered  with  small  warty  pearl-organs, 
not  represented  in  the  females,  even  liy  rudiments.  The  skin  is  everywhere  turgitl, 
the  scales  being  i)articularly  soft  and  thick.  The  lower  fins  are  greatly  expanded 
and  lengthened  in  the  breeding  male;  the  pectorals  reaching  to  within  less  than  the 
length  of  the  eye  from  the  insertion  of  the  ventral  fins,  which  in  turn  extend  to 
(or  nearly  to)  the  origin  of  the  anal,  each  fin  being  nearly  as  long  as  the  head;  the 
anal,  when  de])ressetl,  reaches  to  the  root  of  the  lower  caudal  rays,  and  its  longest 
rays  are  contained  l.(i  to  1.7  times  in  the  head.  The  membranes  of  these  lower 
fins  are  widened  and  the  rays  thickenetl,  so  that  the  fins  are  spread  in  fan-like 
fashion.  In  the  females  each  of  the  lower  fins  falls  short  of  the  next  fin  by  a  dis- 
tance about  ('([Ual  to  the  length  of  the  eye,  and  the  highest  anal  ray  is  only  two- 
fifths  as  long  as  the  head.  <  )ur  l)reeding  males  are  134  to  14S  mm.  long  to  caudal 
fin;  rii)e  females  129  to  13{)  mm. 

(!enus  Hypomesus  CJill. 

The  g(>neric  name/////>o///r.s7/.s  ( lill  under  the  ])resent  rules  shoukl  be  adopted 
in  preference  to  Mcsopus  Ciill,  given  to  the  same  group  on  tlu'  preceding  page,  but 
left  as  a  tyjjogi'aphical  error  (failure  to  com])letely  correct  j^roof). 

80.    |13()|  Hypomesus  olidus  (Pallas).     Tr(//,7/.sv;f//=  Pond-smelt. 

Lake  Kawaguchi,  (Ma.sashi  Ishikawa);  Lake  Yamaiiaka  (neai'  Fuji-san); 
Nagano  (Nakano);  Lake  Suwa  (Ota);  Lake  Suwa  (.Jordan);  Lake  Mikata;  Fukui, 
Akita,  Aomori,  (Be])pu);  Iwate  (Awaya);  Lake  Kasumigaura  (Hattori). 

It  is  not  entirely  clear  that  Sdlnii)  iiHjhtKjIiKsch  Walbaum  can  be  identified 
with  this  species,  foi-  which  Pallas'  name  oliduti  may  appai'ently  b(>  retained. 

Hi/ponicKus  (ilidiis  differs  shar})ly  from  H)jj)<>mcf!iis  prctio^us  of  California  in 
the  smaller  size  of  the  scales  (there  Ix'ing  fifty-four  to  sixty-two  rather  than  about 
seventy  in  the  course  of  the  lateral  line);  in  the  more  anterioi'  ])osition  of  the 
ventral  fins  in  refeix'iice  to  th(>  dorsal,  the  ventral  insertion  being  usually  in  advance 
of,  instead  of  a  little  beliind,  the  vertical  from  th(>  origin  of  the  dorsal;  in  the  much 
larger  size  of  all  the  fins;  in  the  darker  color;  and  in  the  habit  of  spawning  in  fresh- 
water ponds,  rather  than  in  the  surf  of  the  sea. 

The  other  sjjecies  known  from  ,]-A\rdn,  IInpoDiesiis  japdiiiciis  [Osnirrits  oln/iidan 
Kner),  differs  from  Il.dlidus  and  i-esembles  H.  pretiosus  in  all  of  the  characters 
listed  above,  with  the  exception  of  the  size  of  the  scales,  which  is  intermediate, 
and  po.ssibly  of  the  breeding  habits,  which  have  not  been  recorded  for//,  juponicus. 

Hypomesus  ulidus  and  H.  pretiosus  agree  with  one  another  and  with  the  species 


152  MKMOIUS  OF  THK  CARNE(iIE  MUSEUM. 

of  Osnicru^  and  Pkcoglossus  in  liavino-  the  head,  body,  and  fms  in  the  breeding 
male  ahiiost  completely  rovcicd  with  minute  wai'ty  i)earl-organs,  and  the  fins 
thickened  and  enlarged. 

//.  olidus  ranges  from  the  lakes  of  central  Ja])an  northward  thi-oiigh  Kam- 
chatka and  southern  Alaska  to  the  Arctic  shores  of  North  America. 

We  have  compared  series  fiom  the  different  lakes  of  Japan,  but  fail  to  find 
any  consistent  differences.  The  dorsal  rays  vary  from  8  to  10,  of  which  2  or  3  are 
simple;  the  anal  rays  from  15  to  18,  3  or  4  unbranched;  the  scales  along  lateral 
line  to  caudal  base,  from  54  to  G2.  ( hiv  lai'gest  male  is  12()  nmi.  long  to  the  caudal 
fin;  the  largest  female,  113  mm.  long.  The  specimens  from  the  southerimiost 
locality,  Lake  Suwa,  are  dwarfed,  but  not  otherwise  different. 

We  may  note  here  that  the  records  of  Osmerus  thaleichthya  from  the  Xushagak 
River,  Alaska,  which  have  several  times  appeared  in  reports^^'  refer  to  the  present 
species,  as  we  have  determined  by  a  re-examination  of  the  material  involved. 
Spirinchus  thakichthya  is  therefore  to  l)e  ehminated  fiom  the  lists  of  Alaskan  fishes. 

81.   [131]  Hypomesus  japonicus  (Brevoort). 

We  identify  with  this  species  two  specimens  taken  by  Tanaka  at  Kushiro, 
Hokkaido. 

Dorsal  rays,  10  (two  simple);  anal,  14  or  15  (three  unbi'anched) ;  the  last  ray 
counted  as  branched  from  base.  Scales  to  caudal  base,  66  to  68.  Ventral  fin 
inserted  a  little  behind  the  dorsal  origin. 

Hypomesus  japonicus  seems  to  be  most  closely  related  to  H.  prctiosus,  with 
which  it  is  compared  in  the  account  of  the  preceding  species.  It  is  probably  the 
western  representative  of  that  form  ranging  from  Jai:)an  nortliward  to  Kamchatka. 
Material  from  the  latter  region  (collected  at  Petr()i)avlovsk)  was  erroneously  iden- 
tified l)y  Jordan  and  Gilbert-'"  with  Mesopus  oUdus. 

Family  ARGENTINID.E. 

82.   [133]  Argentina  semifasciata  Kishinouye.    A' u//.s(/  =  Second  Gisu. 

Toyama;  Xoo,  (Xiigata). 
Our  seven  specimens  are  all  from  the  Sea  of  Ja])an. 

•■'■'' (lilhert.  Kept.  U.  S.  Fish  C'dinm.,  1S93,  (lS9,'i),  p.  400.— Jonhin  anil  Kvermann,  Bull.  U.  S,  N. 
M.,  XLVII,  pt.  1,  1890,  |).  .V22.— .Ionian  and  Gilbert,  Kept.  Fur  Seal  Inves.,  Ill,  189S,  p.  440.— Everniann 
and  tioldslK.rough,  Bull.  Bur.  Fish.,  XXVI,  1906  (1907),  p.  40  (not  figure). 

"'  Kept.  Fur  Seal  Invest.,  Ill,  1S9S,  p.  440. 


JORDAN"  AXD  Hl'BBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   l!t2'2.  153 

Family  SALAXGID.E. 

83.    [135]    Salangichthys  microdon  (Bleeker)."    *S7im(-(/(ro  =  White-fish. 

Aomori  (Beppu) ;  Lake  Kasumigaura  (Hattori) ;  Yamada  (T.suchiga). 

84.   [136]  Parasalanx  ariakensis  (Kishinom'e). 
By  re-examining  the  paratyjx'  of  this  species  we  are  able  to  confirm  Osliima's'" 
reference  of  this  species  to  Pnrasalanx. 

85.   [Extraterr.]  Hemisalanx  prognathos  Regan. 
A  breeding  pair  recei^'ed  from  Soo-chow,  China  (Gee). 

Family  GOXORHYXC^HID.E. 
86.   [137]  Gonorhynchus  abbreviatus  Teniniiiiek  and  Schlegel. 
Nezumi-gisu  =  Rat -Qjif^ii. 
One  specimen,  Alikawa  Bay  (ISI.  Ishikawa). 

Head.  4.25  in  length  to  caudal;  depth.  8.7;  pectoral  fin,  5.7.  Eye,  4.65  in  head; 
.snout,  2.45;  intcrorhital,  4.25.     Dorsal  rays,  2.8;  anal,  2.6;  .scales,  21-166-16. 

Family  AULOPID.E. 
* 

87.   [138]  Hime  japonica  (Giuither).    ///we  =  Princess. 

Ten  specimens  from  Misaki  (Aoki). 

The  species,  liitherto  called  Aulopus  japonicus,  differs  from  Aulopus  in  im- 
portant respects,  and  is  the  type  of  the  genus  Hi»ic  Starks.  (Gopeia,  ]\Iarch  29, 
1924,  p.  30.) 

Family  ASTROXESTHID.E. 

88.   [144]  Astronesthes  iijimai  Tanaka.     ro/L'«(/c-/»u/(;/L«  =  Xaked  Lizard. 

We  have  fourteen  specimens  of  this  deep-sea  fi.sh,  collected  b}-  Owston  in  the 
Sagami  Sea,  and  eleven  taken  by  Aoki  at  Misaki. 

The  species  needs  to  be  compared  with  the  Indian  A.  iiKuicnsi  and  tlie  Hawaiian 
A.  lucifcr. 

The  i:)hotophores  in  our  material  of  Astro7iesthes  iiji/iiai  vary  as  follows: 
operculars  2;  branchiostegals  18  to  21;  juguhars  S;  upper  tlioiacics  (to  ventral  fin) 
18  or  19;  lower  thoracics  22,  the  thhd  and  fourth  opposite  the  j^ectoral  bases; 
upper  ventrals,  21  or  22,  a  few  overlapping  the  front  of  anal  base;  the  lower  ventrals 
21  to  23,  4  (rarely  3)  opposite  or  before  ventral  bases,  the  last  2  opposite  anal  base 
(counted  by  Gilbert  and  Tanaka  as  the  first  two  of  the  anal  series) ;  anals  7  or  8, 
the  last  one  to  four  variously  elevated;  caudals  4  or  5. 

'^  We  have  not  compared  our  material  with  the  descriptions  (in  Japanese)  of  Sahuigirhthi/s  kishi- 
nouyei  and  >S.  ishikaiva:  Wakiya  and  Takahashi  (Zool.  Mag.,  XX\',  liUS.  pp.  .").t1-.5.").")). 
^*  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  XII,  1919,  p.  174. 


154  MEMOIRS  OK  TIllO  CAKNECilE  MUSEUM. 

Family  AIAUROTJCID.E. 

89.   |145]  Maurolicus  pennanti  (Walbiuim).-'"   A' //(//■/ =  ('u('UiHl)('r. 

Five  si)t'cimens  from  Toyaina,  Sea  of  Ja])aii,  ( Yoshizawa). 

\Vc  find  the  following  photo]ihoi'es  present  in  these  examples:  one  before  and 
one  behind  middle  of  eye;  on(^  before  and  one  behind  preopercular  angle;  six  in 
branchiostegal  series;  one  on  chin  (on  each  side);  six  on  isthmns;  nine  of  ii'regular 
shape  in  the  series  from  pectoral  base  to  above  anal  oi'igin;  twelve  from  isthmus 
to  venti-al  fin;  two  behind  ventral  fin,  and  then  a  series  of  four  from  between  these 
to  anal  origin;  one  above  anal  origin  over  the  gaj)  between  the  venti-al  and  anal 
series;  fourt(>en  to  sixteen  anals,  tlie  last  nai'rowly  sei)arated  from  first  of  the  eight 
or  nine  paiicd  postanals;  last  postanal  median. 

Two  specimens  from  the  Mediteri-anean  Sea  at  Messina  agree  exactly  in  the 
numbei-  and  ari'angement  of  the  pliotoi)hores. 

Family  SYXODONTID.E. 

90.   |lolA]  Synodus  fuscus  Tanaka. 
Tanaka  has  lately  described   thire   new   species  of   Synodus  from   Japan. "^ 
From  a  translation  of  his  paper  and  a  study  of  one  specimen  of  S.  fuscus  we  have 
prepared  the  following: 

Key  to  the  .lArAXESE  Species  of  .Sy.nodl's. 

n.  Srak's  relatively  small,  al>iiut  05  in  lateral  line japonicua. 

aa.  Scales  larsor,  4.5  to  55  in  lateral  line. 

b.   Eye  niiK-h  shorter  than  the  sharp  snout,  about  (i  to  7  in  head;  ilorsal,  11  or  12:  anal  '.•  or  10. 

fuscus. 

bb.   Eye  ahout  as  long  as  snout,  4  to  4.5  in  liead. 

f.   Dor.=al  rays,   12;  anal,    1 1 ;  scales,   52 macropit. 

rr.   Dorsal  rays.  1:3;  anal,  9;  scales,  55 hoKhinoms. 

The  following  is  the  substance  of  the  original  description  of  SyruicJus  fuscus: 
Head,  3.5;  dc]ith,  7;  eye,  (3.25;  intei-orbital  width,  6;  snout,  3.8;  depth  of  caudal 
peduncle,  0.  Dor.sal  rays,  11;  anal  rays,  10;  pectoral,  12;  ventral,  8.  Scales  3.5- 
53-5.5.  Snout  about  half  longer  than  the  eye.  Ventral  fin  inserted  a  little  in  ad- 
vance of  dorsal  oi'igin;  ti])  of  pectoral  reaching  ventral  inseition;  caudal  emarginate. 
Color  greenish,  the  lower  side  whitish,  marked  on  the  sitles  with  nine  indistinct 
blotches;  dorsal  also  marked;  jx'ctoral  dark,  ventral  and  anal  white;  maigin  of 
caudal  dark.    Tokyo  market. 

^'  We  do  not  have  at  hand  the  description  of  MaiiroUrus  jdponirus  Ishikawa  (.Jour.  Coll.  .\jiric.,  VI, 
1915,  pp.  lS.3-191,  2  pis.). 

^"  Zool.  Mag.,  XXIX,  No.  34U,  19UJ,  pp.  37-38. 


JORDAN   AND  HT'BBS:  .JAPANESf:  FISHKS  rOLLECTED   1022.  1").") 

Our  single  specimen  of  Si/nodu^i  fuscits  (collected  by  Mastislii  Isliikawa  in  the 
Bay  of  Mikawa)  shows  the  following  characters:  Head,  3.8;  depth,  7.4:  eye.  (i.fi; 
interorbital,  8.5;  snout,  4.0;  (l('i)tli  of  caudiil  jieduncle,  ,").().  I^orsal,  12;  anal.  0; 
scales  4-52-6. 

91.   |148A]  Saurida  grandisquamis  (Uhitiier. 

Saini'da  gi-andit^qiiann's  CiDnthek,  Cat.  Fishes  Bi'it.  AIus.,  V,  18t)4,  [).  400, 
(Loui.siades,  Cliinthei')  Fische  der  Slidsee,  IIF  1909,  ]>.  377. — Webek  and 
DE  Beaufort,  Fi.shes  Indo-Austral.  Arch.,  II,  1913,  p.  141. — Fowler  and 
Bean,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  INI.,  LXII,  1922,  3  (Sept.). 

Saurida  inacrolcpis  Tanaka,  Zool.  Mag.,  XXIX,  1916,  39. 

Tanaka's  accovuit  of  Saurida  tiiacrolcpis  agrees  .so  well  with  the  descriptions 

of  Saurida  (/randis<iua)iiis  noted  above,  that  we  accejit  the  two  as  i)i'ol)al)ly  identical. 

The  specimens  described  by  Fowler  and  Bean  came  from  Formosa. 

92.   [149]  Saurida  argyrophanes  (Ivichardson).     Eso. 
Mi.saki  (Aoki);  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya):  Tokyo  and  Kobe  markets  (.Jordan). 
Scales  48  to  52  between  gill-opening  and  end  of  last  vertebi-a.     Pectoral  fin 
reaching  to  abo\-e  insertion  of  venti-al.     Adijiose  e>'elid  not  very  wide  or  thick. 

93.   1 150]  Saurida  eso  Jordan  and  Herre.     rf//,v/(/(w.s7;  =  Lizard-Eso. 

Tokyo  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan);  ^Nlikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Toyama 
(Yoshizawa);  ]\Iiyazu,  Xcjo.  We  have  also  examined  a  specimen  of  this  species 
collected  by  the  late  Professor  W;dter  Fong  at  Hong  Kong,  China. 

Scales  5  or  6 — 61  to  63  (to  caudal  base) — 7. 

Weber  and  de  Beaufort"'  refer  both  S.  argi/rophaiK  s  and  N.  eso  to  the  synonymy 
of  Saurida  iumhil  (Bloch).  We  are  not  i)i-epai'ed  to  identify  eithei-  of  these  ( 'hinese- 
Japanese  species  with  N.  tuird)il.  and  are  certain  that  they  diffei-  fi'om  one  another. 
Saurida  eso  has  the  scales  constantly  smallei-;  the  pectoral  fin  shorter,  not  reaching 
the  ventral  inseition;  and  the  adipose  eyelid  wider  and  thickei'.  It  als()  attains  a 
lai'ger  size. 

This  important  species  is  valued  in  the  preparation  of  "k.amoboku." 

94.   [152]  Trachinocephalus  myops  (Foi'ster).    0/,?'-r.vo  =  ( )ff-shore  Eso. 

Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Tokyo  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan); 
Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Miyazu,  Misaki  (Aoki). 

"  The  Fishes  of  the  ludo-Australiaii  Archiiiclago,  II,  191:5,  p.  142. 


15(5  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  f'ARXEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  MYCTOPHID.E. 

95.  Diaphus  latus  Gilbert. 
Diaphiis  bitus  Gilbert,  Mem.  Gar.  Mu.s.,  VI,  1913,  95,  pi.  XIII.  fij;-.  1. 

This  species  may  lirovisionally  he  i-ctaiiicd  in  the  ^ciiu.s.  Dinphus,  \w\u\\w^  a 
comparative  study  of  the  known  species. 

Three  specimens  were  obtained  at  Misaki  (Aoki). 

The  photoi)hores  are  like  those  of  the  type  in  all  essential  respects,  the  only 
significant  deviations  affecting  the  anals.  First  anal  as  near  as,  or  not  much 
farther  from,  the  second  than  is  the  third,  the  interspace  being  decidedly  less  than 
that  between  third  and  fifth  organs  of  the  series;  last  antero-anal  but  little  elevated 
on  one  side  of  one  si)ecimen. 

Genus  Lami'rossa  Joi'dan  and  Ilubbs  gen.  nov. 

This  genus  agrees  with  Diaphus,  as  now  restiieted,  in  all  essential  respects, 
except  the  develoimient  of  light  organs  about  the  eye.  These  are  well  described 
by  Gilbert  as  follows: 

"A  well-develoi)ed  supra-orbital  luminous  body,  ....  in  the  form  of  a  narrow 
streak  along  the  upper  border  of  the  orbit,  not  extending  behind  the  pupil;  a  small 
sujx'rior  pre-orl)ital,  in  its  usual  position  above  the  nostril;  a  third  luminous  body 
occu])ying  the  position  of  l)oth  suborbital  and  inferior  jireorbital,  extending  on 
tlie  inferior  border  of  the  eye  to,  oi'  Ix'yond,  the  middle  of  the  orbit,  becoming 
abruptly  narrowed  beneath  front  of  eye  and  sending  a  narrow  upward  extension 
nearly  to  level  of  the  superior  ]ire-orl)ital." 

Type:    Diaphus  antcorbitalis  Gilbert. 

A  Hawaiian  species,  Diaphus  adcnamus  Gilbert,  aii]iroaclu>s  Lamprossa  in  the 
develojiment  of  orbital  photophores,  and  may  for  the  present  be  referred  to  this 
genus. 

96.   [156B|  Lamprossa  anteorbitalis  (CJilbert). 

Diaphus  anteorbitalis  Gilbkrt,  Mem.  Gar.  Mus.,  \T,  1913,  p.  92,  pi.  XII,  fig.  1. 

Six  specimens  wei'e  taken  by  Aoki  at  Misaki.  They  agree  well  with  the  types 
in  the  disposition  and  number  of  the  jihotojihores,  the  only  point  of  deviation 
being  the  height  of  the  first  antero-anal.  This  photophore  may  occupy  any  posi- 
tion between  the  horizontals  from  the  lower  and  the  middle  supei'o-anals. 

Genus  Pantopiios  Jordan  and  liubbs,  gen.  nov. 

We  separate  this  genus  from  Diaphus,  as  the  type  species  has  glandular  bodies 
connected  not  only  with  the  suprai)ectoral  photophore,  but  also  with  nearly  all 


JOKDAX  AND   IllBBS:  JArAXKSE  FISHES  COLLECTED   lil22.  157 

of  the  other  Ught-organs  on  the  side  of  the  body.  The  antorbital  photoi)hore  is 
confined  to  a  cavity  above*  the  nostril,  and  is  directed  forward,  as  in  several  species 
of  Diaplius,  but  there  is  also  characteristically  developed  a  large  suborbital  photo- 
phore,  located  on  the  lower  orbital  margin. 

The  type  s])ecies.  Diaphn-s  glandulifer  (lilbert,  alone  is  known. 

97.   [15(JC]  Pantophos  glandulifer  (dilbeit.) 
Diaphus  ijhuuhdifcr  Gilbert,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1913,  p.  90,  pi.  XI,  fig.  2. 
One  specimen  from  ]\Iisaki,  (Aoki). 

Dorsal  rays,  15;  anal,  16;  pectoral,  11  or  12;  ventral,  8;  scales,  36;  head  .29  and 
eye  .08  of  total  length.  Photophores  arranged  exactly  as  indicated  liy  Gilbert, 
and  of  the  same  number,  with  the  exception  that  there  are  six  postero-anals  on 
one  side. 

98.   [159A]   Nyctimaster  jordani  (Gilbert). 
Type  from  the  east  coast  of  the  Hokkaido. 

Family  ARIID.E. 

99.   [162A]   Netuma  osakae  Jordan  and  Kasawa,  sp.  nov. 
(Plate  IX.  Fig.  1.) 

Type,  a  specimen  37.5  cm.  long  to  caudal  fin,  found  by  Jordan  and  Yania- 
inoto  in  the  fish-market  at  Osaka  (Car.  Mus.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7S()8.) 

This  species  differs  widely  from  the  common  East  Indian  form,  Xetuina 
thalassina.  the  only  species  hitherto  recognized  in  the  genus,  in  having  the  top  of 
the  head  covered  with  smooth  skin,  the  granular  bony  area  being  chiefly  resti'icted 
to  the  median  jwrtion  of  the  occipital  process.  The  snout  is  more  bluntly  rounded, 
when  viewed  fi'om  alcove,  in  A\  osaka\  and  the  body  is  a  little  deeper,  although 
the  caudal  peduncle  is  slenderer;  the  fins  are  lower.  The  differences  in  i)i()iK)i-tion 
are  indicated  by  the  following  comparison  of  the  type  of  .¥.  osahc  with  a  Pliilijiiiine 
specimen  of  A',  thalassina  of  comparable  size. 

Nfluma  thalassina  Xt-tuina  osaka- 

\Vidtli  of  granular  area  on  occipital  i)rocpss  in  length  of  process 1.4 ().0 

Length  of  snout  in  head 2 .  .5 2.7 

Depth  of  body  in  length 4.G 4.0 

Depth  of  caudal  peduncle 4.0 4.6 

Length  of  dorsal  sjMne  in  head 1 .  (i 1 .  S 

Length  of  longest  dorsal  ray  in  head 1 . 3.5 1.0 

Length  of  longest  anal  ray 2.4 2 .  S 

Length  of  ventral  fin  in  head 1 .  .5 2.1 

This  is  the  first  Sea-catfish  to  be  definitely  recorded  from  Ja])an,  Thunberg's 
type  of  Silurus  maculatus  {Arius  maculatus)  having  perhaps  come  from  China. 


158  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Body  rather  robust,  highest  at  front  of  dorsal  fin,  wedge-shaped  anteriorly  to 
the  snout,  which  is  sharjjly  point(Ml,  when  viewed  from  the  side,  but  very  broadly 
rounded,  when  viewcnl  fiom  above;  behind  the  deepest  point  the  contours  are 
gently  convex  to  the  caudal  j^eduncle,  which  is  narrow  medially,  but  aljruptly 
expanded  at  base  of  caudal  fin.  Head  3.2  times  in  length  to  caudal;  its  width 
about  two-thirds  its  length  and  one-fourth  greater  than  its  extreme  depth,  and 
much  narrower  than  the  l)ody  is  deep  (in  thalassina  width  of  head  and  depth  of 
body  about  ecjual).  Orbit  7  in  head;  greatest  interorbital  width  2.1.  Top  of  head 
covered  with  smooth  skin;  weak  granulations  appearing  only  in  a  small  patch  on 
each  side  of  occiput;  occipital  process  granular  medially,  but  its  sides  wholly 
smooth;  the  gi-anulations  become  weak  posteriorly  toward  the  very  small,  smooth, 
Ixisal  plate  at  dorsal  origin;  interorbital  space  weakly  arched,  without  the  median 
depression  found  in  N.  thalassina.  Maxillary  Ijarbels  unequal,  the  left,  when  laid 
straight  back,  not  reaching  far  beyond  the  vertical  from  posterior  border  of  eye, 
right  maxillary  barbel  extending  a  little  beyond  l)ony  margin  of  opercles;  outer 
mental  barbels  a  little  longer  than  inner  ones,  about  as  long  as  maxillary;  posterior 
nostril  with  a  pair  of  flaps  along  its  hinder  border,  which  are  just  covered  by  the 
large  semi-circular  flap  arising  between  the  two  nostrils.  Teeth  all  villiform, 
forming  wide  bands;  premaxillary  band  arcuate  and  continuous;  mandibular  band 
more  curved,  and  interrupted  at  symphysis.  Vomer  with  a  broad  band  made  of 
two  roundish  subequal  jxitches  on  each  side;  palatines  with  a  longer  posterior 
patch  fitting  into  a  broad  notch  between  the  two  members  of  the  vomerine  set,  its 
form  triangular,  prolonged  backwards.  Gill-membranes  forming  a  wide  fleshy 
fold;  gill-rakers  i-ather  stiff,  cylindrical,  6-|-6  in  number,  the  longest  one-third  as 
long  as  eye.  Dorsal  spine  rather  obscurely  granulate  anteriorly  (not  granulate- 
serrate  as  in  thalassina);  adipose  fin  rather  large,  free;  located  above  middle  of 
anal  base;  anal  fin  falcate;  caudal  deeply  forked,  the  upper  lobe  the  longer  and 
the  more  sharply  pointed;  pectoral  spine  about  as  long  as  dorsal  spine,  obscurely 
granulate  on  front  margin,  and  weakly  serrulate  posteriorly. 

Color  rich  brownish  above,  grayish  white  below;  dorsal  and  anal  fins  pale 
brown;  caudal  fin  brown,  with  a  greenish  tinge  on  the  lobes;  paired  fins  brown  on 
upper  surface,  gray  below. 

Family  PLOTOSID.E. 
100.   [1(33]  Plotosus  anguillaris  (Forskal).    L^mf-(//(/i  =  Sea  Gigi. 

Misaki  (Aoki);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Lshikawa) ;  Wakanoura  (Yamamoto);  Toba 
market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

This  species  is  annoyingly  common  along  the  shore  of  Kyusyu. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  159 

Family  SILURID.E. 

101.  [164]  Parasilurus  asotus  (Linnaeus).    Xaninzu  =  Catiish. 

Fresli  water  at  Kumamoto  (Wakiya) ;  Ozu  (Wakiya);  Himeji  (Abe);  Nagano 
(Xakano) ;  Lake  Suwa  (Ota) ;  Lakes  Suwa  and  Hakone  (Jordan) :  Fukuoka  (Hamada) ; 
Hino  River,  Lake  Kasumigaura  (Hattori). 

This  species  is  generally  abundant  in  the  cjuiet  parts  of  streams  in  the  .southern 
half  of  Japan.  It  reaches  a  larger  size  than  the  other  Namazu  (Cat-fishes)  of  the  rivers. 

Dorsal  rays  4  to  6;  anal  rays  72  to  83.  The  coloration  varies  fi'om  plain  to 
brightly  mottled,  tlie  sharpest  contrasts  appearing  in  a  specimen  fr(jm  Himeji. 
The  lateral  lines  are  connected  across  the  l)ack  by  vertical  branches,  as  indicated 
by  Schlegel  in  his  figure  of  Silurua  japouicus. 

Family  BAGRID.E. 

102.  [165]  Pelteobagrus*  nudiceps  (Sauvage).    Hagc-yigi  =  Bald  Gigi. 
Lake  Biwa  (Wakiya) ;  Lake  Biwa  (Jordan) ;  Himeji  (Abe) ;  Okayama(Mikamo). 
Anal  rays,  including  rudiments,  from  18  to  23  in  number. 

The  young  are  very  coarsely  blotched  or  vertically  ban-ed  with  i^ale  areas, 
while  the  adults  are  uniformly  marked,  or  streaked  with  two  lengthwise  light  areas. 
Li  well  preserved  specimens  the  bones  of  the  head  are  entirely  covered  with  skin. 

103.   [Extraterr.]  Pelteobagrus  fulvidraco  (Richardson). 
A  specimen  collected  by  Gee  at  Soo-chow,  China,  has  been  sent  to  the  Museum 
of  Zoology,  L^niversity  of  Michigan. 

104.   [166]  Pseudobagrus  aurantiacus  (Tcmminck  and  Schlegel).    Gjgi. 
Fukuoka  (Hamada). 

Like  Pelteobagrus  niidiceps.  this  species  may  be  either  coarsely  blotched,  or 
striped  with  light  areas. 

105.   [167]  Liobagrus  reini  Hilgcndorf.     .4Ay/2'«  =  Red  Cat-fish. 

Himeji  (Abe)  ;.Toyama  ( Yoshizawa ) :  Lake  Biwa  (Jordan ) :  Lake  Kitagata,  Fukui. 

The  variations  in  i:)roportions  in  this  little  Cat-fish  are  very  wide,  but  are  not 
correlated  with  one  another.  We  thus  agree  with  Tanaka,  that  Liobagrus  sugubrii 
Regan^-  cannot  be  recognized. 

Interocular  space,  2.45  to  3.0  in  head;  dorsal  spine,  3.0  to  5.5;  d('i)th  of  body, 
5.0  to  7.3  in  length  to  caudal;  pectoral  spine  varying  from  much  less  to  much  more 
than  half  the  lengtli  of  that  fin. 

*Thp  group  callcil  Fluvidrnco  by  .Jf)rclan  and  Fowler  apparently  cannot  l)e  sejiarated  from  Pelteo- 
bagrus Bleeker,  ba.sed  on  Silunix  caloariun  Basilewsky. 

"  Ann.  Mag.  Xat.  Hist.  (8)  I,  1908,  p.  152;  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  190S,  p.  02, 


1()()  mp:moirs  of  the  carnegie  museum. 

Family  (^OBITID.E. 

106.   [108]  Misgurnus  anguillicaudatus  (Cantor).    7)oJo  =  Loach. 

Nagano  (Nakano) ;  fr(\sh  water  at  Kumamoto  (Wakiya) ;  Himeji  (Abe) ; 
Toyama  (S.  Yoshizawa) ;  Noo,  (Awaya) ;  Lake  Kasumigaura  (Hattori) ;  Lake  Biwa 
at  Otsu  (Jordan  and  Kawamura) ;  Lake  Biiwa  (Jordan);  Soo-chow  (Gee). 

Extremely  common  in  streams  and  lakes.  One  of  the  Lake  Biwa  specimens 
has  only  nine  barbels,  there  being  but  one  on  one  side  of  the  mandible. 

107.    [170]    Hymenophysa  curta  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).    L^?H2-r/rtjo  =  8ea-loach. 
Thre(>  sjjecimens  of  this  p(>culiar  loach  were  collected  in  Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu 
by  Jordan  and  Kawamura. 

lOS.    1 172]  Lefua  echigonia  Jordan  and  Richardson. 

Ilotokc-ddjo  =  Buddlia-loach. 

Lefua  nikkonis  Jordan  and  Fowler,  Pi'oc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVL  1903,  p.  768,  fig.  1 

(specimens  from  Shimotsuke,  near  Xikko,  l)ut  not  the  type  from  Chitose, 

Hokkaido) . 
Lefua  eehignnia  Jordan  and  Richardson,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXIII,   1907, 

p.  264,  fig.  1.— Tanaka,  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  VII,  1909,  129. 

With  some  doubt  we  refer  to  this  species  two  specimens  from  tlie  Hiki  River 
in  Kishu,  collected  by  H.  Kuroiwa,  and  bearing  the  local  name  ''Hotoke-dojo." 
They  diffei'  from  tlie  type  in  their  plain  coloration,  the  spots  on  the  body  and  fins 
being  obsolescent,  and  in  the  slenderer  build.  The  coloration  is  very  variable, 
however,  as  Tanaka  has  indicated,  and  as  we  find  in  examining  the  specimens 
from  Shimotsuke  which  Jordan  and  Fowler  confused  with  their  L.  rukkonis.  The 
difference  in  form  seems  to  be  largely  due  to  the  lesser  deposition  of  fat,  for  the 
adipose  folds  on  the  caudal  peduncle  are  not  developed,  and  the  whole  texture  is 
firmer;  furthermore  this  variation  is  paralleled  in  other  loaches,  as  in  the  common 
Misgurnus. 

109.    [174]    Cobitis  biwae  Jordan  and  Snydei'.    Shima-dojo  =  'fitriped  Loach. 

Kumamoto  (Wakiya);  Himeji  (Abe);  Okayama  (Mikama);  Lake  Kasumigaura 
(Hattori);  Xoo,  Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu  (Jordan  and  Kawamura). 

We  have  not  reconsidered  the  validity  of  this  abundant  species,  which  scarcely 
differs  from  Cobitis  icFnia  of  Europe. 

Genus  Barbatula  Linck. 

The  generic  name  Barbatula  Linck,  1790,  antedates  and  replaces  Oreias 
Sauvage,  1874,  and  Orthrias  Jordan  and  Fowler,  1903. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  101 

110.  [173]  Barbatula  oreas  (Jordan  and  Fowler).  FwA-h-(/oJo  =  Secondary  Loach. 
This  species  is  not  i-epresented  in  tlie  collections  at  hand. 

Family  CYFRIXID.F. 

111.   [175]  Pseudoperilampus  typus  Bleeker.     Zou'-tanngo  =  Genuhiv  Chuh. 
Lake  Kasumigaura  (Hattori);  Lake  Biwa  (Jordan). 

Genus  HEMUiKAMMOCYPRis  Fowler. 

Honigrammncypris  Fowler,  Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.  Phila.,   LXIl,    1910,  p.  483. 

Type:   Hcmigrnmmocypris  rnsborella  Fowler. 
Brevigohio  Tanaka,  Dobutsu-gaku  Zasshi,  Tokyo,  XXX'lIl,  1910,  p.  102.     Type: 

Brevigobio  kaivabaicc  Tanaka,  =  H.  rasborella  Fowlei'. 

"Xo  barbels  about  mouth;  pharyngeal  teetli  3-rowed,  4.  4,  2-2,  4,  4;  dorsal 
fin  inserted  nearer  to  base  of  caudal  than  to  tij)  of  snout;  a  sharj:)  ventral  keel 
between  anus  and  origin  of  venti'al;  lateral  line  decurved,  incomplete,  running 
along  lower  pai't  of  body,  ending  near  last  ray  of  anal."     (Tanaka.) 

This  genus  is  in  many  ways  similar  to  Rasbora,  a  genus  now  comjjrising  many 
species  of  southern  Asia  and  the  East  Lidies,  but  differs  from  that  genus  in  having 
the  abdomen  sharply  keeled,  and  in  the  normal  structure  of  the  lower  jaw. 

112.    [170A]    Hemigrammocypris  rasborella  Fowler.  Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.,  Phila., 

LXn,  1910.  p.  483.     (Japan.) 

Brevigobio  kawabatcc  Tanaka,  Dobutsu-gaku  Zasshi,  Tokj'o,  XXVIH,  1910,  p.  102 
(Lake  Biwa);  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Japan,  XXIV,  1910,  p.  420,  pi.  115,  figs.  339, 
340  (Lake  Biwa,  pond  near  Tsu  in  Ise). 

Genus  Acheilognathus  Bleeker. 
We  follow  Jordan  and  Thompson"  in  our  treatment  of  the  fishes  of  this  group. 

113.   [177]  Acheilognathus  rhombea  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Kanehira  =  Flat-money. 

Kumamoto  (Wakiya);  Fukuoka  (Hamada). 

The  depth  of  the  body  in  this  minnow  is  highly  variable,  being  contained 
from  2.2  to  2.8  times  in  tlie  length  of  body  to  caudal  base,  increasing  very  irregu- 
larly with  age.  The  branclied  rays  in  the  doi'sal  fin  vary  from  twelve  to  fourteen 
in  number. 

"  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1014,  217-227. 


1G2  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

114.   [179]  Acheilognathus  limbata  (Tomminck  and  Schlegel).     Bote. 

Kumamoto  (Wakiya);  Hamada  (Wakiya);  Himeji  (Abe). 

We  identify  our  half-grown  specimens  (43  to  53  mm.  long  to  caudal)  with 
this  species.  The  body  is  less  elevated  than  in  adults,  being  contained  2.6  to  2.7 
times  in  the  standard  length.  Some  of  the  specimens  of  similar  size  from  Funayado 
(reported  by  Jordan  and  Fowler)  are  as  slender  as  these,  while  others  are  deeper. 
The  increase  in  depth  with  age  is  obviously  irregular,  as  in  .4.  rhombea.  In  some 
of  the  specimens  the  lateral  line  appears  to  be  variously  incomplete.  Teeth  5-5, 
.smooth,  or  with  distinct  traces  of  plications  on  one  of  the  teeth.  Scales  about  33. 
Anal  fin  sometimes  black-margined. 

115.   1 180]  Acheilognathus  lanceolata  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Yari-tanago  =  Spear-cliub. 

Eleven  specimens  from  Kumamoto,  collected  by  ^^'akiya,  fully  agree  with 
Jordan  and  Thompson's  account  of  this  species  (l.  c,  p.  224).  In  fin-formula  the 
only  variant  has  ten-branched  anal  rays.  Thirteen  others  from  Xoo  near  Xiigata 
are  essentially  similai-.  All  have  nine-branched  anal  rays,  but  three  have  nine- 
branched  dorsal  rays. 

Teeth,  5-5,  with  rather  wide  grinding  surfaces,  but  with  at  most  bare  traces 
of  plications.    Scales  34-37. 

11(5.   [ISOA]  Acheilognathus  intermedia  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Bay  of  ]Mikawa  (M.  Ishikawa);  Himeji  (Abe);  Lake  INIikata,  Lake  Kasumi- 
guara  (Hattori) ;  Lake  Biwa,  at  Otsu  (Jordan  and  Kawamura);  tributary  of  the 
Sumida  River  near  Tokyo  (Jordan). 

We  follow  Jordan  and  Thompson  (])]).  223-227)  in  the  identification  of  this 
species. 

The  barbel  varies  considerably  in  length,  being  usually  more  than  two-thirds 
as  long  as  the  snout ;  it  is  contained  1.0  to  1.7  times  in  length  of  snout.  The  branched 
fin-rays  are:  dorsal,  9  (8  to  10) ;  anal,  10  (9  to  11).  Scales  to  caudal  base,  35  to  36. 
Pharyngeal  teeth,  5-5,  with  wide  grinding  surfaces,  but  no  plications. 

117.   [181]  Acheilognathus  cyanostigma  (Jordan  and  Fowler). 
Lake  Mikata  near  Fukui;  Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu  (Jordan  and  Kawamura). 
Branched  rays  of  dorsal,  8;  of  anal,  7  to  9. 

lis.    [ISIA]   Acheilognathus  tabira  (Jordan  and  Thompson).     7^«6/ra  =  Rice-chub. 
Achcilognuthus  limhata  Ta\.\k.\.   Annot.   Zool.   Jap.,   VII,    1909,   p.   133   (not  of 
Temminck  and  Schlegel). 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  163 

Acheilognatkus  tabira  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Mem.  Car.  Mu.s..  VI,  1914,  p.  220, 

1)1.  XXV,  fig.  1. 

Nagano  (^Xakano);  Fukuoka  (Hamada) ;  Lake  Mikata,  Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu 
(Jordan  and  Kawamura). 

The  branched  dorsal  rays  varj'  from  10  to  12;  anal,  9  to  10. 

119.   [183A]  Rhodeus  kurumeus  Jordan  and  Thompson. 
Rhodeus  kurumeus  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Mem.  Car.  ]\Ius.,  VL   1914,  p.  229, 

pi.  XXVI,  fig.  2. 

Two  small  specimens  of  this  species  were  collected  by  Wakiya  at  Kumamoto, 
not  far  from  the  type-locality,  Kurume. 

Half-grown  specimens  show  two  dark  blotches  on  the  front  of  the  dorsal  fin, 
one  near  the  base,  the  other  near  its  tip. 

The  depth  of  the  type  was  given  as  2.75,  wliich  appears  to  be  a  misprint 
for  2.25. 

This  species  needs  to  be  compared  with  the  Chinese  Rhodeus  ocellatus,. 

Genus  Gnathopogon  Bleeker. 
Jordan  and  Thompson"^  have  given  a  very  useful  revision  of  the  s])ecies  of 
this  genus,  of  which  Leucogobio  Gunther,  Squalidus  Dybowsky,  and  Otakia  Jordan 
and  Snyder  are  synonyms.    We  have  a  large  amount  of  new  material  from  Japan 
and  Korea,  and  find  it  necessary  to  go  over  the  group  again. 

Key  to  the  Known  Species  of  G.nathopogo.n. 

a.  Anus  not  in  advance  of  the  normal  position  just  before  the  anal  fin.      Eye  small,  usually  less  than 
one-fourth  length  of  head.    Pectoral  fin  usually  reaching  less  than  two-thirds  the  distance  to  ventral 
insertion. 
b.  Snout  narrower;  maxillary  reaching  nearly  or  quite  to  below  front  of  orbit.     Pharyngeals  with  2  or 
3  teeth  in  inner  row. 
c.  Pharyngeal  teeth  smooth  or  obsolescently  serrate  on  the  grinding  surface  (character  not  definitely 
described  for  the  Asiatic  species,  group  del) ;  barbel  about  as  long  as,  or  longer  than  pupil. 
d.   Barbel  much  longer  than  pupil  (L2  to  1.7  in  eye).     Origin  of  dorsal  usually  nearer  base  of 
caudal  than  tip  of  snout.     Scales  in  four  to  five  rows  above,  and  34  to  39  rows  along  the 
lateral  line. 
e.  Body  rather  robust,  its  depth  3.4  to  4.3  in  standard  length;  caudal  peduncle  less  than  twice 
as  long  as  deep,  its  depth  7.4  to  8.7  in  body;  width  of  body  about  1.7.5  in  its  depth.    Length 
of  pectoral  fin  1.4  to  1.7  in  distance  between  insertions  of  paired  fins.     Color  lighter;  less 

spotted.     Lake  Biwa  to  K3'Qsyu elongatus. 

ee.  Body  slenderer,  its  depth  4.0  to  4.7  in  standard  length;  caudal  peduncle  about  tw^ce  as  long 
as  deep,  its  depth  8.6  to  10  in  body  length;  width  of  body  about  1..5  in  its  depth.  Length 
of  pectoral  fin  1.6  to  1.9  in  distance  between  origin  of  paired  fins.  Color  darker;  more 
spotted.     Lake  Suwa  and  adjacent  waters suwae. 

"  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  VL  1914,  pp.  214-217. 


164  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

(III.  Barbel  scarcely  as  long  as  ])upil.    Origin  of  dorsal  equidistant  between  tip  of  snout  and  caudal 
base.    Caudal  peduncle  less  than  twice  as  long  as  deep.    Asiatic  mainland. 
f.  Scales  in  (i  rows  above  and  40  along  lateral  line.    Headwaters  of  the  Yangtsekiang. 

tieniatiia.*' 

ff.  Scales  in  (3  rows  above  and  3()  along  lateral  line.     Amur  basin tieriiatus  Berg. 

(?  not  of  Gunther.") 

///.  Scales  in  4  or  5  rows  above  and  36  to  38  along  lateral  line.     Korea strigntus." 

cc.   Pharyngeal  teeth  strongly  dentate  on  grinding  surface;  barbel  much  shorter  than  pupil;  body 
slender;  origin  of  dorsal  nearer  tip  of  snout  than  base  of  caudal.    Scales  in  42  rows  to  caudal 

base.     Lake  Biwa  and  Yodo  River,  Japan ca'rulescens. 

bli.  Snout  broader  and  shorter;  the  maxillary  only  reaching  to  Ijelow  middle  of  snout.     Pharyngeals 
with  only  one  tooth  in  the  inner  row.     Origin  of  dorsal  nearer  ti|)  of  snout  than  base  of  caudal. 

China herzendeini.^^ 

au.  Anus  in  advance  of  normal  position  just  before  anal  fin.     Eye  usually  large,  more  than  one-fourth 
length  of  head,  except  in  large  specimens  of  G.  japonicus.    Pectoral  fin  usually  reaching  more  than 
two-thirds  distance  to  ventral  insertion.     (Jrigin  of  dorsal  nearer  tip  of  snout  than  base  of  caudal. 
g.   Distance  from  anus  to  anal  fin  less  than  length  of  eye. 

/).  Scales  above  lateral  line  in  2.5  to  3.5  rows;  scales  more  or  less  enlarged  on  mid-dorsal 
line.  Body  with  conspicuous  dark  spots;  top  of  head  spotted. 
)'.  Barbel  minute,  about  one-sixth  as  long  as  pupil.     Scales  above  lateral  line  in  3  or 
3.5  rows;  scales  of  mid-dorsal  line  little  enlarged.     Ping-yang  River,  Korea. 

miijimiB. 
ii.   Barbel  aljout  two-thirds  as  long  as  eye.     Scales  above  lateral  line  in  3.5  rows; 

scales  of  mid-dorsal  line  moderately  enlarged.     Kyusyfi gracilis. 

Hi.  Barbel  longer  than  eye,  l>ut  not  reaching  to  below  hind  border  of  eye.  Scales 
above  lateral  line  in  2.5  rows;  scales  of  mid-dorsal  line  much  enlarged.  Head 
3.45,  eye,  3.4,  scarcely  shorter  than  snout,  longer  than  interorbital,  1.4  in  post- 
orbital.    Ping-yang  River,  northwestern  Korea longifilis. 

hh.  Scales  al)ove  lateral  line  in  4  rows;  (enlargement  of  scales  on  mid-dorsal  line  not 
described).  Body  with  dark  spots;  top  of  head  spotted.  Barbvl  at  least  as  long  as 
eye,  reaching  to  below  hind  margin  of  eye.  Head,  4.0;  eye,  3.5  to  3.6,  shorter  than 
snout,  shorter  than  interorbital,  about  1.5  in  postorbital.     River  Sambu,  southern 

Korea coreanw.*^ 

fihh.  Scales  above  lateral  line  in  4.5  or  5  rows;  scales  not   enlarged  along  mid-dorsal  line. 
Body  with  dark  spots,  inconspicuous;  top  of  head  not  spotted. 
j.   Barbel  nearly  as  long  as  eye,  but  scarcely  reaching  to  below  hind  border  of 
pupil.     Head,  3.7.    Eye  large,  3.15  in  head,  as  long  as  snout,  longer  than  inter- 
orbital, nearly  as  long  as  postorbital.     River  Ping-yang t.'^ul.^higw. 

jj.   Barbel  short,  not  reaching  to  below  middle  of  pupil,  0.3  to  0.6  as  long  as  eye. 
k.  Eye  3.5  longer  than  snout  or  interorbital,  1.4  in  iKistorV)ital.     Scales  34  to  36. 

Chanka  Lake,  Amur  basin chankanensis.^" 

kk.  Eye  about  4.0  shorter  than  snout,  little  more  than  half  postorbital.     Scales 
35  to  37.     Streams  of  southern  Japan japonicus. 

"=  Giinther.  Ann.  Mus.  Zool.,  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  Petersb.,  1896,  p.  214,  pi.  2,  fig.  A. 

"  Berg,  Ichth.  Amur.,  1907,  p.  84. 

■*'  Regan,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  1908,  p.  59,  Chong-ju,  Chung-Chong  Province.  Korea. 

^^  Giinther,  I.  c,  p.  213,  pi.  2,  fig.  B. 

^"  Berg,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (7)  XVIII,  1906,  p.  394. 

'■'"  Dybowsky,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien.  XXII,  1872,  p.  215;  Berg,  Ichth.  Anmr.,  1909,  p.  S3. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   11(22.  165 

gg.    Distance  from  anus  to  anal  fin  at  least  as  lonK,  usually  longer,  than  diamotcr  of  the 
large  eye.     Depth  of  body  4.5  to  6.0  in  length. 
/.   Scales  above  lateral  line  in  4  rows,  along  lateral  line  in  33  rows.     Head  more  than 

one-fourth  the  standard  length.     Formosa iijiime.^' 

II.  Scales  above  lateral  line  in  5  rows,  along  lateral  line  in  30  rows.     Head  less  than 
one-fourth  standard  lenj^th.     Lake  Biwa.     Ja])an hiiiuv}' 

12U.    [184  and  1S8J    Gnathopogon  elongatus  (Teinniinck  ;nul  Schlcgel). 

Moroko  =  Minnow.  ■ 

(Utpotid  cloiKjaln   Temminck  and  i^chlegel,   Fauna  Jap.,   Pisces,    1846,   p.   2U(), 

pi.  100,  fis.  1. 
(in(i{li(ip()(j(ni  el(in<j(itus  Bleeker,  Ned.  Tijdschr.  Dierk.,  I,  1863,  p.  202  (as  type  of 

Gnathopogon):  Verli.  Akad.  Amsterdam,  XVIII,   1879,  p.  23. — Jordan  and 

Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIII,  1901,  p.  343  (Lake  Biwa);  Annot.  Zool. 

Jap.,  Ill,  1901,  p.  47  (Lake  Biwa). — Jordan    and    Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  N. 

M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  822  (Lake  Biwa). — Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour. 

Coll.  Sci.,  Tokj'o,  XXXIII,  1913,  p.  66. — Jordan  and  Thompson,  Mem.  Car. 

Mus.,  VI,  1914,  pp.  215,  217  (Lake  Biwa;  Nagoya;  Yodo  River). 
Barbus  homogenes  Gunther,  Cat.   Fi.shes  Brit.   Mus.,  VII,   1868,   p.   136   (after 

Schlegel;  the  name  elongatus  pre-occvipied  in  Barbus). 
Leucogobio  gucnthcri  Ishikawa,  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  Ill,  1901,  p.  161,  pi.  3,  fig.  1 

(Matsubara  on  Lake  Biwa). — Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  8.  N.  M.,  XXVI, 

1903,  p.  826  (Lake  Biwa;  Nagoya;  Hatata;  Chikugo  River). — Berg,  Ann. 

Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (7)  XVIII,  1906,  p.  395  (in  key).^TANAKA,  Annot.  Zool. 

Jap.,  VII,  1908,  p.  6  (Lake  Biwa);  Zool.  Mag.,  No.  237,  1908,  p.  235  (Lake 

Biwa). 

Kachi  River,  at  Nagoya  (Jordan);  Lake  Biwa  (Wakiya);  Lake  Kawaguchi, 
Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Himeji  (Abe);  Kumamoto  (Wakiya);  Ozu  (Wakiya); 
Nagasaki. 

Counts  and  measurements  of  a  considerable  series  from  vtirious  parts  of 
Japan  follow:  head,  3.4  to  4.0  in  standard  length;  deptli  of  l)ody,  3.4  to  4.3;  depth 
of  caudal  peduncle,  7.4  to  8.7;  eye,  4.2  to  5.0  in  head,  1.2  to  1.7  times  as  long  as 
barbel;  pectoral  fin  contained  1.4  to  1.7  times  in  interval  between  insertions  of 
paired  fins;  scales  in  lateral  line  to  caudtd  base,  34  to  39;  gill-rakers,  x  plus  6; 
teeth  5,  5-3,  5. 

"  Oshinia,  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  XII,  1919,  219,  pi.  LI,  fig.  2,  p.  12S  (Tozeh  River,  Formosa);  Proc. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1920,  p.  12,")  (Rihikuton,  Formosa). 

*'  Berg,  /.  c,  1909,  i).  ^4,  footnote,  indicates  the  existence  in  Lake  C'hanka  of  a  second  antl  unnamed 
species,  which  he  regards  as  related  to  G.  biuni'. 


166  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

121.  Gnathopogon  suwae  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 

Type,  72  mm.  long  to  caudal  base,  collected  by  Jordan  in  Lake  Suwa,  at 
Kamisuwa  in  Shinshu  (Car.  Mus.  Cat.  of  Fishes  No.  7814). 

Eight  paratypes  were  taken  with  the  tyi)e;  five  other  i^aratypes  wvvq  takiMi  in 
Lake  Kisaki  by  T.  Ota. 

This  species  seems  to  be  the  local  representative  of  Gnathopogon  elongatus, 
which  is  widely  spread  to  the  soutln\ard.  It  also  bears  a  fairly  close  resemblance 
to  several  species  of  the  Asiatic  mainland.  It  is  compared  with  these  and  other 
species  in  the  key,  which  has  been  given. 

Form  moderately-  trim,  heaviest  forward;  the  nape  slightly  elevated;  width 
of  body  about  two-thirds  the  depth,  \\liieh  is  contained  4.2  (4.0  to  4.7)  times  in 
standard  length;  length  of  the  rather  slender  caudal  peduncle  about  twice  its 
least  depth,  which  measures  9.4  (8.6  to  10.0)  times  in  length  to  caudal. 

Head  symmetrical,  rounded  anteriorly;  its  length,  with  opercular  membrane, 
contained  3.8  (3.7  to  4.0)  times  in  length  to  caudal;  eye  round  and  rather  small, 
being  contained  4.7  (4.4  to  5.0)  times  in  head;  decidedly  shorter  than  either  the 
snout  or  the  convex  interorbital,  less  than  half  the  postorbital.  Barbel  well  de- 
veloped, but  not  long,  reaching  to  below  middle  of  eye;  its  length  contained  1.4 
(1.3  to  1.5)  times  in  eye;  upper  jaw  as  long  as  snout,  but  being  somewhat  oblique, 
does  not  quite  reach  to  below  front  of  orbit;  tij)  of  premaxillaries  on  a  level  with 
lower  part  of  pupil.  Six  gill-rakers  on  lower  limb  of  arch,  not  counting  extreme 
rudiments.  Pharyngeal  teeth  more  or  less  hooked,  with  grinding  surfaces,  which 
are  at  most  obsoletely  serrate;  4  or  5  teeth  in  the  outer  and  2  or  3  in  the  inner 
row.  Peritoneum  silvery,  with  clusters  of  black  dots.  Intestine  shorter  than 
body.  Anus  not  advanced  in  position.  Scales  4.5  to  5.5  between  origin  of  dorsal 
fin  and  lateral  line,  35  to  37  along  lateral  line  to  caudal  base,  3  or  3.5  between 
lateral  line  and  anal  oiigin,  and  3  to  4  between  lateral  line  and  ventral  insertion. 
Dorsal  rays,  2,  7  (rarely  6);  anal,  2,  6;  all  fins  short;  pectoral  extending  much  less 
than  two-thirds  distance  to  ventral,  its  length  1.75  (1.6  to  1.9)  times  in  interval 
between  origins  of  the  two  fins;  ventral  not  reaching  anus,  extending  only  two- 
thirds  to  origin  of  anal;  anal,  when  depressed,  falling  short  of  lower  caudal  rays  by 
a  distance  longer  than  eye.  Length  of  depressed  dorsal  contained  1.8  (1.6  to  1.8) 
times  in  distance  from  its  oi-igin  to  occiput.  Origin  of  dorsal  over  ventral  base,  a 
little  nearer  base  of  caudal  than  tip  of  snout  (sometimes  almost  eciuidistant). 

Color  grayish  brown  above,  pale  below.  A  dark  stripe  extends  fi-om  the 
origin  of  the  lateral  line  to  the  caudal  l)ase,  becoming  more  distinct  posteriorly, 
and  running  largely  above  the  slightly  decurved  lateral  line  anteriorly.     Dark 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1!)22.  167 

spots  of  varying  form  and  distinctness  developed  on  the  upjier  half  of  the  body; 
most  distinct  in  a  jiaratype  from  Lake  Kisaki. 

122.   [189,  198,  and  203]  Gnathopogon  caerulescens  (Sauvage). 
Yanagi-mi)nik(i  =  Willow-minnow. 

Squalius  carulescens  Sauvace,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  1883,  p. 3  (Lake  Biwa). 

Leuciscus  ccerulescens  Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  L'.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  845 
(after  Sauvage). 

Otakia  rashorinn  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X".  AL,  XXIII,  1900,  p.  345, 
pi.  9,  fig.  3  (Lake  Biwa);  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.  Ill,  1901,  p.  46  (Lake  Biwa).— 
Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  ]).  842,  fig.  6.— Tanaka, 
Zool.  Mag.,  Xo.  237,  1908,  jx  235. — Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Annot. 
Zool.  Jap.,  XXXIII,  1913,  )).  70,  fig.  44. 

Leucogobio  jordani  Ishikawa,  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  Ill,  1901,  p.  163,  pi.  3,  fig.  2 
(Lake  Biwa).— Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  827 
(after  Ishikawa).— Bero,  Ann.  Mag.  Xat.  Hist.,  (7)  XVIII,  1906,  p.  395  (in 
key).— Tanaka,  Zool.  Mag.,  Xo.  237,  1908,  p.  235,  (Lake  Biwa);  ibid.,  VII, 
1908,  p.  5  (Lake  Biwa). — Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci., 
Tokyo,  XXXIII,  1913,  p.  67  (after  Ishikawa). 

Gnathopogon  jordani  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  \1,  1914,  p.  217 
(in  key). 
Lake  Biwa  (Wakij'a,  Jordan   and   Kawamura);  Yodo  River,  outlet  of  Lake 

Biwa,  at  Kyoto  (Jordan).    We  also  have  a  series  collected  in  Lake  Biwa  by  Jordan 

and  Snyder  in  1900. 

The  species  currently  known  as  Gnathopogon  (or  Leucogobio)  jordani  fits  the 
description  of  Sqindius  aeridescens  Sauvage  in  all  respects.  Sauvage  makes  no 
mention,  howevei',  of  the  minute  barbel.  l)ut  lie  obviously  overlooked  it.  Otakia 
rasborina  seems  also  to  hv  the  same,  though  tlie  bai'bel  is  described  as  absent. 

Jordan  and  Seale  in  1906°^  recorded  some  minnow  from  Kawatana,  near 
Xagasaki,  under  the  name  of  Leuciscus  cierulescens.  but  we  do  not  locate  this 
matei'ial. 

123.  Gnathopogon  majimae  Jordan  and  Ilubbs,  sp.  nov. 
(Plate  IX;  fig.  2.) 

Ty]ie  43  mm.  long  to  ciiudal  fin,  collected  by  Yojiro  \\'akiya  in  the  Ping-yang 
River,  northwestern  Korea;  Car.  Mus.  Cat.  of  Fishes,  Xo.  7816.  The  type  is 
unicjue. 

"  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXX,  liHHi,  p.  144. 


l()cS  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Body  rather  heavy  forwai-d,  attenuate  posteriorly;  dorsal  contour  rising  from 
ti])  of  premaxillaries,  whicli  are  on  the  level  of  lower  border  of  pupil,  in  a  convex 
cui've  to  above  front  of  orbit,  thence  nearly  straight  to  occiput,  beyond  which  it  is 
considerably  elevated.  Greatest  dej^th  of  body  below  the  dorsal  origin,  more  than 
twice  the  least  depth,  and  contained  4.0  times  in  standard  length.  Head  rather 
long  and  narrow,  its  dorsal  contour  more  curved  and  more  elevated  than  the 
ventral;  length  of  head  8.35  in  standard  length;  eye  slightly  oval  and  large,  longer 
than  snout  or  inteiorbital  width,  contained  1.3  times  in  postorbital,  3.0  times  in 
head;  interorbital  flat;  l)aibel  slendci-  and  veiy  short,  only  about  one-sixth  as  long 
as  the  pupil,  so  short  as  to  be  hidden  in  the  groove  at  angle  of  mouth,  not  reaching 
to  below  fiont  of  orbit;  length  of  ui)i)er  jaw  equal  to  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to 
the  fold  between  nostrils;  about  seven  rudimentaiy  gill-rakers  developed  on  lower 
linil)  of  outer  gill-arch;  pharyngeal  teeth  5-3,  obscurely  hooked,  with  entire 
grinding  surfaces;  jieritoneum  silvery,  with  black  dots;  intestine  short;  anus  in 
advance  of  anal  fin  a  distance  nearly  eciual  to  length  of  eye.  Scales  large,  3  or  3.5 
from  oiigin  of  dorsal  fin  to  lateral  line;  2.5  fiom  lateial  line  to  insertion  of  ventral 
or  origin  of  anal;  eleven  scales  somewhat,  but  not  greatly,  enlarged,  from  dorsal 
fin  to  occii)ut ;  only  thirty  along  lateral  line  to  caudal  lia.se.  Dorsal  rays,  2.7; 
anal,  2.6.  Fins  all  long;  pectoral  extending  just  to  insertion  of  ventral,  slightly 
more  than  two-thirds  as  long  as  head;  ventral  extending  slightly  beyond  anus;  the 
depi'essed  anal  reaching  within  scarcely  more  than  half  length  of  eye  from  lower 
caudal  ra>'s;  dorsal  especially  elevated,  its  height  being  equal  to  its  distance  from 
occiput.  Origin  of  dorsal  slightly  in  advance  of  ventral  insertion,  a  little  nearer 
tip  of  snout  than  l)ase  of  caudal. 

Color  i)ale,  but  with  a  deep  brown  band  from  fi-ont  of  snout  to  base  of  caudal, 
extending  everywhere  along  the  nearly  straiglit  lateral  line,  most  intense  on  the 
snout,  more  or  less  interrupted  at  each  scale  margin.  Toj)  of  head,  and  the  back, 
but  not  the  sides  of  the  body,  with  numerous  brown  spots  somewhat  smaller  than 
the  pupil;  the  sjiots  less  distinct,  as  though  more  blurred,  than  in  G.  longifiUs. 

Named  U)v  Toyoji  Majima  of  the  Imperial  University  of  the  Hokkaido. 

124.   1 185]  Gnathopogon  gracilis  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Ito-moruko  =  Slim  Minnow 

Capoeta  gracilis  Temminck  and  Schlegel,  Fauna  Japonica,  Pisces,  1846,  p.  201, 

pi.  100,  fig.  2  (Nagasaki). 
Gnathopngan  gracilis  Bleeker,  Verh.  Akad.  Amsterdam,  XVHI,  1879,  p.  23  (after 

Schlegel).— Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  823 

(after  Schlegel). 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   l'.)22.  169 

Barbus  homozonus  Gunther,  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.   Mus.,  VII,   ISGS,   p.   137   (after 

Schlegel;  the  name  gracilis  pre-occupied  in  Barbus). 
Leucogobio  mayedce  Jordan  and  Foavler,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XX\'I,  1903,  p.  828 

(specimens  from  Chikugo  River,  and  i):ut  of  material  from  Lake  Biwa:  not 

Gobio  niayedcp  Jordan  and  Snyder). — Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour. 

Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII,  1913,  p.  67  (in  jxut ;  after  Joidan  and  Fowler). 
Gnathopogon  is/ul'a irtp  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Mem.  Car.  Mus..  \l.  1914,  j).  215, 

pi.  XXIV,  fig.  4,  (Chikugo  River). 

It  appears  almost  certain  to  us  that  Gnathopogon  ishikawcF  Jordan  and  Thomp- 
son, rather  than  Gobio  biircv  Jordan  and  Snyder,  is  identical  with  Capoeta  gracilis 
Temminck  and  Schlegel.  The  figure  of  C.  gracilis  indicates  a  fish  differing  from 
G.  biwce  in  the  les.ser  distance  between  anus  and  origin  of  anal  fin;  the  deeper 
body,  more  elevated  anteriorly,  in  the  larger  .scales,  etc.  In  tliese  and  other  re- 
spects, except  the  height  of  the  anal  fin,  which  we  find  variabli",  the  figure  agrees 
with  that  of  G.  ishikarro'.  Moreover  the  type-localities  of  ('.  gracilis  and  G. 
ishikairce  are  in  close  proximity,  while  G.  biwa-  has  only  been  taken  in  Lake  Biwa, 
far  to  the  northward. 

The  present  collection  contains  no  specimens  of  G.  ryrar/Z/.s-.  ])ut  we  have 
examined  the  type  material  of  (!.  ishikairfc. 

125.   [Extratei'r.]  Gnathopogon  longifilis  .hirdan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 

Tj'pe,  a  fine  specimen  49  mm.  long  to  the  caudal  fin.  collected  by  Yojiro 
Wakiya  in  the  Ping-yang  River,  northern  Korea ;  ( 'ar.  INIus.  Cat .  of  Fishes.  Xo.  7819. 
We  have  no  paratypes. 

The  distinctive  features  of  this  form  are  incUcated  in  our  key.  This  species 
and  G.  majima'  bear  a  strong  superficial  resemblance  respectively  to  Xotropis  caijuga 
and  Noiropis  heterodon.  which  live  together  in  weedy  waters  in  the  eastern  United 
States.    The  similarity  probably  has  an  ecological  basis. 

The  body  is  even  more  attenuate  posteriorly  and  le.ss  elevated  anteriorly, 
than  in  Gnathopogon  majimoe,  the  whole  form  being  trimmer.  Greatest  depth, 
considerabh'  more  tlian  twice  lea.st  depth,  contained  4.45  times  in  standard  length; 
nuchal  elevation  sUght;  dorsal  profile  of  head  rather  gently  decur\-ed  to  tij)  of 
premaxillaries,  which  are  scarcely  higher  than  lower  margin  of  eye.  Head.  3.45; 
eye,  3.4;  scarcely  shorter  than  snout,  a  httle  longer  than  width  of  interorbital, 
1.4  in  postorbital;  interorbital  almost  flat.  Barbel  long  and  slender,  a  little  longer 
than  eye,  but  not  quite  reaching  to  below  posterior  margin  of  orbit;  maxillary 
reaching  to  below  posterior  nostril.  Only  five  rudimentary  gill-rakers  developed 
on  lower  hne.    Pharjmgeal  teeth  5-3,  obscurely  hooked;  almost  smooth  on  grinding 


170  MEMOIRS  OF  'IMIK  CAUNKCIE  MUSKUM. 

surfaces.  Peritoneum  silvery,  but  ratlier  densely  punctate.  Intestin(>  short.  Anus 
in  adv^ance  of  anal  fin  a  distance  contained  1.4  times  in  (he  oihit.  Scales  large; 
2. .5  from  origin  of  doi-sal  to  lateral  line;  2.5  from  latei'al  line  to  inseitioii  of  ventral 
or  origin  of  anal;  11  greatly  widened  from  origin  of  dorsal  to  occiput;  34  along 
lateral  line  to  caudal  base.  Dorsal  rays,  2.7;  anal,  2.0;  fins  all  long;  pectoral 
reaching  almost  to  ventral,  contained  1.3  times  in  liead;  vcntrals  slightly  over- 
lapping th(>  anus;  the  anal  when  depressed,  extends  to  within  diameter  of  pupil 
from  lower  caudal  rays.  Height  of  the  ]X)inted  dorsal  fin  a  little  greater  than 
distance  from  dorsal  oi'igin  to  occiput;  dorsal  beginning  considerably  in  advance  of 
ventral  insertion,  diameter  of  one  orbit  nearer  tip  of  snout  than  base  of  caudal. 
Back  light  brown,  with  numerous  rich  deep  brown  spots,  which  are  also 
tracealile  on  toi)  of  head.  The  spotted  back  is  abruptly  marked  off  from  the  sides 
by  a  pale  streak,  which  overlies  the  lateral  stripe.  The  latter  begins  at  the  eye, 
not  being  developed  on  the  snout,  as  in  G.  tnajmuv,  and  extends  along  the  straight 
lateral  line  to  the  caudal  base,  being  more  or  less  interi'upted  at  the  scale  margins. 

120.   [Extraterr.l  Gnathopogon  tsuchigas  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 

Gnathopngon  tsuchiga'  is  one  of  the  thi'ee  new  species  of  the  genus  collected 
by  Yojiro  Wakiya  in  the  Ping-yang  River,  northern  Korea.  It  is  known  only 
from  the  type,  a  specimen  69  mm.  long  to  the  caudal  fin  (Car.  Mus.  Cat.  Fishes, 
No.  7818). 

Body  deepest  slightly  before  the  middle  of  its  length,  little  elevated  at  either 
the  na]X'  or  the  dorsal  origin;  dorsal  contour  gently  curved  from  dorsal  fin  to 
snout,  where  it  is  decurved  almost  to  the  horizontal  from  lower  margin  of  orbit; 
greatest  depth  of  body  below  doi'sal  oi-igin  a  little  more  than  twice  the  least  depth, 
and  contained  4.8  times  in  standard  length;  caudal  peduncle  twice  as  long  as 
deep.  Head  rather  heavy  and  deej),  its  length  3.7  in  body;  eye  large  and  roundish, 
its  upper  edge  almost  flush  with  the  flat  surface  of  the  interorbital,  its  length 
equal  to  that  of  snout,  exceeding  the  interorbital  width,  as  long  as  the  postorbital 
exclusive  of  the  opercular  membrane  and  contained  3.15  times  in  head.  Barbel 
slendei',  of  moderate  length,  contained  1.3  times  in  the  eye,  l:)ut  scarcely  reaching 
to  below  posterior  margin  of  pupil;  upper  jaw  somewhat  projecting  and  extending 
backward  slightly  behind  vertical  fi'om  posterior  nostril.  Gill-rakers  less  rudi- 
mentary than  in  related  species,  only  five,  liowever,  below  angle.  Three  teeth 
in  lesser  row  (those  of  the  outer  row  appear  abnormal  in  the  type,  two  being  very 
broad,  the  third  very  slender  and  separated  by  a  gap  from  one  of  the  wider 
ones).  Peritoneum  finely  punctate;  intestine  short;  anus  in  ad\'ance  of  anal  fin  a 
distance  nearly  ecjual  to  length  of  the  large  eye.    Scales  moderate,  4.5  from  origin 


JORDAN'  AND   HIBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  171 

of  dorsal  to  lateral  line,  2.5  from  lateral  line  to  ventral,  3  from  lateral  line  to  anal 
origin;  about  13,  not  at  all  enlarged,  from  occiput  to  dorsal  fin,  36  along  lateral 
line  to  caudal  ba.se.  Dor.sal  rays,  2.7:  anal,  2,  6,  as  in  related  forms;  pectoral  fin 
one  diameter  of  pupil  shorter  than  intc'r\-al  between  insertions  of  paired  fins, 
wliich  is  equal  to  length  of  head;  ventrals  extending  beyond  anus,  but  not  to  anal 
fin.  whifli.  when  depressed,  reaches  to  within  half  of  the  diameter  of  orbit  from 
caudal;  length  of  tlie  depressed  dor.sal  scarcely  shorter  than  occiput  to  dorsal; 
third  dorsal  ray  over  insertion  of  venti-al.  wliich  is  midway  between  tip  of  snout 
and  base  of  caudal. 

Color  pale,  with  clusters  of  dots  forming  faint  roundish  spots  in  a  series 
before  dorsal  fin.  and  in  a  series  along  the  axial  septum  of  the  longitudinal  muscles, 
the  latter  forming  a  chord  across  the  curve  made  by  the  considerably  decurved 
lateral  line.    Head  without  spots. 

Named  for  Yasukei  Tsuchiga.  science-teacher  at  Yamada. 

127.    [190]    Gnathopogon  japonicus  (Sauvage).     Dcme-moruko  =  Fop-eye  Alinnow. 
Squalius  japonicus  Sauvage,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.,  1883,  p.  4,  (Lake  Biwa). 
Leuciscus  japonicus  Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  845 

(after  Sauvage). 
Gohio  mayedce  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIII,  1900,  p.  342,  pi.  9, 

fig.  2  (Lake  Biwa);  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.  Ill,  1901,  p.  46  (Lake  Biwa). 
Leucogobio  mayedce  Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  828, 

fig.  3,  (in  part;  see  Jordan  and  Thompson,  1911). — Berg,  Ann.  Mag.  Xat. 

Hist.,  (7).  XVIII,  1906,  p.  395  (in  key).— Tanaka,  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  VII, 

1908,  p.  5  (Lake  Biwa);  Zool.  Mag.,  Xo.  237.  1908,  p.  235  (Lake  Biwa).— 

Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X    M.,  XLII,   1912,  p.  404   (Yamaguchi).— Jordan, 

Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII,  1913,  p.  67,  fig.  41 

(in  i)art). 
Gnathopogon  mayerfo?  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Mem.  Car.  Mus..  VI,  1914,  pp.  215, 

217  (Lake  Biwa). 

Lake  Biwa  (Wakiya).    Kachi  River  at  X^'agoya  (Jordan). 

The  species  hitherto  called  Gnathopogon  rtmyedw  is  doubtless  the  one  described 
by  Sauvage  as  Squalius  japonicus.  As  in  the  case  of  G.  cieridescens,  the  small 
barbel  was  overlooked  by  Sauvage,  and  the  species  has  been  lately  listed  as  a 
Leuciscus. 

128.   1 191]  Gnathopogon  biwae  (Jordan  and  Snyder). 
Gobio  biu-ce  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIII,  1900,  p.  340,  pi.  9, 

fig.  1  (Lake  Biwa);  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.  III.  1901,  p.  46  (.Lake  Biwa). 


172  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Lcucogobio  biircr  Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1908,  ]).  829, 
fig.  4  (Lake  Biwa).— Berg,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (7)  XVIII,  19UG,  p.  395 
(in  key).— Tanaka,  Zool.  Mag.,  No.  237,  1908,  p.  235  (Lake  Biwa).— Jordan, 
Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII,  1013,  p.  OS,  fig.  42 
(after  Jordan  and  Snyder) . 

(rnalhopogon  gracilis  Jordan  antl  Thompson,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  \T,  1914,  ])]).  214, 
217,  fig.  3  (Lake  Biwa),  not  Capoeta  gracilis  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 
This  species  is  still  known  only  from  Lake  Biwa.     Jordan  and  Thompson 

made  an  unsuccessful  effort  to  identify  it  with   Capoeta  gracilis  Temminck  and 

Schlegel,  and  in  tlie  same  paper  redescribed  what  appeai-s  to  be  the  true  gracilis 

as  Gnathopogon  ishikaira\ 

129.    [ISO]  Hemibarbus  barbus  (Tennninck  and  Schlegel).    Sai;  M/r/oi  =  Skin-carp. 

Osaka  and  Tokyo  mai'kets  (Jordan);  Lake  Suwa  (Jordan);  Nagano  (Nakano); 
Hino  River,  Fukui;  Lake  Kasumigaura  (Hattori). 

Generally  common  southward  in  lakes  and  (juiet  streams.  .  . 

One  young  specimen  from  Nagano,  otherwise  typical,  has  the  body  and  head 
much  darker  than  usual,  and  the  spots  on  the  body  more  numerous  and  darker. 
The  normal  coloration  at  different  ages  has  been  well  described  by  Tanaka." 

We  have  not  sufficient  material  fi'om  outside  Japan  to  test  the  alleged  identity 
of  this  species  with  Hemibarbus  labeu  of  the  Asiatic  mainland. 

Genus  Belligobio  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:     Belligobio  eristigma  Jordan  and  Hubbs. 

Belligobio  is  related  to  Hemibarbus,  but  differs  in  having  the  last  simple  ray 
of  the  dorsal  fin  unossified,  flexible,  articulated,  not  a  coarse  bony  spine,  and  in 
having  the  snout  moi'c  ]irodiiced.  Both  genei'a  are  related  to  Gobio.  having  scales 
of  the  same  t.ype. 

Body  elongate;  head  long,  the  snout  sharjily  jii-oduced,  longer  than  postorliital; 
a  rather  conspicuous  flap  between  the  nostrils;  mouth  very  low,  horizontal,  chiefly 
lateral;  upper  lip  normal,  largely  covered  by  the  slightly  projecting  rostral  fold; 
lower  lij)  produced  backward  as  a  triangular  median  flap  in  contact  with  the  gular 
groove;  lower  jaw  entirely  included;  posterior  maxillary  barbels  present,  rather 
shoi't,  arising  fi-om  lower  edge  of  maxillary  near  its  end;  gill-rakers  short  but  thick, 
four  on  lower  liml)  of  outer  arch;  pharyngeal  teeth  5,  3,  1,  the  larger  ones  with  a 
broad  and  deeply  excavated  grinding  surface;  bones  of  snout  exjianded,  sub- 
orbitals, preopercle.  and  mandible  with  highly  developed  mucous  cavities;  dorsal 

'*  Annot.  ZoOl.  .lap.,  VII,  1009,  ]).  131. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  173 

fin  with  7,  anal  with  (3  l)raiiehc(l  rays;  dorsal  beginning  a  little  before  ventrals; 
anal  far  l)ehin<l  the  dorsal;  lateral  line  scai'cely  decurved,  running  on  caudal 
peduncle  a  little  below  middle  of  depth. 

130.   [186A]  Belligobio  eristigma  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 

(Plate  IX;  fig.  3.) 

Type,  an  adult  female,  118  mm.  long  to  caudal,  collected  by  Kumachichi 
Mikamo  near  Okayama  (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes  No.  7820.) 

One  paratype  was  taken  with  the  type;  another  was  collected  by  Abe  at 
Himeji.    Both  of  these  localities  are  in  the  Inland  Sea  drainage  of  Hondo. 

Head,  3.65  (3.45  in  jiaratj^pes)  in  standard  length;  greatest  depth  of  body, 
4.9  (4.6  to  5.2).  Least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  about  2.0  in  its  length,  3.15 
(to  3.2)  in  head;  snout,  2.3  (2.2);  interorbital,  4.0  (to  3.8);  postorbital,  2.55  (to 
2.65) ;  eye  to  end  of  fold  of  mouth,  4.0  (to  4.4) ;  length  of  upper  jaw,  4.3  (4.0  to  4.4). 

Form  rather  slender,  not  particularly  trim,  the  outhnes  not  being  even 
curves;  body  weakly  compressed;  snout  much  produced,  considerably  longer  than 
postorbital;  interorbital  flat,  bony,  with  three  longitudinal  ridges,  of  which  the 
outer  two  diverge  outwardly  toward  the  nostrils.  In  preserved  specimens  a  hori- 
zontal groove  extends  forward  horizontally  from  below  each  nostril,  joining  its 
fellow  in  a  wide  curve,  as  viewed  from  above;  antei'ior  nostril  with  a  raised  I'im, 
the  posterior  nostril  with  a  fimbriate  border;  between  the  two  there  is  a  wide 
rounded  flap,  large  enough  to  cover  either  nostril  when  depressed;  extreme  tip  of 
snout  abruptly  decurved  to  form  the  rostral  fold,  which  medially  is  on  a  level  a 
pupil's  length  below  eye,  and  which  partially  overhangs  upper  jaw.  The  moder- 
ately thick  upper  lip  slightly  overlaps  the  base  of  the  barbel,  which  is  inserted  on 
the  lower  edge  of  maxillary  near  its  end;  barbel  about  two-thirds  eye,  extending 
slightl}'  beyond  vertical  from  hinder  rim  of  jiosterior  nostril;  upj^er  jaw  a  vei'v 
little  longer  than  eye,  but  not  reaching  to  below  the  anterior  nostril;  gape  largely 
lateral,  very  little  oblique;  lower  lip  moderately'  thick  laterally,  deflected  backward 
from  the  symphyseal  region  to  the  gular  groove  as  a  flap  one-fifth  as  long  as  the 
orbit,  and  having  the  shape  of  an  isosceles  triangle;  gill-rakers  rather  large,  but 
short  and  fleshy,  angular  in  form,  2-|-4  in  number;  pharyngeal  teeth  triserial,  5,3, 
1,  the  larger  ones  with  broad,  deeply  excavated  grinding  surfaces  and  little  hooked 
tips.  Peritoneum  silvery  with  brown  spots;  intestine  shorter  than  body;  aii-- 
bladder  very  large.  Lateral  Une  complete,  barely  decurved  anteriorly,  running  a 
little  below  middle  of  dej^th  on  caudal  peduncle.  Scales  moderate,  5.5  or  6  from 
origin  of  dorsal  to  lateral  line,  13  between  dorsal  fin  and  occiput,  40  (39  to  41) 


174  MEMOIRS  OF  TIIK  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

along  lateral  line  to  caudal  base,  3  (3  to  4)  between  lateral  line  and  ventral  inser- 
tion, 4.5  between  lateral  line  and  anal  oi'igin,  15  around  narrowest  part  of  caudal 
peduncle.  The  individual  scales  are  broadly  semioval  in  outline,  with  basilateral 
angles  narrowly  rounded;  the  basal  margin  truncate,  with  a  broad  median  con- 
vexity; the  focus  within  the  basal  fourth  of  the  length  of  the  scale;  the  basal  circuh 
close-set  and  parallel  with  the  basal  margin,  while  the  lateral  circuli  are  moder- 
ately spaced,  about  as  in  most  American  Cyprinidce,  and  flare  outwardly  to  meet 
the  scale  margin  at  an  angle;  the  anterior  field  traversed  only  by  rudimentary 
circuli,  but  with  the  radii  rather  strong  and  numerous,  extending  from  very  near 
the  focus  and  from  intermediate  origins  to  points  on  the  margin,  between  which 
the  scale  is  produced  in  narrow  scallops;  no  lateral  or  basal  radii.  Dorsal  rays, 
2,  7;  anal,  2,  6;  dorsal  fin  inserted  well  forward,  its  fourth  ray  lying  over  ventral 
insertion,  its  origin  nearer  by  length  of  eye  from  tip  of  snout  than  caudal  base; 
origin  of  anal  but  little  nearer  end  of  dorsal  base  than  caudal  base;  length  of  the 
depressed  dorsal  contained  1.2  times  in  the  dorso-occipital  interval;  pectoral 
reaching  to  within  less  than  one  diameter  of  eye  from  ventral,  which  fails  to  reach 
the  anus  by  a  somewhat  greater  distance;  the  depressed  anal  reaches  about  to 
middle  of  caudal  base;  second  dorsal  ray  a  very  little  stiffened  basally,  but  still 
ciuite  flexible;  it  remains  thin  and  preserves  the  articulations,  being  essentially 
like  the  corresponding  anal  ray,  and  barely  showing  an  approach  toward  the  bony 
spine  oiHemiharhus. 

The  most  striking  feature  of  the  species  is  the  coloration,  correctly  indicated 
on  Plate  IX,  Fig.  3. 

131.   [192]  Pseudogobio  esocinus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Kamatsuka  =  River  Dodger. 

Lake  Biwa,  Kachi  River  at  Nagoya  (Jordan);  Kumamoto  (Wakiya) ;  Lake 
Suwa  (Jordan);  Nagano  (Nakano);  Himeji  (Abe);  Okayama  (Mikamo);  Chikuma 
River  (Ota);  River  at  Yamada  (Tsuchiga). 

A  gudgeon  of  remarkable  appearance,  looking  like  the  American  genus 
Hypentelium. 

Genus  Sarcocheilichthys  Bleeker. 

In  Sarcocheilichthys  the  barbels  are  very  variable.  In  *S'.  variegatus,  though 
constantly  short  and  slender  in  the  young,  they  become  shorter  and  thicker  with 
age,  often  becoming  reduced  to  papillse,  or  are  even  entirely  lost.  The  lower  lip 
is  thick  and  fleshy  on  each  side,  but  obsolete  toward  the  hard  and  narrow  symphy- 
seal  pi'ojection;  the  gape  as  viewed  from  below  is  strongly  sigmoid  on  each  side. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  175 

The  anus  is  advanced  in  jwsition,  being  almost  as  near  the  ventral  insertion  as 
the  anal  origin.  The  oviduct  is  extended  as  a  long  white  tube,  which  is  retractile 
within  a  large  pocket,  and  which  can-ies  the  rectum  outward  for  some  distance 
along  its  front  lioi'der. 

In  Pungtungia  and  Pseudorasbora  the  lower  lip  is  also  practically  restricted 
to  the  lateral  lobes;  in  Pungtungia  the  mouth  is  also  inferior,  but  the  median  ex- 
tension of  the  mandible  is  broad  and  truncate,  and  the  barbel  is  longer;  in 
Pseudorasbora  the  mouth  is  dorso-terminal  and  transverse,  and  the  barbel  wholly 
lacking.  In  Biiciu  the  lower  lip  is  continuous,  but  everywhere  thin,  the  mouth 
small  and  inferior,  the  gape  a  half-oval;  in  Abbottina  the  lower  lip  on  each  side  is 
heavy  and  divided  into  a  lateral  lobe  and  an  anterior  almost  barbel-like  process; 
in  Pseudogobio  the  greatly  expanded  lips,  as  well  as  the  fleshy  structure  surrounded 
by  the  lower  lips,  are  all  strongh'  papillate. 

132.   [193]  Sarcocheilichthys  variegatus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
//;'(/fn'  =  Red  Dace;  »Sa/,-«rf7-feae  =  Cherry-Dace. 

Lake  Biwa  (Jordan  and  Kawamura) ;  Kachi  River  at  Nagoya  (Jordan) ; 
Kumamoto  (Wakiya);  Himeji  (Abe);  Lake  8uwa  (Ota);  Lake  Alikata,  Lake 
Kasumigaura  (Hattori). 

A  common  species  in  Lake  Biwa. 

133.   [Extraterr.]  Sarcocheilichthys  morii  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 

Type,  a  female  10(J  mm.  long  to  caudal  fin,  collected  by  Dr.  Yojiro  Wakiya  in 
the  River  Ping-yang,  Korea,  (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7824). 

Dorsal  rays,  2,  7;  anal,  2,  6;  scale  rows  4.5  or  5-39-5  (to  anal  origin)  or  3.5 
(to  ventral  insertion);  pharyngeal  teeth  5,  l-I,  5,  weakly  and  bluntly  hooked, 
with  developed  grinding  surfaces;  no  barbels.  Head,  4.2;  depth  of  body,  3.8; 
depth  of  caudal  peduncle  two-thirds  its  length,  1.75  in  head;  eye  4.5;  snout,  2.65; 
interorbital,  2.95.  Mouth  small,  the  upper  jaw  reaching  to  below  nostril  only; 
lower  jaw  pointed,  included;  lower  lip  thick  and  pendant  on  sides,  interrupted  in 
the  middle.  Fourth  dorsal  ray  over  insertion  of  ventral,  and  midway  between 
tip  of  snout  and  base  of  caudal;  top  of  dorsal  straight;  the  first  branched  ray 
longest,  1.15  in  head;  caudal  forked;  pectoral  rounded,  its  length  1.3  in  head,  or 
1.3  in  pectoral-ventral  interspace;  ventral  fins  reaching  almost  to  anus,  1.45  in 
head;  anal  fin  with  straight  margin,  its  longest  ray,  l.G  in  head;  anus  distant  from 
anal  fin,  but  nearer  anal  than  ventral;  rectum  carried  out  for  some  distance  along 
front  of  produced  oviduct;  lateral  line  straight,  complete. 


176  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

General  color  pale,  deepening  on  l)ack.  and  marked  by  irregularly  disposed, 
V'ertically  elongate,  deej)  brown  spots,  antl  by  dark  scale-edgings.  Dorsal  with 
some  red  medially,  with  a  subterminal  blackish  bar  on  the  rays  only,  black  streaks 
distally  on  first  two  interradial  membranes,  and  medially  in  last  two  membranes; 
base  of  rays  black,  the  fii-st  branched  ray  for  over  one-third  its  length,  those  follow- 
ing for  a  progressively  lesser  distance;  caudal  lobes,  especially  the  lower  one, 
darkened  mesially.  Prof.  JMori  in  his  recently  published  "List  of  the  Fresh-water 
Fishes  of  Korea,"  simply  records  the  names  of  this  species.  Two  other  species 
have  been  described  from  the  Yangtse-Kiang  and  one  from  tlie  Amur  Basin." 
The  Korean  form  appears  to  be  related  to  Sarcocheilichthys  ynaculatus  (GUnther)/' 
but  differs  in  various  counts  and  proportions. 

We  name  this  minnow  for  Professor  Tamezo  Mori,  mammalogist  of  the  Heijo 
High  School,  Seoul,  Korea,  who  is  making  a  stud>'  of  Korean  vertebrates.  Pro- 
fessor Mori,  at  Stanford  University,  wliile  these  lines  are  being  written,  has  a 
specimen  of  the  same  species  (which  we  designate  as  a  paratype),  from  the  Han 
River,  Korea. 

Genus  Pungtungia  Herzenstein. 

Pungtungia  Herzenstein,  Bull.  Ac.  Imp.  Sci.  St.  Pet..  XIII,  1892,  p.  231  {P. 

herzi). 
Zezera  Jordan  and   Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  837,  (Z.  hil- 

gendorjl  Ishikawa) . 

We  have  been  able  to  examine  specimens  of  Pungtungia  herzi  (the  typical 
species  of  the  genus)  through  the  courtesy  of  Prof.  Tamezo  ]\Iuri,  who  collected 
them  in  the  Han  River,  Korea.  This  Korean  species  usually  has  the  teeth  5-5, 
as  in  P.  herzensteini,  and  in  fact  differs  but  slightly  from  that  species.  The  snout 
is  somewhat  longer,  a  little  longer  than  the  postorbital. 

The  Japanese  genus  Zezera  from  Lake  Biwa  seems  inseparable  from 
Pungtungia. 

134.   [195]  Pungtungia  hilgendorfi  (Ishikawa). 

Kumamoto,  Hamada  (Wakiya);  Himeji  (Abe);  Yamaguchi' (Ishikawa). 

Jordan  and  Fowler  described  this  species  on  the  basis  of  their  own  material, 
although  Ishikawa  had  already  named  it  in  manuscript.  The  specimen  described 
by  Jordan  and  Fowler  (Cat.  No.  7722,  Stanford  Fish  Collection)  becomes  the 
type  of  the  species,  and  Funayado  on  Kyusyu  Island  the  type-localitj'. 

"  Leo  Berg,  Mem.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.  Totersb.,  (S),  XXIV,  1909,  91. 

'^  Pscvdogobio  maculahis  Giinther,  Ami.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (6),  I,  18SS,  pi.  432. — Steindachner; 
Denksch.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  LIX,  1S92,  p.  370,  fig.  4  (figure  of  oviduct). 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  177 

135.    [197]    Pseudorasbora  parva  (Temminck  ;uid  Schlcgel).     J/('n*A-o  =  Minnow. 

Kaclii  River,  at  Nagoya  (Jordan) ;  Kunuunoto  (Wakiya) ;  Lake  Mikata, 
Fukiu,  Fukuoka,  Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu  (Jordan  and  Kawannua). 

Nui)tial  males  have  the  pearl-organs  restricted  to  a  single  series  along  the 
sides  of  the  cheeks,  and  to  a  series  on  the  lower  side  of  the  head,  inside  the  curve 
of  the  mouth.  Air.  George  S.  Myers  has  lately  shown  that  the  nominal  species, 
Fundulichthys  viresccns  Schlegel  is  based  on  a  bad  figure  of  Pseudorasbora  parva. 

AcAHARA  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:    Richardsonius  semotilus  Jordan  and  Starks. 

Mori  in  his  "List  of  Fresh-water  Fishes  of  Korea"  makes  incid(>ntal  reference 
to  the  as  yet  unpublished  generic  name  Acahara,  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  referring  to 
it  Richardso7iius  semotilus  and  Richardsonius  brandti.  As  this  was  the  first  appear- 
ance of  this  generic  name  in  print,  R.  semotilus  may  be  designated  as  the  type  of 
the  genus. 

Of  the  Japanese  minnows  currently  referred  to  Lcuciscus  two,  having  lai'ge 
scales,  Ix'long  in  Gnathopogon  {ccerulescens  and  japonicus) ;  thi-ee,  Judcdnensis, 
phalacrocorax,  and  taczanoivskii,  together  witli  Phoxinus  septentrionalis,  com]:)i-ise 
a  group  which  we  here  name  Acahara;  while  other  species  jouyi  and  dorobce,  to- 
gether with  Phoxinus  steindachneri  and  Pseudaspius  atrilatus,  form  another 
natural  series,  which  we  call  Moroco.  Both  Acahara  and  Moroco  are  also  repre- 
sented by  species  on  the  Asiatic  mainland. 

Neither  of  these  groups  seem  to  be  congeneric  with  Cj/prinus  lcuciscus  Lin- 
naeus, which  through  tautonymy  is  the  type  of  the  genus  Lcuciscus  Cuvier  (1817). 
That  genus  corresponds  to  Dabula  Rafinesque  (1S20)  to  Sfiu(dius  Bonaparte  (1837) 
and  to  CepJudus  Bonaparte  (1845).  At  present  Acahara  cannot  be  sharply  dif- 
ferentiated from  Telcstes  {Telestes  multicellus) ,  anothcn-  Eui'o]X'an  group,  noi-  fi-om 
some  of  the  American  divisions  of  Leuciscus,  such  as  Siboma  and  Tigovui.  But 
while  awaiting  a  critical  study  of  all  the  leuciscine  types,  we  think  it  safer  and  more 
natural  to  define  and  name  the  group  Acahara  than  to  refer  it  to  any  of  the  genera 
mentioned.    The  genus  Moroco  is  still  more  readily  separated. 

The  provisional  genus  Acahara  comprises  large  dace  having  the  following 
characters:  body  elongate,  subterete;  head  bluntly  subconic,  with  the  mouth 
slightly  overhung  by  the  rostral  fold;  gape  slightly  obli(iue,  ai'ched;  lower  jaw 
included;  lips  normal,  the  lower  with  a  l)road  frenum;  gill-rakers  short  and  slender, 
9  to  12  in  numbei'  on  lower  limb  of  outer  arch;  pharyngeal  teeth  biserial,  with 
four  oi-  five  hooked  teeth  in  the  outer  row,  and  two  teeth  in  the  le.sser  series ;dor.sal 


178  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

fin  insert (kI  over  ventral  base  a  little  behind  middle  of  length  of  body;  anal  fin 
inserted  fai'  behind  dorsal:  doi'sal  with  seven,  anal  with  seven  or  eight  branched 
rays;  scales  rather  small,  60  to  93  along  lateral  line;  each  scale  oval  in  outline, 
with  the  focus  well  basad  of  middle;  lateral  and  apical  radii  strongly  developed; 
circuli  subcontinuous,  present  on  all  fields,  nearly  parallel  to  scale-margin,  and 
moderately  well  spaced,  as  in  American  minnows  in  general;  intestine  short;  peri- 
toneum pale;  color  uniform,  without  specialized  darkened  scales.  In  breeding 
males  the  pearl-organs  are  thickly  scattered  over  the  top  of  the  head  and  body;  of 
these  a  few  (about  one  to  a  scale  on  the  back  and  a  corresponding  number  on  the 
top  of  the  head)  may  be  somewhat  enlarged,  and  white  in  color;  minute  hooks  are 
ranged  in  single  file  along  the  rays  on  both  sides  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins,  and 
on  the  inner  side  of  the  paired  fins. 

Three  species  of  Acahara  may  be  recognized  in  Japanese  waters,  being  distin- 
guished by  the  size  of  the  scales.  In  most  of  the  rivers  and  adjacent  coasts  the 
scales  are  about  seventy-five  in  number,  the  extreme  known  range  being  from 
sixty-five  to  eighty-three,  the  average  varying  with  the  locality  from  about  .^eventy 
to  about  eighty,  without  definite  geographical  correlation.  The  names  hakonensis 
(by  error  hukuensis) ,  taczanowskii,  and  septentrionalis  belong  with  this  seemingly 
inseparable  complex.  In  the  streams  tributary  to  Tokyo  Bay  and  Lake  Kasumi- 
gaura  there  is  a  better  defined  race,  with  only  60  to  71  scales  (average  66.2)  in  the 
I'ow;  this  form,  phalacrocorax,  may  be  retained  as  a  valid  species.  In  Lake  Jusan, 
near  x\omori,  there  is  an  equally  distinct  form,  which  we  call  jusanensis,  known  by 
a  single  specimen  having  more  than  90  scales  along  the  lateral  line. 

The  vernacular  name,  Akahara  (Red-belly),  currently  applied  to  the  species 
of  this  genus,  refers  to  a  narrow  stripe  of  Ijright  red  running  straight  from  the  head 
to  the  tail  in  the  adult  male. 

136.   [201  and  202]  Acahara  hakonensis  (GUnther). 
Ugui  =  T)Sice;  Aka-Jiara  =  Red-belly. 

Leuciscus  hakue7isis  GIjnther,  Challenger  Reports,  Shore-Fishes,  1880,  p.  72, 
pi.  31,  fig.  B.  (adjudged  by  tlie  International  Commission  on  Zoological 
Nomenclature  to  be  a  slip  from  hakonensis,  Lake  Hakone  being  misread 
"Hakoue"  on  the  label). 

Phoxinus  scptentriomdis  Jordan  and  Seale,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.     XXX,    1906, 
p.  143,  fig.  1. 
Tokyo  market  (Jordan) ;  Hamada  (Wakiya) ;  Lake  Kawaguchi  (Wakiya  and 

Ishikawa);  Lake  Yamanaka  (Wakiya  and  Ishikawa);  Nagano  (Nakano) ;  Himeji 

(Abe);  Okayama  (Mikamo) ;  Akita,  Hiki   River,  Kishu,  (Kui'oiwa);  Lake  .Kisaki 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922. 


179 


(Ota);  Aomori  (Beppu) ;  Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ;  Xoo  (Morioka),  Awaya,  Lake 
Togo,  Tottori  (Inomata):  Kaniishibi  near  Fukui,  Lake  Mikata,  Fukui,  Lake  Suwa 
(Jordan);  Lake  Biwa  (Jordan);  Lake  Hakone  (Jordan). 

A  very  narrow  straight  bright  orange  stripe  along  lower  part  of  body  in  inal(\s; 
some  orange  on  lower  part  of  head. 

The  minnows  of  Japan  referred  by  Jordan  and  Fowler"  to  Lcuciscushakucnsia, 
L.  phalacrocurax,  and  L.  taczanoicskii  appear  to  represent  a  group  of  local  races, 
between,  none  of  which  can  any  trenchant  differences  be  discovered.  Theii-  L. 
taczanowskii  is  composed  of  two  forms,  one  with  about  80  the  othei-  with  al)()ut 
90  scales  in  the  lateral  line;  the  former  represents  L.  taczcoiuirskii  pioix-r, 
while  the  latter  lies  without  the  known  limits  of  variation  of  the  other  Japanese 
forms,  and  is  here  regarded  as  a  new  species,  L.  jusanensis.  Our  matei'ial 
from  tributaries  of  the  Japanese  Sea  shows  fewer  scales  on  the  average,  not 
more,  as  currently  indicated,  than  is  characteristic  of  true  hakonensis  (of  which 
we  have  topotypic  material).  We  are  in  fact  unable  to  distinguish  nomen- 
claturally  between  the  majority  of  the  local  races.  One  race,  however,  that  named 
L.  phalacrocorox  by  Jordan  and  Fowler,  seems  well  enough  differentiated  to 
warrant  its  retention  as  a  valid  species. 

SCALE-VARI.iTION  IN  AcAH.^RA  HAKONENSIS. 


Scales  along  Lateral  Line 

TO  Caud 

AL  Base 

'Averages 

65      66 

1         •         1                  ■                  •         .         1         1 
67     68     69     70     71     72      73     74     75     76    77      78     79     80     81     82     83 

Lake  Kawaguchi      ...    1   1 . .    1   - 

1 
1 

2 

2 

2 

4 
1 

2 

1 

1    .. 

1      1 

2 

1 

2 
1 

1 

*  • 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

70  3 

Aomori,  Morioka,  and 
Otaru 

1 

2 
2 

2 
1 

1  '  2 

1 

72  3 

Lake  Yamanaka 

Drainage  of 
Spa  of  .Tanan 

•  ■ 

1  ..      2 

2  12 

1 

3 

1 

4 

1 
1 

73 . 4 
74   7 

Ebi.su,  Sado  Island.  .  . 

1 

1 

..      .. 

. .   1. . 

2 

4 
? 

74  . .") 

74   s 

' 

1 

1    . . 

1,..  !.. 
1    . 

Drainage  of  Inland  Sea 

1 

1  j  1 

7tl.() 
7S  0 

Tokyo  Market . . 

2  ..  ..  i. 

79.0 

Totals ;  1   :..     ..      2  ,  2  !  2  i  9  :  8  j  6  1  4  il4 

12      7 

.,    ,  4 

4 

1    ..   :  1        74.5 

Phoxinus  septentrionalis  Jordan  and  Seale,  of  which  we  have  paratj^pes  at 
hand,  is  based  on  young  specimens  of  Acahara  hakonensis.  The  supposed  incom- 
pleteness of  the  lateral  line  is  largely  due  to  the  accidental  loss  of  scales. 

"  Proc.  r.  S.  X.  M.  ,XXVI,  1903,  pp.  S44-S48. 


180  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

137.    [205]    Acahara  phalacrocorax  (Jordan  and  Fowler).     .<4AY/-/(ara  =  Red-belly. 

Tama  River,  just  below  the  original  type-locality  (Jordan);  Lake  Kasumi- 
gaura  (Hattori) ;  Fiikui.    Males  with  an  orange  lateral  sti'eak,  lowei-  fins  briglit  red. 

This  species  is  merely  the  local  form  of  the  \\ide-spread  Leiiciscus  hakonensis, 
representing  that  form  in  tlie  waters  tributary  to  Tokyo  Bay  and  Lake  Kasumi- 
gaui'a  just  to  the  northward.  It  is  distinguished  by  the  larger  size  of  its  scales, 
which  numli(M-  13  to  16,  most  usually  14,  from  the  origin  of  the  dorsal  fin  to  the 
lateral  line,  and  GU  to  71  (average,  66.2)  along  the  lateral  line  to  the  caudal  base. 
Li  Leuciscus  hakonensis  there  are  13  to  18,  most  frequently  15  scales  from  the 
dorsal  fin  to  the  lateral  line;  and  05  to  83  along  the  latei'al  line  to  the  caudal  fin, 
the  average  ranging  in  diffei'ent  I'aces  from  about  70  to  al)out  80,  and  being  for  the 
entire  series  as  counted  by  us,  74.5.  Further  work,  however,  w  ill  jirobably  show 
still  further  intergradation  between  tlie  two  forms,  and  it  may  become  impossible 
to  recognize  L.  plidUtrrocorax  as  distinct. 

138.   [206]  Acahara  jusanensis  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 
Leiiciscus  taczanowskii  Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  8.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  848 

(description,  and  Lake  Jusan  record  only);  (not  of  Steindachner). 

The  type  is  an  adult  specimen  from  Lake  Jusan,  near  Aomori,  Province  of 
Mutsu,  presented  to  Dr.  Jordan  by  Director  Sotaro  Saito  of  the  Aomori  Museum 
in  1900;  Cat.  No.  7352,  Stanford  University  collection  (Car.  Mus.  Cat.  Fishes, 
No.  7828). 

This  species  is  sufficiently  well  descrilied  by  Jordan  and  Fow'ler.  The  scales 
in  the  lateral  line,  93  on  one  side,  90  on  the  other,  are  smaller  than  in  related 
species.^*  According  to  Dr.  Berg  Leuciscus  taczanowskii  is  identical  with  Leuciscus 
hrandli  (Dybowsky).  This  species  is  recorded  b.y  Jordan  and  Metz  from  Chin- 
nampo  and  Gensan.  A  very  distinct  species  of  Acahara  (A.  semotilus  Jordan  and 
Starks)  has  been  described  from  Fusan  in  Korea.  In  ^4.  brandti  from  Lake  Chanka, 
Siberia,  the  scales  are  83,  the  back  blackish. 

Genus  Moroco  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:     Pseudaspius  bergi  Jordan  and  Metz. 

Moi-i  in  his  "List  of  Fresh-water  Fishes  of  Korea"  has  listed  Moroco  bergi 
Jordan  and  Hubbs  without  explanation,  liaving  evidently  taken  the  name  fiom  a 
labelled  specimen  in  the  Stanford  University  Collection.  This  publication  induces 
us  to  make  P.  bergi  the  genotype  of  Moroco,  as  it  is  the  first  species  to  be  published 
undei'  the  new  generic  name,  which  we  ai'e  here  proposing. 

'^^  Sec  Berg,  Ichth.  Amureiisis,  1909,  pp.  10.5-lOS. 


JORDAN  AND  HI-BBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  181 

Our  reasons  for  separating  this  group  from  Leucisciis  appear  n  the  discussions 
under  tlu-  head  of  the  genus  Acahara  and  in  the  following  descrijjtion. 

Body  approaching  the  form  of  a  Top-minnow  {Gambusia).  the  anterodorsal 
and  ])osteroventral  outlines  being  subhorizontal  and  parallel;  snout  pointed,  some- 
what overhanging  the  upper  lip;  lower  jaw  included,  with  its  Hp  rather  thick,  with 
a  broad  frenum;  gill-rakerg  more  or  less  rudimentary,  onh"  3  to  6  on  lower  limb: 
pharyngeal  teeth  biserial,  with  four  or  five  teeth  in  the  outer  row.  and  two  in  tlie 
lesser  row;  dorsal  fin  posteriorly  located,  its  origin  Ijeing  behind  the  end  of  ventral 
base;  origin  of  anal  under  its  last  ray;  dorsal  and  anal  each  with  seven  branched 
raj's;  scales  small  or  minute;  individual  scales  oval  in  outline,  with  the  focus  well 
basad  of  middle;  the  radii  strongly  developed  on  all  fields  of  scale;  the  eirculi 
continuous,  well-spaced  and  parallel  with  margin  of  scale;  intestine  short;  pei'i- 
toneum  dark.  Body  marked  with  specialized  darkened  scales,  as  in  certain 
American  genera  {Rhinichthys,  etc.).  Nuptial  males  with  the  upper  parts  of  the 
head  and  body  covered  with  minute  pearl-organs. 

Moroko  is  a  vernacular  name  for  small  dace  of  this  type. 

In  addition  to  the  type-species  we  refer  three  other  species  to  Moroco.  Thej^ 
may  be  distinguished  b}'  means  of  the  following  key. 

c.  Caudal  peduncle  excessively  deep  in  the  adult,  its  least  depth  nearly  two-thirds  length  of  head. 

.Scales  in  lateral  line  to  caudal  base  fewer  than  70.    Tsushima jouyi. 

cc.  Caudal  peduncle  mf)derately  deep  in  the  adult,  its  least  depth  about  half  length  of  head.     Dark 
scales  more  conspicuous  than  the  lateral  stripe. 
d.  Scales  in  the  lateral  line  70  to  SO.    Eye  in  adult  only  half  length  of  snout.    Southern  Japan. 

i^leindachneri. 

dd.  Scales  in  the  lateral  line  al)out  100.    Korea bergi.'^ 

ccc.  Caudal  iieduncle  slender  in  the  adult,  its  least  depth  about  one-third  length  of  head.  Dark 
lateral  stripe  more  consi)ieuous  than  the  darkened  scales.  Scales  in  lateral  line  about  80.  Lake 
^  anianaka yamamotis. 

139.   [2()()|  Moroco  steindachneri  (Sauvage). 
Abura-hai  =  Fat  minnow;  Dorobae  =  Alud-minnow. 

Phoxinus  steindachneri  Sauvage,  Bull.  8oc.  Philom.,  Paris,  1883,  p.  5. — Jordan 
and  Fowler.  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M..  XXVI,  1903,  p.  850  (after  Sauvage). 

Hemitremia  steindachneri  Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo, 
XXXIII,  1913,  p.  71  (after  Sauvage). 

°'  Pseiiddx/yius  bergi  Jordan  and  Metz,  Mem.  Car.  :Mus.,  VI,  191.3,  p.  22,  pi.  Ill,  fig.  2  (scale-count 
apparently  too  high).  F^eudaainu^  mode.stus  Jordan  and  Metz,  I.  c,  p.  23,  ])1.  Ill,  fig.  3  (scale-count  too 
low).  We  have  examined  the  paratypes  of  these  nominal  species,  and  fintl  the  scale-counts  in  essential 
agreement. 


1<S2  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Leuciscus  jouyi  Jordan  and  Fowler,  /.  c,  p.  849   (Kaminutani  River,  record 

only); — Tanaka,  Annot.  Zool.  Jaix,  VII,  1909,  p.  134.     Not  Lenciscus  jouyi 

Joidaii  and  Snyder. 
Leuciscus  dorobw  Ishikawa,  Proc.  Dept.  Nat.  Hist.,  Tokyo  Ini]).  Univ.,  I,  1904, 

p.  6,  pi.  3,  fis-  2. 
Pseudaspiiis  atrilatus  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1914,  231, 

pi.  XXVI,  fig.  3  (paratypes  seen). 

Kumamoto,  Hamada  (Wakiya) ;  Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ;  Kinano  River,  Kishu 
(Kuroiwa):  Kamishibi,  Fukui,  Nagano  (Nakano);  Yamanashi  (Imperial  Museum 
1900). 

It  has  not  heretofore  been  suspected  that  the  three  names  listed  in  the 
synonymy  really  refer  to  the  same  fish,  but  we  are  cjuite  sui'e  that  this  is  the  case. 
The  species  is  extremely  close  to  Moroco  jouyi,  which  appears  to  be  a  local  form 
confined  to  the  island  of  Tsushima,  and  differing  from  both  the  Japanese  M. 
steindachncri  and  the  Korean  species,  M.  bergi.  These  forms  are  contrasted  in 
the  key  given  above. 

Nuptial  males  have  the  uj^per  parts  of  the  head  and  body  covered  with  minute 
pearl-organs. 

140.   [200AJ  Moroco  yamamotis  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 

Type  110  mm.  long  to  caudal  base,  collected  by  Masashi  Ishikawa  in  Lake 
Yamanaka  on  the  East  side  of  Fuji-San  in  Koshu,  Car.  Mus.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7829. 
Two  paratypes,  96  and  63  mm.  long,  were  obtained  with  the  tyi:)e. 

This  species  bears  a  fairly  close  resemblance  to  Leuciscus  hakonensis  (of 
which  we  have  specimens  taken  in  the  same  lake),  but  it  differs  trenchantly  in 
having  the  gill-rakers  reduced  to  three  to  five  fleshy  projections,  in  place  of  the 
nine  to  twelve  well  develojied  slender  i-akers  of  A.  hakonensis;  in  having  the  dorsal 
fin  inserted  more  posteriorly,  nearer  base  of  caudal  than  the  middle  of  eye  (rather 
than  the  rever.se);  in  the  thicker,  heavier  lips;  in  the  reduction  in  the  size  of  the 
scales  on  the  l)ack,  there  being  about  50  instead  of  about  35  rows  before  the  dorsal 
fin:  in  coloration,  etc.  In  most  of  these  respects  it  agrees  with  Moroco  jouyi  and 
M.  stci)id(tchncri,  of  which  it  may  well  be  the  local  representative.  In  general 
ajjpeai'ance  it  is  cjuite  unlike  M  .jouyi,  the  body  being  slenderer,  the  caudal  peduncle 
attenuate,  rather  than  greatly  deepened,  in  the  adult  about  one-third,  instead  of 
two-tliirds,  as  long  as  the  head.     In  general  the  coloration  is  much  paler,  the 


JORDAN  AND  IIUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  183 

darkened  scales  being  only  indistinctly  developed,  although  the  lateral  band  is 
more  conspicuous;  moreover  the  scales  are  smaller  than  in  M.  jouiji.  In  the  form 
of  the  caudal  peduncle  it  is  less  sharply  separated  from  M.  steindachneri,  but 
the  same  color  differences  hold;  the  eye  is  larger  than  in  M.  steindachneri. 
These  differences  are  given  in  tabular  form  in  our  key. 

Body  foi'med  as  in  Moroco  jouyi,  the  anterodorsal  outline  being  horizontally 
flattened,  the  tail  bent  downward,  but  much  slenderer  and  especially  attenuate 
posteriorly.  Greatest  depth  of  body,  4.65  (to  4.8)  in  standard  length;  least  depth 
of  caudal  peduncle  from  anal  base  to  center  of  caudal  base,  3.1  (2.9  to  3.2)  in  length 
of  head.  To]3  of  head  flattened,  not  very  convex  either  transversely  or  longi- 
tudinally only  genth'  decurved  anteriorly  to  the  edge  of  the  rostral  fold,  which 
is  well  developed,  and  partially  covers  and  overhangs  the  upper  lip,  and  lies  on 
level  of  lowei-  boi'der  of  pupil;  lips  full  laterally,  the  lower  with  a  broad  median 
frenum;  the  mouth  slightly  curved  and  somewhat  obliciue;  gape  largely  lateral; 
upper  jaw  as  long  as  snout,  extending  to  below  front  of  eye.  Head  with  membrane, 
3.5  in  standard  length.  Eye  1.6  (to  1.0  in  young)  in  snout,  4.8  (to  3.8)  in  head; 
snout,  3.1  (to  3.6);  fleshy  interorbital,  3.6  (to  3.65).  Gill-rakers  3  to  5  below 
angle  on  outer  arch,  all  soft  and  very  weak.  Pharyngeal  teeth  4,  2-2,  5,  hooked, 
but  without  developed  grinding  surfaces.  Peritontium  dark.  Intestine  short;  diet 
carnivorous.  Scales  smaller  than  in  other  species  of  Moroco  except  M.  bergi,  21 
or  22  from  origin  of  dorsal  to  lateral  line,  78  (77  to  83)  in  lateral  line;  53  from  origin 
of  dorsal  to  occiput;  8  to  11  from  lateral  hne  to  ventral;  as  seen  under  microscope 
oval,  with  focus  well  basad  of  middle;  circuli  rather  coarse,  well  separated,  running 
parallel  with  margins  of  scales,  radii  strongly  developed  on  all  fields,  including  the 
basal.  Lateral  line  very  weakly  decurved  anteriorly;  running  a  little  below  middle 
of  depth  posteriorly.  The  dorsal  fin,  when  depressed,  not  quite  half  as  long  (except 
in  young)  as  distance  from  its  origin  to  occiput;  pectoral  contained  1.7  (to  1.5) 
times  in  interval  lietween  bases  of  paired  fins;  ventral  fin  reaching  anus;  anal  not 
reaching  much  more  than  half-waj-  to  caudal. 

Color  pale,  becoming  darker  above,  particularly  on  snout;  specialized  darkened 
scales  present,  but  not  conspicuous;  a  dark  lateral  band  follows  the  axial  septum 
of  the  body  muscles,  indistinct  anteriorly,  where  it  curves  upward  well  above  the 
lateral  line,  but  blackish  posteriorly,  where  it  follows  the  lateral  line;  all  fins  with 
some  pigment,  l)ut  the  anal  and  ventrals  ciuite  pale. 

The  species  is  named  for  Dr.  Senzi  Yamamoto  of  the  Imperial  University  of 
Kyoto. 


184  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Genus  Zacco  Jordan  and  Fowler. 
The  species  of  this  genus  have  been  considerably  confused  by  various  authors. 
We  offer  a  brief  synopsis  of  them,  as  far  as  they  are  known. 

a.  locales  relatively  large,  S  (usually)  (ir  II  from  origin  of  (lor.><al  to  lateral  line,  39  to  4.5  along  lateral  line 

to  caudal  base.     Mouth  of  moderate  size,  the  upper  jaw  much  less  than  half  length  of  head;  body 

marked  with  vertical  dark  bars;  anal  fin  of  l)reeding  male  extended  far  beyond  caudal  base. 

().   Pectoral  fins  of  moderate  length,  in  females  and  immature  males  not  nearly  reaching  vertical  from 

ventral  fin,  in  breeding  males  barely  reaching  that  point;  nuptial  tubercles  on  cheek  fused  at 

base.     Japan  and  Korea platypus. 

bb.   Pectoral  fins  elongate,  in  females  and  immature  males  about  reaching  vertical  from  ventral  fin, 

in  breeding  males  much  longer;  nuptial  tubercles  on  cheek  separate.     Formosa evolans. 

an.  Scales  smaller,  9  (rarely)  to  15  from  origin  of  dorsal  fin  to  lateral  line,  46  to  62  along  lateral  line  to 
caudal  base. 

f.  Mouth  of  moderate  size,  the  upper  jaw  scarcely  more  than  one-third  length  of  head;  rostral  fold 
large,  nearly  concealing  the  premaxillaries, 
d.   Nuptial  tul:>ercles  of  head  smaller  and  separate;  side  with  a  dark  longitudinal  streak,  but 

without  cross-bars.    Japan  and  Korea lemmincki. 

(Id.   Nuptial  tubercles  on  side  of  snout  and  on  cheek  hugely  developed,  and  arising  in  each  case 

from  a  broad  horny  common  base ;  male  at  least  with  vertical  cross-bars.    China .  acanlhogeiiys. 

cr.   Mouth  very  large,  the  upper  jaw  almost  half  as  long  as  the  head;  rostral  fold  not  expanded,  and 

not  concealing  the  premaxillaries;  nuptial  tubercles  of  head  separate;  vertical  cross-bars  often 

developed.    Formosa : pachijcephalus. 

141.   [211]  Zacco  platypus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).    //a;/«  =  Minnow. 

Leuciscus  platypus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel)  Richardson,  Rept.  Brit.  Assoc. 
Adv.  8ci.,  for  1845  (1846),  p.  300  (on  proof-sheets  of  Schlegel's  later  account. 
— Temminck  and  Schlegel,  Fauna  Japonica,  Pisces,  1846,  p.  210,  pi.  101, 
fig.  3.  (Xaga.saki). 

Opsariichthys  platypus  Gunther,  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.  AIus.,  YII,  1868,  p.  296  (Formosa 
records  excepted). — Sauvage,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.,  1883,  p.  5. 

Barilius  platypus  Bleeker,  Verh.  Akad.  Amsterdam,  XVIII,  1879,  p.  23. — Jordan 
and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIII,  1901.  p.  344;  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  Ill, 
1901,  p.  47. — Regan,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  1908,  p.  59  (Korean  record). 

Zacco  platypus  Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  851.— 
Smith  and  Pope,  ibid.,  XXXI,  1906,  p.  462.— Tanaka,  Zool.  IMag.,  Xo.  237, 
1908,  p.  235;  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  VII,  1908,  p.  7,  ibid.,  VII,  1909,  p.  133.— 
Cockerell,  Zool.  Anz., XXXVIII,  1911,  p.  85. — Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Jap., 
IV,  1911.  pi.  200,  figs.  72-74;  ibid.,  V,  1912,  p.  83.— Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M., 
XLII,  1912,  p.  404. — Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo, 
XXXIII,  1913,  p.  75.— Jord.\n  and  Thompson,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1914, 
p.  232. — OsHiMA,  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  X,  1919,  p.  237  (Japanese  specimens  only). 

^^  Opsariicldhys  aciinthogeiii/s  Boulenger,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London.  1901,  ]i.  269,  pi.  24,  fig.  1.     The 
University  of  Michigan  has  material  of  this  species  from  Foo-chow,  China. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  185 

Leuciscus  minor  (Temmlnck  and  Schlegel)  Richardson,  Rept.  Brit.  Assoc.  Ad. 

Sci.,  1845  (1846),  p.  300. — Temminck  and  Schlegel,  Fauna  Japonica,  Pisces, 

1846,  p.  210.  pi.  101.  fig.  3. 
Barilius  minor  Bleeker,  Verb.  Akad.  Amsterdam,  (2)  III,  1867,  p.  248;  Verb. 

Akad.  Amsterdam.  XVIII,  1879,  p.  23. 
Leuciscus  mncropus  Tkmmixck  and  Schlegel.  Fauna  Jaiionica,  Pisces,  1846,  p.  209, 

pi.  101,  fig.  2. 
Barilius  macropus  Bleeker,  Verh.  Akad.  Amsterdam,  XMII,  1879,  p.  23. 

Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu  (Jordan  and  Kawamura) ;  Kumamoto  (Wakiya) ;  Himeji 
(Abe);  Okayama  (Mikamo);  Lake  Suwa  (Jordan);  Fukuoka  (Hamada);  Lake 
Mikata,  Fukui,  Kacbi  River  at  Xagoya  (Jordan);  Lake  Kasumigaui-a  (Hattori). 
Generally  common  soutlnvards. 

Barilius  acutipinnis  Bleeker,  from  tbe  Yang-tse-Kiang  of  C'bina,  is  ])erhaps 
identical  with  Zacco  platypus.  Tbe  relation  of  Zacco  to  Barilius  is  in  need  of 
definition. 

Zacco  platypus  bas  erroneously  been  identified  witb  a  Formosan  species,  Z. 
evolans,  by  Osbima,  and  witb  a  Cbinese  species,  Opsariichthys  bidcns,  by  Boulenger. 

Tbe  pharyngeal  teetb  may  be  4  or  5  in  tbe  outer  row.  Tbe  scales  do  not  vary 
widely  in  number,  tbere  being  usually  8,  occasionally  9  from  tbe  origin  of  tbe 
dorsal  to  tbe  lateral  line,  and  from  39  to  45,  usually  41  to  43,  along  tbe  lateral  line 
to  tbe  caudal  base.  In  fully  developed  males,  tbe  anal  fin  is  extended  (by  tbe 
gi-owtb  of  the  rays,  not  by  adipose  extentions,  as  bas  been  suggested)  far  beyond 
the  caudal  base,  (much  farther  than  in  Z.  tcmmincki):  the  nuptial  tubercles  on 
tbe  cheeks  are  united  basally  to  form  a  i)late  approaching  that  of  Z.  acanthogenys 
(a  condition  not  noted  in  Z.  temmincki),  but  tbe  pearl-organs  on  tbe  lower  side  of 
tbe  caudal  peduncle  are  very  small,  several  to  a  scale  (in  Z.  tcmmincki  these  organs 
are  enlarged  and  only  one  is  developed  on  each  scale). 

142.   [Extraterr.]  Zacco  evolans  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

Opsariichthys  platypus  GtJNXHER,  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.  ]\Ius.,  YII,  1868,  p.  296  (For- 
mosan record  only). 

Zacco  platypus  Oshima,  Ann.  Car.  ]Mus.,  X,  1919,  p.  235  (most  of  .synonymy  and 
note  on  "cotype"  of  Z.  evolans  excepted);  Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1920, 
p.  130  mot  of  Ricbard.son). 

Zacco  evolans  Jordan  and  Evermann,  Proc.  V.  S.  X.  M.,  XXV,  1902,  p.  322, 
fig.  5  (type,  but  not  "cotype"). — Jordan  and  Richardson,  Mem.  Car.  ]\Ius., 
IV,  1909.  p.  170.  fig.  6. 


186  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Zacco  temmincki  Oshima,  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  X,  1919,  p.  240  (.spceiinciis  fioni  Daito 

River  only). 

We  have  examined  the  type  of  this  Forniosan  species  (th(>  i^aratype  is  referable 
rather  to  Zacco  pachycephalus) ,  part  of  the  material  called  Z.  platypus  by  Oshima, 
and  two  sjiecimens  from  Daito  River,  wi'ongly  refei'i'ed  l)v  Oshima  to  Zacco 
tetmjiincki. 

143.   [212]  Zacco  temmincki  ( Temminck  and  Schlegel).  Kairaniut^u  =  River-mutsu. 

Leuciscus  temmincki  (Temminck  and  Schlegel)  Richardson,  Rept.  Brit.  A.ssoc. 
Adv.  Sci.  for  1845  (184G),  p.  3U0  (scales  erroneously  counted,  but  identifica- 
tion fixed  by  note  on  color;  account  prior  to  that  by  Schlegel,  who  is  quoted 
as  unpublished). — Temminck  and  Schlegel,  Fauna  Japonica,  Pisces,  1846, 
p.  210,  pi.  101,  fig.  4. 

Opsariichthys  temyninckii  Gunther,  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.  ^lus.,  VII,  1868,  p.  295. — 
Matsubara,  Jap.  Intern.  Fisch.-Au.sst.,  Berlin,  1880,  p.  17. — Xamiye,  Class. 
Cat.  Spec.  Vert.,  1881,  p.  107.— Sauvage,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.,  1883.  p.  5.— 
IsHiKAWA,  Zool.  Mag.,  VII,  1895,  p.  121. — Ishikawa  and  Matsumura,  Prel. 
Cat.,  1897,  p.  11. 

Barilius  temmincki  Bleeker,  Verh.  Akad.  Amsterdam,  XVIII,  1879,  p.  23. — 
.loRDAN  and  Snyder,  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  Ill,  1901,  p.  47. 

Zacco  temmincki  Jordan  and  Fowxer,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  852. — 
Tanaka,  Zool.  Mag.,  Xo.  237,  1908,  p.  235.— Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M., 
XLII,  1912,  p.  404.— (?)  Jordan  and  Metz,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1913,  p.  21 
(Korean  record). — Jordan  and  Thompson,  ibid.,  VI,  1914,  p.  232. — Oshima, 
Ann.  Car.  ISIus.,  X,  1919,  p.  238  (most  of  synonymy  only). — Tanaka,  Annot. 
Zool.  Jap., VII,  1909,  p.  134. — Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci. 
Tokyo,  XXXIII,  1913,  p.  75.— Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Jap..  XVII,  1914, 
pi.  81,  fig.  275;  ibid.,  XVIII,  1914,  p.  296. 

Leuciscus  sieboldi  Temminck  and  Schlegel,  Fauna  Jajxmica,  Pisces,  1846,  p.  211, 
pi.  101,  fig.  5. 

Opsariichthys  sieboldi  Gunther,  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.  ]Mus.,  ATI,  1868,  p.  295. — 
Sauvage,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.,  1883,  p.  5. 

Barilius  sieboldi  Bleeker,  Verh.  Akad.  Amsterdam,  XVIII,  1879,  p.  23. — Jordan 
and  Snyder,  Annot.  Zool.  Ja]).,  Ill,  1901,  p.  47. 

Zacco  sieboldi  Jordan  and  Foavler,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M..  XXVI,  1903,  p.  854. — 
Tanaka,  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  VII,  1908,  p.  6;  Zool.  Mag.,  Xo.  237,  1908,  p.  235. 
— Jordan  and  Thompson,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1914,  p.  232. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  H»22. 


187 


Zacco  mi(.'<uk-urii  Ishikawa,  Proc.  Dcpt.  Nat.  Hist.,  Tokyo  Univ.,  I,  1904,  p.  4, 

pi.  l.fis.  1. 
Zacco  mitsukurii.  var.  a,  Ishikawa,  ibid.,  p.  5,  pi.  2,  fi^-  2. 

Hamada,  Kumainoto,  Ozu,  Island  of  Shikoku,  Lake  Biwa  (Wakiya) ;  Mikawa 
Bay  (Ishikawa);  Himeji  (Abe);  Okayama  (Mikamo);  Fukuoka  (Hamada); 
Yamaguchi. 

The  number  of  scale-rows  in  this  species  varies  widely,  but  we  are  unable  to 
find  evidence  indicating  the  existence  of  two  species,  Z.  temmincki  and  Z.  sieboldi, 
differing  in  the  number  of  scales,  and  ranging  side  by  side  through  southwestern 
Japan.  The  variations  seem  rather  to  be  of  a  purely  local  character.  Our  counts 
ma3'  be  tabulated  as  follows: 

ZACCO  TEIVOIIXCKI. 


Number  of  Trans 

VERSE    Rows 

OF 

Scales 

Localities                                46  '  47  '  48     49     5°     5i     52     S3  '  54  1  55     56     57     58     59    60 

Aver.«-,es 

Shikoku  Island,  Drainage  of 

Inland  Sea 1  1 

46 

Mikawa  Bay  (East  of  Inland  Sea).  .  . 

1 

^ 

48 

Hondo  Drainage  of  Inland  Sea. ...    1 

2 

7 

1 

2 

3 

3 

1 

1 

3 

52 

Hamada,  Drainage  of  Sea  of  Japan  .  . 

1 

2 

4 

2 

1 

52 

Kyusyu  (South  of  Inland  Sea) 

1 

1 

2 

1 

54 

Lake  Biwa  (mitsukurii) 

1 

2 

4 

3 

6 

3 

1 

57 

1             ' 

Scales  from  Dors.\l  Fin  to  L 

\TERAL 

Line 

Localities                                       ;      9      1     10 

II     1     12         13     '     14         15          Averages 

Shikoku  Island,  Drainage  of  Inland  Sea 

Mikawa  Bay  (East  of  Inland  Sea) 

1 

12 

1 

4     ''     2 
8     1     4 

..1 

3 

1 
5 

3 
3 

11.0 
11  0 

Hondo,  (Drainage  of  Inland  Sea) 

Hamada  (Drainage  of  Sea  of  Japan) 

Kvusvu,  (South  of  Inland  Sea) 

1 

11.1 

11.3 
13.4 

Lake  Biwa  {mitsukurii) ■ 

12         3 

13.9 

The  variations  in  the  number  of  scales  seem  to  show  no  \'ery  definite  geo- 
graphical correlation.  The  most  noteworthy  feature  is  the  high  average  number 
in  the  specimens  from  Lake  Biwa. 


144.   [E.xtraterr.J  Zacco  pachycephalus  ((Uinther). 

Opsariichthys  pachycephalus  Guxthek,  Cat.  Fislies  Bi'it.  AIu.'^.,  VII,  1808,  j).  296 
(Formo.sa). 


188  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Zacco  -pachycephalus  Jordan  and  Evermann,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXV,   1902, 

p.  322. — Jordan  and   Richardson,  Mem.  Car.   AIus.,  IV,   1909,  p.   170. — 

Cockerell,  Zool.  Anz.,  XXXVIII,  1911,  i).  87. — Oshima,  Ann.  Car.  Mus., 

XII,  1919,  p.  240;  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  1920,  \^.  VM).   ■ 
Zacco  platycephahis  Fowler  and  Bean,  Proc.  U.  8.  X.  ]M.,  LXIV,  1922,  Art.  2, 

p.  7  (lapsus  for  pachycephalus). 
Zacco  evolans  Jordan  and  Evermann,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXV,  1902,  p.  322 

("cotype,"  not  type). 
Zacco  platypus  Oshima,  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  XII,  1919,  j).  236  (note  on  "cotype"  of 

Z.  evolans  only). 
Zacco  temmincki  Oshima,  /.  c,  1919,  p.  238  (most  of  synonymy  and  specimens  from 

Daito  River  excepted).— Fowler  and  Bean,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  LXIV,  1922, 

Art.  2,  p.  6. 
Zacco  temminckii  Oshima,  Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.  Pliila.,  1920,  p.  130.    (Not  Leuciscus 

temmincki  Richardson) . 

Oshima  and  Fowler  and  Bean  have  both  referred  the  finer-scaled  Formosan 
species  of  Zacco  to  two  sjiecies,  pachycephalus  and  temmincki.  But  temmincki  is  a 
trenchantly  different  form,  as  the  key  wc  have  prepared  indicates.  We  have 
examined  most  of  the  material  discussed  by  Oshima,  iiut  fail  to  find  more  than  the 
one  species  represented.  One  of  Oshima's  lots,  that  from  the  Daito  River,  should 
have  been  referred  to  Zacco  evolans. 

The  "cotype"  of  Zacco  evolans  is  a  male  specimen  of  Z.  pachycephalus. 

145.   [213]  Opsariichthys  uncirostris  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).    Hasu. 

Lake  Biwa,  at  Ot.su  (Jordan  and  Kawamura) ;  Hachi,  P\ikui.  It  is  abundant 
in  Lake  Biwa,  reaching  a  length  of  a  foot  or  more,  and  is  much  valued  as  food,  its 
flesh  being  rich  and  delicate. 

Nuptial  males  have  coarse,  broadly  conic  pearl-organs  thickly  set  on  the 
mandibles,  the  suborbital  region,  and  the  preopercle,  occurring  also  at  the  tip  of 
the  lower  jaw,  and  even  on  the  lower  and  ui;)per  li]is  laterally,  also  between  the 
nostrils,  and  on  the  cheeks,  and  interopercle.  Other  pearl-organs  are  scattered 
over  the  sides  of  the  tail,  usually  several  on  a  scale;  they  are  strongest  near  the 
anal  fin,  becoming  smaller  dorsally  and  obsolete  toward  the  back  and  toward 
the  caudal  fin;  on  the  lower  surface  of  the  caudal,  as  also  along  the  anal  rays,  they 
are  in  contrast  much  sti'engthened,  and  only  one  is  located  on  each  scale. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  189 

146.   lExtratcrr.]  Opsariichthys  bidens  CiUnther. 

Opsariichtlnjs  hidens  Gunther,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist..  (4)  XII.,  1873,  p.  249. 

Two  specimens  of  this  species  were  collected  l)y  T)v.  Wakiyn  in  the  Ping-yang 
River,  Korea.  The  Opsariichthys  of  the  Asiatic  mainland  (China,  Korea,  and  the 
Amur  drainage)  differs  from  the  Japanese  species  in  having  somewhat  larger 
scales:  44  to  48  along  the  lateral  line,  rather  than  47  to  53;  9  from  the  dorsal  fin 
to  the  lateral  line,  not  10  to  12;  3.5  rather  than  4.5  or  5  from  the  lateral  line  to  the 
anal  origin.  In  our  two  specimens  the  scales  are  9-45  or  46-3.5.  Berg,  who  gives 
a  good  sjaionymy  in  his  Ichthyologia  Amurensis  (1909),  fails  to  separate  these  two 
species.  To  Berg's  synonymy  for  bidcvs  should  be  added:  Opsariichthys  ]>latypus 
Boulenger,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  1901,  Part  I,  p.  24,  pi.  24,  fig.  2  (not  of 
Richardson) . 


147.    [176]   Ishikauia  steenackeri  (Sauvage).     TTof/aA-a;  r»?rt-»(/'o  =  Horse-fish. 

Lake  Biwa,  at  Otsu  (Jordan  and  Kawamura).  It  is  abundant  in  the  lake, 
reaching  a  length  of  nearly  two  feet  and  is  a  food-fish  of  importance.  The  flesh 
is,  however,  far  inferior  to  that  of  the  excellent  Hasu,  with  which  it  is  associated. 

Genus  Hemigrammocypris  Fowler. 
( Brevigobio  Tanaka.) 

"No  barbels  about  mouth;  jiharyngeal  teeth  3-rowed,  4,  4,  2-2,  4.  4;  dorsal 
fin  inserted  nearer  to  base  of  caudal  than  to  tip  of  snout;  a  sharp  ventral  keel 
between  anus  and  origin  of  ventral;  lateral  line  decui'ved,  incomplete,  running 
along  lower  part  of  body,  ending  near  last  ray  of  anal"  (Tanaka). 

This  genus  in  many  ways  is  similar  to  Rasbora,  a  genus  comprising  many 
species  from  southern  Asia  and  the  East  Indies,  Init  it  differs  from  that  genus  in 
having  the  abdomen  sharply  keeled,  and  in  tlie  normal  structure  of  the  lower  jaw. 

148.   [176A]  Hemigrammocypris  rasborella  Fowler. 

Hemigrammocypris  rasborcUa  Fowler,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Piiila.,  LXII,  1910, 

483,  Lake  Biwa. 
Brevigobio  kairabata;  Tanaka,  Zool.  Mag.,  XXVIII,   191(),  p.   102  (Lake  Biwa); 

Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Japan,  XXIV,  1916,  p.  420,  pi.  115,  figs.  339,  340  (Lake 

Biwa;  pond  near  Tsu  in  Lse). 

Kachi  River  at  Nagoya  (Jordan) ;  Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu  (Joixlan  and  Kawamui'a) ; 
Lake  Biwa  (Jordan). 


190  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Our  specimens  from  the  Kaclii  River  are  i)ale  in  color  (like  other  fishes  from 
the  same  place),  almost  lacking  the  longitudinal  band.  In  this  species  the  fine 
black  streak  which  follows  the  axial  septum  is  characteristically  intei'iuptefl  to 
form  a  series  of  dashes. 

149.   1214]  Cyprinus  carpio  Linnseus.    Koi. 

Lake  Kawaguchi,  Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Ozu,  Shikoku  Id.  (Wakiya) ; 
Nagano  (Nakano) ;  Himeji  (Abe) ;  Lakes  Hakone  and  Suwa  (Jordan) ;  Lake  Kasumi- 
gaura  (Hattori). 

The  specimen  from  Lake  Hakone  is  strikingly  l)lotched  with  orange  and  l)lack, 
as  are  many  Koi  domesticated  in  ponds. 

150.   [215]  Carassius  auratus  (Linnaeus).    Funa\Hiu'ara  =  'Red-he\\y. 

Very  abundant  as  a  native  fish,  the  Funa  is  domesticated  everywhere  and 
greatly  modified  in  ponds,  where  it  receives  various  names. 

Lake  Kawaguchi;  Lake  Yamanaka;  Mikawa  Bay;  Kachi  River;  Kumamoto; 
Nagano;  Himeji;  Okayama;  Akita,  Sakurai;  Yamaguchi;  Toyama;  Lake  Hakone; 
Lake  8uwa;  Fukuoka;  Noo,  Morioka;  Lake  Kozan;  Lake  Togo  (Inomata);  Lake 
Kasumigaura  (Hattori).    We  also  have  material  from  Soo-chow,  China  (Gee). 

Most  of  the  specimens  are  of  the  ordinary  "wild  type"  of  Gold-fish,  only  a 
few  of  these  obtained  showing  the  increased  depth,  elongated  or  fantastic  fins,  or 
orange  color  characteristic  of  many  of  the  "domestic  races." 

The  dorsal  rays  are  fewer  than  indicated  in  most  descriptions,  being  II,  12  to 
II,  16  in  the  specimens  counted. 

Family  FLUTID^. 

Genus  Fluta  Bloch  and  Schneider. 

The  name  Fluta  Bloch  and  Schneider  (1801)  is  prior  to  Monopterus  (Lacepede), 

which  until  1806  appeared  only  as  "les  Monopteres."    Monopteros  Volta  (1796)  is 

a  genus  of  fossil  fishes  {=  Platinx  Agassiz)  and  is  prior  to  Monopterus  Lacepede. 

151.   [216]  Fluta  alba  iZuieuw).     rai//ia(/;'  =  Rice-field  Eel. 
Ponds  near  Kyoto  (Kawamura);  Formosa  (Kawamura). 

Family  ANGUILLID.E. 

152.   [217]  Anguilla  japonica  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

Unayi  =  Eel ;  Ounagi  =  Great  Eel. 

Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Himeji  (Abe);  Lake  Suwa  (Ota);  Lakes  Suwa  and 

Hakone   (Jordan);  Fukuoka   (Hamada) ;  Lake  Togo   (Inomata);  Lakes  Mikata 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  191 

and  Kasumigaura  (Hattori).     We  also  have  a  specimen  from  Soo-chow.  China. 

Everj^'here  abundant  and  highly  valued  as  food.    One  of  the  specimens  from 

Lake  Kasumigaura  belongs  to  the  black-speckled  type,  which  Jordan  and  Snyder 

and  Ishikawa  have  regarded  as  a  variant  of  the  common  six'cies  of  .Taiwanese  eel. 

Family  SYXAPHOBRANCHID.E. 
153.   [220]  Synaphobranchus  affinis  Clunther.    Hora-anago  =  Caye-ee\. 

Stjnnphobranchus  takdw  Tanaka,   Zool.    Mag.,   XXVIII,    1917,   p.   257    (text   in 

Japanese). 

Kushiro  (Tanaka);  Shizuoka  (Jordan);  INIisaki  (Aoki). 

The  position  of  the  dorsal  origin  varies  considerably-,  in  oui-  material  being 
over,  or  rarely  (as  in  the  type  of  .S.  taketce)  a  little  before  the  anus,  or  as  much  as 
one-fourth  length  of  head  behind  vertical  from  anus. 

154.   [222]  Synaphobranchus  jenkinsi  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

One  of  the  eels  taken  by  Aoki  at  2^Iisaki  agrees  with  the  description  of  the 
type  of  this  species  in  all  respects,  except  that  the  eye  is  contained  2.5  times  in  the 
snout,  the  pectoral  fin  two  times  in  the  head. 

Family  COXGRID.^. 

In  jirevious  descriptions  of  the  Congers  of  Japan  little  or  no  attention  has 
been  paid  to  the  dentition  or  the  structure  of  the  snout.  A  more  careful  examina- 
tion of  the  several  species  has  brought  out  characters  apparently  of  generic  signifi- 
cance, as  the  following  key  will  show. 

Key  to  the  Genera  of  Congers  of  Japan  and  Formosa. 

a.   Premaxillary  teeth  entirely  within  the  closed  mouth  (rarely  slightly  expo.sed  in  Aiuign);  teeth  hiserial 

on  jaws,  those  of  the  inner  series  very  much  tlie  smaller.    Tail  blunt.    Snout  not  uotalily  pniduced 

beyond  the  mouth.    Anterior  nostrils  low.    Teeth  all  small,  scarcely  canine-like. 

b.  Teeth  of  jaws  conic,  not  in  contact  basally,  and  not  forming  a  common  cutting  edge.    Mouth  small, 

the  gape  reaching  only  to  below  middle  of  eye.    Tip  of  snout  smooth.    Dorsal  fin  beginning  over, 

or  very  slightly  behind,  pectoral  base -4  nago. 

bb.  Teeth  of  jaws  incisor-like,  compressed,  and  in  contact  basally,  forming  a  common  cutting  edge 

(the  tips  more  or  less  separate  in  Congriscus).     Mouth  larger,  the  gape  subtending  all  or  mo.st  of 

eye.  Tip  of  snout  more  or  less  distinctly  tricarinate.  Dorsal  fin  beginning  well  behind  [lectora!  base. 

c.  Teeth  of  jaws  less  truncate,  with  the  tips  largely  free,  not  forming  a  very  well  defined  cutting 

edge.     Dorsal  fin  beginning  a  little  in  advance  of  middle  of  jjectoral Congriscus. 

cc.  Teeth  of  jaws  evenly  and  abruptly  truncate,  the  tips  forming  a  well  defined  common  cutting 
edge.     Dorsal  fin  beginning  over  or  behind  middle  of  pectoral. 
d.  Pores  not  surrounded  l)y  pigmented  free  areas,  confined  on  body  to  lateral  line  and  sparsely 
developed  on  head Conger. 


192  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

dd.   Pores  surrounded  hy  conspicuous  piiinieiited  free  areas,  forming  a  series  helow  the  dorsal  fin, 
as  well  as  along  the  lateral  line,  and  densely  developed  on  top  of  head  anteriorly.  .  Astrocotiger. 
an.   Preniaxillary  teeth  largely  or  entirely  in  front  of  the  mouth  on  the  lower  surface  of  the  projecting 
snout.     Teeth  in  jaws  in  a  hand  (jr  in  two  series  of  similar  size.     Tail  more  attenuate. 

e.   Anterior  nostrils  on  lower  surface  of  snout,  lieside  premaxiilary  band  of  teeth,  just   within 

anterior  end  of  upper  lip,  far  helow  the  anterior  rostral  pits.     Upper  \\\>  separated  from 

maxillary  teeth  by  a  wide  flat  ridge.     Teeth  all  small,  none  canine-like,  in  a  patch  on  the 

vomer;  premaxiilary  teeth  not  entirely  in  advance  of  mouth,   the  posterior  edge  being 

covered  when  the  mouth  is  closed.     Gape  short,  extending  oidy  to  below  middle  of  eye. 

Gill-oiienings  directed  downward  and  backward. 

/.  Snout  short,  barely  projecting  beyond  premaxiilary  teeth  (and  without  jiocket  or  keel  on 

midline).     Teeth  fewer  and  larger,  those  on  jaws  mostly  in  rows,  those  on  vomer  liluntly 

conic,  forming  an  elongate-triangular  l)and  (which  separates  the  maxillary  rows). 

Alloconger. 
//.   Snout  long,  its  fleshy  tip  projecting  shar])ly  beyond  the  premaxiilary  teeth.     Teeth  fine 
and  close-set,  those  of  jaws  forming  narrow  bands,  those  on  the  vomer  largely  molar- 
like,  forming  a  broad  patch. 
g.   Premaxiilary  patch  of  teeth  much  smaller  than  the  vomerine  patch,  and  separated  from 
it  by  the  widely  confluent  anterior  ends  of  the  maxillary  bands.     Anteroventral  line 
of  snout  occupied  by  a  deep  pocket.    No  enlarged  pores  between  the  nostrils.    Posterior 

nostril  a  horizontal  slit,  with  entire  rim Rhynchoajmba. 

gg.  Premaxiilary  patch  of  teeth  larger  than  the  vomerine  patch,  and  in  full  contact  with 
it,  the  anterior  ends  of  the  maxillary  bands  thus  being  widely  separated.  Antero- 
ventral line  of  snout  occupied  by  a  fleshy  keel  ending  posteriorly  in  a  small  free 
process.    A  pair  of  enlarged  pores  between  the  nostrils.    Posterior  nostril  widely  open, 

with  fimbriate  border Rhynchoconger. 

ee.  Anterior  nostrils  on  lateral  face  of  snout,  well  above  premaxiilary  teeth,  far  in  advance  of, 
and  alxjve,  upper  lip  just  behind  the  anterior  rostral  pits.  Upper  lip  separated  from 
maxillary  teeth  by  a  ridge,  which  is  not  flattened.  Teeth  largely  canines,  none  molar- 
like; those  on  vomer  not  forming  a  patch;  the  premaxiilary  band  entirely  in  advance  of 
mouth,  its  posterior  edge  composed  of  large  canines  shutting  outside  the  lower  jaw.  Gape 
relatively  wide,  extending  almost  to  below  hinder  border  of  eye.  Gill-openings  directed 
downward  and  forward.  A  pair  of  enlarged  pores  just  before  premaxiilary  teeth.  Posterior 
nostrils  more  or  less  slit-like,  with  entire  rims. 

h.  Premaxiilary  patch  of  teeth  not  separated  from  the  vomerine  teeth  by  the  maxillary 
series,  which  are  widely  separated  anteriorly;  teeth  on  sides  of  jaws  in  two  even 
rows;  vomerine  teeth  numerous,  in  a  very  long  even  file  behind  the  canine.  Ridge 
between  maxillary  teeth  and  upper  lip  with  entire  edge.  Snout  shorter,  its  fleshy 
tip  scarcely  projecting  beyond  the  premaxiilary  teeth,  and  without  ridge  or  keel  on 

mid-ventral  line Uroconger. 

hh.  Premaxiilary  patch  of  teeth  separated  from  the  vomerine  teeth  liy  the  widely  con- 
fluent maxillary  bands;  teeth  on  sides  of  jaws  in  narrow  bands;  vomerine  teeth 
rather  few  and  arranged  as  an  A-shaped  figure  behind  the  large  canine.  Ridge 
between  maxillary  teeth  and  upper  lip  with  the  border  finely  fimbriate.  Snout 
long,  its  fleshy  tip  projecting  sharply  beyond  the  [jremaxillary  teeth,  and  with  a 
ventro-anterior  keel Congrina. 


.TORDAX  AXD  HI'BBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  193 

AxAGo  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:     Conger  anago  Temniinck  and  Schlcgel. 

This  genus  is  vvvy  close  to  Conger,  witli  which  it  is  connected  through  Cem- 
griscus,  but  the  teeth,  though  simihirly  disposed,  are  very  different  in  shape,  and 
the  mouth  is  smaller,  the  dorsal  fin  inserted  farther  forward.  From  Ariosorna 
{balearica)  and  AUoeonger  (flavirostris,  etc.),  it  differs  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
teeth,  and  from  Gnnthophis  in  having  all  the  teeth  sharp. 

loo.   [233]  Anago  anago  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).    Anago  =  Conger. 

Misaki  (Aoki);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamanioto); 
Tokyo  market  (Jordan).    Generallj'  common. 

The  three  characteristic  dark  dashes  on  the  side  of  the  head  are  evident  in  a 
young  specimen  15  cm.  long,  but  not  in  one  12  cm.  long. 

CoNGRiscus  Jordan  and  Hubbs.  gen.  nov. 

Type:     Congromuroena  megastoma  Giinthei'. 

This  genus,  which  we  define  and  compare  with  related  typea  in  the  key,  seems 
to  stand  directly  between  Anago  and  Conger  in  its  technical  characters. 

156.     [234]     Congriscus  megastomus  (GUnther).     OA'z'-ano^o  =  Off-shore  Conger. 
Misaki. 

Genus  Conger  (Cuvier)  Oken. 

(Leptocephalus  (Gronow)  Scopoli;  name  assigned  to  larval  forms.) 
Two  species  of  the  Indo-Asiatic  fauna  may  be  retained  in  the  typical  genus 
Conger.     One  of  these,  C.  japonicus,  is  interpreted  by  us  as  the  representative  of 
the  Atlantic  species,  C.  conger,  while  the  other,   C.  ciucrcus.  differs  considerably 
in  the  point  of  origin  of  the  dorsal  fin. 

157.  Conger  cinereus  Riippell. 

Conger  cinereus  Weber  and  de  Beaufort,  Fi.shes  Indo-Austral.  Arch.,  Ill,  1916, 

p.  258,  figs.  107,  108  (with  entire  synonymy  excepting  Leptocephalus  nystromi 

Jordan  and  Snyder). 
Leptocephalus  riukiuanus  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIII,  1901, 

p.  852,  fig.  4.    (Okinawa). 

This  species,  which  has  the  dorsal  fin  inserted  farther  forward  than  in  Conger 
japonicus  or  Conger  conger,  has  been  recorded  from  Japan  proper  by  Gunther  and 
by  Xystrom  as  Conger  marginatus,  and  a  young  specimen  has  been  described  as 


1  94  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Leptocephalus  n'likiuaitus,  from  the  Riu  Kiu  Islands.    A  comparison  of  tliis  speci- 
men witli  a  lai'ge  one  fi'om  Samoa  (called  indnjiudtus)  reveals  no  evident  differences. 

158.    [224,  228,  and  231 J    Conger  japonicus  Bleeker.    //owa-anaf/o  =  Beach-conger. 

Conger  vulgaris  Temminck  and  Schlegel,  Fauna  Jap.,  Pisces,   1846,  p.  259. — 

Bleeker,  Atl.  Ichth.,  IV,  1864.  p.  26,  pi.  149,  fig.  2  — Gijnther,  Cat.  Fishes 

Brit.  jSIus.,  VIII,  1870,  p.  70  (in  part).     (Not  of  European  authors.) 
Conger  japonicus  Bleeker,  Verh.  Akad.  Amsterdam,  XVIII,  1879,  p.  32,  pi.  2, 

fig.  2. 
Lrptocephahis  j(tj)()nicus  Jordan  and  S.xyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIII,  1901, 

p.  851. 
Leptoceplialus  erebennus  Jordan  and  Snyder,  ibid.,  p.  849,  fig.  3.     (Misaki). 
Leptocephalus  kiusiuanus  Jordan  and  Snyder,  ibid.,  p.  851.    Nagasaki. — Snyder, 

Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLII,  1912.  p.  406. 
Conger  conger  Weber  and  de  Beaufort,  FLshes  Indo-Austral.  Arch.,  Ill,  1916, 

p.  259. 

Tliree  s]iecimens  from  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Conger  japonicus  Bleeker  is  doubtless  based  on  the  young  of  the  conger  later 
described  as  L.  erebennus  and  L.  kiusiuanus  by  Jordan  antl  Snyder.  On  re- 
examining the  types  of  the  two  nominal  species  we  fail  to  find  any  wide  difference 
in  the  length  of  the  tiunk. 

This  is  apparently  also  the  species  referred  by  Schlegel,  Bleeker,  and  Weber 
to  the  Atlantic  Conger  conger.  Indeed  on  comparison  of  material  we  find  no 
constant  differences  in  jiroportions,  coloration,  or  dentition.  There  appears, 
however,  to  be  a  difference  in  the  number  of  pores  in  the  lateral  line  on  the  trunk 
(and  the  pores  correspond  in  number  to  the  body  segments).  Between  the  verticals 
from  the  origin  of  the  pectoral  and  the  anus  we  count  33  to  35  pores  in  six  Japanese 
specimens:  36  to  37  in  one  from  Beaufort,  North  Carolina,  and  40  in  another 
from  the  same  locality:  39  to  41  in  two  fi-om  the  Canary  Islands,  and  39  to  40  in 
three  from  Naples. 

Astroconger  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen  .nov. 

Type:    Anguilla  nnjriaster  Brevoort. 

This  common  Japanese  conger,  known  currently  as  Leptocephalus  myriaster, 
must  be  taken  as  the  type  of  a  genus  distinct  from  Conger,  on  account  of  the  very 
extensive  development  of  sensory  pores.  The  series  of  i)ores  along  the  back  is,  so 
far  as  we  know,  not  developed  in  any  other  eel. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  195 

159.    [227]    Astroconger  myriaster  (Brevoort).     Ma-anago  =  TruQ-conger. 

Misaki  (Aoki);  Fukuoka  (Hamada);  Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Tokyo,  Yoko- 
hama, and  Osaka  markets  (.Jonlan):  Fukui  (Xonaka).  Generally  common  every- 
where in  the  markets. 

Alloconger  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Type :    Leptocephalus  flavirostris  Snyder. 

This  genus  seems  similar  to  Ariosoma  Swainson*',  but  it  at  least  differs  in 
having  the  premaxillary  teeth  largely  exposed.  It  is  compared  with  the  other 
Japanese  genera  of  conger-eels  in  the  preceding  key,  and  the  remarks  there  given 
will  serve  as  its  definition. 

16U.   [230]  Alloconger  flavirostris  (Snyder). 

Leptocephalus  flavirostris  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXXV,  1908.  p.  93;  ibid., 

XLII,  1912,  p.  405,  pi.  51,  fig.  1  (Misaki). 

Alloconger  flavirostris  is  very  close  to  the  East  Indian  species,  .4.  anagoides 
(Bleeker),  of  which  we  ha\"e  examined  the  Formosan  material  recorded  by  Jordan 
and  Richardson  in  1909*^',  and  to  the  Hawaiian  .species,  .4.  boirersi  (Jenkins),  which 
we  also  have  at  hand.  It  seems  to  differ  fiom  both  species  in  liaving  the  teeth 
smaller  and  more  numerous. 

In  the  paratype  of  .4.  flavirostris  there  are  about  fifty  pores  before  the  anus. 

Rhynchocymba  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 
T>'i)e:     Leptocephalus  nystromi  Jordan  and  Sn^'der. 

The  definition  and  comparisons  of  Rhijnchocymha  may  be  found  in  uui'  generic 
analysis  given  above. 

161.   [226]  Rhynchocymba  nystromi  (Jordan  and  Snyder). 

In  working  out  the  generic  diagnosis  of  Rhynchocymba  we  have  used  the 
typical  material  of  this  species.  In  describing  Leptocephalus  nystroryii  Jordan  and 
Snyder  compared  it  only  with  the  very  distantly  related  Leptocephalus  marginatus 
=  Conger  cinereus,  and  referred  Glint her's  and  Xystrom's  Japanese  records  of 

^'  The  group  of  conger-eels  typified  by  Murana  balearica  De  la  Roche  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea 
has  successively  received  the  names  Ariosoma  Swainson,  Ophisoma  Swainson,  Congermurwna  Kaup,  and 
Congrellus  Ogilby.  The  first  restriction  of  Ophisoma  by  Bleeker,  1864,  to  0.  acuta  Swainson  (  =  balearica) 
carries  its  synonym  Ariosoma  with  it.  To  the  Congers  with  blunt  teeth  of  the  type  of  Conger  habenala, 
the  name  Giiathophis  Kaup,  based  on  Myrophis  heterognathus  Bleeker  from  Nagasaki  is  apparently 
applicable. 

^-  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  IV,  1919,  p.  171 


196  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Conger  margiiKilu.s  to  their  new  species,  making  no  reference  to  the  dentition.  This 
circumstance  has  led  Weber  and  de  Beaufort  (1910)  to  refer  nyatromi  ini])ropei-ly 
to  the  synonymy  of  Conger  cinereus. 

The  species  is  doubtless  different  from  Myrophis  heterognathos  Bleeker,  type 
of  Gnathophis  Bleeker,  whatever  the  latter  may  be,  though  the  last  version  gives  it 
the  blunt  teeth  of  Conger  habenatus. 

Rhynchoconger  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:     Lcptocephalus  cctenurus  Jordan  and  R.  E.  Richardson. 

This  genus  with  Rhgnchocymba  and  Congrina  have  many  characters  in  common 
with  Conger murivno  uasica  Alcock,  the  type  of  Bathycongrus  Ogilt)y,  l)ut  all  seem 
to  differ  generically.     Unfortunately  we  have  no  specimens  of  Alcock's  species. 

162.   [Extraterr.]  Rhynchoconger  ectenurus  (Jordan  and  Richardson). 

Leptoeepholus  eetenurus  Jordan  and  R.  E.  Richardson,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  IV,  1909, 
p.  171,  p.  LVI,  lower  figure. 
We  have  studied  the  t^'pe  of  this  Formosan  species. 

Genus  Uroconger  Kaup. 

This  genus  has  long  been  separated  from  Conger  or  Leptocephalus,  but  it  is  no 
more  distinct  than  most  of  the  genera  we  have  just  characterized. 

163.   [226A]  Uroconger  lepturus  (Richardson). 

Leptocephalus  retrotinctus  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  ]\I.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  405  (Kago- 

shima).     (Not  of  Jordan  and  Snyder.) 

Failure  to  consider  the  dentition  has  led  Snyder  to  refer  specimens  of  Uroconger 
lepturus,  a  well  known  Chinese  and  East  Indian  eel  from  Kagoshima,  to  Leptoce- 
phalus retrotinctus  Jordan  and  Snyder  {=  Congrina  retrotincta) .  We  have  re- 
examined this  material.  One  specimen  has  the  tail  unusually  short  (only  1.4  times 
the  head  and  trunk),  and  the  caudal  fin  is  extremely  large  and  ba.se  broad.  These 
facts  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  extremely  attenuate  tail  noi-mally  developed 
in  this  species  is  subject  to  injuiy,  but  that  after  loss  it  regenerates  a  pseudo-caudal 
fin.  as  in  the  macrouroid  fishes. 

Congrina  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:     Congermurama  a;quorea  Gilbert  and  Cramer. 
This  genus  is  defined  in  our  generic  analysis  given  above. 


.lORDAX  AXD  IirBBS:  .lAPAXESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  197 

1()4.    |22!)|  Congrina  retrotincta  (Joi-dan  aiul  Siiyd(>r). 

Leptovephdlu^  rctrntiiictu^  Jordax  and  Snydek,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIII,  1901, 

p.  853,  fig.  ()  (Tokyo  jMarket). 

A  specimen  4G1  nnn.  long  to  caudal  was  taken  l:)y  Aoki  at  Misaki. 

Snyder's  record  of  Lvptavcphalui^  irtrutituius  fi-om  Kagoshinia  refers  to  Uro- 
conger  lepturus. 

Congrivn  rctrotiiictd  is  extremely  close  to  Congrind  arpuircd.  the  type-species 
of  the  new  genus  Congrina.  On  comparison  it  seems  to  differ  in  having  the  head 
shorter  and  the  teeth  ]icrha]is  a  little  stronger  and  fewer.  In  all  the  characters 
given  in  tlie  key  the  two  si)ecies  are  alike. 

The  ty])e  of  L.  rctratinctus  was  described  as  having  the  snout  blunt,  which  is 
true  of  that  specimen,  but  the  l>luntness  is  due,  we  now  find,  to  tlie  fact  that  the 
protruding  fleshy  tij)  liad  l)een  broken  off  or  toi'n  away.  As  the  tyi)e  was  not  only 
injured,  but  young,  w(>  liave  jjrepared  tlie  following  descri])tion  of  oui'  adult 
specimen : 

Body  faiil.\'  I'obust.  about  as  wide  as  deep  antei'iorly,  but  postei'iorly  becoming 
compressed,  tapering  to  a  very  slender  tail.  Post  orbital  region  tumid.  The 
bluntly  conic  snout  projects  well  beyond  mouth,  its  i)rt'oral  length  being  nearly 
equal  to  orbital  length.  (Jreatest  depth  of  body  2.45  in  liead,  17.7  in  total  length 
to  caudal.  Head,  7.75  in  total  length,  1.7  in  trunk,  4.4  in  tail.  Distance  from 
dorsal  fin  to  occiput  2.S  in  head;  highest  dor.sal  ray,  3.15;  length  of  caudal,  7.4; 
length  of  pectoral,  3.65;  snout,  3.55;  eye,  6.65;  interorbital  width  (fleshy),  6.15; 
gape,  3.2;  width  of  head,  2.7.  Head  and  trunk  togethei-  1.S5  in  tail.  Origin  of 
dorsal  fin  a  little  behind  base  of  pectoral;  pectoral  fin  rounded.  Teeth  of  jaws 
coarse  ami  iiregular,  in  nari'ow  bands;  vomerine  teeth  few,  one  greatly  enlarged, 
conic,  sharp,  somewhat  curv(>d  l^ackward,  ]ireceded  by  two  in  line,  much  smaller, 
the  first  scarcely  canine-like;  followed  \)\  a  group  of  three  teeth  forming  an  isosceles 
triangle  with  the  ape.x  ]iointing  backward;  premaxillary  teeth  about  thirteen  in 
number,  enlarged,  canine-like  i)osteriorly  along  fi-ont  of  gape.  Tip  of  snout  with 
a  large  deep  pit  on  each  side  just  in  front  of  the  anterior  nosti'ils,  which  o])en  in  a 
shoit  tube;  a  series  of  five  longitudinal  slits  runs  from  just  b(>hind  the  anterior 
nostril  to  below  middle  of  eye;  the  posterior  no.stril  is  a  horizontal  slit  with  scarcely 
elevated  rims,  located  just  before  and  a  little  above  the  horizontal  through  middle 
of  pui)il.  Oth(M-  jiores  occur  near  tip  of  chin  and  a  pair  on  the  lower  surface  of  the 
snout  just  in  fi'ont  of  the  premaxillary  cluster  of  teeth  and  on  each  side  of  a  fleshy 
keel;  lips  rather  full  laterally;  the  upper  narrow,  separated  by  a  fringed  fold  from 
maxillary  l^and  of  teeth;  lower  lip  thicker  and  more  pendant;  gill-openings  extending 


198  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

downward  and  forward  from  the  middle  of  the  pectoral  base  to  within  tli(>ir  own 
length  apart.  Lateral  line  a  rather  wide  ridge,  originating  abruptly  at  side  of 
nape,  running  a  little  above  midline  of  sides  on  anterior  half  of  body,  a  little  below 
the  mid-line  posteriorly;  seventh  pore  above  pectoral  base;  eighth  and  ninth  on 
each  side  of  the  vertical  from  dorsal  origin,  thirty-ninth  above  the  anus. 

Color  dusky  above,  rather  abruptly  pale  below;  pectoral  fin  whitish,  with  a 
dusky  blot  ell  above  its  centei-;  vertical  fins  pale  anteriorly  wdth  a  dusky  base, 
which  soon  widens,  especially  on  the  dorsal  fin  to  exclude  the  pale  color  from  all 
but  the  margin. 

Family  MUR^NESOCID^. 
165.   [235]  Muraenesox  cinereus  (Forskal).     Hanio. 

Tokyo,  Kyoto,  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan).  Not  rare  in  the  markets  and 
reaching  a  considerable  size. 

Outer  mandibular  teeth  not  directed  outwartl;  vomerine  teeth  broad,  with 
strong  l)asal  lobes. 

Family  OPHK 'HTHYID.F:. 
166.   [243]  Pisobdonophis  zophistius  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

One  adult  and  two  young,  Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa) ;  two,  Misaki  (Aoki). 

On  comparison  of  material  we  find  that  P.  zophistius  differs  from  the  East 
Indian  P.  cancrivorus  in  having  the  dorsal  much  higher  and  more  darkly  colored 
anteriorly,  in  the  much  smaller  size  of  the  two  barbels  on  the  upper  jaw,  and  in 
the  smaller  eye,  which  is  two-fifths  instead  of  half  as  long  as  the  snout.  The 
pores  of  the  head,  however,  are  alike  in  the  two  species. 

167.   [254]  Ophisurus  macrorhynchus  Bleeker.     L'//a'-/;t'fcf  =  Off-sliore  Snake. 
Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawaj. 

Family  MUR^NID^E. 
168.   [258]  Gymnothorax  reticularis  Bloch.     Utenbo  =  Moray. 

IMisaki  (Aoki).  None  of  the  other  Morays,  numerous  about  Kytisyu,  were 
obtained  in  1922. 

Family  CYPRINODOXTID.F. 
Genus  0ryzi.\s  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

Regan"  and  Weber  have  identified  Oryzias  Jordan  and  Snyder  with  Aplocheilus 
(usually,  but  not  at  first,  written  Haplochilus).  Gunther,  in  referring  the  types 
of  Aplocheilus  and  Panchax  to  the  same  species,  was  certainly  in  error. 

"^  Ann.  Mag.  Xat.  Hist.,  (S)  VII,  1911,  p.  324. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  199 

The  sii-cni)),  (';i11(hI  Onjzias  Jordan  and  Snyder,  is  the  Indian  genus  Aplocheilus 
AlcC'lelland,  as  first  restricted  by  Bleel^ei-  to  Aplocheilus  melastiyinus  McCleHand. 
In  a  recent  jiaper  upon  these  fishes  Dr.  Ernst  Alil""  recognizes  Oryzjas  as  a  distinct 
genus,  as  it  lacks  enlarged  teeth  on  the  sides  of  the  premaxillary,  these  being 
characteristic  of  Aplocheilus.     The  teeth  in  Oryzias  are  very  small  and  slender. 

169.   [268]  Oryzias  latipes  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).     Medaka  =  High-eyes. 

Kachi  River  at  Xagoya  (Jordan) ;  brook  at  Yamawa  near  Kagoshima  (Wakiya) ; 
Aomori  (Bepj)u);  Lake  Biwa  (Jordan);  Lake  Kasumigaura  (Hattori). 
A  little  inhabitant  of  ditches  in  the  rice-fields. 

170.   [269]  Pseudorasbora  parva  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

The  genus  Furtdulichthys  Bleeker  has  been  shown  l)y  Air.  George  S.  Myers  to 
have  no  real  existence,  its  type-species  Fundulus  virescens  Temminck  and  Schlegel, 
being  founded  on  a  bad  figure  of  Pseudorasbora  parva. 

Family  XOTACANTHID.E. 
171.   [270]  Polyacanthonotus  challengeri  ( Vaillant). 

The  names  Polyacanthonotus  Bleeker,  Versl.  Akad.  Amst.,  (2)  VIII,  1874,  p.  368 
(type  Xotacanthus  rissoanus  De  Filippi  and  Verany)  and  Zanotocanthus  Gill, 
Johnson's  Cyclopedia,  III,  1876,  p.  883  (the  same  type)  have  priority  over  Mac- 
donaldia  Goode  and  Bean. 

Family  SYNGNATHID.E. 
172.   [274]  Syngnathus  schlegeli  Kaup.     ro//-i/(r(>  =  Tooth-pick  fLsh. 
Bay  of  IMikawa  (C.  Ishikawa) ;  Misaki  (Aoki). 

173.    [287]   Hippocampus  japonicus  Kaup.     Kitano-unui-unn  =  y,ovi\\eYi\  Sea-horse. 
Enoshima  (Jordan). 

174.   [288]  Hippocampus  coronatus  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 
Uma-umi  =  Sea-horse ;  Tatsu  =  Dragon. 

Enoshima  (Jordan) . 

Family  AULORHYNCHID.E. 
175.    [291]    Aulichthys  japonicus  Brevoort.     iiuda-?/a^ara  =  Pipe- Yagara. 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

"^  AhL  Zool.  Anz.,  May  1924,  p.  .-)(). 


200  MEMOIKS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  FISTULARIID.E. 
176.   [292]  Fistularia  petimba  Lacepede.     .4A-a-?/a(/am  =  Red  Yagara. 

Shizuoka  mai'ket  (Jordan) ;  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Kagoshima 
Bay  (Wakiya). 

177.   [293]  Fistularia  serrata  ( 'uvier.    .4o-//«yar«  =  Green  Yagara. 

Osaka  market  (Jordan) ;  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Misaki 
(Aoki);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa). 

Family  MACRORHAMPHOSID^. 
178.    [295]    Macrorhamphosus  sagifue  Jordan  and  Starks.     »S'a(/?yue  =  Egret-piper. 

Ten  specimens  from  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Depth,  3.75  to  4.1.  Dorsal  spine  serrated,  inserted  well  befoi-e  anus,  when 
depressed  reaching  beyond  base  of  caudal.  Regan"^  has  lately  well  reviewed  the 
species  of  this  genus. 

Family  GASTEROSTEID^. 

Genus  Gasterosteus  Linnaeus. 

The  three-spined  Sticklebacks  have  long  been  known  to  be  among  the  most 
variable  of  all  fishes,  and  they  have  been  referred  to  a  large  number  of  nominal 
species.  We  have  examined  many  series  representing  localities  in  all  the  northern 
continents. 

The  marine  form  of  northern  Europe,  G.  aculeatus  =  G.  trachurus  of  Green- 
land and  the  northern  Pacific  on  both  sides,  G.  loricatus,  G.  cataphractus  =  obnlarius 
=  insculptus,  seem  not  to  be  separable  into  local  species  or  subspecies.  This  form 
is  characterized  by  the  large  size  attained,  by  the  complete  development  of  lateral 
plates  and  caudal  keel,  the  long,  strong  pubic  plate,  the  long  falcate  pectoral  fin, 
the  serrate  ventral  spine,  and  the  high  average  number  of  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Up  the  streams  and  southward  this  circumarctic  form,  G.  aculeatus,  varies 
through  a  most  complex  and  irregular,  though  complete,  intergradation  toward 
and  into  a  very  different  type,  both  in  Europe  and  on  both  sides  of  the  North 
Pacific.  The  change  involves  a  reduction  in  the  adult  size,  a  loss  of  lateral  arma- 
ture, a  shoi'tening  of  the  pubic  plate,  a  shortening  and  rounding  off  of  the  pectoral 
fin,  and  a  reduction  in  the  number  of  dorsal  and  anal  fin-rays.  The  change,  how- 
ever, is  not  fully  identical  in  the  two  oceans,  for  in  Europe  the  loss  of  plates  on 
the  average  is  brought  about  more  abruptly  and  from  a  more  posterior  point,  so 

"Ami.  Mag.  Xat.  Hist.,  (S)  XIII,  1914,  p.  17. 


JORDAN  AND  TIUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  201 

that  intermediate  types  freciuciitly  have  the  plates  irregularly  absent  in  advance 
of  the  caudal  keel  which  still  ])crsists:  while  in  the  Pacific  the  posterior  plates 
become  gradually  shortened  and  eliminated  together,  so  that  the  caudal  keel  is 
rarely  evident,  except  in  fully  plated  individuals.  Moreo^•er,  the  Euroi^ean 
stream-type.  G.  leiurus,  has  on  the  average  stronger  serrulations  on  tlie  fin-spin(>s 
than  does  the  analogous  Pacific  form  G.  microcephahis. 

Toward  the  southern  end  of  the  range  of  Gasterosteus  in  both  Eiu'oi^e  and 
California  a  few  especially  distinct,  almost  wholly  unarmed,  races  have  been  pro- 
duced, as  Regan  has  indicated. ^^ 

Of  these  the  race  inhabiting  the  Santa  Ana  system  of  streams  of  Southern 
California,  G.  u-illiamsoni  Girard  =  santa-anna'  Regan''*  is  particularly  extreme, 
and  has  the  fin-spines  extremely  short  and  posteriorly  inserted.  It  is  connected 
with  G.  jnicrocephalus  by  a  wholly  intermediate  type,  occurring  in  neighboring 
waters  both  to  the  northward  (Santa  Clara  Rivei-)  and  southward.  It  is  closely 
analogous  to  algeriensis  of  northern  Africa. 

The  occurrence  of  extensive  and  complete  intergradation  seems  to  call  for  the 
trinomial  distinction  of  these  forms.  In  the  Pacific  region  we  may  recognize  there- 
fore three  subspecies: 

Gasterosteus  aculeatus  aculeatus  Linnaeus 

Gasterosteus  aculeatus  microcephalus  (Girard) 

Gasterosteus  aculeatus  uilliamsoni  (Girard). 

The  fully  armed  form  of  the  western  Atlantic  (biaculeatus)  and  its  partially 
plated  fresh-water  derivative  {cuvieri)  have  not  been  thoroughly  studied  in  the 
present  connection,  but  the  examples  we  have  seen  seem  quite  distinct  from  any 
of  the  forms  of  G.  aculeatus.  The  junior  author  is  accumulating  material  for  a 
more  exhaustive  study  of  all  the  Sticklebacks. 

Our  Japanese  specimens  should  be  i-eferred  to  two  subspecies. 

179.   [297]  Gasterosteus  aculeatus  aculeatus  (Linnteus).     //(//•/-«h-o  =  Needle-fish. 

Nineteen  specimens  from  Kushiro,  Hokkaido  (Tanaka)  represent  a  race  ^nth 
the  body  slenderer  and  the  body-plates  smoother  than  usual.  Largest  specimen 
58  mm.  long  to  caudal;  plates  and  keel  comj^lete,  l^ut  the  posterior  plates  abruptly 
shortened;  pubic  plate  long;  pectoral  long,  narrow,  and  falcate;  dorsal  soft  rays 

"  Ann.  Mag.  Xat.  Hist.,  (S)  IV,  1909.  pp.  4.3.5-4.37. 

^*  The  exact  type-locality  of  Gasterosteus  wilHamsoni  is  perhaps  still  in  doubt,  although  Lieutenant 
Williamson  is  known  to  have  crossed  the  Sierra  Madre  range  at  the  head  of  the  Santa  Ana  River,  near 
Banning,  California.  Nevertheless  the  description  leaves  little  doubt  in  regard  to  its  identity  with  the 
form  lately  named  santa-an'nce  by  Regan.  The  number  of  vertebra>  used  by  Regan  is  not  constant,  but 
may  prove  to  be  an  average  character  of  some  value. 


202  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

12  to  14,  anal  soft  rays  9  to  11  (counting  last  ray  as  only  partly  dixidcdj.     Depth 
of  body,  4.2  to  4.8  in  length  to  caudal. 

180.   |207A]  Gasterosteus  aculeatus  microcephalus  ((iirard). 
Hanu'ko  =  Little  Needle. 

Fifteen  sjiecimens  from  Lake  Biwa  represent  the  partly  plated  Japanese  form 
of  Gasterosteus  aculeatus.  They  seem  wholly  inseparable  from  specimens  referred 
to  G.  rmcrocephalus  from  California  and  the  Aleutian  Islands.  Dorsal  soft  rays, 
11  or  12;  anal  soft  rays,  8  or  9;  plates,  4  to  7. 

Franz  has  named  and  figured  Japanese  specimens  of  this  subspecies  as  Gas- 
terosteus inlliamsoni  japonicus.  If  the  Japanese  race  should  prove  sufficiently 
distinct  to  be  separated  nomenclaturally,  it  will,  however,  reriuire  a  new  name,  as 
both  Houttuyn  and  Steindachner  have  used  the  combination  Gasterosteus  japonicus. 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  these  naked  Sticklebacks  of  the  rivers,  however 
similar,  have  diverged  independently  from  the  marine  form.  As  "ontogenetic 
species"  they  need  not  enter  systematic  lists. 

Genus  PuNoiTius  Coste. 

Pungitius  Coste,  1846,  replaces  Pygosteus  Gill,  1861." 

In  the  present  connection  we  follow  Berg's  review'"**  of  the  species  of  Pungitius 
in  all  respects  but  one.  We  refer  the  partially  naked  species  of  northern  Japan  to 
P.  brevispinosus  rather  than  to  P.  pungitius. 

181.   [298]  Pungitius  sinensis  (Guichenot).     //ansafea  =  Needle-mackerel. 

Three  specimens  from  Noo,  Niigata-Ken,  on  the  westeiui  side  of  Japan,  have 
small  plates  along  the  entire  course  of  the  lateral  line,  and  for  this  i-eason  alone  are 
referred  to  P.  sinensis.  As  used  by  Berg,  P.  sinensis  seems  to  us  to  be  a  complex 
of  more  oi-  less  unrelated  races,  which  have  developed  plates  along  the  lateral  line 
anteriorly.  Our  specimens  differ  from  those  described  by  Jordan  and  Starks  as 
Pygosteus  steindachneri,  and  by  Tanaka  as  Pygosteus  kaibara',  in  having  only  one 
instead  of  two  soft  rays  in  the  ventral  fin  (except  on  one  side  of  one  specimen). 
In  P.  brevispinosus  and  in  specimens  from  Kamchatka  referred  to  Pungitius,  two 
rays  are  only  occasionally  evident  in  the  ventral."^ 

"  See  Jordan,  Stanford  Univ.  I'ubl.  (Hiol.),  Ill,  1923,  p.  174. 

'"  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXXII,  11)07,  pp.  4.51-454. 

^'  We  liave  examined  large  series  of  the  Pacific  forms  of  Gafterosleus  aculeatus,  liut  fail  to  find  a 
single  variant  in  the  number  of  ventral  rays  (I,  1).  In  three  paratypes  of  (!.  gladiunnihix  Kendall  from 
Maine,  however,  we  find  two  soft  ventral  rays  on  both  sides  of  two  specimens  and  on  one  side  of  the 
third.     This  well  marked  species  is  now  regarded  by  Kendall  as  tlie  original  G.  bispinusus  Walbaum. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  C()LLE("rED   li)22.  20;^ 

The  six  types  of  Pygostcus  undcritixdis  {  =  Pinujitius  (jiniensis:)  at  haiul  liave 
no  soft  ventral  rays  at  all,  and  one  specimen  lacks  even  the  veiitial  spines.  As  Berg 
has  remarked,  Day  has  described  and  figured  a  local  race  of  rutKjitiiis  from  Ireland, 
which  is  closely  compai'able  with  P.  tymensis. 

The  specimens  from  Noo  have  8  or  9  dorsal  spines. 

182.  [300  and  301 1  Pungitius  brevispinosus  (Otaki).    Ini-Unniyo. 

We  refer  to  this  si)ecies  the  specimens  without  anterior  armature  refened  by 
Jordan  and  Starks  to  Pygosteus  steindachneri,  the  Hokkaido  sp(>cimens  referred  by 
Berg  to  Pygosteus  pungitius  and  the  material  in  the  jiresent  collection,  consisting 
of  three  specimens  from  Aomori  (Beppu)  and  a  series  frf)m  Sai)poi-o  (T.  Kawamura). 

This  form,  wliich  will  probably  prove  to  grade  into  P.  pungitius,  differs  in 
having  fewer  dorsal  spines,  as  the  following  table  shows.  In  P.  pungitius  iiroper 
the  number  varies  fi-om  7  (ahnormally  as  few  as  2)  to  12,  10  least  fretiuently 
occurring. 

Number  of  dorsal  spines VII  VIII  IX  X 

Number  of  specimens 2  1.5  22  1 

Specimens  from  Petropavlovsk,  Kamchatka,  seem  to  ha\'e  the  spines  in  about 
the  usual  number  for  P.  pungitius. 

Number  of  spines IX  X  XI  XII 

Number  of  specimens 4  28  9  1 

Family  EXOCCETID^. 

Genus  Exoccetus  Linnaeus. 

The  name  Exocaius  of  Linnaeus,  included  his  species  E.  voliluns  (1758)  and 
E.  evolans  (1766)  both  of  which  belong  to  the  Halocypselus-type,  having  short 
ventrals  not  used  for  flight. 

183.  [303]  Exoccetus  volitans  Linnaeus.    /c?a;cn-^>r/  =  Swift  bird. 

One  adult  specimen,  6.5  inches  long,  was  taken  by  Dr.  .Jordan  at  sea,  about 
three  hundred  and  fifty  miles  east  of  Yokahama. 

It  is  evident  that  Exocaetus  volitans  of  the  Tenth  Edition  of  the  SystemaNatune 
and  Exocoetus  evolans  of  the  Twelfth  Edition  are  both  based  on  species  with  the 
ventral  fins  short,  the  group  called  Hahcypselus  by  Weinland.  Probably  both 
names  belong  to  the  same  species.  But  to  what  extent  the  species  is  cosmopolitan, 
and  whether  all  forms  of  this  type  the  world  over  belong  to  one  si)ecies  is  pi'ob- 
lematical.  The  oldest  name  assigned  to  a  Pacific  member  of  this  group  seems  to 
be  Exocoetus  spleridens  Abel,  "Journ.  China,  1818,  4." 


204  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

The  specimen  noted  above  sliows  the  follow  iiii;'  chai'aetei's:  Mouth  unusuallx 
small;  jaws  and  jialate  tootliless;  snout  slioi't,  slioi'ter  than  eye;  scales  44;  I).  I'A 
A.  14;  iK'cioral  fin  (extending  to  last  I'ay  of  doi-sal;  vential  twice  in  head,  reacliinj; 
half-way  to  anal;  jiectofal  with  the  first  ray  long,  not  blanched,  i-eachinLi;  nearl> 
to  tij)  of  fin;  second  ray  slenderer,  forked;  dorsal  fin  low,  anal  a  shade  higher 
upper  caudal  lobe  unusually  long,  more  than  two-thirds  lengtli  of  lower.  Color  in 
life,  plain  dark  blue  above,  center  of  scales  a  little  darker;  i)ectoral  i)lain  dusky, 
its  l)asal  half  translucent,  its  edge  narrowly  white;  dorsal  i)lain  olive;  caudal  plain 
dusky,  and  pure  white;  ventral  white,  its  edge  slightly  dusky;  length  6.5  inches. 

This  description  discloses  no  differences  on  which  an  Exocmlus  splendens 
could  be  differentiated  as  the  Pacific  ie})resentativc  of  E.  volitans. 

184.   [304,  306|  Cypselurus  agoo  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
T'o6-mo-MH'o  =  Bird-fish;  Ayu. 

Cy})seluru.'i  hirundo  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,XXVI,  1903,  p.  542 

(not  Exocoetus  hirundo  Steindachner). 

We  provisionally  identify  as  the  young  of  this  common  Japanese  Flying-fish 
eight  specimens,  53  to  65  mm.  long  to  the  caudal  fin,  collected  by  Aoki  at  Misaki. 
They  differ  from  the  adult,  as  do  the  young  of  other  species  of  the  genus,  in  having 
the  pectoral  fins  somewhat  shorter,  and  in  having  a  barbel  at  the  tip  of  the  chin. 
This  barbel  is  short,  constricted  at  its  base  but  liroadly  expanded  into  a  sub- 
triangular  black  fla]),  having  the  lower  edge  uneven;  the  flap  is  about  half  as  wide 
as  the  eye.  The  coloration  is  also  wholly  unlike  that  of  the  adult,  and  corresponds 
with  the  description  given  by  Jordan  and  Starks  in  the  account  ([uoted  above. 

Oui'  specimens  agree  entiicly  with  the  young  identified  by  Jordan  and  Starks 
as  Ctipsclurus  hirundo.  It  is  certain,  however,  that  they  are  specifically  different 
from  Steindachner's  fish,  also  described  from  a  young  sjjecimen.  The  young  of 
Cypselurus  hirundo  differs  widely  in  coloration  and  in  the  character  of  the  barbels: 
"Die  Unterlipi^e  ist  verdickt  und  endigt  jederseits  in  einige  zarte  Tentakeln  von 
geringer  Lange." 

185.   [307]  Exonautes  brachycephalus  (Glinther). 

A  young  flying  fish,  74  mm.  long  to  the  caudal,  obtained  by  Aoki  at  Misaki, 
Japan,  iM-obal)ly  Ix'longs  to  this  species.  At  least  it  apjiears  to  be  identical  with 
the  Japanese  specimen  107  mm.  long  i-efei-i'cnl  l)y  Jordan  and  Starks^"  to  Cypselurus 
brachycephalus. 


'"'  T'v, 


Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1003,  p.  5:i9,  fig.  2. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  lil22.  205 

Head,  4.;^;  clci)tli,  iy.'.i;  dorsal,  10;  anal,  11;  the  two  fins  conuneiicing  at  the 
same  vertical  (the  type  has  two  more  rays  in  each  fin,  l:)iit  the  specimen  described 
by  Jordan  and  Stai'ks  is  intermediate).  Snout  short  and  not  produced,  only  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  orbit,  which  is  contained  nearly  three  times  in  head;  inter- 
orbital  gently  elevated  toward  orbital  margins.  Scales  about  50  in  lateral  line, 
about  33  from  occiput  to  dorsal  fin,  7  between  dorsal  fin  and  lateral  line;  lidge  of 
lateral  line  not  more  than  usuall}^  conspicuous.  Pectoral  fin  extending  to  ()))posite 
tips  of  last  dorsal  antl  anal  rays,  when  depressed;  ventral  fin  extending  a  little 
farther,  but  not  (juite  to  caudal  base;  the  structure  of  the  rays  of  the  ]3aired  fins 
is  as  described  by  Jordan  and  Starks.     Thei-e  is  no  ti'ace  of  a  barbel. 

Body  clear  light  brown  al)ove,  darkest  on  snout  and  caudal  base,  hght  below. 
Dorsal  with  a  large  and  conspicuous  l)lack  spot;  anal  fin  clear;  lower  mai-gin  of 
upper  caudal  lobe  and  greater  portion  of  lower  lobe  darkened,  as  also  in  the  lai-gei' 
Japanese  specimen;  ventrals  mostly  black,  pale  around  the  margin;  ix'ctoral  light 
in  the  rays,  but  dee])  brown  on  the  membranes,  except  along  the  lower  edge  of 
the  fin,  on  a  large  oblong  area  near  middle  of  fin  and  on  a  large  triangle  between 
the  oblong  and  the  ti];)  of  the  fin;  these  specified  areas  without  pigment. 

Family  HEMIRAMPHID.E. 
186.   [310]  Hyporhamphus  sajori  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).    Sayori. 

Sapporo  market  (Majima) ;  Otaru  market  (Takayasu) ;  Tokyo,  Osaka,  and 
Nagoya  markets  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  To3'ama,  Miyazu,  Misaki 
(Aoki).     Generally  common  throughout  Japan. 

This  species  reaches  a  length  of  at  least  26  cm.  (measured  from  tij)  of  jii'e- 
maxillaries  to  caudal  bas(>). 

187.   [312]  Hyporhamphus  kurumeus  (Jordan  and  Starks). 

Kachi  River  at  Nagoya  (Jordan);  Lake  Kasumigaura,  north  of  Tokyo 
(Hattori).  These  are  the  first  records  of  the  species  from  Hondo,  the  main  island 
of  Japan,  the  types  having  been  obtained  in  Chikugo  River,  KyusyQ,  and  no 
specimens  ha\'ing  been  subsecjuently  reported. 

Dorsal  rays,  15;  anal,  17;  scales,  about  80  to  90  (deciduous,  very  difficult  to 
count,  given  as  about  70  in  the  description  of  the  type,  but  we  may  count  more 
than  80  in  the  types) ;  origin  of  anal  a  little  in  advance  of  that  of  dorsal. 


206  MEMOIRS  OF  THP:  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

FuTiiily  S(  'OMBRESOCID.E. 
18S.   1315]  Cololabis  saira  (Brevoort).    Sitnutut;  Sairn. 

Tokyo  market,  Nagoya  market  (Jordan);  Kusliiro  (Takaya.su);  Alisaki  (Aoki). 
Very  abundant  everywhere  and  much  valued  as  food. 

Ml'.  Hubhs"  has  lately  indicated  that  the  Californian  form,  C.  brevirostris,  is 
not  tangibly  different  from  the  Japanese  saira,  which  was  first  named. 

Family  BELONID.E. 

189.  [316]    Tylosurus  anastomella  (C'uvier  and  Valenciennes).     7)f/<.stt  =  Gar-fish. 
Miyazu;  Fukuoka  (Hamada). 

190.  [317]   Tylosurus  schismatorhynchus  (Bleeker).    //«ma-f/r)/.s'»  =  Shore  Gar-fish. 
Kobe  market  (Jordan);  Toyama,  Sea  of  Japan  (S.  Yoshizawa).    Not  rare.  . 

Family  SPHYR.ENID.^. 

191.  [32f)]    Sphyrsena  japonica  Guvier  and  Valenciennes.     /vamasu  =  Barracuda. 

Wv  have  one  adult  specimen  of  the  large  Barracuda  fi'om  the  Tokyo  market 
(Jordan)  and  seven  young  from  Misaki  (Aoki).  Jordan  and  Snyder  in  1900  took 
the  species  at  Nagasaki. 

Head,  2.8  to  3.3;  depth,  7.2  to  8.2;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  4.6  to  5.7  in 
head;  eye,  4.9  to  5.9;  snout,  2.2  to  2.4;  interorbital,  5.1  to  5.7;  upper  jaw,  2.2  to 
2.4.  Dorsal,  V-T  9;  anal,  II,  8;  scales,  12-111  to  125-14.  Ventral  inserted  under 
origin  of  first  dorsal,  a  little  behind  tip  of  pectoral,  or  at  a  distance  from  anal 
origin  contained  3.6  times  in  the  length  to  caudal.  Preopercular  margin  squarish. 
Golor  dark;  the  mouth  parts  largely  black. 

192.  [322]    Sphyraena  pinguis  (Gunther).     Kamnsu  =  Good  Salmon  (Barracuda). 

Kyoto  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan) ;  Mikawa  Bay  (AI.  Ishikawa) ;  Toyama 
(Yoshizawa);  Miyazu,  Fukuoka  (Hamada). 

This  small  Barracuda  is  generally  common  in  the  markets  and  much  valued 
as  a  pan-fish. 

Records  of  Sphyraena  obtusata  fi-om  Japan  probably  refer  to  this  species, 
which  seems  different  from  true  .S.  obtusata. 

Head,  3.1  to  3.4;  depth,  6.2  to  7.5;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  4.0  to  4.5  in 
head;  eye,  4.6  to  5.6;  snout,  2.2  to  2.4;  interorbital,  5.1  to  6.0;  upper  jaw,  2.4  to  2.6. 
Dorsal,  V-I,  9;  anal,  II,  8;  scales  8  to  10—80  to  90—11  to  12.     Ventral  inserted 

"  I'ubl.  ZuOl.  Univ.  Cal.,  XVI,  11)16,  p.  1.^)7. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED    1'.I22.  207 

under  middle  of  jjectoral:  i)ect()ral  not  (luite  reaching  vertical  fiom  dorsal  orij;in; 
distance  between  insertion  of  venti'al  antl  orijiin  of  anal  one-third  the  lenj2;tli  to 
caudal.     Preopercular  margin  squarish,  somewhat  produced  back\\ard  at  angle. 

Family  08PHR0NEMID.E. 
193.   [E.xtraterr.]  Macropodus  opercularis  (Linnaeus). 

Three  specimens  obtained  from  Professor  Yosiro  Manalie,  taken  at  ( )kinawa, 
Ryvlkyu  Islands. 

Dorsal  rays  XIII  or  XR",  8;  anal  XX,  14  or  15.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal  lobes 
considerably  produced  and  sharp;  caudal  lobes  not  at  all,  or  only  slightly,  produced; 
soft  dorsal  rays  branched,  anal  rays  unbranched.  \'ertical  fins  ensheathed  by 
scales  at  their  bases. 

Material  of  this  species  from  Soo-chow,  China,  has  been  sent  to  the  Museum 
of  Zoology,  University  of  Michigan,  by  Dr.  Cora  B.  Reeves. 

Family  OPHICEPHALID.E. 
194.   [Extrateri-.]  Ophicephalus  argus  Cantor. 

Specimens  of  this  common  Chinese  fish  were  obtained  by  Professor  Gee  at 
Soo-chow,  China. 

Family  ATHERIXID.E. 
195.   [323]  Atherina  bleekeri  Gunther. 
Bay  of  Kagoshima  (Wakiya). 

196.   [325]  Atherina  tsurugae  Jordan  and  Starks. 
G//;-/.so-/»'«.b7(/  =  Silvery  Surf-sardine. 

Two  silver-sides  referable  to  Atherina  tsiirw/te  wei'e  given  to  Dr.  Jordan  by 
]\Ir.  Mikimoto,  who  obtained  them  at  his  pearl-plantation  on  Tatoku  Island. 

Family  MUGILIDiE. 
197.   [328]  Mugil  cephalus  Linnaeus.     5ora  =  ^Mullet. 

Tokj'o,  Nagoya,  and  Osaka  markets  (Jordan);  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya); 
Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Fukuoka  (Hamada) ;  Lake  Ka.sumigaura  (Hattorij ; 
Misaki  (Aoki).     Everywhere  excessively  common  in  the  markets. 

The  length  of  the  gajx'  is  contained  1.15  to  1.3  times  in  the  width  of  the  month. 
Young,  as  small  as  51  mm.  to  caudal,  have  three  anal  spines  like  the  adult. 


208  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

We  are  wtill  unable  to  follow  Gunther  and  Oshinia''  in  separating  the  common 
Striped  Mullets  into  more  than  one  species  the  world  over.  We  find  no  specific 
differences  in  the  form  of  the  mouth  in  diffei'cnt  regions,  and  such  differences  as 
may  exist  in  the  number  of  scale-rows  are  slight  and  overhipping.  In  our  material 
we  count  the  transverse  rows  as  follows:  Naples,  39  to  43;  Florida,  39;  Texas,  38 
to  40;  Peru,  38  to  41;  mouth  of  Colorado  River,  38  to  41;  Hawaii,  38  or  39;  China, 
38  to  41 ;  Japan  36  (rarely)  to  41.  In  Formosan  material,  which  he  referred  to  two 
different  s]:)ecies,  Oshima  counted  38  to  42  scale-rows. 

Genus  Liza  Jordan  and  Swain. 

Three  species  of  Liza  occui'  in  Jaiian.  They  have  lately  been  differentiated 
by  Tanaka  in  a  pai)er  ]iublished  in  Japanese."  From  a  translation  of  this  paper 
made  by  Mr.  Kasawa,  and  an  examination  of  two  of  the  si)ecies  (no  specimens  of 
Liza  akarue  are  in  the  collection),  we  have  pi'ej^ared  the  following  key. 

Key  to  .Japanese  Species  of  Liza. 
a.  Tip  of  pectoral  not  reaching  vertical  from  origin  of  first  dorsal. 

b.   Back  broad,  depressed,  not  carinate;  snout  and  eye  only  two-thirds  as  long  as  rest  of  head.     Scales 

smaller,  .37  or  41  in  lateral  series;  depth  of  body  about  ono-fiftli  of  length  to  caudal menada. 

hb.   Back  narrower,  compressed  to  a  weak  keel  along  mid-line;  snout  and  eye  nearly  as  long  as  rest  of 

head.     Scales  larger,  .3.5  or  36  in  lateral  series;  depth  of  i)od}',  3.S.5  to  4.5 hwmalncheila. 

an.   Tiji  of  pectoral  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  first  tlorsal.     Scales  larger,  34  in  lateral  series;  body 
very  deep  (the  greatest  depth  3. .5  in  length  to  cautlal  (after  Tanaka)  akame . 

198.  Liza  menada  Tanaka. 

Liza  hwmatochila  Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  FLshes  Japan,  VIII,  1912,  p.  137,  pi.  37-39 

(not  Mugil  hcematocheilus  Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Liza  menada  Tanaka,  Zool.  Mag.,  No.  336,  Oct.  15,  1917. 

One  specimen  of  this  species,  well  figured  by  Tanaka  as  "Liza  hsematochila," 
is  in  the  present  collection.  It  was  secured  in  the  Nagoya  market.  Jordan  and 
Snyder  in  1900  took  the  species  at  Osaka,  Wakanoura,  Hiroshima,  Hakodate,  and 
the  Ishikari  River. 

199.   [329]  Liza  haematocheila  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).    Menada. 

Three  specimens  are  in  the  present  collection,  all  from  the  Bay  of  Mikawa 
(C.  Ishikawa).    Seen  in  the  markets  of  Yokohama  and  Osaka. 

Jordan  and  Snyder  took  specimens  in  1900  at  Katase,  Enoshima,  and 
Wakanoura. 

Not  rare  in  markets,  reaching  a  large  size. 

"  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  XII,  1919,  p.  2GS;  XIII,  1922,  p.  240. 
"  Zool.  Mag.,  No.  33(),  Oct.  1.5,  1917. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  209 

Family  BERYCID.E. 
200.   [332]  Beryx  splendens  Lowe.     Kimmedui  =  Golden-eyQ  Porgy. 

Tokyo  and  Yokohama  markets  (Jordan). 

Dorsal  rays,  IV,  13  to  15;  anal,  IV,  26  to  28;  depth  of  body,  2.8  to  2.9  in  length 
to  caudal  base;  head,  2.7;  scales  with  s])inules  arranged  in  (luineunx  oi'der  on  each 
side  of  a  central  spineless  groove,  9-67  or  68-19  in  number;  mouth  bright  red 
within. 

We  have  no  Atlantic  material  at  hand  for  comparison. 

201.   [333]  Hoplostethus  mediterraneus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 
Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya). 

Family  HOLOCENTRID.E. 
202.   [336]  Holocentrus  spinosissimus  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

/itoda/ =  Head  Porgy. 

Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

203.  [340]  Ostichthys  japonicus  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 

Ebisu-dai  =  Ebisu-porgy ;  Fish-god. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan);  Kochi,  Miyazu  (Wakiya). 

Family  POLYMIXIID.E. 

204.  [343]  Polymixia  japonica  GUnther.    Ginme  =  Silver-eye. 

Polymixia  japonica    Gunther,    Ann.    Mag.    Nat.    Hist.    (4)    XX,  1877,  p.  436. 
— Steindachner  and  Doderlein,  Denksch.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wein,  XLVII,  1883, 
p.  261,  pi.  4,  fig.  2.— Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1902,  p.  18. 
Shizuoka  market  (Jordan). 
This  species  by  oversight  is  currently  credited  to  "Steindachner." 

Family  MONOCENTRID.E. 
205.    [344]    Monocentris  japonicus  (Houttuyn).     MaisuA:am-wu'o  =  Pine-cone-fish. 
Misaki  (Aoki).    Commoner  southward. 

Family  SCOMBRID.E. 

This  family,  as  now  restricted,  contains  species  of  rather  small  size,  with  the 
spinous  dorsal  short,  remote  from  the  soft  dorsal;  the  corselet  indistinct;  the 
vertebrae  31;  the  posterior  without  the  "trellis-like"  structure,  produced  by  the 


210  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

union  of  lurmal  i)rocessess;  interspinal  bones  weakand  slender;  mouth  large,  with 
minute  teeth.    We  recognize  three  genera,  only  one  of  them  found  in  Jai)an  proper. 

a.  SrotubriiKV.    (iill-rakers  moderate,  alxiut  2fl;  hody  fusifdnn;  vomer  and  palatines  toothed;  vertebra'  .'il. 

b.  Air-liladder  wanting.     Atlantic Scomber. 

bb.  Air-bladder  well-developed Pneumaiophoruti. 

aa.  Ra^trelligerina.  (!ill-rakers  very  long  and  numerous,  feathery,  about  57,  filling  the  mouth;  body 
compressed;  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  jialatines.    South  Seas Rastrelliger. 

In  arranging  the  species  of  Mackerels  and  Tunnies  of  our  collections  in  Japan, 
we  have  rather  closely  followed  the  determinations  given  in  tlie  elaborate  and 
painstaking  monograph  of  Di-.  Kamakichi  Ki.shinouye,  entitled  "Contributions  to 
the  Comparative  Study  of  the  So-called  Scombroid  Fishes,"  .Journ.  Agri.,  Imp. 
Univ.  Tokyo,  March,  1923. 

Dr.  Kishinouye  divides  the  old  family  Scombridcp,  on  the  basis  of  skeletal  and 
muscular  characters  into  four,  which  seem  to  be  well-defined  and  are  certainly 
natural  groups.     He  also  adds  certain  new  genera,  as  given  below. 

Genus  Pneumatoph(^rus  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

Pneumatoplwrus  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  \,  18S3,  ]).  593  (as 
subgenu.s). — Starks,  Science,  LIV,  1921,  p.  222  (elevated  to  generic  rank). 
The  Chub-mackerels  have  until  latc>ly  t)een  usually  regarded  as  comprising  a 
single  cosmopolitan  species,  called  Scomber  colias  or  Scomber  japonicus,  the  latter 
name  being  the  earliest.  Evermann  and  Kendall'^  found  certain  differences  in 
their  material  and  consequently  recognized  two  species,  colias  and  japonicus.  In 
1922  Starks"  further  compared  specimens  from  California  and  Massachusetts. 
In  the  meantime,  however,  Tanaka'^  had  recognized  the  existence  of  two  distinct 
species  in  Jai)an,  distinguishing  Scomber  tapeinocephalus  Bleeker  from  the  commoner 
species  S.  jojHnticus. 

A  moi-e  extended  comparison  of  these  mackerel  from  various  parts  of  the 
world  has  oln'ioiisly  been  needed.  We  have  with  the  aid  of  Masunosuke  Kasawa, 
a  student  from  Saj^poro,  examined  all  of  the  specimens  at  our  disposal.  This 
material  seems  to  comprise  seven  species,  of  which  two  are  represented  in  Japan, 
and  so  far  as  we  know,  confined  to  the  waters  of  that  country.  They  are  P. 
tapeinocephalus  and  P.  japonicus.  Besides  these  we  have  specimens  from  Aus- 
tralia, Hawaii,  and  Socorro  Island,  off  the  Coast  of  Mexico,  which  seem  to  belong 
to  a  Polynesian  species,  which  may  be  provisionally  known  by  the  old  name 


'"  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXXVIII,  UUO,  p.  .327. 
'''"  Copeia,  Xo.  103,  1922.  p.  9. 

76 


Zool.  Mag..  XXIX,  1917,  p.  347. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  211 

australasicus  of  Cuvier  and  \'alenciennes.  The  otlier  species  are  nearer  japoniciis. 
Each  of  them  occupies  a  special  faunal  area:  P.  colias  European;  /-".  yrex  \^'estcr^ 
Atlantic;  P.  pcruanus,  sp.  nov.,  Peru;  and  P.  dieyo  California.  Seven  species  are 
contrasted  in  the  following  key. 

Key  to  the  Species  of  Pneumatophokus. 

a.   Dorsal  .spines  11  or  12;  scales  fewer  than  200  in  tlic  lateral  line,    (lill-rakers  2.5  to  27  on  lower  linil>  of 
outer  arch. 
h.  Scales  lietween  occiput  and  first  dorsal  fin,  3.5  to  45;  scales  between  orifiiin  of  second  dorsal  fin  and 
lateral  line,   19  to  23;  length  of  head  .28.5  to  .295  of  length  to  caudal  base;  distance  frcun  tiji  of 
snout  to  first  dorsal,  .365  to  .3S;  distance  from  tip  of  mandible  to  ventral  fin,  .345  to  .35.5. 

bb.  Scales  between  occiput  and  first  dorsal  fin,  24  to  32;  between  second  dorsal  and  lateral  line,  15  to 
19;  length  of  head,  .275  to  .2.s5  of  length   to  caudal;  snout   to  dorsal,  .355  to   .36;   mandifile  to 

ventral,  .33 lapeinorephalus. 

aa.   Dorsal  sjiines  9  or  10;  scales  more  than  200  in  the  lateral  line  (1.S6  to  209  in  P.  grex). 

c.  Gill-rakers  29  to  32  on  lower  limb  of  outer  arch.  Scales  along  lateral  line.  200  to  229;  scales  fr<im 
occiput  to  dorsal  fin,  39  to  50;  scales  from  origin  of  second  dorsal  fin  to  lateral  line,  20. 
Measurements  in  hundredths  of  length  from  tip  of  snout  to  base  of  caudal;  length  of  head,  .28 
to  .295;  snout,  .09  to  .09.5;  upper  jaw,  .105  to  .115;  snout  to  dorsal,  .37  to  .3S5;  mandible  to 

ventral,  .335  to  .38 ro/i'a.s." 

cc.  Gill-rakers  23  to  28  on  lower  limb  of  outer  arch. 

d.  Scales  in  lateral  line,  186  to  209;  before  first  dorsal  fin,  34  to  41;  from  origin  of  second  dorsal 
to  lateral  line,  19  to  21.  Gill-rakers,  23  to  27.  ^Measurements  in  hundretlths  of  length  to 
caudal  fin:    length  of  head,  .27  to  .28;  snout,  .085  to  .09;  upper  jaw.  .10  to  .105;  snout  to 

dorsal,  .36  to  .37;  mandible  to  ventral,  .325  to  .34 jrcr''* 

dfl.  Scales  in  lateral  line,  205  to  231;  before  first  dorsal  fin,  40  to  60.     Gill-rakers,  26  to  29. 
e.   Measurements  in  hundredths  of  length  to  caudal  base:    head,  .275  to  .29;  snout,  .09  to  .095; 
upper  jaw,  .10  to  115;  snout  to  dorsal  ,.355  to  .375;  mandible  to  ventral,  .325  to  .35. 
/.  Scales  between  the  second  dorsal  fin  and  lateral  line  19  to  26,  usually  fewer  than  23. 

jnponicuff. 
ff.  Scales  between  the  second  dorsal  fin  and  lateral  line  22  to  27,  usually  more  than  23. 

diego.'" 
ee.   Measurements  in  hundre<lths  of  length  to  caudal  base:    head,  .29  to  .32;  snout,  .095  to  .105; 
upi)cr  jaw,  .115  to  .135;  snout  to  dorsal,  .38  to  .405;  mandible  to  ventral,  .365  to  .375. 

'' Specimens  from  off  Morcton  Bay,  Queensland;  Lord  Howe  Islands  (near  Australia);  Hawaii; 
Socorro  Island,  off  the  west  coast  of  Mexico. 

'*  Diagnosis  based  on  a  specimen  from  Naples,  and  one  of  three  from  the  Canary  Islands. 

^'  Diagnosis  based  on  a  series  of  adults  from  Woods  Hole. 

"'  Diagnosis  based  on  series  of  adults  from  California. 

*'  Pneiimalopliorus  ix'ruanuK  .Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov.  Type-specimen  201  mm.  long  to  the 
caudal  fin,  from  the  Bay  of  Callao,  Peru;  collected  by  the  late  Admiral  L.  A.  Beardslee;  Cat.  No.  6218, 
Stanford  University  Collection,  C  M.  Cat.  Fishes  No.  7847.  Paratypes  are  from  the  same  locality  and 
from  the  Galapagos  Islands. 


212  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

206.   [345,  in  part]  Pneumatophorus  tapeinocephalus  (Bleeker). 
Marusaba  =  Hound  Mackerel. 

Scomber  tapeinocephalus  BLEE.KER,  Nat.  Tydsk.  Ned.  Ind.,  VI,  1854,  407  (Nagasaki). 
Tatoku  Island  (Mikimoto).     Joidaii  and  Snyder  (in  1900)  took  this  species 
at  Hakodate,  Tateyama,  Kobe,  and  Alatsushima,  though  not  distinguishing  it  at 
the  time  from  the  common  mackerel  or  Saba.    It  is  nowhere  al)undant. 

207.   [345]  Pneumatophorus  japonicus  (Houttuyn). 

(Saba  =  Mackerel ;  i/m/s«i»o  =  Broad  Mackerel;  G(>m(isaba  =  Oil  Mackerel. 

Sapporo,  Takashima,  Tokyo,  and  Shizuoka  markets  (Jordan);  Kushiro; 
Misaki;  Miyazu;  Yokohoma;  Kobe;  Yamada;  Hakodate;  Nagasaki;  Same;  Mat- 
sushima.  This  is  the  common  mackerel  of  Japan,  found  daily  in  abundance  at 
every  port. 

In  the  markets,  according  to  Kishinouye,  there  are  three  distinct  forms  of 
mackerel,  which  he  regards  as  not  definable  as  subspecies. 

The  usual  shore-form,  Gomasaba  =  ()i\  Mackerel,  Scomber  pneumatophorus 
minor  Schlegel,  has  gray  spots  below  the  lateral  line,  and  the  dark  markings  of  the 
back  do  not  cross  the  line  which  is  marked  by  a  row  of  round  spots.  The  Hirasaba, 
or  Flat  Mackerel  (variety  major)  of  Schlegel  has  but  nine  dorsal  spines,  while  the 
Marusaba,  or  Round  Mackerel  (Scomber  tapeinocephalus  Bleeker)  has  eleven  or 
twelve.  In  the  Hirasaba,  the  dark  streaks  on  the  back  cross  the  lateral  line,  and 
the  caudal  is  yellowish. 

The  "Marusaba''  is  the  s])ecies  named  Scomber  tapeinocephalus  by  Bleeker. 
The  others  correspond  respectively  to  the  Scomber  pneumatophorus  major  and 
minor  of  Schlegel,  Scomber  saba,  and  Scomber  janesaba  of  Bleeker.  The  marusaba 
is  no  doul)t  a  distinct  species,  and  the  others  may  prove  to  be  so. 

The  scanty  descriptions  of  Scomber  japonicus  and  Scomber  auratus  in  the 
original  paper  of  Houttuyn  are  identifiable  only  on  the  supposition  that  but  one 
species  of  mackerel  with  eiglit  or  nine  s])ines  occurs  at  Nagasaki. 

Family  CYBIID.E. 

This  family  compiises  the  alhes  of  the  Spanish  Mackerel  of  America,  the 
Seer-fishes,  or  Sawara  of  Jajxin.  It  is  visibly  characterized  by  the  many-rayed 
first  dorsal,  which  extends  nearly  to  the  fiont  of  the  second.  Bod}'  compressed; 
moutli  large;  teeth  strong,  in  one  row,  usually  more  or  less  compressed;  lateral 
line  sinuous,  often  branched  oi-  dujilicated;  vertebrse  31  to  64,  usually  more  than 
40;  interhffmels  well  developed,  usually  long  and  numerous;  gill-rakers  small  and 


JOUDAX  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  213 

few,  sometimes  wantin";,  not  more  tluui  13  in  number.  Be.sides  the  living  genera, 
numerous  others  are  characteristic  of  the  [Miocene  of  CaUfornia.  The  following 
are  recognized:  Ocydiafi,  Thyrsocles,  Turio,  Thyrsion,  Zaphleges,  Auxides,  Zestias. 
This  group  is  pi-ohaijly  the  most  primitive  of  the  Mackerels. 

Key  to  the  .Iapaxese  Genera  of  Cybiid.e. 

a.   ArnntJiocjjbiitKf.     Lamella'  of  the  gills  reticulated,  as  in  the  Sword-fish;  gill-raker.s  none;  intermuscular 
bones  inserted  on  the  ribs;  body  elongate;  teeth  verj-  strong,  trenchant;  vomer  with  teeth.     Size 

very  large Acanthocijhium. 

aa.  Lamella'  of  gills  not  reticulated;  gill-rakers  present;  intermuscular  hones  inserted  on  verteliru'. 
b.    Cybiina.     Body  elongate;  teeth  in  jaws  trenchant;  teeth  on  vomer. 
c.  Lateral  line  single;  teeth  compressed. 
(/.  Air-bladder  jiresent;  lateral  line  siini)le. 

e.  Gill-rakers  three  only Cijbium 

ee.  Gill-rakers  11  to  13 Scomberoinoriis. 

(Id.  Air-bladder  wanting;  lateral  line  with  numerous  short  branches  at  right  angles Sawara. 

bb.  Sardina;.     Body  plump;  teeth  not  trenchant,  their  edges  rounded,  no  teeth  on  vomer;  lateral  line 
simple;  corselet  at  shoulder  more  or  less  di.stinct. 

/.   Body  scaly;  tongue  toothless;  dorsal  spines  IS  to  22 Snrda. 

ff.   Body    naked    outside    of    corselet;    tongue    and    palatines    with    \illifiirm    teeth;    dorsal 
siiines  14 (ii/innosarda. 

ACANTHOCYBIUM  Gill. 

This  genus  contains  giant  mackerels,  differing  considerably  from  the  smaller 
forms,  especially  in  tlie  pecuUar  netted  structure  of  the  gills,  as  in  the  Sword-fish, 
Xiphias.  There  are  no  gill-rakers  and  the  broad  triangular  serrated  teeth  resemble 
those  of  a  shark.     It  might  well  be  made  type  of  a  distinct  family. 

208.   [355]  Acanthocybium  sara  (Lay  and  Bennett). 

Osdwara,  great  Sawara  oi-  Seer-fish;  OA-f.saw'ara  =  Off-shore  Sawara. 
A  valued  food-fish,  but  from  its  huge  size,  eight  to  twelve  feet  in  length, 
seldom  pi-eserved  in  collections.    Teeth  5^  to  %  on  each  side.    The  Hawaiian  species, 
Acanthocyhium  .solandri  (C'uvier  and  Valenciennes)  has  much  smaller  teeth  §^  to  ^ 
on  each  side. 

Cybium  Cuvier. 

This  genus,  of  which  the  type  is  Scomber  commersoni  Lacepede,  may  perhaps 
be  retained  as  distinct  from  Scomheromorus  Lacepede,  on  account  of  the  reduction 
in  the  number  of  its  gill-rakers  (l-|-2  =  3).  The  teeth  are  triangular  and  minutely 
serrated. 


214  MEMOIRS  OF  TllK  CAHNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

209.  Cybium  commersoni  (Laeepede).     Ushis(itrar(i  =  (\)\y-si\.\ydV'd. 

This  species,  abundant  in  Formosa  and  southwai-d  is  recorded  from  Japan 
l)roper  by  Kishinouj'e  fi'om  a  specimen  taken  at  Yamaguchi.  It  was  not  seen 
b}'  us. 

Cyhium  cotumcr.soui  may  be  separable  fi'om  Scomberomorus  by  the  few  fiill- 
rakers  and  serrulate  teeth,  as  already  indicated.  Sierrd  Fowler  iau'dlld)  has  but 
eight  gill-rakers,  very  strong  teeth,  and  fifteen,  instead  of  seventeen,  dorsal  spines; 
Ap(i(}oiilis  R(>nnett  (immunis)  and  Chriometra  Lockington  (concolor)  have  the 
teeth  subconical  and  more  numerous.  These  may  represent  one  or  two  distinct 
genera.  Grammatorycnus  Gill  ihilineatus)  has  two  lateral  lines  and  Lepidocybium 
Gill  ifldVdhnouK'um)  lias  the  lower  teeth  much  enlarged,  the  dorsal  spines  but  12, 
and  the  finlets  reduced  to  4  or  5. 

Scomberomorus  Laeepede. 

The  name  Scomberojnorus  of  Laeepede  cannot  be  set  aside  to  be  replaced  by 
Cybiion  for  the  reasons  assigned  by  Kishinouye.  Thei'e  seems  to  be  no  question 
that  Lacepede's  Scomberomorus  plumieri,  based  on  a  rather  poor  copy  of  the 
painting  of  Plumiei-,  w  hich  Inul  previously  been  the  basis  of  Scomber  regalis  Bloch, 
belongs  to  the  species  now  called  Scomberomorus  regalis. 

210.    [354|   Scomberomorus  sinensis  (Laeepede).     //a.sa-sau'ora  =  Toothed  Sawara; 
Inusaward  =  Dog-sawara ;  Ushi-sawara  =  Cow-sawara. 

This  species  is  not.  rare  in  southern  Japan,  though  less  abundant  than  the 
common  "Sawai'a."  The  original  form  of  the  specific  name,  sinensis,  must  replace 
chinensis. 

Genus  Sawara  Joixlan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Tj'pe:     Cybium  nipiionium  Guvier  and  \'alenciennes. 

This  genus  differs  from  Scomberomorus  in  lacking  the  air-bladder,  and  in  the 
presence  of  sharp  branch  canals  placed  at  right  angles  along  the  course  of  the 
lateral  line. 

211.   [353]  Sawara  niphonia  (Guvier  and  \'alenciennes).    Sawara. 

Kobe  market  (Joi'dan). 

The  "Sawai-a"  is  an  excellent  food-fish,  common  evei-ywhere  soutliward,  and 
valued  for  its  I'ich  and  delicate  flesh. 

Sarda  Guvier. 
Pelamys  Gmier  and  Valenciennes,  name  preoccupied. 


JOHDAX  AND  IllBBs:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  215 

212.   [352]  Sarda  orientalis  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Hagatsuwo  =  Toothed  All)icore. 
Not  uncommon  in  the  markets. 

The  species  needs  furtlier  comparison  witli  Sdrdd  chilennis  of  Chile  and  Sarda 
lineolata  of  California. 

Genus  Gymnosarda  Gill. 
213.   [347]  Gymnosarda  nuda  (Gunther).    Isomaguro  =  '>\\v{-X\xm\\. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan),  one  specimen,  29  cm.  in  length.  It  agrees  well  with 
the  descrijjtions  of  Gunther  and  Klunzinger.  and  has  never  before  been  noticed 
in  Japan  proper,  although  found  in  Formosa. 

Dorsal  XIV-12  +  \T;  anal  III-10  +  VI:  eye  5.1  in  head:  pectoral  6.8.  Scales 
present  only  on  the  corselet  and  along  the  lateral  line,  very  tliick  and  deeply 
imbedded.  The  last  dorsal  spine,  which  is  almost  imbedded  in  the  skin,  lies  about 
midway  between  the  preceding  spine  and  the  front  of  the  second  dorsal  fin.  Teeth 
uniserial  in  jaws,  stronger  below  than  above;  lacking  on  the  vomer,  in  a  fine  band 
on  the  palatines.  Haemal  processes  normal,  showing  no  trace  of  the  specialized 
structure  seen  in  Euthynnus,  Katsuwonus,  and  Au.ris. 

Body  bluish  black  above,  shading  into  silveiy  below,  and  showing  no  trace  of 
dark  stripes;  cheeks  silv(M-y:  opercles  blackish;  dorsal  fins  blackish,  .soft  fin  and 
finlets  entirely  white;  pectoral  dai'k;  ventral  lilack,  except  on  the  jiroximal  half 
of  the  soft  rays,  which  are  white. 

Family  THUXXID.E. 

This  family,  separated  from  the  Scombridcc  through  the  researches  of  Di-. 
Kishinouye,  is  thus  characterized  by  him:  "Cutaneous  vascular  .system  connected 
with  a  vascular  plexus  developed  as  sheets  in  the  lateral  line.  Poi-tions  of  the 
lateral  muscle  surrounding  these  sheets,  situated  on  botli  sides  of  the  vertebral 
column,  dark  red  almost  black  in  color.  Another  pecuHar  vascular  plexus  developed 
on  the  inner  side  of  the  liver  or  in  the  haemal  canal.  Circulation  of  blood  in  the 
liver  especially"  well  developed." 

For  the  Tunnies  and  Albacores,  Kishinouye  proposes  a  separate  order, 
Plecostei,  defined  as  "lia\-ing  a  cutaneous  vascular  system,  connected  with  the 
vascular  plexus  developed  as  sheets  in  the  lateral  muscle.  Another  pecuUar  vascular 
plexus  is  developed  in  the  inner  side  of  the  liver  or  in  the  haemal  canal."  These 
derivatives  of  the  Cyhiidce,  are  regarded  by  Kishinouye  as  among  the  most 
specialized  of  fishes. 


216  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Tlie  Plecostei,  as  thus  defined,  contain  two  families,  Thunnidce  and  Katsu- 
wonidce.  The  first  of  these  is  thus  described:  "Body  whollj'  covered  \vith  scales; 
second  dorsal  and  anal  with  the  anterior  rays  elevated;  vertebrae  18  +  21=39; 
transverse  process  present;  first  vertebra  short,  anchylosed  to  the  skull;  ali- 
sphenoids  meeting  on  the  ventral  median  line;  air-bladder  present  (excejit  in  one 
genus)." 

Key  to  Japanese  Genera  of  Thunnid.e. 

a.   Cutaneous  blood-vessels  jiassins  thrcjugh  the  luyutoiue  of  the  fifth  vertebra;  surface  of  liver  striated 
with  fine  venules. 
Ii.    Teetoral  fin  short,  al)out  half  head,  not  reaeliinj!;  fr(int  of  second  dorsal;  dorsal  and  anal  lobes  low. 

Thunnux. 
hh.   Pectoral  fin  very  long,  ribl)on-like,  reaching  to  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  finlets,  dorsal  and 

anterior  lobes  moderate Germo. 

iKi.   Cutaneous  bliKul-vessels  passing  tlu'ough  the  myotome  of  the  seventh  vertebra;  surface  of  liver  not 
striated  with  venules. 

c.   Posterior  cardinal  vein  not  contiguous  with  the  Cuvierian  ducts.     Vascular  plexus  on  the  inner 
side  of  the  liver;  pectorals  long,  reaching  to  near  end  of  second  dorsal,  dorsal  and  anal  lobes 

moderate,  aijout  half  head Parathunnus. 

cc.   Posterior  cardinal  vein  contiguous  with  the  Cuvierian  ducts;  vasc'ular  plexus  in  the  ha-mal  canal. 
(/.   Air-l)ladder   well   devehiiied,   long  and   narrow:   i)ectorals  long,   extending  beyond   middle  of 
second  dorsal;  dorsal  and  anal  lobes  much  elevated,  as  long  as  head;  gill-rakers  about  .30. 

Neothunnus. 

(Id.  Air-l)ladder  wanting;  gill-rakers  aliout  26;  pectoral  fin  shorter,  reaching  to  near  end  of  spinous 

dorsal;  heatl  shorter;  mouth  smaller Ki^hinoella. 

Thunnus  South. 

{Thy7inufi  Cuviei',  preoccupied;  Orcijnus  Cuvier,  preoccupied;  Albacora  Jordan.) 
Pectoral  fins  very  short,  about  two-thirds  length  of  head;  dorsal  and  anal 
lobes  low. 

214.    [351]    Thunnus  orientalis  Temminck  and  Schlegel.    M eg uro  =  Tunny:   Yoko. 

Orcynus  schlegeli  Steindachner,  Fische  Japans,  1885,  178,  taf.  fig.  1  (Tokyo). 

Kobe  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Misaki,  young  (Aoki). 

This  species,  the  young  of  which  is  locally  known  as  Yoko,  is  rather  common 
in  the  markets  southward.  It  is  said  to  reach  a  very  large  size.  It  needs  comparison 
with  its  Californian  cognate. 

Dorsal  finlets  bluish ;  those  of  the  anal  dull  yellowish ;  no  yellow  on  fins ;  Ijody 
plump,  with  nai-row  l:)ars  of  silvery,  the  bars  moi'e  or  less  broken  into  lines  of  dots, 
and  especially  conspicuous  in  the  young.  Dorsal  XIII  to  XV  14,  VIII  or  IX. 
Anal  13  to  15,  VII  to  VIII.    Gill-rakers  12+13  =  25. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  217 

This  tunny  is  certainly  T.  orioitali.'i  of  Sclilegel,  and  we  fail  to  note  any  char- 
acters by  which  T.  schleyeli  can  be  separated  from  it.  Kishinouye  takes  the  same 
view. 

A  stuffed  specimen  about  six  feet  long,  with  the  dorsal  and  anal  lobes  about 
half  of  head,  is  in  the  Fisheries  Institute  in  Tokyo.  The  species  may  be  identical 
with  the  Tunny  of  the  Atlantic  or  the  Tuna  of  the  islands  of  Cahfornia,  but  only 
comparison  of  material  can  decide.  This  and  other  species  of  Maguro  (Tunnies) 
and  Shibi  (Albacores)  are  so  large  as  to  forbid  preservation  by  ordinary  collectors. 
They  can  best  be  studied  in  the  field,  in  Japan  and  in  Hawaii,  where  hundreds  of 
specimens,  ranging  from  five  to  ten  feet  in  length  are  now  daily  brought  into  the 
markets.  This  condition  has  been  well  utilized  in  the  recent  studies  of  Dr.  Kish- 
inouye. 

Germo  .Jordan. 

This  genus,  or  subgenus,  differs  from  Thtoutus  in  the  elongate,  moi-e  or  less 
ribbon-like  pectoral  fin,  which  is  much  longer  than  head,  reaching  at  least  to  the 
second  anal  finlet.    Internally  Germo  differs  little  from  Thunnus. 

Kishinouye  does  not  accept  the  genus  Germo,  remarking:  "many  systematists 
put  too  much  weight  on  the  length  of  the  pectorals,  but  it  has  little  value  in  the 
classification." 

The  species  of  Germo  are  imperfectly  known,  the  size  of  market  examples 
making  preservation  difficult. 

215.   [349]  Germo  germo  (Lacepede).     Tombo-shihi. 

A  large  Albacore  was  seen  by  Dr.  Jordan  at  Shizuoka.  It  has  the  finlets 
black,  edged  with  paler;  dorsal  lobe  dusky,  no  yellow:  dorsal  black,  its  lobe 
one-third  of  head;  body  plump;  snout  rather  long,  longer  than  eye;  pectorals  very 
long,  reaching  second  anal  finlet.  We  follow  Kisliinouye  in  provisionally  identi- 
fying the  Japanese  Albacore  with  Germo  germo  and  Thijnnus  pacificus  of  the  South 
Seas.  But  with  the  latter  author  we  see  no  final  certainty  to  be  secured,  except 
through  comparison  of  material  from  Japan,  Europe,  California,  and  the  South 
Seas.  The  Hawaiian  Albacore,  recorded  provisionally  by  Jordan  and  Jordan  as 
Germo  alalunga  is  probably  this  species. 

According  to  Fowler,  the  form  Scomber  germon,  was  earlier  used  by  Lacepede. 

Parathunnus  Kishinouye. 

This  genus  is  distinguished  by  internal  characters,  as  already  stated.  The 
single  recognized  species  has  the  pectoral  fin  elongate,  though  shorter  than  in 


218  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM 

Gcrmo;  the  lobes  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  moderate,  al)out  lialf  leniith  of  head:  free 
dorsal  finlets  eight  only,  the  first  being  coalescent  with  the  fin;  l)ody  relatively 
robust. 

216.     [348  part]    Parathunnus  sibi  (Temminck  and  Sehlogel).     SJn'hi;  M(h(trlii  = 

Was])-eye:  I )(i ni ma-Sli ibi  =  C\nmky->^hi\n. 

Thynnus  sibi  Temminck  and  Sciile(;I':l,  Fauna  Japoiiiea,  p.  !)7,  ]il.  L.     Common 

about  Nagasaki. 
Germo  sibi  Jordan  and  Jordan,  Fishes  of  Hawaii,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  X,  1922,  33. 
Thunnus  mebachi  Kishinouye,  Sui.  Gak.  I,  1915,  19;  pi.  I,  f.  IIL 
Parathunnus  mebachi  Kishinouye,  Study  of  Scombroid  Fishes,  442,  1923,  figs. 

Tokyo,  Yokohama,  Yamada,  Kol)e,  O.saka;  common  in  the  markets. 

With  Air.  Kitahara  we  identify  this  species  with  the  Thynnus  sibi  of  Tem- 
minck and  Schlegel.  Kishinouye  rejects  this  decision,  as  only  the  deeji  body  (the 
depth  about  efiual  to  length  of  head)  and  long  pectorals  form  tangil)le  points  of 
resemblance.  But  he  leaves  T.  sibi  unidentified,  while  this  common  species  would 
seem  to  have  been  unnoticed  by  previous  authors.  Besides  the  two  points,  admitted 
by  Kishinouye,  we  may  add  another  noted  l)y  Schlegel.  The  first  dorsal  finlet  is 
joined  to  the  last  ray,  leaving  but  eight  which  are  free. 

There  is  some  discrepancy  in  the  description  of  the  color  of  the  dorsal  finlets. 
We  found  them  dull  yellow,  each  cros.sed  by  a  rather  broad,  shai-])ly  defined, 
angular  band  of  black,  the  edgings  jiale;  dorsal  lobes  dull  yellow:  head  with  a 
marked  brassy  luster.  Schlegel  figures  the  finlets  as  dull  yellow,  descriliing  them 
with  the  second  dorsal  and  caudal  as  passing  "vers  leur  extremite  au  fond  olivatre." 
Kishinouye  merelj'  says  "finlets  yellow,"  but  figures  them  as  having  a  faint  dark 
mai'gin.  It  may  be  that  two  species  of  this  genus  exist  in  Jajian,  distinguishable 
by  the  color  of  the  finlets. 

The  generic  name  Pelamys,  resurrected  from  Klein  and  Walbaum  by  Fowler, 
cannot  be  substituted  for  Katsxiwonus,  as  Walbaum  simiily  quotes  from  Klein, 
without  indicating  acceptance  of  the  pre-Linnsean  name.  (See  Opinion  No.  5, 
International  Commission  of  Zoological  Nomenclature.) 

Neothunnus  Kishinouye. 

Neothunnus  Kishinouye,  Studies,  etc.  1923,  p.  445.  {macropterus) . 

This  genus  is  characterized  by  anatomical  features,  as  already  indicated.  Its 
type  species  is  distinguished  by  the  very  high  lobes  of  the  dorsal  and  anal,  the 
height  of  each  being  two-thiixls  as  long  as  head;  pectoral  very  long,  almost  as 
ribbon-like  as  in  Gernio.    In  the  known  species  the  finlets  are  bright  yellow. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   l'.t22.  219 

217.    [350]    Neothunnus  macropterus  (T(>inniiiick  and  Sclil('oel).     Kiinida;  Kiliatd. 

Tlic  Yc'llow-fiu  Albacorc,  fouiul  also  in  Hawaii  and  in  Califoi'iiia,  is  known  at 
once  by  tlie  clear  lemon-yellow  finlets,  not  edged  with  l)lack,  and  by  the  very  high 
lobes  of  the  dorsal  and  anal,  w  liich  aie  largely  yellow. 

It  is  the  most  abundant  of  the  Jajianese  Albacores;  generally  common  in  the 
larger  markets. 

KisniNOELLA  Jordan  and  Hubl)s,  gen.  nov. 

Type:     Thunnns  nirus  Kishinouye. 

This  genus  differs  from  Neothunnu><  in  the  absence  of  the  air-l)ladd('r.  In  the 
type  species,  the  pectoral  fin  is  of  moderate  length,  scarcely  as  long  as  the  head; 
dorsal  and  anal  lobes  moderate;  body  fusiform:  mouth  small;  finlets  nine  above; 
gill-rakers  about  21. 

The  single  sj^ecies  is  the  smallest  of  the  group  of  Albacores. 

218.  Kishinoella  rara  (Kishinouye).     Kosiiimuiit. 

Rarely  taken  off  .southern  Japan,  and  not  seen  by  us.  Finlets  yellowish,  with 
a  greyish  margin;  tip  of  .second  donsal  and  anal  washed  with  yellow. 

Family  KATSUWOXID.E,  Kishinouye. 

This  family  comjirises  small  tunnies  in  which  the  lu^mal  l:)ones  posteriorly 
are  united  below,  forming  what  LUtken  calls  a  "trellice-like"  structure;  air-bladder 
wanting;  teeth  weak,  one-rowed;  pectorals  short;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  low,  elevated 
in  front.  'N'arious  internal  characters  are  noted  by  Kishinouye,  who  divides  the 
group  into  three  genera. 

Key  to  (;ener.\  of  Katsiwonid.e. 

a.   First  dorsal  long,  reaching  Ijase  of  second;  a  pair  of  foramina  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  skull;  inferior 
foramen  of  vertobrse  well  developed,  forming  a  well-marked  trcllice. 
6.   Hypaxial  as  well  as  epa.xial  blood-vessels  under  the  skin  well  develojjed;  teeth  in  jaws  oidy:  verte- 

br;e  41 Knt>:itwonu^. 

bh.   Hypaxial  blood-vessels  atrophied;  teeth  on  jaws,  palatines,  and  sometimes  on  vomer;  vertebra'  40. 

Euthijnnu^. 

aa.  Fir.st  dorsal  short,  well  separated  from  the  second;  hyjjaxial  blood-vessels  atrophied;  lower  foramen 

of  vertebra-  little  developed;  teeth  in  jaws  only;  vertebra-  49;  ejjiha'mal  sjiines  well  developed.  .4!(.ris. 

219.   [347]  Katsuwonus  vagans  (Le.sson). 
Katsmvo  =  Victor-fish ;  Magatsiuro  =  True  Katsuwo. 

Generally  common  southward.  Kishinouye  and  autliors  genei'ally  api)ly  to 
this  species  the  name  of  the  "Oceanic  Bonito"  of  the  Atlantic,  which  also  occa- 
sionally is  taken  on  the  coast  of  southern  California.     It  needs  comparison  with 


220  MEMOIRS  OF  TIIK  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Mediterranean  examples  of  Kalsuwonus  pcUtniis  (Lesson).  In  our  record  of  the 
fishes  of  Hawaii  (p.  31)  we  have  called  this  fish,  the  "Aku"  of  Hawaii,  Eulhijnnus 
pelamis,  but  its  generic  separation  from  Euthynnus  seems  justified. 

EuTHYNNus  LUtken. 

In  addition  to  tlie  superficial  characters  already  named,  Kishinouyc  finds 
internal  features,  which  differentiate  Katsuiromts  from  Euthynnus.  Gymnosardn, 
witli  which  genus  Euthynnus  has  been  confounded,  proves  to  Ywwv  {\\\\\v  a  different 
anatomy  and  finds  its  place  next  to  Surda. 

220.   1347]  Euthynnus  yaito  Kishinouyc.     Y(tit(i  = 'Sloxa-scur. 

One  specimen  from  (/hoshi  (Ishikawa). 

This  species  is  frequently  taken  along  the  shore  in  southern  Japan.  What 
seems  to  be  the  same  species,  locally  known  as  "Kawakawa,"  is  very  abundant  in 
Hawaii,  whence  it  is  recorded  by  Jordan  and  Jordan  as  Euthynnus  allcteratus. 
But  Kishinouye  regards  it  as  distinct  from  that  Atlantic  species,  as  well  as  from 
Euthynnus  affinis  (Cantor)  of  the  Malayan  region.  It  is  the  Thynnus  tunnina  of 
Schlegel,  but  that  name  belongs  to  the  European  alleteratus.  The  round  dark 
spots,  three  to  five  in  number,  undei'  the  pectorals,  are  characteristic  of  the  Yaito 
at  all  ages.  In  a  Mexican  species,  Euthxjnnus  Uneatus,  lately  described  by  Kishi- 
nouye from  Manzanillo,  Mexico,  these  spots  are  replaced  by  short  dusky  bands. 

Auxis  Cuvier. 

In  this  genus,  the  sjiinous  dorsal  is  short,  as  in  Scomber,  but  there  is  little 
agreement  in  other  regards,  and,  as  Kishinouye  justly  observes,  the  two  genera 
belong  at  opposite  ends  of  the  series. 

All  the  species  of  "Frigate  Mackerels"  have  been  provisionall,y  referred  to 
Auxis  thoznrd  from  the  South  Seas.  The  Atlantic  form  is  Auxis  rnchei  (Risso) 
or  Auxis  bisus  (Rafinesque).  As  Kishinouye  finds  two  well-mai'ked  species  in 
Japan,  we  cannot  identify  either  with  Auxis  thazard  without  comparison  of 
specimens. 

221.    [346]    Auxis  tapeinosoma  Bleeker.    Medika,  Maru-medik(t  =  Round  Mvdika. 

Auxis  tapeinosoma  Bleeker,  Verb.  Bat.  Gen.,  XXVI,  98,  tab.  7,  fig.   1,   1854. 

(Nagasaki). 
Auxis  maru  Kishinouye,  Sui.  Gak.  Ho.,  I,  1915,  24,  p\.  I. 


JORDAN'   AM)   IllBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   11122.  221 

This  species  is  comnioti  in  the  markets  soutliwaixl.  It  runs  in  schools.  \\'e 
have  examples  from  Tokyo.  Kyoto,  Misaki,  and  Toyama.  Ki.shinouye  considers  it 
a  species  distinct  from  .4.  tapeinosoma.  which  is  described  as  otherwise  similar,  I)ut 
with  nine,  instead  of  eight,  dorsal  finlets.  Clill-rakers  30:  D.  IX  oi'  X-12-S:  A. 
13  +  MI.     But  as  Bleeker's  type  came  from  Nagasaki  it  is  prol)ably  the  .same. 

222.  Auxis  hira  Kishinouye.     H ira-uialikd  =  ByoiK\  Medika. 

This  species,  not  recognized  by  us,  is  said  to  be  aljundant  in  .southern  Japan. 
The  fin-rays  are  the  .same  as  in  the  preceding  si^ecies,  the  gill-rakei-s  39,  the  botly 

deeper  and  more  compressed,  the  depth  about  equal  to  length  of  head. 

ii 

Family  GE.MPYLID.E. 

223.   [357]  Promethichthys  prometheus  (Cuvici- antl  \'alenciennes). 

Kurd-sltibi-kuniasu  =  Black  Tunny  Barracuda. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan).  This  needs  comi)arison  with  its  Atlantic  cognate, 
originally  described  from  St.  Helena. 

224.   [358]  Ruvettus  tydemani  \Aobei'. 

Ruvettua  preiiosus  Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Sxyder,  Journ.  Coll.  Sci.  Tokyo,  XXXIII, 

1913.  p.  123,  and  other  authors  (not  of  Cocco). 
Ruvettus  tydemani  Weber,  Fische  Siboga-Expedition,  1913,  p.  401. 
Ruvettus  pacificus  J OB.U Ay  and  Jordan,  Mem.  Car.  ^lus.,  X,  1922.  p.  34.  (Honolulu). 

Weber  and  Jordan  and  Jordan,  independently  noticing  that  in  the  Pacific  Ocean 
Ruvettus  has  fewer  fin-rays  than  in  the  Atlantic,  have  each  given  a  new  name  to 
the  Pacific  form.    Welder's  name  has  priority. 

This  species  has  been  recorded  from  Japan,  but  is  not  represented  in  the 
present  collection. 

225.   [359]   Nealotus  tripes  Johnson. 
A  .single  siH'cimen  of  this  rare  fish  was  collected  by  Aoki  at  Alisaki. 

Dorsal,  XX-3,  15,  II:  anal  I-I,  1,  15  +  11;  scales  between  origin  of  dorsal  and 
lateral  hne,  and  nine  scales  between  end  of  spinous  dorsal  and  lateral  line. 
We  have  no  Atlantic  material  for  compaiison. 


222  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  TRICHIURID.E. 

22().   [363]  Trichiurus  japonicus  (Temminck  and  Srlilogel). 

Tachino-uwo  =  Sword-fish. 

Tokyo  market,  Toyama,  Fukuoka,  Noo. 
This  excellent  food-fish  is  very  common  in  all  markets. 

The  key  given  by  Klunzinger,  (Fi.sche  d.  Rot  hen  IMeeres,  1884,  120)  is  useful 
in  distinguishing  species  of  Tn'chiinnia. 

Family  ISTIOPHORID^. 

227.   [367]  Tetrapturus  mitsukurii  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

Makitjiki  =  True  Spear-fish. 

Connnon  in  the  markets,  reaching  a  length  of  twelve  to  fifteen  feet,  or  more. 

Two  other  .species  of  this  genus.  T.  mazaru  Jordan  and  Snyder,  and  T.  (tiKjusti- 

rustris  Tanaka,  have  been  described  from  Japan,  Init  in  the  rush  of  tin-  market 

they  could  not  be  discriminated. 

228.   [365]  Istiophorus  orientalis  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Bashokaijiki  =  Bantmix  Spear-fish. 

Mr.  Manabe  presented  Dr.  Jordan  with  a  young  specimen  of  tliis  species, 
taken  by  him  at  Kobe.  It  is  also  represented  in  the  Museum  at  Yamada.  The 
species  is  seldom  seen  in  the  markets. 

Family  CARANGID.E. 

229.   [369]  Scomberoides  orientalis  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Ike-katsuwo  =  Pond  Victor-fish. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya). 

Dorsal  rays,  I-\T-I.  20;  anal.  III,  18  or  19. 

230.   [371]  Seriola  aureovittata  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 
Buri;  Fukiiniji  =  V\\unp  Aji,  or  Caranx. 
Otaru  market  (Takaya.su);  Sapporo  market  (Majima);  O.saka  market  (.Jordan). 

231.   [371  A]  Seriola  quinqueradiata  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

With  the  preceding  and  quite  as  abundant. 

Dorsal  rays  V  or  \T  (the  sixth  becoming  buried  in  the  skin  with  age) — I.  30 
to  33;  anal,  II  I,  18  to  20;  pectoral  17;  caudal,  17,  of  which  15  branched;  gill- 
rakers  on  lower  limb  of  first  arch,  21  to  23.  Everywhere  common  southward  in 
the  markets. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1022.  223 

232.   [372]  Seriola  purpurascens  Tcnimiiick  and  Sclilcticl. 
II iramasu  =  'Br(rdd  Salmon;  Aka-buri  =  Rvd  Amber-fish. 

Tokyo  and  Osaka  markets  (Jordan);  Toyama  (8.  Yoshizawa) ;  Xoo.  Rather 
common  in  the  markets. 

Gill-rakers  on  lower  limb.  13  or  14  and  2  rudiments. 

233.  [373]  Seriolina  intermedia  (Temmiuck  and  Schlegelj. 

Ai-buri  =  Blue  Amber-fish. 

This  small  species,  known  generically  l)y  its  rudimentary,  tubercle-hke  gill- 
rakers,  was  very  abundant  one  morning  in  the  Xara  mark(>t.  (coming  from  Kobe) 
(Jordan)  but  no  specimens  were  taken  at  the  time,  and  none  were  seen  afterwards. 

Body  plump,  shorter,  and  deeper  than  in  Scriuki.     No  yellow  stripe  on  .side. 

234.  [375]   Decapterus  maruadsi  (Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

Ao-aji=  Green  Aji;  J/«/7/-«J/  =  Round  Aji. 

Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yoshizawa);  Fukui  (Xonaka);  Misaki  (Aoki); 
Kobe  market  (Jordan);  Aliyazu.     Common. 

235.  [376]  Decapterus  muroadsi  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Muro-aji  =  Bone-aji. 

Tokyo  and  Osaka  markets  (Jordan);  Tol)a  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto); 
Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakij-a);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa);  Misaki  (Aoki).  Generally 
common. 

236.  [378]    Trachurus  japonicus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).      M a-aji  =  Tiuv  Aji. 

Mi.saki  (Aoki);  Tokyo,  Shizuoka,  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan);  Kushiro 
(Tanaka);  Tatoku  Island  (Mikimoto);  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya);  Mikawa  Bay 
(M.  Isliikawa) ;  Toyama  (S.  Yoshizawa) ;  Fukui  (Xonaka) ;  Miyazu,  Xoo.  Very 
common  in  markets. 

237.  [379]    Trachurops  mauritiana  ((^uoy  and  Gaimard).     Mc-aji  =  Big-eye  Aji. 

Tokyo  and  Shizuoka  markets  (Jordan);  \^'akanoura  (Yoshigawa);  Alisaki 
(Aoki). 

We  have  compared  Ja])ane.se  specimens  with  otliei's  from  various  parts  of  the 
world,  but  are  unable  to  ai)])reciate  any  differences  in  pro])ortions.  In  scale-counts 
slight  average  differences  ai-e  suggested,  but  these  are  not  sliai-p  enough  to  wari'ant 
the  divi.sion  of  the  species.     We  count  the  scales  along  tlie  lateral  line  to  caudal 


224  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

base  as  87  to  94  in  Japan ;  S7  to  94,  Pliili])])iiu'  Islands;  S()  and  90  in  two  tVoin  tlic 
Hawaiian  Islands;  88  to  94  in  Samoa;  83  to  93  in  the  region  of  Panama;  85  to  87 
in  Jamaica;  84  to  89  in  Cuba;  90  in  one  from  Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts. 

The  gill-rakers  viwy  fi-oni  9  to  11+27  to  30,  without  apparent  geographical 
correlation.  The  two  isolated  anal  spines  seem  to  grow  relatively  longer  with 
age.     Tlu"  name  Schir  must  by  our  rules  supersede  Atulc  not   Tnichurops. 

238.    [380]    Carangoides  equula  (Temminck  and  Schlegelj.     ////7/-a_//=  Bi'oad  Agi. 

Shizuoka  and  Osaka  markets  (Jordan) ;  Tol)a  market  (Joi'dan  and  Yamamoto) ; 
Kochi  (Wakiya);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Rather  common.    Body  everywhere  suffused  with  brassy;  fins  light  yi>llow. 

239.   [381]  Longirostrum  delicatissimum  (Doderlein)**-. 

.S7(////rr-(/_//  =  St  rilled  Aji. 

Osaka  and  Tokyo  markets  (Jordan). 

240.   [383]  Caranx  bixanthopterus  Ruppell. 

This  common  food-fish  of  the  Middle  and  Western  Pacific,  widely  known  as 
Ulua,  was  not  obtained  in  1922,  unless  represented  among  the  numerous  young 
examples  from  Misaki,  Tokyo,  Toba,  and  Kagoshima.  These  specimens  have 
been  placed  in  the  American  Must>um  to  be  studied  by  Mr.  John  T.  Nichols. 

The  name  Caranx  forsteri  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  cannot  possibly  belong  to 
this  species.  Caranx  melaminjgus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  wrongly  identified 
with  Caranx  stellatus  Quoy  and  Ciaimard.  has  the  same  long  dorsal  and  anal  fins 
(D.  23,  A.  19),  the  anterior  rays  of  both  fins  much  elevated  and  black  at  tip.  But 
Dr.  Wakiya  finds  a  species  of  this  type  in  Ryiikyu  with  these  lobes  proportionately 
still  higher.  This  species  he  calls  Caranx  melampygus.  The  oldest  name  certainly 
applicable  to  the  Ubta  or  Kasiani-aji  is  bixanthopterus,  an  ai)propriate  term  as 
the  pectoral  fins  are  bright  yellow  in  life. 

241.   [387]  Alectis  ciliaris  (Bloch).    //o///A-/-r/a/  =  Silk-thread  Porgy. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Misaki  (Aoki).  Young 
specimens  with  long  filaments  on  the  fins. 

^''  111  this  account  of  the  ('fira/iyi(l(c  we  have  ch)scly  followed  the  iioiiienclature  of  Dr.  Wakiya  in 
his  ])ai)er  entitled  "The  Carangoid  Fishes  (}f  .Japan,"  recently  issuetl  in  the  Annals  of  the  Carnegie  Museum, 
Vol.  XV,  ])p.  1.39-292. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  225 

I'aniily  RACHYCENTRID.E. 
242.   [389]  Rachycentron  canadum  (Liniurus).    Suji. 

Osaka  market  (Jordan).  Rare.  This  form,  wliich  is  R.  pondurrriinunii  of 
("uvicr  aiul  \alciiciciiii('s,  rcciuii-es  comparison  with  Atlantic  specimens  of  R. 
canadum. 

Family  LEIOGNATHID.E. 

243.  [390]  Leiognathus  nuchalis  (Tt-mniinck  and  Schlegel). 

Hiirayi  =  Holly-tree. 

Mikawa  Bay  (AI.  Ishikawa);  Tokyo  and  Shizuoka  markets  (Jordan);  Toba 
market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Kochi  (Wakiya);  Fukuoka  (Hamada) ;  Fukui 
(Nonaka).    Generally  common. 

244.  [391]  Leiognathus  rivulata  (Tcmminck  and  Schlegt^). 

Okilniragi  =  OUshove  Hiiragi. 

Wakanoura  (Yamamoto);  Kobe  maiket  (Jordan);  Tatoku  Island  (Mikinioto); 
Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ;  Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Noo. 

The  greatest  depth  of  the  body  is  contained  2.8  to  3.2  times  in  the  lcnii;th  to 
caudal  fin. 

Family  CORYPH.ENID.E. 
245.   [394]  Coryphaena  hippurus  Linnaeus.    .S7i'//r(/ =  Dolpliin. 

Tokyo  mai-ket  (Joi'dan);  Misaki  (Aoki);  Fukui.     (ienerally  common. 

The  specimen  from  Misaki  is  a  young  individual,  in  all  essential  I'espccts  like 
the  type  of  EcteniaH  hniniKus  Jordan  and  Thompson.'^  The  otluM'  s]U'cini('iis  are 
half-grown  individuals,  and  scive  to  coimect  these  young  sj^ecimens  definitely 
with  the  adult  of  Con/plKiiKi. 

Family  BRAIMID.E. 
24(i.    [401]   Taractes  steindachneri  (Doderlein).     Z^r/«:;r;/-(/»'o  =  Hunah-fish. 

Argo  steindachneri  Doderlein,  Denksch.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wein,  XLVH,  18S3,  ]).  242 
(named  as  "n.  sj).,  n.  g(Mi."  and  well  figuretl,  but  not  described);  ihid..  XLIX, 
1884,  p.  174  (descrii)tion  and  excellent  figures). 
A  fine  specimen  was  secured  in  the  Shizuoka  market  In-  Jordan.    The  species 

must  be  very  rare  in  Japan. 

'*■■'  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  \\.  I'.tU.  i>.  241,  iil.  XXVII,  fig.  3. 


22()  MEMOIRS  OK  TIIK  CAUNEIilK  MUSKUM. 

Family  PAIMPID/E. 
247.   [404]  Pampus  argenteus  (Iui])hi'ason).    MniKK/dlsmro. 

Yokohama  and  Kyoto  markets  (Jordan);  Soo-cliow,  China  (Dr.  Coia  1>. 
Rc('V(\s) , 

(l('ii('i-ally  common  south\\ai'(k     A  \-ahi('d  food-fish. 

Family  STROMATEID.E. 
248.   [406]  Psenopsis  anomala  (Tcmniinck  and  Schlegel).     Ehodai. 

Kagoshima  Bay,  Kochi  (Wakiya) ;  Tokyo  mark(>t  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay 
(M.  Lshikawa);  Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Aliyazn,  Sea  of  Japan;  and  Yamada.  Seen  in 
Ozaka,  Kobe,  and  Yokohama. 

This  small  species  is  generally  common  southward  in  the  markets,  and  is 
valued  as  a  table-fish. 

Dorsal  spines  0,  graduated;  vertebi'a:>  strong,  about  12- b5  in  number;  flesh 
firm,  and  much  as  in  Panmotus  or  I'dlonuta.     V(>ntral  fins  well  developed. 

Family  CENTROLOPHID.E. 
Genus  Ocycrius  Jordan  and  nul)bs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:     Ccntrolophus  joponictis  Doderlein. 

This  genus  is  closely  related  to  Palinurichthys  Bleeker,  {perciformis)  of  the 
eastei-n  coast  of  the  United  States,  diffei-ing  in  the  more  elongate  body,  the  longer 
and  much  more  i)ointed  lobes  of  the  dee]:)ly  forked  caudal,  and  the  lanceolate 
pectoral.  It  is  also  related  to  the  Australian  Hijperoglyphe,  in  which  genus  the 
dorsal  spines  are  higher,  the  median  highest,  the  scales  smaller  and  the  fins  also 
pointed.  Regan  unites  all  these,  with  others,  under  the  i)reoccupied  name  of 
/>/r».s  Lowe,  which  nnist  be  replaced  by  Mupus  Cocco. 

249.   |4()7]  Ocycrius  japonicus  (Doderlein).    iMe(}(ti  =  Big-eye  Porgy. 

(Plate  IX;  fig.  4.) 

Two  sp(>cimens  from  the  Tokyo  market  (Jordan),  29  anil  41.")  cm.  long  to 
caudal  fin. 

These  specimens  agree  with  Doderlein's  account  in  all  i-espects,  except  those 
which  might  have  been  i:)roduced  by  the  drying  out  oi-  i)oor  pi'eservation  of  his 
type.  Such  a  condition  would  account  for  the  much  larger  size  of  the  orbit,  the 
presence  of  a  keel  on  top  of  head,  the  concave  contovu-  on  front  of  interorbital 
space,  the  greater  prominence  of  the  serrations  on  the  margins  of  the  opercular 
bones,  etc.,  of  the  tyjie,  as  compared  with  oui'  material. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  227 

Dorsal  rays,  VII  or  VIII,  23  to  26;  anal,  III,  18.  Dorsal  spines,  verj'  short, 
subequal,  largely  concealed  in  a  scaly  thick  sheath,  not  graduated  into  the  soft 
rays.  Head  evenly  gibbous,  without  a  keel  aliove.  Eye  (not  orbit)  much  sliortei- 
than  intcrorbital  width,  a  little  shorter  than  snout,  not  quite  one-foui'th  length  of 
head.  Preopercle,  subopercle,  and  interopercle  with  weak  denticulations.  SuiJjjle- 
mental  maxillary  small  and  indistinct.  Gill-rakers  long  and  strong,  about  0  +  16; 
lateral  line  becoming  straight  at  tip  of  pectoral;  roof  of  mouth  rounded  without 
evident  groove. 

Family  PEAIPHERIIXE. 
Genus  (  "atalufa  Snyder. 

Snyder  has  distinguished  a  genus  Catalufa,  with  the  new  species,  ximbra,  fiom 
Japan  as  the  type,  and  containing  also  Pemphcris  compressus  of  Australia,  the 
scales  being  all  strongly  ctenoid  in  the.se  two  species,  instead  of  largely  smooth,  as 
in  most  Pempherids.  But  Pempheris  cumpressus  is  the  original  type-species  of 
Pemphcris.  The  species  retained  by  Snyder  in  Pempheris  have  been  placed  by 
Ogilby  (1913)  in  a  new  genus,  Liopempheris.  Catalufa  and  Pempheris  may, 
however,  be  regarded  as  generically  distinct,  as  the  lateral  line  in  the  type  of 
Catalufa  is  almost  straight,  whereas  in  Pempheris,  as  in  Liopempheris,  it  is  strongly 
curved. 

250.   [409  and  412]  Catalufa  japonica  (Doderlein).     Agonashi. 

Pempheris  japonicus  Steindachner  and  Doderlein,  Beit.  Fische  Japans,  II,  1884, 

p.  29. 
Catalufa  umbra  Snyder,' Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XL,  1911,  p.  528;  XLII,  1912,  p.  412, 

pi.  52,  fig.  3. 

Two  specimens,  77  and  80  mm.  to  caudal  fin,  from  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamarnoto) . 

Dorsal  rays  VI,  II;  anal  rays.  III,  35  or  37;  scales  14-76-29.  Depth  of  body, 
2.2;  head,  3.35  in  total  length  to  base  of  caudal.  Depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  3.0 
or  3.2  in  length  of  head;  eye,  2.35;  snout,  5.5;  upper  jaw,  1.9  or  2.0;  interorliital 
space,  3.3  or  3.4;  scales  on  front  half  of  interorbital  space  imbedded  in  the  flesh.y 
skin,  but  not  absent  as  described  l)y  Doderlein;  the  "5-6  mehi-  odei-  minder  stark 
entwickelte  zahnahnliche  Dornen"  described  by  Doderlein  as  developed  along  the 
outer  mandibular  edge  near  the  symphysis  are  merely  a  row  of  upturned  si)inules 
on  the  strongly  ctenoid  scales  of  the  mandible;  other  head  characters  are  as  de- 
scribed by  Doderlein  and  by  Snyder.  Origin  of  dorsal  about  twice  as  far  from  ti]) 
of  middle  caudal  rays  as  from  tip  of  mandible.  Highest  dorsal  spine  1.4  in  head; 
first  soft  ray   (not  the  fourth  as  obviously  misi)i-intefl  in  Snyder's  descrii)tion) 


228  MEMOIRS  OK  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

longest,  3.4  or  3.()  in  total  lengtli  to  caudal,  or  1.1  in  lt'nj);th  of  head;  l)asc  of  dorsal, 
4.G  or  5.2  in  total  length,  equal  to  length  of  liead  to  jiosterior  niaigin  of  eye.  Origin 
of  anal  equidistant  between  tip  of  mandible  and  base  of  caudal,  or  a  little  nearer 
the  former;  the  base  of  the  fin  exceeding  length  of  head  by  a  distance  somewhat 
greater  than  orbital  length.  Ventral  inserted  barely  in  advance  of  vertical  from 
end  of  pectoral  base.  Second  and  longest  anal  ray  a  trifle  longer  than  eye;  margin 
of  the  fin  weakly  concave  anteriorly.  V(>nti-al  spine  about  two-thirds  the  total 
length  of  fin,  which  eciuals  the  dorsal  base,  being  contained  4.6  or  5.2  times  in 
total  length;  ])ectoral  ])ointed,  its  length  1.2  in  head,  or  3.8  in  total  l(>ngth.  Scales 
all  evenly  disi)osed,  of  regular  size,  closely  imbricate  and  strongly  ctenoid  (except 
on  toj)  of  head  anteriorly).  Lateral  line  very  slightly  curved  anteriorly,  running 
nearly  straight  fi'om  uii]ier  end  of  gill-opening  to  end  of  middle  caudal  rays,  not 
parallel  with  the  dorsal  contour  posterioi-ly;  least  distance  from  origin  of  donsal 
to  lateral  line  equal  to  length  of  eye. 

Color  deep  brown,  with  about  eleven  dark  vertical  ])ars  about  as  wide  as  the 
lighter  interspaces,  and  very  indefinite,  except  near  middle  of  l)ody.  Lobes  of 
dorsal,  caudal,  and  anal  broadly  marked  with  black;  ventrals  blackish  posteriorly, 
puncticulate;  pectoi-als  nearly  clear. 

The  excellent  description  by  Steindachner  and  Doderlein  is  obviously  based 
on  an  example  of  the  present  species.  They  eri',  however,  in  referring  Schlegel's 
Pempheris  nwlucca.  which  is  rather  the  species  here  called  sasakii  to  the  synonymy 
of  japonicus.  It  is  this  fact  which  iiro])ably  led  Professor  Snyder  to  r(>name  the 
present  species,  and  to  apply  the  name  japonicus  to  a  species  of  Lio pempheris. 
The  latter  we  here  ]-)rovisionally  identify  as  JAnpcmphnis  vaiticolrnsis. 

251.  Liopempheris  sasakii  Joidan  and  Hubl)s,  sp.  nov.    (Plate  X;  fig.  1.) 

Pempheris  molucca  Temminck  and  Schlegel,  Fauna  Jaiionica,  Pisces,  1844,  p.  85, 

pi.  44,  fig.  3  (not  of  Cuvier  and  ^^alenciennes). 

Type,  a  specimen  97  mm.  long  to  the  caudal  fin,  from  Toba  (Jordan  and 
Yamamoto)  C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7861. 

This  species  is  not,  as  Doderlein  and  others  have  indicated,  synonymous 
with  Pempheris  {=  Cataliifa)  japonieus,  being  referable  rather  to  the  genus 
Liopempheris  OgilI)y  (1913).  From  other  species  of  that  genus  it  differs  in  tlie 
smaller  size  of  the  scales,  about  as  numei-ous  as  in  Calalufa  japonica. 

Dorsal  rays,  VL  9;  anal,  IIL  41;  scales,  8-74-23.  Depth,  2.45  in  length; 
head,  3.6;  (>ve.  2.6;  interorbital  width,  4.5;  width  of  head,  1.9;  snout,  4.35.  Inter- 
orbital  space,   snout,  and   ))reorI)ital   i'(\gion  entin^ly  scaled,   except  immediately 


.(ORDAN   AND  IIUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   11122.  229 

about  eye  and  nostrils.  Lateral  line  i-atlicr  strongly  curved  throughout  its  length, 
the  highest  point  of  the  curve  about  as  distant  from  the  choiil  of  the  cui'\-e  as  the 
lateral  line  is  fi'oni  the  oi-igin  of  dorsal;  lateral  line  everywhere  completely  i)ai-allel- 
ing  the  dorsal  contour.  Scales  deciduous,  cycloid,  or  very  w(\ikly  ctenoid  where 
remaining,  their  exposed  faces  deeper  than  long.  Origin  of  doi'sal  about  2.45  times 
as  distant  from  tip  of  caudal  as  from  tip  of  mandilile;  sixth  dorsal  spine  longer 
than  snout  and  eye,  contained  1.4  times  in  head;  first  and  longest  soft  ray  slightly 
longer  than  postorbital;  base  of  dorsal  a  little  shorter  than  distance  fi-om  tip  of 
mandible  to  posterior  orbital  margin;  base  of  anal  e(jual  to  distance  fiom  anal 
origin  to  front  of  head,  exceeding  length  of  head  l)y  a  distanct>  greater  than  twice 
diameter  of  eye;  origin  of  anal  about  Ix-low  middle  of  dorsal  base;  second  and 
longest  anal  ray  slightly  longer  than  eye;  insertion  of  ventral  fin  sHghtly  in 
advance  of  lower  posterior  end  of  pectoi-al  base;  ventral  spine  as  long  as  eye,  the 
soft  rays  1.4  times  longer,  just  reaching  anal  origin;  length  of  jH'ctoi'al,  1.1  in  head. 

C'oloi-  olive-brown,  becoming  darker  on  tip  of  snout,  in  front  of  preopercular 
ridge,  on  opercle  along  subopercular  maigin,  on  alxlomen  behind  line  joining 
pectoral  and  ventral  bases,  just  within  the  anal  base,  on  internal  base  of  pectoral, 
and  about  the  latei-al  line  near  its  origin;  silvery  with  black  sjiecks  below  the  eye 
and  l)elow  and  before  the  pectoral  and  ventral  bases;  lateial  line  an  unpigmented 
streak.  Dorsal  broadly  blackish  along  fi'ont  margin  and  at  tii),  otherwise  pale; 
caudal  light  dusky,  blackening  toward  free  edge;  anal  black  neai'  front,  l)ul  through- 
out most  of  its  length  whitish  i)i'oximally,  aliruptly  blackish  on  distal  half;  jiaired 
fins  clear,  except  for  black  punctations  at  their  bases. 

This  species  is  named  for  Madoka  Sasaki,  Professor  of  Marine  Zoology  at  the 
Imperial  University  of  the  Hokkaido  at  Sa])iioro.  Liopnnphrn's  ni/rfcrculcH  (.Jordan 
and  Evermann)  from  Formosa  seems  closely  allietl  to  L.  .sa.sitLii. 

252.    [Extratei'i-.]    Liopempheris  vanicolensis  Cuvier  and  \'ali'ncieiHies. 

Pcmpheris  jttponkus  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLII,  1922,  p.  497  (Okinawa) 

(not  of  Doderlein). 

The  specimens  of  Pcmpheris  recorded  as  P.  jnpoiiiru.'^  from  Okinawa  (Ryukyu) 
by  Snyder,  were  certainly  incoii'ectly  determinetl.  The  original  P.  jiipntiicus  is 
the  species  subsequently  descrilied  by  Snyder  as  Cdlahifa  utiihni.  Tlie  Okinawa 
six^cimens,  which  we  have  re-examined,  are  close  to  P.  lutiu'colensis,  and  are  i)i-ol)ably 
identical  with  that  species,  of  which  we  have  three  specimens  from  tlie  Philippines 
and  Samoa.  These  have  43  to  45  anal  soft  rays  (CUinther  counted  38  to  40,  Ble(>ker 
39  to  45);  the  two  from  Okinawa  have  only  3(i  ravs.     Thev  have  about  9  or  11-49 


230  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

or  51-12  scales,  but  the  scale-count  is  here  of  little  value,  excei)t  along  the  lateral 
line,  because  the  normally  very  large  scales  are  replaced  in  irregular  and  inconstant 
patches  by  very  much  smaller  scales;  thus  one  specimen  has  three,  another  eight 
rows  between  the  latei-al  line  and  the  median  doi'sal  row  on  the  caudal  peduncle, 
and  the  number  varies  on  the  two  sides  of  the  same  fish;  sometimes  as  many  as 
six  or  eight  small  scales  will  replace  a  single  large  one  on  the  lower  side.  There  is 
no  spot  on  the  base  of  the  pectoral  fin,  but  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins  were  probably 
originally  black;  the  fin-membrane  is  here  lost,  however,  and  the  rays  more  or 
less  broken,  so  that  the  fins  appear  nearly  clear.  In  general  appearance  these 
specimens  from  Okinawa  are  like  those  of  L.  vanicolensis. 

Family  APOGONID.E. 

253.   [413]  Apogonichthys  carinatus  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 

Mato-isit imoch i  =  Target  Rice-fish. 

Wakanoura  (Yamamoto);  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Kochi  (W'akiya); 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

Young,  5  to  6  cm.  long,  have  the  body  crossed  mesially  by  aljout  eight  dark 
shades  of  varying  width,  somewhat  expanded  toward  their  truncated  upper  and 
lower  ends.  Specimens  7  to  8  cm.  long  still  show  these  bars,  but  less  distinctly.  In 
the  adults  they  have  vanished  completely. 

254.    [414]    Apogon  lineatus  Temminck  and  Schlegel.     Moc/miU'o  =  Rice-fish. 

Wakanoura  (Yamamoto) ;  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Kobe  market 
(Jordan);  ]\Iikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  Misaki  (Aoki);  Toyama,  Fukui,  and  Xoo, 
all  on  the  Sea  of  Japan.  Dr.  Cora  B.  Reeves  has  sent  specimens  fi'om  Soo-chow, 
China,  to  the  University  of  Michigan. 

Everywhere  common  southward.     A  little  shore-fish. 

255.   [415]  Apogon  niger  Doderlein.     Kwo-ishimochi  =  'B\ack-vnck  Rice-fish. 

We  have  one  example  of  this  species,  collected  l)y  Aoki  at  Misaki.  It  shows 
no  definite  markings  on  the  body. 

256.   [420]  Apogon  semilineatus  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

Wakanoura  (Yamamoto);  Misaki  (Aoki). 
Coloration  ty])ical. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  231 

257.   [422]  Apogon  kiensis  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

A  specimen  from  Misaki  (Aoki)  agrees  well  with  the  types.  The  up])ei-  hand 
is  continued  hackward  faintly  to  the  caudal  fin,  and  theic  is  an  indistinct  dusky 
line  both  above  and  below  the  main  black  band,  and  finally  another,  somewhat 
wider,  running  straight  backward  from  the  upper  margin  of  eye  to  bt'low  the 
interval  between  dorsal  fins.    Ti'aces  of  these  less  distinct  lines  remain  in  the  types. 

258.   [425]  Synagrops  japonica  (Dcideilein).    .S'»»(//,;//-////v)=  Ink-fish. 
A  single  specimen  was  obtained  by  Aoki  at  Alisaki. 

Family  SC(3MBR0PID.E. 
259.   [42G  and  427]  Scombrops  boops  (Houttuyn).    .\fiitsu. 

?Telescopias  gilberti  J ord as  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIII,  11)01,  ]>.  009, 

pi.  45. 

Yokohama,  Shizuoka,  Osaka,  and  Tokyo  markets  (Jordan);  Toba  (Jordan  and 
Yamamoto);  Alisaki  (Aoki).  The  small  red  form  (boops)  is  generally  common; 
the  large  black  form  {gUherti)  is  distinctly  rare. 

The  only  sharply  distinctive  feature  accredited  to  Telescoping  (jilberti  is  the 
number  of  anal  spines,  two,  instead  of  three,  as  in  Scombrops  boiips.  But  the  type 
specimen  has  three  anal  spines,  the  first  ind(>ed  very  small,  but  evident.  Differ- 
ences in  pi'oportions  and  in  scale-counts  do  not  seem  to  hold.  The  color  is  i)ale 
dull  red  in  the  ordinary  Mufsit  {boops)  and  perhaps  changes  to  l)lack  with  age 
(gilberti). 

Depth  of  body  3.6  to  4.3;  orbit,  3.0  to  3.5  (slightly  decreasing  in  relative  size 
with  age);  depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  3.2  to  3.6.  Scales  51  to  65  along  lateral 
line,  17  to  21  in  transverse  series;  developed  gill-rakers,  1  to  4  and  11  to  14. 

We  have  a  young  example  from  Misaki;  a  series  of  specimens  corresjionding 
with  ./.  boops  from  the  same  place  and  from  Yokohama,  Tokyo,  and  Toba  markets; 
one  intermediate  in  size  and  coloi'  between  boops  and  ''gilberti, '^  from  the  Shizuoka 
market,  and  a  large  adult,  like  tlu>  type  of  gilberti,  from  the  Yokohama  niaiket, 
where  several  others  were  seen.  In  spite  of  this  evidence,  we  aiv  not  yet  fully 
convinced  that  the  rare  gilberti  is  the  adult  of  th(>  common  Ixiops. 

Family  AC'ROPO^IID.E. 
260.   [430]  Acropoma  japonicum  (lUnther.    I)ot)o-i)uitsu. 
Two  specimens  were  obtained  by  Yainan)oto  at  Wakanour;i. 


232  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  KUHLIID.E. 
201.   [Extraterr.]  Kuhlia  rupestris  (Lacepede).    Mikiju. 

We  liave  a  specimen  of  this  species  from  Chataii,  Ryukyfi,  collcM-ted  hy  H. 
Kui'oiwa. 

Dorsal  X,  11;  anal.  Ill,  lU;  scales,  5.5-39-8.5;  gill-rakers,  7  and  18.  Depth, 
2.7;  longest  dorsal  si)ine  a  little  shorter  than  longest  soft  ray,  and  not  (juite  one- 
half  length  of  head. 


'»' 


Family  PRIACWXTHID.E. 

262.   [433]  Priacanthus  macracanthus  C'uvier  and  Valenciennes. 

Beni-imJmru  =  Red  P()])-eye;  Kin))ir  =  Ciold-eye. 

O.saka  market  (Joixlan);  Alikawa  Bay  (AI.  Isliikawa);  Fukui  (Nonaka); 
Miyazu.     Six  si^ecimens  in  all. 

Dor.sal  rays.  X,  12  (one  specimen)  or  13  (five  specimens);  anal  raj's,  III,  14 
(all  cases).  Depth  of  body  decreasing  with  age,  but  greatei'  than  length  of  head  in 
all  our  specimens  (depth  2.6  in  a  specimen  117  mm.  long  to  caudal;  2.8  to  2.9  in 
four  130  to  142  mm.  long;  3.3  in  adult).  Preopercular  spine  reaching  to  gill- 
opening  in  one  young,  farther  in  ;dl  other  specimens.  Both  dorsals  and  ventral 
blotched  with  dark,  especially  in  the  young;  anal  largely  clear. 

263.   [434]  Priacanthus  meeki  .Jenkins.     Hoseki- Kinme  =  Gem  Gold-i^ye. 

Tatoku  Island  (Mikimoto);  Alisaki  (Aoki).  Two  young  specimens,  94 
and  99  mm. 

Dorsal  rays  X,  13  or  14;  anal,  III.  15  (both  cases).  Depth  of  l)ody  greater 
than  leiigtli  of  head,  2.6  in  standard  length.  Preop(M-culai'  sjiine  not  reaching 
gill-opening.  Vertical  fins  dusky,  becoming  black  anteriorly;  ventrals  largely 
black  with  some  lighter  mai'kings. 

This  species  seems  identical  with  Priaatnfhus  mecki,  the  common  form  in 
Hawaii.  In  P.  haninilir  of  the  Red  Sea  and  East  Indies  the  body  is  said  to  be 
more  elongate,  the  de])th  3.  to  3.5  in  length. 

264.   1435]  Priacanthus  japonicus  ( "uviei'  and  Valenciennes. 
('}iiJ:<niii>-  Kin  Die  =  Xear-sighted  Gold-eye. 

Tokyo  and  Yokohama  markets  (Jordan) ;  Kochi  (Wakiya) ;  Toyama  (Yos- 
hizawa);  Miyazu,  Misaki  (Aoki). 


JOKDAN  AND  HUBB.S:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   I'.i22.  233 

205.   [436]  Pseudopriacanthus  niphonius  (( 'uvici' and  \'alenciennes). 
A'(/r»//((/-f/(7/  =  Wliccl-porgy. 

Tokyo  mai-kot  (.loidaii);  Kochi  (Wakiya);  Misaki  (Aoki). 
One  of  the   Misaki   specimens  is  a  young  one,   matching  Schlegel's  figure 
(pl.7a,  fig.  2). 

Family  OLIGORID.^. 
260.   |437|  Malakichthys  griseus  Doderk'in.    0///r//r;/rt  =  Big-eyed  Bass. 

We  liave  nine  specimens  of  this  pecuhar  bas.s-Hke  fish:  eiglit  collected  l)y  Air. 
Yojiro  Wakiya  at  Kagoshima;  and  one  by  Dr.  Jordan  in  tlie  Sliizuoka  fish-market. 
There  seems  to  be  no  reason  to  doubt  the  identity  of  Sdtsiinni  inacrups  Smith  and 
Pope  with  this  sijecies. 

267.   [437A]  Malakichthys  wakiyee  Joidan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 

(Plate  X:  fig.  2.) 

Type  a  specimen  110  nun.  long  to  the  caudal  fin,  collected  by  W^akiya  in 
Kagoshima  Bay;  C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7863.  Six  paratypes  were  obtained  at 
the  same  place. 

This  sharply  marked  species  differs  from  M.  griseus.  hitherto  the  only  one 
known,  in  many  ways.  The  anal  fin  has  9,  oi'  rai'cly  10,  soft  rays,  instead  of  only 
7,  the  base  of  this  fin  is  about  half  longer,  instead  of  shoi'ter  than,  the  length  of 
the  anal  spine.  All  of  the  fins  are  smaller;  the  soft  portion  of  both  dorsal  and 
anal  fins  are  longer,  instead  of  shorter  than  high;  the  i^iectoral  reaches  not  cjuite 
so  far  as,  or  barely  to,  the  vertical  from  tVont  of  anal  (in  one  specimen  to  above 
second  anal  spine),  instead  of  to  above  first  soft  ray  of  anal  (in  one  specimen  only 
to  above  second  spine) ;  the  ventral  does  not  nearly  reach  to  the  vent,  only  one- 
half  to  two-thirds  the  distance  to  the  origin  of  the  anal,  instead  of  nearly  to  the 
vent,  and  more  than  two-tliirds  the  distance  to  the  anal.  The  head  is  shoi'ter 
and  much  narrower;  the  eye  smaller;  head  2.6  to  2.75  (instead  of  2.35  to  2.6), 
mucli  less  than,  instead  of  about  half  as  wide  as  long;  eye  shoi'ter  than,  instead  of 
as  long  as,  postorbital,  2.8  to  3.0  (not  2.5  to  2.7)  in  head.  The  vomerine  teeth 
form  a  distinctly  Y-shaped  figure,  instead  of  a  triangle  with  moderately  concave 
sides.  The  scales  are  slightly  smaller.  Dorsal  rays,  IX,  I,  10;  anal.  III,  9  (10  in 
one  specimen);  pectoral,  13;  ventral,  I,  5;  caudal,  17  (15  branched);  scales,  5  to 
6-47  to  49-13  or  14  (5  or  6-42  to  45-12  to  14  in  M.  griseus);  gill-rakers  22  to  24 
below  angle  on  first  arch;  branchiostegals,  7.    Body  ratluM'  angular,  deepest  Ix'low 


234  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

origin  of  dorsal  (dej^th  2.6  to  2.7).  Dor.sal  contour  l:)efor(>  tliis  jioint  gently  sigmoid, 
being  concave  above  eye  behind  front  of  dor.sal,  gently  curved  to  caudal  peduncle; 
ventral  contour  flattish  medially,  l)ut  ascending  rather  abruptly  on  mandible  and 
along  anal  base.  Head,  as  viewed  from  above,  nuich  tliiniici-  and  less  -wedge- 
.•<liaped  than  in  M.  griseus.  Interorbital  slighth'  convex,  cavernous,  about  two- 
thirds  as  wide  as  eye  (scarcely  more  than  half  eye  in  .1/.  griseus);  border  of  orbit 
and  preopercular  ridge  sharp  (in  j^-eserved  .specimens);  preopercular  margin  den- 
ticulate on  lower  border  and  al)out  the  iiroduced  rounded  angle;  opercle  ending 
in  two  sharp  points,  the  lower  the  longer;  o]-ierculai-  membrane  wide,  extending 
well  behind  ])ectoral  base.  Mandible  strongly  projecting,  with  two  sharp  spines 
at  tij);  maxillary  with  a  long  narrow  supplementary  lione  above  a  strong  sharp 
ridge,  which  fits  against  the  edge  of  the  narrow  suborbital.  Teeth  minute,  granular, 
except  in  outer  row  of  jaw.  in  lather  wide  Ijantls  in  jaws,  in  a  Y-shaped  group  on 
the  vomer  (the  base  of  the  Y  i)ointing  forward),  and  in  a  very  narrow  band  running 
into  a  single  series  posteriorly  on  tlie  sliarp  elevated  ridge  of  the  palatine;  none  on 
the  tongue.  Scales  rather  firm.  al)out  twice  as  deep  as  long,  the  basal  margin 
straight,  scalloped  l:)etween  the  ends  of  the  strong  radii;  focus  near  apical  margin; 
circuli  only  moderately  angulated  lietween  dorsal  and  latei-al  fields,  running  into 
the  lateral  margin  at  an  angle  of  alniut  45  degrees;  no  circuli.  radii,  or  ctenii  on  the 
nanow  apic;d  field:  the  apical  margin  .sharply  denticulate.  Head  almost  com- 
pletely scaled. 

Body  light  olive-l)ro\vn  above,  becoming  darker  on  the  snout;  the  sides  and 
lower  surfaces  bi'ight  silvery.  Fins  with  some  dusky  color,  the  spinous  dorsal 
becoming  black  at  margin;  a  black  spot  on  axil  of  pectoi-al.  more  distinct  than  in 
.1/.  griseus. 

268.    [439]    Lateolabrax  japonicus  i( 'uvier  and  Valenciennes).    *Si/zwA-i  =  Sea-bass. 

Sapi')oro  market  (]\Iajima);  Tokyo  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan);  Kagoshima 
Bay  (Wakiya);  ^likawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  ]Miyazu,  Fukuoka  (Hamada);  Lake 
Kasumigam-a  (Hattori).    A  very  common  and  valued  food-fish  tln-oughout  Ja]")an. 

Family  XIPHONID.E. 
269.   [440]   Niphon  spinosus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.    .4 ««  =  Sea-bass. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa);  MLsaki  (Aoki);  ^Miyazu.  Fukui. 
An  uncommon  species,  reaching  a  considerable  size. 


JORDAN  AXD  IIUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  235 

Family  EPINEPHELID.E. 

270.   [441]  Bryttosus  kawamebari  (Temmiiick  and  Sehlegel). 

Kawa-mebaru  =  'RiyQV  Pop-eye  or  "Rock-cod." 

Tsuyama,  near  Okayama  (Kawamura);  Kumanioto  (Wakiya);  Hinieji  (Abe); 
Fukuoka  (Hamada). 

The  preopercle,  subopercle,  interopercle,  and  the  large  bony  scapular  scale,  all 
have  their  margins  denticulate,  but  covered  with  skin.  We  count  only  37  scales 
in  the  lateral  hne  to  caudal  base.  It  is  a  river-fish,  bearing  a  sti-ong  resemblance 
to  the  American  Centrarchidce  or  Sun-fishes. 

271.  [Extraterr.]  Siniperca  chua-tsi  Basilewsky. 

A  half-grown  specimen  of  this  common  River-l)ass  of  China  has  been  sent  l)y 
Di-.  Cora  B.  Reeves  to  the  Museum  of  Zoology,  University  of  Michigan.  It  agrees 
well  AAith  Boulenger's  description. 

272.  [Extraterr.]  Coreoperca  herzi  Herzenstein. 

Wakiya  has  sent  a  specimen  of  this  River-bass  from  the  Ping-yang  Ri\'er  in 
Korea.  Jordan  and  Metz  erroneously  indicated  Coreoperca  wititeheadi  Boulenger*' 
as  a  synonym  of  C.  herzi. ^'^ 

Dorsal  rays,  XIV,  13;  anal,  III,  8. 

273.   [450]  Epinephelus  craspedurus  Joiclan  and  Richardson. 

A  young  specimen  taken  in  the  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto)  agrees 
well  with  the  description  of  the  type,  except  that  the  caudal  is  truncate,  not  slightly 
emarginate.     Otherwise  known  only  from  Kagoshima. 

274.   [455]  Epinephelus  epistictus  (Temminck  and  Sehlegel). 
Komon-lmta  =  Backward  Bass. 
One  young:    Wakaiioura  (Yamamoto). 

275.   [456]  Epinephelus  morrhua  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes),    lyagobida. 

Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

We  follow  Boulenger  in  our  identification  of  this  species,  and  consider  E. 
doderleini  Franz  (1910)  as  probably  not  a  distinct  species;  we  have,  however,  no 
material  of  that  type. 

^■'  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Li)iidi)n,  LSS9,  p.  9(J0,  \A.  (JS.  Boulenger  here  gives  a  good  re-description  of 
C.  herzi. 

*'  Herzenstein,  Ann.  Mus.  Zool.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  1890,  p.  11. 


23()  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CAUNECIE  MUSEUM. 

Ill  the  adult  the  hands  of  the  young  hccoiiic  replaced  liy  doulile  rows  of  s|)ots. 
Tlie  disruption  of  tlic  bands  takes  place  in  a  regular  nianner  and  seciueiice.  Tli(> 
pigment  jjecomes  concentrated  toward  the  edges  of  the  bands,  so  as  to  form  two 
streaks,  which  later  break  up  into  lines  of  spots.  The  lower  postei'ior  part  of  the 
body  is  first  affected,  the  progress  of  disruption  being  toward  the  na])e,  where 
the  bars  still  remain  intact  in  our  adult  specimen. 

27G.    14581  Epinephelus  moara  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).    Mw(m  =  Sea-weed  Bass. 
Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamainoto);  Mikawa  (AI.  Ishikawa). 

277.  [450]   Epinephelus  awoara  (Temminck  and  Schlegelj.     .loam  =  Green  Bass. 
Mikawa  Bay,  Miyazu,  Fukui. 

278.  [400]  Epinephelus  septemfasciatus  (Thunberg).    M(ihiit(t  =  Tnu'  Hata,  or  Ijass. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan);  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamotoj;  Mikawa  Bay  (M. 
Ishikawa) ;  Fukui  (Nonaka) ;  Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Miyazu. 

279.   [461]  Epinephelus  tsirimenara  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Akaliatd  =  Red  Bass. 
Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

280.    [47(5]    Doderleinia  berycoides  (Hilgendorf).     .l/,7(-//n//.s»  =  Red  Mutsu. 

Shizuoka  (Jordan);  Toyama  (S.  Yosliizawa);  Miyazu;  Xoo  near  Niigata.  Not 
common,  its  color  a  brilliant  brick-red. 

Family  SERRAXID.E.^^ 

281.   [404]  Chelidoperca  hirundinacea  (f 'uvier  and  Valenciemies). 

Hiinc-k()-d(ii  =  Litt\v  Princess  Porgy. 

Kagoshima,  Kochi  (Wakiya);  Misaki  (Aoki). 

282.   [465]  Sayonara  satsumas  Jordan  and  Scale.    Sakurd-ihii  =  ('\\vvvy  Porgy. 
Kochi  (Wakiya). 

283.     [466]     Caprodon  schlegeli  ((Uinther).     Akn-is(u/i  =  ^(.x\  Isagi,  or  Croaker. 

Kyoto  market  (Jordan);  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 
Eye  golden-yellow;  body  mostly  scarlet. 

*'^The  Serranoid  genus,  Rhyacanthias  Jordan  {carlsmithi)  (Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  192.5  lately  descrilied 
from  Hawaii,  seems  inseparahle  from  Symi}h>j(mndon  Bleeker  (tijpus),  Arch.  Neerl.  XII,  61,  1878.  The 
minute  teeth  on  the  i)alate  were  overlooked  i)y  Bleeker,  who  placed  the  genus  near  Pomadasijs. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANKHE  FISHES  COLLECTED   l'.)22.  237 

Family  LUTIANID.E. 
284.   [4811  Lutianus  russelli  (Bleeker).     Kurn-h(>sln'-fi(cdai  =  B\'M'k-^tar  Porj^y. 

Kochi,  Shikoku  (Wakiya). 

285.   [483]  Lutianus  vaigensis  (Quoy  and  Gaimard). 
Okifinjcd(U  =  Oii-H]\o\T  Air-bkiddcr  Porgy. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya). 

286.   [484]  Lutianus  vitta  ((iuoy  and  (laimai-d). 
Kinscisaki  =  Symmetrical  Lsaki. 
Mikawa  Bay  {M.  Ishikawa) ;  Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ;  Fukui  (Nonaka);  Aliya/Ai. 
Not  rare. 

287.   [487]  Ulaula  sieboldii  (Bleeki-r). 
Y I )k(>-suji-fuyedai  =  Red  Air-bladder  Porgy. 

A  fine  specimen  23  cm.  long  to  the  caudal  fin,  was  taken  at  Toba.  (Jordan 
and  Yamamoto). 

Head,  3.2;  depth,  3.5;  eye,  5.8;  dorsal,  X,  11;  anal,  III.  8;  scales,  8.5-70-16; 
gill-rakers,  2.4  in  eye;  fifth  dorsal  spine  longest,  2.35  in  head;  third  anal  spine,  3.5; 

pectoral  fin,  1.07. 

The  presence  of  a  patch  of  teeth  on  the  tongue  and  the  slight  dev(^loiiment 
of  canines  warrant  the  recognition  of  Uhiula"'  as  of  generic  rank. 

Family  THERAPONID.E. 

288.   [490]  Therapon  oxyrhynchus  Temniinck  and  Schlegel. 

,S7i7'/?;r(-/.sY((//  =  Striped  Croaker. 

Kachi  River  at  Nagoya,  with  fi-t>sh-watt'r  fishes  (Jordan) ;  Toba  mark(>t  (Jordan 
and  Yamamoto);  Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Miyazu,  Lake  Mikata  near  Fukui. 

Common. 

The  young  of  this  species  live  in  the  bays  and  estuaries,  ascending  streams. 
These,  when  about  5  or  6  cm.  long,  diffei-  widely  from  the  adult,  desci-ibed  by 
Jordan  and  Thompson." 

The  head  is  longer  (2.7  to  2.8  in  length  to  caudal),  and  the  depth  of  the  body 
greater  (2.7  to  2.9).  The  coloration  is  markedly  diffei-ent  from  that  of  the  adult, 
which  is  well  shown  in  Schlegel's  plate  (pi.  6,  fig.  3).     The  secondary  bands  are 

""Jordan  and  Thompson,  I'roe.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXIX,  1911,  p.  400;  .Jordan  and  .Ionian,  Mem.  Car. 
Mus.,  X,  1922,  pp.  49,  .50. 

"  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLI,  1912,  p.  .538. 


238  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

not  developed,  only  the  i)riniaty  foui'  being  evident.  A  tendency  towaid  a  vertical, 
as  well  as  a  longitudinal,  pattern  is  brought  out  t)y  a  slight  intensification  of  the 
gi-ound-color  in  line  with  dilated  and  especially  darkened  portions  of  tlie  stripes. 
The  spinous  dorsal  is  marked  with  blackish  mottlings  on  base  and  with  lai-ge  distal 
blotches  on  the  membranes.  The  soft  doi'sal  and  cauflal  fins  are  longitudinally 
streaked  with  black,  but  pale-bordered.  Similar  specimens  were  recorded  from 
Swatow,  China,  by  Rutter.'*  Other  material  from  Japan,  both  in  the  present 
collection  and  in  the  Stanford  Museum,  fully  connects  these  young  with  the  adult. 
They  show  little  approach  toward  the  very  small  fish  described  and  figured  by 
Franz*^  as  the  young  of  this  species. 

289.   [491]  Therapon  servus  (Bloch).      Yagati-isagi. 

Kachi  River  at  Nagoya,  Kobe  market  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa). 

Tlie  young  of  tliis  fish,  as  those  of  the  last,  enter  fresh  water  and  associate 
with  Brook-gobies  and  Minnows.  In  the  young,  5  to  10  cm.  long,  the  form  and 
color  are  about  as  in  the  adult,  but  tlie  upper  band  is  not  broken  longitudinally, 
but,  on  the  contrary,  twice  vertically  by  the  lighter  ground-color. 

Family  BANJOSID^. 
290.   [492]  Banjos  banjos  (Richardson).     Banzai-dai  =  }inn-dh-\K)rgy. 

Misaki  (Aoki).    A  rare  and  curious  llsh. 

Family  POMADASID.E. 
291.   [493]  Parapristipoma  trilineatum  (Thunberg).    I sagi,  or  I saki. 

Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Toj'ama  (S.  Yoshizawa);  Tokyo  and  Kobe 
markets  (Jordan);  Wakanoura  (Yamamoto).    Common  southward. 

292.   [494]  Plectorhynchus  pictus  (Thunberg).     A'o/v;r/a/  =  Elder  Porgy. 
Wakanoura  (Yamamoto);  Kobe  market  (Jordan). 

293.    [495]    Plectorhynchus  cinctus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).     Kasho-dai. 

Wakanoura    (Yamamoto);    Toba    (Jordan    and    Yamamoto);    Toyama    (S. 
Yoshizawa);  Fukui  (Nonaka);  Misaki  (Aoki). 
Dorsal  rays,  XII,  16  to  18;  anal.  III,  8. 

*^  Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.  Pliila.,  1897,  p.  V.j. 

^^  Abh.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Vol.  I,  Suiipl.  4,  1010,  j).  46,  pi.  .5,  fit;.  31. 


.loKDA.N  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  239 

294.   [49Gj  Hapalogenys  mucronatus  ( I-^ytloux  and  Soulcyct). 
Higedai  =  Bearded  Pol■gJ^ 
0.saka  inaiket  (Jordan). 

295.   [497]  Hapalogenys  nigripinnis  (Tenimiiick  and  Sclik'gcl). 
Lctudai  =  Channel  porgy. 

Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Kochi  ( Wakiya) ;  t>oo-clio\v,  China  (^sent  by 
Dr.  Cora  B.  Reeves  to  University  of  Michigan). 

The  specimen  from  Kochi,  corresponds  with  the  descriptions  of  H .  kishiiKniyci. 
which  seems  to  be  the  young  of  H.  nigi'ipinnis. 

296.    [49S]  Scolopsis  inermis  (Teniminck  and  Schk'gel).     TaiiKujaHhird. 
Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

Family  C.ESIONID.E. 

Genus  C.^sio  Lacepede. 

297.  Caesio  lunaris  Ehrenberg. 

Tliree  specimens  of  this  species,  taken  by  Wakiya  at  Kagoshinia,  constitute 
the  first  record  of  the  species  from  Jajxin  proper. 

298.  Cassio  caerulaureus  (Lacepede).    Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.   Ill,  1SU2,  p.  8."). 

A  specimen  from  Kagoshima  (Wakiya)  is  the  first  to  be  recorded  from  Ja])an. 

299.  Cgesio  chrysozonus  Kuhl  and  Van  Hasselt. 

Twelve  examples  of  this  species,  which  was  originally  described  from  the 
Moluccas,  were  taken  by  Wakiya  at  Kagoshima.  The  two  largest  specimens  are 
especially  deep,  the  greatest  depth  being  contained  thirty-five  times  in  length  to 
caudal  fin.  All  three  of  these  handsome  trojiical  fishes  correspond  well  with 
current  descriptions. 

Family  LABRACOGLOSSID.E. 

It  is  obvious  that  Lahracoglossa  has  no  affinity  with  the  stromateid  fishes, 
with  which  it  has  been  aligned.  It  has  lately  been  made  the  type  of  a  distinct 
famil}',  with  which  certain  New  Zealand  genera  have  been  associated.^"  It  seems 
to  us  that  Lahracoglossa  is  as  near  to  Ccesio  as  to  any  other  genus. 

300.   [408]  Labracoglossa  argentiventris  Peters.     Takahc. 
Ten  specimens,  Misaki  (Aoki). 

'"  Jordan,  Stanford  Univ.  Pulil.  (Biol.)  3,  1923,  p.  203. 


240  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  DENTICID.^. 
301.    [4*J9]    Euthyopteroma  virgatum  (Houttuyn).     //of/o/7»  =  'riii(';i(l;  A(lv(>iituixT. 

Osaka  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan);  Alikawa  Bay,  I'^ukui,  Wukanoura,  Miyazu. 
A  beautifully  colored  fish,  generally  common  southward. 

302.  [oOO]  Euthyopteroma  bathybium  (Snydci').    Sdh-n-ildi/iyri. 

Kagoshinia  Bay  (Wakiya).  Two  siiecimens,  one  young,  with  a  veiy  lai-ge  eye 
(3  in  head). 

Family  8PARID.E. 

303.  [503]  Sparus  latus  Houttuyn.     /v»ro-f/«/  =  Black  Porgy. 

Bay  of  Mikawa  (M.  Ishikawa). 

Scales  5-45-11;  depth  of  l)0(ly,  2.55;  length  of  longest  spine  1.95  in  head; 
second  anal  spine  greatly  strengthened  and  elongate,  1.6  in  head;  membranes  of 
lower  fins  largely  l)lack  medially;  streaks  on  scale-rows  obscure;  vertical  bars 
obsolete. 

We  identify  our  specimens  of  this  genus  with  considerable  doubt.  The  char- 
act(>rs  given"'  to  separate  *S.  latun  from  »S'.  macrocephalus  {S.  swinhunis)  do  not 
hold  well. 

304.     [504]     Sparus  macrocephalus  Basilewsky.     MoroA:os/?idfl?' =  Minnowlord-tai 
Chrysophrijs  sirinJumis  GtJNTHER,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (4)  XIII,   1874,  p.  155. 

Tokyo  and  Shizuoka  markets  (Jordan) ;  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ; 
Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Toyama  (8.  Yoshizawa);  Misaki  (Aoki);  Miyazu, 
Fukui.  Generally  common  southward.  As  a  food-fish  inferior  to  the  Red  Tai 
( Pagrosomus) . 

Scales  6  to  9-48  to  56-14  to  16.  Depth  of  body,  2.4  to  2.G;  highest  dorsal 
spine  (third  or  fourth)  2.1  to  2.5  in  head;  second  anal  sj^ine,  when  depressed, 
reaching  to  about  opposite  the  middle  of  the  last  anal  ray,  and  contained  1.95  to 
2.15  times  in  the  head.  A  dark  spot  at  origin  of  lateral  line;  well  marked  olive 
streaks  along  the  I'ows  of  scales,  including  those  on  ch(X'ks;  body  with  sevi'ral 
rather  narrow  cross-bars;  lower  fins  blackish.  Dorsal  rays,  XI,  10  or  11;  anal, 
III,  8. 

305.     [505]    Lethrinus  haematopterus  Temininck  and  Schlegel.     Fucjuki-dai. 
Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya);  Miyazu,  Sea  of  Japan. 

"  See  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLI,  l(tl2,  pp.  581-588. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  241 

306.   [506]  Lethrinus  nematacanthus  Bleeker. 
Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

307.   [508]  Pagrosomus  major  (Tomminek  and  Sclilcgcl). 
Tai,  Ak(idai  =  \\{_'d  Tai,  or  Poi-gy. 

Kol:)e  mai'ket  (Jordan) ;  Alikawa  Bay  (W.  Ishikawa) ;  Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Miyazu. 
Common  throughout  Japan;  the  most  vakied  food-fish  of  the  Empire,  favoi-ed  by 
the  Fish-God,  Ebisu. 

In  this  species  the  four  scale-rows  adjoining  the  lateral  line  above  run  parallel 
with  it,  whereas  the  rows  between  these  four  and  the  dorsal  fin  extend  obliquely 
u])wai'd  and  backwai'd.  In  the  other  Japanese  sparids  all  of  the  scale-rows  above 
the  lateral  line  ai'e  parallel  witli  it. 

In  lif(^  the  Red  Tai  has  over  the  eye  a  spot  of  the  most  intense  blue,  which 
fades  at  deatli.  The  round  light  l)lue  spots  on  the  body  fade  with  age  and  with 
exposure. 

308.  [509]   Taius  tumifrons  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).     A7«f/(7/  =  Golden  Tai. 
Tokyo  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan) ;  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya) ;  Misaki  (Aoki) ; 

Toyama  (S.  Yoshizawa) ;  Miyazu,  Xoo. 

In  life  this  species  is  pale  red,  largely  washed  with  golden;  whole  fi'ont  and 
snout  yellow;  upper  lip  mostly  yellow;  thi-ee  large  diffuse  round  yellow  spots  on 
side  of  back,  fading  in  death.  It  is  now  taken  in  great  numbers  in  trawl-nets  in 
rather  deep  water. 

309.  [510]   Evynnis  cardinalis  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).     A'nr/a/  =  Little  Tai. 
Tokyo  market  (Jordan);  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Mikawa  Bay 

(M.  Ishikawa) ;  Toyama  (S.  Yoshizawa) ;  Miyazu. 

Our  specimens  vaiy  widely  in  the  form  of  the  body,  the  degree  of  elongation 
of  the  dorsal  spines,  and  the  development  of  vomerine  teeth,  but  we  are  unable  to 
refer  them  to  more  than  one  species.  For  this  reason  we  doubt  the  validity  of 
Parargyrops  edita  Tanaka.^'  The  species  is  unique  among  Sparoid  fishes  in  having 
a  few  large  bluntish  teeth  on  the  vomer.  It  is  common  southward  and  valued  as 
food. 

Family  GIRELLID^. 
310.   [511]  Girella  punctata  Gray.    Mezina. 

Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Dorsal,  XV,  13  or  14;  anal,  III,  12;  scales,  53;  a  dark  spot  on  each  scale. 

""  Fig.  Desc.  Fi.shes  .Jap.,  24,  1910,  p.  42.J,  pi.  116,  fig.  342;  pi.  117,  fig.  343. 


242  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  KYPHOSID.E. 

311.    |514]   Kyphosus  cinerascens  (Forskal).     T enjik a- is(nji  =  Indian  Cvoixkev; 

K uroisdyi  =  Black  Croaker. 

Family  GERRID.E. 
312.   [51(iJ  Gerres  erythrourus  (Bloch). 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya). 

As  the  oi'iginal  type  of  Gerres  Cuvier,  as  published  in  advance  by  Quoy  and 
Ciaimard,  was  a  Xi/stfmiti,  the  name  Gerres  must  be  retained  here. 

Family  SCIAEXID.E. 
Genus  Nibea  Jordan  and  Thompson. 

\\'e  now  regard  Scicena  aquila  (Lacepede)  as  the  legitimate  type  of  the  genus 
Scdcena  Linnaeus,  as  this  species  was  the  original  form  included  in  the  confused 
synonymy  of  "Scicena  umbrcr  Linnseus,  as  first  shown  by  Cuvier.  The  name  Scioena 
accordingly  is  restored  to  the  Mediterranean  species,  called  Pseudoscicena  by 
Bleeker  and  earlier  Argyrommus  by  De  la  Pylaie.  Scicena  umbra  (L.)  Cuvier  is 
characterized  by  the  obsolescence  of  preopercular  spines,  and  of  the  slits  and 
pores  above  the  mouth,  conspicuous  in  most  of  the  species  of  this  group;  teeth  in 
bands,  the  outer  enlarged  in  both  jaws. 

The  characters  of  the  genera  allied  to  Scicena  are  singularly  elusive,  each  one 
being  subject  to  degrees  of  development.  The  form  of  the  mouth,  the  dentition, 
the  armature  of  the  preopercle,  the  size  of  the  second  anal  spine,  the  scaling  of  the 
fins  indicate  groups,  which  are  more  or  less  natural,  but  which  are  as  yet  imper- 
fectly separated.  For  the  present  we  maj^  refer  the  Japanese  species  to  the  genus 
Nibea  Jordan  and  Thompson  (type,  Sciama  mitsukurii).  Nibea  has  the  teeth  in 
nai'row  l)ands,  the  outer  row  above  and  the  inner  below  somewhat  enlarged;  gill- 
rakers  moderate;  preopercle  wdth  some  stiff  serrse,  usually  soft;  dorsal  fin  scaleless, 
with  a  sheath  at  base;  dorsal  fins  somewhat  connected. 

The  related  genus  Bola  Buchanan  (type  Scicena  coitor)  seems  to  differ  mainly 
in  having  the  soft  dorsal  covered  with  small  scales,  the  preopercle  usually  without 
bony  serrte;  gill-rakers  relatively  short. 

Johnius  Bloch  (type,  J .  carutta)  has  the  lower  teeth  in  a  villiform  band,  none 
of  them  enlarged;  soft  dorsal  fin  scaly;  anal  spine  small. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  243 

313.   [518]  Nibea  mitsukurii  (Joi'dan  and  Snydpi').     rT(/rA/  =  Big  Mouth. 

Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Shizuoka  (Joixlan);  Cho.shi  (Ishikawa). 

Very  common  in  Suruga  Bay,  where  it  is  mucli  used  in  making  Kainoboku. 

Dorsal  rays,  IX  or  X-I,  29  to  31;  anal,  II,  7,  (rarely  III,  8);  developed  gill- 
rakers  on  lower  limb,  12  to  15;  rows  of  spots  continuous  above  lateral  line,  becoming 
straight  l)elow  middle  of  soft  dorsal  fin. 

314.  Nibea  albiflora"  (Richaidson). 

On  comparison  of  material  we  find  that  the  characters  supposed  to  distinguish 
Nibea  mitsukurii  from  the  Chinese  Nibca  albiflora  hold.  Of  the  latter  we  have 
one  specimen  from  Fukuoka  (Hamada).  This  province  is  on  tlie  west  coast  of 
Kyusyu,  while  the  known  localities  for  mitsukurii  are  all  on  the  east  coast  of 
Hondo,  the  species  being  especially  abundant  about  Shisuoka. 

Dorsal  rays,  X-I,  28;  anal,  II,  7;  only  10  well  developed  gill-rakers  on  lower 
limb;  rows  of  spots  not  contiiuious  above  lateral  line,  becoming  straight  only 
behind  dorsal  fin  and  in  a  strij)  along  lateral  line  extending  forward  t(j  below 
middle  of  soft  dorsal  fin. 

315.   [520]   Nibea  schlegeli  (Bleeker).    /s/i/w;rW;/  =  Rock  Rice-fish. 

Shizuoka,  Osaka,  Tokyo  and,  Kobe  markets  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (M. 
Ishikawa);  Misaki  (Aoki);  Fukuoka  (Hamada);  Fukui,  Shizuoka  (Jordan);  Miyazu. 
Common  southw'ard,  largely  used  for  Kamoboku. 

Dorsal  rays,  X-I,  24  to  27.  Anal  spine  sometimes  a  little  longer  than  the 
eye.    Black  blotch  on  opercle  and  shoulder  usually  distinct. 

31(3.    [521]    Nibea  nibe  (Jordan  and  Thompson).    //f(//<rt-o/i/6r  =  Great  Beach-Nibe. 

Osaka  market  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa). 

The  softness  of  the  flesh  and  the  protrusion  of  the  stomach  into  the  moutli  in 
one  of  our  Osaka  specimens  indicates  that  this  species  descends  to  considerable 
depths. 

Dorsal  rays,  X-I,  30  to  32;  anal,  II,  7  or  8.  The  preopercular  spines  are 
moderately  enlarged  at  angle.  The  scale-rows  are  marked  Ijy  dark  streaks,  less 
definite,  but  arranged  much  as  in  Nibea  albiflora,  the  streaks  becoming  horizontal 
only  behind  the  doi'sal  l)ase.  The  second  anal  spine  may  be  neaily  as  long  as  the 
eye. 

'^  See  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXIX,  1011,  iip.  24G-2.'i2,  figs.  1-2. 


244  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

317.     |522]  Nibea  japonica  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).     Nibe;  Onibe  =  Gresit  Nibe. 

Tokyo  and  Shizuoka  markets  (Jordan). 

This  species,  described  in  detail  l)y  Jordan  and  Metz  from  Fusan  in  Korea, 
reaches  a  much  larger  size  than  the  others,  three  to  four  feet  in  length.  It  is  also 
distinguished  b\'  the  loose  scales  and  generall}''  ragged  appearance,  as  compared 
with  the  neatness  of  the  others. 

Teeth  irregular,  mostly  in  one  row,  some  in  each  jaw  irregularly  enlarged;  no 
true  canines.  Small  specimens  are  long  and  slender,  suggesting  Cynoscion  in  foi-m 
and  aspect,  the  scales  more  even  than  in  the  adult.  Caudal  long,  on  a  long  peduncle, 
irregularly  lanceolate,  the  lower  lobe  much  longer;  pectoral  fin  long.  General  color 
gray;  mouth  oi-ange  within;  dorsal,  cautlal,  and  pectoral  black-edged.  In  this 
species  the  lai'ge  air-bladder  is  used  in  making  the  jelly-isinglass,  known  as  Nibe. 

Genus  Othonias  Jordan  and  Thompson. 

Tliis  group  is  technically  close  to  Bola,  having,  as  in  Bola,  the  soft  dorsal 
scaly,  l)ut  it  differs  in  several  important  characters.  It  definitely  approaches 
Colliclitliys  in  the  large  size  and  obhquity  of  the  mouth,  the  dentition,  the  develop- 
ment of  sensory  cavities,  and  in  the  width  and  convexity  of  the  head.  It  also 
resembles  that  genus  in  the  presence  of  silvery  glandular  organs  in  the  skin  of  the 
ventral  surface,  one  under  each  scale;  these  are  possibly  light-organs  (photophores). 
The  soft  dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  fins  are  closely  covered  with  small  scales. 

318.   [522]  Othonias  undovittatus  (Joi'dan  and  Scale). 

Pseudoscioena  iindovUiata  Jordan  and  Scale,  Proc.  Davenport  Acad.  Sci.,  X,  1905, 

jx  11,  pi.  6  (Hong  Kong). 
Scicemi  inanchiirica  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXIX,  1911, 

p.  255,  fig.  3  (Port  Arthur).— Jordan  and  Metz,  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1913, 

p.  38,  fig.  28  (after  Jordan  and  Thompson). 

We  have  compared  the  tyjieof  Pseudoscicena  undovittata,paratypesof  Scicena 
manchurica,  and  a  specimen  obtained  in  the  Osaka  market  (Jordan),  and  find 
tlu>m  all  specifically  identical.  The  type  of  *S'.  undoviiiata  has  nine  soft  rays  in 
the  anal  fin,  not  eight,  as  described.  The  species  is  new  to  Japan.  The  Osaka 
specimen  has  IX-I-33  dor.sal  rays;  II,  10  anal  rays;  9-|-lG  gill-rakers. 


JORDAN'  AND  IIUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  245 

Family  EMMELICHTHYID.E. 
319.   [523]  Erythrocles  schlegeli  (Richardson).     C7!i6iA-i  =  Red  Coat. 

Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

This  species  should  be  accredited  to  Richardson,  not  to  Bleeker.  The  name 
Erythrichthys  is  preoccupied  in  the  Characinidce. 

Family  OPLEGXATHID.E. 
320.     [524]    Oplegnathus  fasciata  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).    Ishidai  =  'Rock  Tai. 

Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Tatoku  Island  (^Nlikimoto) :  Mikawa  Bay  (M. 
Ishikawa);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ;  Mij-azu,  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Our  material  ranges  from  young  to  adult,  and  illustrates  the  changes  in  gi-owth 
figured  by  Schlegel;  the  dark  bands,  so  conspicuous  in  the  young,  fading  with  age. 

321.   [525]  Oplegnathus  punctata  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
/s/n'^aA;2-daz  =  Rock-imp  Tai. 

Kobe  market  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Ali-saki  (Aoki);  Toyama 
(Yoshizawa);  Miyazu.    Generally  common  southward,  more  so  than  the  preceding. 

Family  HISTIOPTERID.E. 
322.   [527]  Histiopterus  typus  Temminck  antl  Schlegel.     Kmrabishd. 
Alisaki  (Aoki).    A  rare  species. 

Family  AIULLID.E. 

323.   [529]  Upeneoides  bensasi  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Ben  i-sasJt i  =  Red  Surmullet . 

Shizuoka  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan);  Wakanoura  (Yamamoto);  Toba  market 
(Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Tatoku  Island  (Alikimoto) ;  Kagoshima  (Wakiya); 
Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa);  iVIisaki  (Aoki);  Fukui  (Xonaka); 
Xoo,  Aliyazu.     Generally  common. 

324.   [530A]  Upeneoides  vittatus  (Forskal). 

Two  examples  of  this  East  Indian  Surmullet  were  obtained  by  Wakiya  at 
Kagoshima  Bay,  tlie  fiist  to  be  recorded  from  Japan  jiroi^er. 

325.  [537]  Upeneoides  tragula  (Richardson).     }'o/«f-/i//rtpjV  =  Bride  Surmullet. 
Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Kagoshima  (Wakiya). 


246  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

326.   [531]  MuUoides  japonicus  (Houttuyn).    ylA:a-/wmejz  =  Red  Surmullet. 

Kagoshima  (Wakiya). 

The  main  doi'sal  spines  are  seven  in  number,  as  described  by  earlier  authors, 
and  in  all  the  material  we  have  available,  not  eight,  as  reported  by  Snyder.^^  An 
additional  spine  in  front  of  these  is  minute  when  present,  but  often  absent. 

Our  specimens  preserve  much  of  their  original  color.  The  general  ton(^  is  a 
bright  yellow,  becoming  pink  along  the  middle  of  the  sides,  above  the  large  blackish 
opercular  blotch,  along  the  anterior  free  margin  of  the  subopercle  (which  other- 
wise, like  the  interopercle,  is  silvery)  and  on  the  postorbital  region. 

327.   [535]  Upeneus  pleurotaenia  Playfair.     //ora/-u»'o  =  Bamboo-fish. 

Mullus  ph'unda-nia  Playfair,  Fishes  of  Zanzibar,  1866,  p.  41,  i)l.  5,  fig.  3. 
Pseudupeneus  ischyrus  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXII,  1907,  p.  91,  fig.  2. 

(Tokyo  Bay). 
Upeneus  ischyrus  Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII, 

1913,  p.  183,  fig.  133. 
Upeneus  pleurotaenia  ii^YDER,  Proc.  U.S.N.M.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  501.  (Naha,  Okinawa). 

One  specimen  from  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya)  corrcsjionds  well  with  the  type 
of  Pseudupeneus  ischyrus  Snyder,  and  with  the  specimen  later  recorded  by  the  same 
author  as  Upeneus  pleurotcenia.  The  type  of  U.  ischyrus  still  retains  definite  traces 
of  the  peculiar  coloration  of  this  species,  and  the  figure  shows  these  markings  in  part. 

Head,  3.15;  depth,  3.1;  scales  in  lateral  line,  29;  dorsal  rays  Vni-9;  anal,  7. 

Color  in  formaldehyde:  uppei-  parts  very  dark,  particulai'ly  on  the  scale- 
margins;  a  light  sti'ipe  from  near  nosti'ils  to  near  end  of  soft  dorsal  fin,  curved 
upward  slightly,  and  interm])ted  by  the  upj^er  rim  of  the  eye,  becoming  obscure 
posteriorly;  a  nearly  parallel  stripe  from  middle  of  maxillary,  skirting  the  lower 
margin  of  the  orbit,  extending  toward  the  light  saddle  across  front  of  caudal 
jieduncle,  strongly  tinged  with  red;  a  third  stripe  extends  from  angle  of  mouth 
backward  and  upward,  parallel  with  the  upper  two,  but  scarcely  evident  on  body; 
between  the  light  stripes  the  dark  color  is  intensified,  this  being  particularly  true 
in  a  spot  at  upper  end  of  preopercle;  there  is  a  short  golden  bar  below  this  spot, 
and  another  on  the  interior  base  of  the  pectoral  fin  and  a  flush  of  red  about  these 
spots,  and  near  the  anal  fin;  the  light  blotch  on  the  caudal  peduncle  is  Ijounded 
posteriorly  by  a  rather  indefinite  vertical  dark  bar. 

We  have  also  examined  material  from  Hong  Kong,  China,  collected  by  Walter 
Fong. 

"*  Proc  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXII,  1!)07,  p.  9(5. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBiS:  .JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   11)22.  247 

328.  Upeneus  indicus  (Shaw). 

This  species  is  rei)reseiited  by  a  specimen  from  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wukiya). 
Franz  (1910)  records  it  from  the  same  place  and  from  Yokohama,  but  it  is  not 
listed  by  Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder. 

Family  APLODACTYLID^. 

329.   [538]  Goniistius  zonatus  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 

T<ik(in()li(t-dai  =  Hawk-Tai. 

T()l)a  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Misaki  (Aoki). 

330.   [539]  Goniistius  zebra  (Doderlein).    Migimaki. 

A  specimen  of  this  i-are  fish  from  Misaki  (Aoki)  corresponds  with  this  species, 
as  contrasted  with  Guniistius  zebroides  Tanaka. 

Family  CTRRHITID.E. 

331.   [540]  Cirrhitichthys  aureus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Oki-gonbe  =  ()U-f^hove  Clonbe,  or  Cirritid. 

One  specimen  from  Misaki  (Aoki).  It  closely  corresponds  with  Jordan  and 
Herre's  account,'*^  differing  chiefly  in  having  groups  of  cirri  at  the  tips  of  the  dorsal 
spines  and  on  the  posterior  rim  of  the  anterior  nasal  flap.  The  cirri  are  present 
on  the  dorsal  spines  in  the  specimen  noted  by  Jordan  and  Herre,  but  we  find  no 
remaining  trace  of  nasal  cirri.  The  agreement  of  our  specimens  with  Schlegel's 
figure,  however,  is  not  close,  and  it  is  highly  possiljle  that  the  sjiecies  at  hand  is 
still  without  a  name. 

Family  POLYNEMIDiE. 

332.   [543]  Polynemus  plebeius  (Brou.ssonet). 

Agonashi;  Tsubainc- Kunosltiro  =  Swallow  f iizzard-shad. 

Shizuoka  (Jordan);  Misaki  (Aoki);  Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa). 

Our  specimens  agree  well  with  the  excellent  figures  of  this  species  given  by 
Broussonet  and  Gunther,  with  the  distinctive  features  of  plebeius  as  pointed  out 
by  Jordan  and  McGregor,""  with  specimens  of  plebeius  from  Samoa,  and  finally 
with  "cotypes"  of  Polydnctylus  agonasi  Jordan  and  McGregor  in  all  respects  save 
color.  The  types  of  P.  (ujonasi  seem  entirely  faded,  however,  and  we  see  no  reason 
for  regarding  the  Japanese  Polynemus  agonasi  as  different  from  ])lcbeius.  We  use 
the  specific  name  in  its  original  foi'm,  plebeius. 


""  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXIII,  1907,  p.  Kil,  fis.  1. 
^^  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXX,  1900,  p.  814,  fig. 


248  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  8ILLAGINID.E. 
333.    [544]   Sillago  japonica  (Temminck  and  Rchlegel).    /lo-(//.su  =  Green  Gisu. 

Osaka,  Tokyo,  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan) ;  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yama- 
nioto);  Alikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ;  Misaki  (Aoki);  Miyazu, 
Noo,  Fukui  (Nonaka).  Very  common;  a  choice  food-fish,  as  such  much  Uke  the 
Enghsh  whiting. 

Scales  3  to  4-64  to  74;  cheek-scales  weakly  to  strongly  ctenoid.  The  specimen 
from  Fukui  (Sea  of  Japan)  is  young,  only  42  mm.  long,  and  is  included  in  a  large 
series  of  small  anchovies,  Engraiili.s  i(t])())ucus. 

334.   [546]  Sillago  parvisquamis  Gill. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan). 

Scales  6.5  to  8-79  to  81-12  to  13.    Dorsal,  VII-I,  22;  anal,  I,  23. 

Family  BRANCHIOSTEGID.E. 

Genus  Branchiostegus  Rafinesque. 

{Latilus  Guvier.) 

The  name  Branchiostegus  offered  in  1814  by  Rafinesciue  as  a  substitute  for 
Coryphamoides  Lacepede,  (not  of  Gunner),  must  unfortunately  replace  Latilus. 

335.   [548]  Branchiostegus  japonicus  (Houttuyn).    Amadai  =  Giv\  Tai. 

fCoryphcena  branchiostega  Gmelin. 

Latilus  argentatus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Toyama;  Shizuoka;  Yoko- 
hama; Kobe;  Misaki;  Miyazu. 

A  common  and  valued,  but  tasteless,  food-fish,  the  soft  flesh  extremely  white. 

We  find  the  coloration  and  proportions  to  vary  considerably  in  this  genus, 
and  are  not  able  at  present  to  i-ecognize  more  than  one  species.  This  is  light  red 
in  life,  with  shadings  of  blue  or  purple  especially  on  the  caudal,  but  in  spirits  it 
becomes  more  or  less  yellow,  as  described  by  Houttuyn.  If  more  than  one  species 
exists  in  Japan,  Houttuyn's  scant  description  is  unidentifiable. 

Family  CEPOLID.E. 

336.   [555]  Acanthocepola  krusensterni  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Akatachi-uwo  =  Red  Sword-fisli. 

Kobe  market  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Fukui  (Nonaka),  Miyazu. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  249 

337.  [557]  Cepola  schlegeli  Bleekcr.     .■4A-a/ac/n'=  Red  Sword-fish. 

Dr.  Lshikawa  sent  us  one  specimen  of  this  species  from  the  Sea  of  Japan 
taken  at  Noo. 

Family  E:\IBI0T0CID.E. 

338.  [558]  Ditrema  temmincki  Bleeker.     U tni-UuKK/ti  = ':^Qa  Chuh. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan) ;  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  AIi.saki  (Aoki) ; 
Fukui  (Nonaka).     Rather  common  southward. 

Dorsal  rays,  IX  to  XI,  20  or  21 ;  anal.  III,  24  to  28.  The  scales  are  not  enlarged 
in  the  region  between  the  pectoral  and  the  ventral  fins.  Ditrema  thus  agrees  with 
Tceniotoca,  but  differs  from  Embiotoca. 

In  life  bluish,  with  more  or  less  bronze-green  or  cojiper-red  checks  and  sti'eaks 
on  the  body,  one  row  to  each  scale-row;  the  streaks  more  or  le.ss  expanded  intf) 
spots  on  each  scale. 

339.     ]570]     Neoditrema  ransonnetii  Steindachner.     OA;z-ta?ia^o  =  Off-shore  Chub. 

One  specimen  from  the  Tokyo  market  (Jordan). 
Dorsal  rays,  VI,  20;  anal  rays.  III,  26. 

Family  POMACENTRID.E. 

340.   [563]  Chromis  notatus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Suzumedai  =  Sparrow-porgy. 

Wakanoura  (Yamamoto). 

341.   [564]  Abudefduf  saxatilis  (Linnseus).    Oijd-hit.siichiija. 

Wakanoura  (Yamamoto);  Kobe  market  (Jordan). 

The  specific  name,  saxatilis,  seems  to  have  been  intended  for  this  Asiatic 
species  in  the  Tenth  Edition  of  the  Systema  Natura'.  In  the  Twelfth  Edition  it 
was  transferred  to  the  Brazilian  form,  Abudefduf  mnrginatus. 

342.   [577]  Pomacentrus  coelestis  Jordan  and  Starks. 
Wakanoura  (Yamamoto).    Very  rare. 

Family  LABRID.E. 
343.   [578]  Choerodon  azurio  (Jordan  and  Snj^der).     /va/K/ai  =  Korean  Tai. 

Osaka  and  Tokyo  markets  (Jordan).    Not  rare. 
Dorsal,  XIII,  7;  anal,  III,  10. 


250  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

344.   [579|  Semicossyphus  reticulatus  (( 'uvicr  aiul  \"ulcncienuL'.s). 
K(}budai  =  Little  8oldier-tai. 
Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

345.   [582]  Pseudolabrus  japonicus  (Ilouttuyn). 
Sasanoha-bera  =  lianil)()()-l)C'ra  of  Wrasse. 
Yokohama,  Tokyo,  and  Shizuoka  markets  (Jordan);  Toi)a   market    (Joi'ckui 
and  Yamamoto);  Misaki  (Aoki).     Common  southward. 

346.   [584]  Duymaeria  flagellifera  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

347.   [588]  Stethojulis  terina  Jordan  and  Snyder. 
Kaminari-beru  =  Thunder-wrasse. 

Shizuoka  (Jordan);  INIisaki  (Aoki). 

Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder  (1913,  p.  200)  in  their  Catalogue  identify  this 
species  with  the  East  Indian  S.  kalosoma.  Our  formalin  specimens,  which  ap- 
parently have  preserved  their  fresh  colors,  correspond,  however,  with  Jordan  and 
Snyder's  color  account  of  terina,  and  not  with  the  descriptions  of  S.  kalosoma.  We 
retain  the  name  terina  for  the  Japanese  form,  provisionally  regarding  it  as  distinct 
from  S.  kalosoma. 

The  species  has  posterior  canines  and  is  therefore  a  true  Stethojulis,  not  a 
Hinalea. 

348.   [592]  Halichoeres  poecilepterus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Aobera  =  Blue  Bera. 

Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Tokyo  market  (Jordan);  Toyama, 
Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Miyazu. 

Common,  the  two  sexes  quite  different,  as  recognized  by  Joixlan  and  Snyder, 
H.  pyrrhogrammus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel)  being  the  female. 

W^e  preserve  the  original  spelling  p(£cilepterus,  of  Schlegel. 

Those  who  regard  Halichoeres  as  preoccupied  by  Halichwrus  may  call  this 
genus  Hcmiulis;  Parajulis  and  ChoerojuUs  l)eing  synonyms. 

349.   [595]  Halichoeres  tenuispinis  ((iUnther). 
Tokyo  and  Shizuoka  markets  (Jordan) ;  Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Toyama. 
Scales  25  in  the  lateral  series,  or  27  along  the  lateral  line,  not  counting  3  on 
the  caudal. 

Jordan  and  Snyder,''  in  recording  this  species  from  Japan  under  the  name 

"  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIV,  1902,  p.  639. 


JOKDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  251 

Halichoercs  blcekeri  (Steindacliner  and  Doderlein),  state:  "It  is  possiljlc  tliat 
Hnlichoeres  tenuispinis  (Gunther),  with  tlie  black  on  tlic  dorsal  restrietcd  to  a 
single  spot  and  the  venti'als  not  filamentous  and  shorter  than  the  pectorals,  may 
l)rove  to  be  the  same  species."  In  our  specimens  the  black  on  the  dorsal  extends 
backward  to  the  third  spine  in  some  (as  described  for  tenuispinis),  or  as  fai'  as  the 
sixth  spine;  in  one  half-grown  specimen,  otherwise  similar,  the  black  .spot  is  little 
developed;  in  another  entirely  absent.  The  ventral  fin  may  be  non-filamentous 
and  shorter  than  the  pectoral  on  the  same  fish,  in  which  the  opposite  fin  is  slightly 
filamentous  and  longer  than  the  pectoral.  There  remains  no  basis  for  the  distinc- 
tion of  the  Japanese  bleekeri  from  the  Chinese  tenuispinis.  Further  comparison 
of  actual  material,  however,  is  to-be  desired. 

One  specimen  in  formalin  seems  to  retain  the  life-colors,  which  aic  as  fullows: 
ground-color  pink;  the  scales  with  green  borders,  especially  on  ujiper  ])osterior 
fourth  of  bod\-:  three  green  streaks  diverging  back  from  the  eye  form  the  anteiior 
ends  of  horizontal  rows  of  green  spots,  one  on  each  scale,  on  the  foi-e  part  of  the 
body;  these  head-streaks  are  green,  bordered  narrowly  with  blue  and  then  with 
deep  red;  the  first  extends  slightly  upward,  and  is  the  least  definite,  the  lower  one 
extends  slightly  downward  toward  the  triangular  deep  blue  spot  on  the  upper  edge 
of  the  base  of  the  pectoral  fin,  but  before  reaching  the  opercular  margin  turns 
upward  at  right  angles.  The  front  portion  of  the  spinous  dorsal  is  banded  fi'om 
the  base  outward  successively  b}'  green,  I'ed,  yellow,  and  blue-black,  then  by  red 
and  finally  green  at  tip  of  rays,  the  black  marking  being  most  extensive;  elsewhere 
the  fin  is  pink,  bordered  by  greenish,  and  then  very  narrowly  !)>■  dusky;  between 
each  ray,  behind  the  l)lack  marking,  there  is  a  large  round  spot  of  green,  red- 
bordered,  between  each  two  rays.  The  anal  fin  is  pink,  pale-margined,  and  marked 
by  a  median  red-bordered  band  of  green.  The  caudal  is  pinkish,  with  a  basal  and 
a  median  band  and  some  distal  spots  of  green.  The  pectoral  and  ventral  fins  are 
pale  pinkish,  the  former  fin  having  the  rays  margined  by  pencilled  lines  of  dark  red. 

350.   [599]  Thalassoma  cupido  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

AHshiki-uwo  =  Brocade-fish. 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

351.   [605]  Iniistius  dea  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).     Tensuidai  =  M'M-kvd  Tai. 

Yokohama  and  Tokyo  markets  (Jordan). 

The  lateral  black  spot  covers  the  greater  portion  of  from  one  to  three  scales. 
Dorsal  rays,  II-VH,  12;  anal.  III,  12. 


252  MEMOIK.S  OF  THE  C'AKNECilE  MUSEUM. 

Family  SC'ARID.E. 
Genus  Leptoscarus  Swainson. 
The  name  Lcptoscurus  replaces  Calototnus  Gilbert . 

352.   [G()7]  Leptoscarus  japonicus  (Cvivier  and  Valenciennes).     Budf«  =  S()ldier-Tai. 
Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yaniamoto). 

Family  ZEIBM. 
353.    [OlOj    Zeus  japonicus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.    Mato-d(ri  =  Target  Tai. 

Tokyo  and  Osaka  markets  (Jordan) ;  Koclii  (Wakiya) ;  Tatoku  Id.  (Mikimoto) ; 
Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  Miyazu;  Noo;  Misaki 
(Aoki).    Generally  common. 

354.   [(311]  Zenopsis  nebulosus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Kaga in  i-da i  =  Mirror  Tai. 
Tokyo  market  (Jordan). 

Family  ( TFETODONTID.E.^^ 
355.    [GIUJ   Chastodon  setifer  Block.     7'o(/f-c/(o(7(o-(/»'o  =  Prickly  Butterfly-fish. 

One  young  individual,  42  nmi.  long  to  the  caudal  fin,  from  Shizuoka.  This 
specimen  is  essentially  like  tlie  adult,  except  that  the  dorsal  rays  are  not  produced, 
and  the  posterior  oblique  streaks  are  rathei-  faint. 

356.    [621]  Chaetodon  lunula  (Lacepede).    Tsuki-c!inc}u)-uwi)  =  Moon  Butterfly-fish. 

One  specimen,  45  mm.  long  to  caudal,  corresjKjnds  closely  with  a  specimen  of 
like  size  from  Samoa,  and  with  the  young  as  figured  by  Gunther  in  "Fische  der 
SUdsee"  (plate  33). 

357.   [623]  Coradion  modestum  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Genroku-dai  =  Elder-Tai. 

Osaka  market  (Jordan) ;  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Fukui 
(Nonaka). 

Genus  Acanthoch/etodon  Bleeker. 

Tins  genus,  characterized  by  the  lunate  caudal,  small  scales,  and  gill- 
membranes  narrowly  joined  to  the  isthmus,  is  well  distinguished  from  Hohiandhus. 

"'^  The  name  Lou  given  liy  Jordan  (Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  11121,  (i33)  to  a  speeies  of  this  family  from 
Hawaii  is  i)reoccu]iied  by  Loa  Stiles,  190.5,  a  genus  of  worms.  Roa  has  been  substituted  for  it  by  Jordan, 
Copeia,  May  20,  1923,  p.  63. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  253 

358.   [624]  Acanthochaetodon  septentrionalis  (Tcniminck  and  Schlegel). 

Kinchaku-dai  =  Fnrse  Tai. 
JNIisaki  (Aoki). 

359.   [626]  Heniochus  diphreutes  Joi'daii.    HoUilolc-dai. 

The  single  young  Heniochus  in  the  collection  was  taken  Ijy  Masashi  Ishikawa 
at  the  Bay  of  Mikawa.     The  anal  fin  is  pale  anteriorly. 

Family  ACANTHURID.E. 
360.   [629]  Naso  unicornis  (Forskal).     Tcngu-hagi  =  Long-nosed  f^cvapev. 

One  young  specimen,  69  mm.  long  to  caudal,  from  Shizuoka  (Jordan). 
The  frontal  horns  are  yet  undeveloped,  Ixit  the  two  caudal  plates  are  evident. 
Dorsal  rays,  V,  28;  anal,  II.  28  (the  last  counted  as  doubled);  ventral,  I,  3. 

361.   [630]  Xesurus  scalprum  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes).    Sannoji-dai. 

Tokyo  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan) ;  Misaki  (Aoki) . 

Dorsal,  IX,  23  or  24;  anal.  III,  22  or  23.  Each  of  our  specimens  has  only 
four  spines  on  the  caudal  peduncle,  although  some  have  five. 

362.   [631]  Acanthurus  matoides  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 

Kuruhugi  =  li\ack  Hagi  or  Surgeon-fish. 
Wakanoura  (Yamamoto).    One  young  specimen. 

Family  TEUTHID.E. 
363.   [635[  Teuthis  fuscescens  (Houttuyn).     .■!/(/»;  r,'//(/;rtf//'  =  Silver  Hagi. 

Tokyo  and  Shizuoka  markets  (Jordan);  Tuba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto); 
Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  Fukui  (Nonaka) ;  Miyazu. 

A  common  fish  often  caught  from  the  wharves  by  boys. 

Dorsal,  I-XII  or  XIII,  9  or  10;  anal,  VI  (rarely)  or  VII,  9.  Depth  of  body 
2.4  to  2.9  in  standard  length,  decreasing  very  irregularly  with  age. 

Family  TRIACAXTHODID.E. 
364.   [636]  Triacanthodes  anomalus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Benikaivamuki  =  Red  Rough  Skin  (File-fish). 
A  rare  and  most  interesting  fish.    Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya). 


254  MEMOIHS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  TRIACANTHIDJv 
365.   [037]  Triacanthus  brevirostris  Ti'inmiiifk  luid  ;>clilL'gcl. 

f//»-A'a «"(////« A'/ =  Silver  File-fish. 
A  rare  species  I'ri^ni  Mikawa  (Masashi  Ishikawa). 

Family  BALI8TID.E. 
3(56.    [639J    Sufflamen  niger  (Park).    Mongrmi- KtiirdlKKji  =  'Slongani  Rough-skin. 
Kochi  (Wakiya);  Misaki  (Aoki). 

367.   [642]  Canthidermis  rotundatus  (Proce). 
One  specimen  of  this  uncommon  form  was  obtained  at  Wakanoura  (Jordan). 

Family  MONACANTHID.E. 

368.   [643]  Monacanthus  cirrhifer  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

AV/»'«//Of//  =  Rough  Skin. 

Tokyo,  Shizuoka,  Yokohama,  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan) ;  Toba  market 
(Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa); 
Misaki  (Aoki);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa);  Miyazu,  Noo.  This  File-fish,  or  Leather- 
jacket  is  genei'ally  common  southward. 

Dorsal  rays,  11-31  to  34. 

369.   [647]  Cantherines  modestus  (Giinther). 
C/waiswra-Zu/*// =  Horse-face  File-fish. 

Osaka  market  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa); 
Misaki  (Aoki).    Generally  common,  even  northward. 

Dorsal,  1-35  to  37;  anal,  34  (last  ray  branched  fi'om  liase).  The  young  are 
mai'ked  with  several  streaks  of  dark,  whicli  in  some  break  into  spots  much  like 
those  of  C.  tessellatus.  These  become  diffuse  in  the  half-grown  individuals  and 
disappear  in  the  adidt.  The  group  called  Pscudomonacanthus,  characterized  by 
the  retrorse  sjiinules  on  the  dorsal  spine,  shade  by  degrees  into  Cantherines,  in 
which  the  spines  are  merely  rough. 

370.   [647A]  Cantherines  tessellatus  (CUinther). 

Challenger  Repts.,  Shore-Fishes,  1880,  p.  54,  jil.  23,  fig.  13. 

Cantherines  nigromaculosus  Tanaka,   Fig.   Desc.   Fishes  Japan,   8  and   0,    1912, 
pp.  144-196,  pi.  38,  fig.  145. 


JOHDAX   AM)  IIIBB.S:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   I022.  255 

Pseudotnonacanthus  nigromaculatus  Jordan"  and  Tiio.mpsox,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  \'l, 

1914.  |).  207.  jil.  XXXI,  fig.  2  (Specific  name  misspelled). 

Tokyo  market  (Joi'dan) ;  Alisaki  (Aoki). 

We  refer  our  material  to  Tanaka's  species  7iigromaculosus,  l)ut  that  nominal 
form  is  apparently  identical  with  Monacanihus  iessellatus,  described  b>'  CUinthei' 
from  the  Philippine  Islands. 

Our  specimens  have  only  32  or  33  dorsal  soft  rays  (the  last  counted  as  double), 
fewer  than  in  either  Tanaka's  or  GUnther's  types. 

371.   [647B]  Cantherines  howensis  (Ogilby). 

One  specimen  was  obtained  at  Wakanoura  l)y  Yamamoto.  It  agrees  well 
with  Tanaka's  description  and  figure''  of  Japane.se  material  of  this  species,  other- 
wise known  only  from  Lord  Howe  Island.  We  provisionally  adopt  the  synonymy 
as  given  by  that  author. 

Dorsal.  11-35:  anal.  32. 

372.     [648]    Rudarius  ercodes  Joi'dan  and  Fowler.     Amiinc-haiji  =y,Qt-wovk  Hagi. 

Misaki  (Aoki);  Mikawa  Bay  ['Si.  Lshikawa) ;  To^'ama  (Yoshizawa). 
Dorsal  rays,  11-23  to  26. 

373.   [651]  Alutera  monoceros  (Osbeck).    //,A7;A(/-/;ar//  =  Unicorn  Hagi. 

Tokyo  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan). 
Dorsal  rays,  11-47  or  48. 

374.   [652]  Alutera  liturosa  (Shaw).    .SV)s/r/-/;r;r//  =  Hoodlum. 

Wakanoura  (Yamamoto) 

Perhaps  identical  with  the  Atlantic  form  Alutera  (Otibeckia)  ><cripta  (Osbeck). 

Genus  Tetrosomus  Swainson. 

W^e  may  regard  Tetrosomus  as  a  valid  genus,  related  to  Lacloria  and  to  Triarus. 
It  may  be  characterized  as  follows:  carapace  closed  behind  the  dorsal  and  anal 
fins,  pentagonal  in  cross-section,  the  dorsal  ridge  greatly  elevated  and  surmounted 
by  a  very  large  spine:  the  upper  latei-al  ridges  rather  sharp,  but  weak,  clo.sely 
approximated:  the  lower  lateral  ridges  greatly  expanded  and  beaiing  fi\-e  nearly 
equally  spaced  spines;  sides  concave  between  the  ridges;  a  single  sui)raoil)ital 
spine;  width  of  body  ecjual  to  length  to  anus. 

"'  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Japan,  20,  1915,  p.  3.54,  pi.  105,  fig.  .300.  (the  figure  in  \'nl.  19). 


256  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

375.   |()54]  Tetrosomus  gibbosus  (Linnseus). 
Known  from  Japan  only  by  one  record,  made  l)y  Bleeker,  and  this  jjossibly 
referring  to  Triorua  stellifcr. 

37().   [655]  Ostracion  immaculatum  Tcniminck  and  Sc-hlcgel. 

Ilalcdfiuju  =  Box-puffer. 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

377.    [656]   Lactoria  diaphana  (Blocli  and  Schneider).     C/ww-.sw2;Mma  =  Sea-sparrow. 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

378.   [657]  Lactoria  cornuta  (Linnaeus).     A'o//(7(-i/(/yw  =  Medley-puffer. 
Mikawa  Baj^    (M.  Ishikawa). 

Triorus  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 
Orthotype,   Lactophrys  tritropis  Snyder  =  O.s/rocion  steUifer  Bloch. 

Carapace  closed  behind  dorsal  and  anal  fins,  triangular  in  cross-section;  the 
two  sides  of  the  triangle  convex,  but  without  a  ridge  behind  the  supra-orbital 
ridge,  except  for  a  trace  in  the  young;  the  bottom  of  the  triangle  nearly  flat;  the 
body  very  wide;  supra-orbital  ridge  strong,  with  two  spines;  dorsal  ridge  very  high 
and  sharp,  with  two  spines;  ventral  ridges  each  with  four  spines,  the  last  remote 
from  the  anterior  three,  the  two  median  spines  most  closely  approximated. 

We  regard  this  genus  as  more  closely  related  to  Tctrasomus  than  to  the 
American  species  now  classed  together  under  the  name  Lactophrys. 

379.   [658A]  Triorus  steUifer  (Bloch). 
Ostracion  gibbusum  Franz,  Abh.  Bayer,  Akad.  Wiss.,  Vol.  I,  Suppl.  4,  1910,  p.  91 

(not  of  Linnaeus). 
Lactophrys  concatenatus  GihCHKiHT  and  Thompson,  Ann.  Durban  Museum,  I,  1917, 

p.  423. 

One  specimen  from  the  Bay  of  Kagoshima  (Wakiya).  Twenty  others  from 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

380.   [659]  Kentrocapros  aculeatus  (Houttuyn).'""    ItonuiL-i-fuyu. 
One  specimen  of  this  little  Ti-unk-fish  was  obtained  l)y  Wakiya  at  Kagoshima. 
Sixteen  taken  by  Aoki  at  Misaki.     In  young,  3.0  to  3.5  cm.  long  to  the  caudal 
fin,  the  spines  on  the  ridges  are  represented  by  mere  tubercles.     In  one  adult  one 
of  the  pair  of  most  prominent  suj^erolateral  spines  is  tripai'tite  on  one  side. 

""See  McCulldcli  and  Waite,  Trans.  Koy.  Soc.  S.  Austral.,  XXXIX,  lill."),  p.  41)2. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  257 

Family  TETRAODOXTID.E. 

381.   [662]  Lagocephalus  spadiceus  (Richard.son). 

Saba-fugu  =  'Siackeve\  puffer;  Gin-fugu  =  >^\lvev  puffer. 

\\':ikaii()ura  (YaniamotoJ ;  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamaniotoj ;  Toj'ama  (S. 
Yoshizawa) ;  Xoo. 

This  species  is  best  characterized  l)y  the  extent  of  the  dorsal  prickly  area. 
The  area  is  widest  inidwa}-  between  verticals  from  eye  and  gill-opening,  here 
covering  the  whole  tlorsal  surface;  from  this  area  prickles  extend  forward  in  a 
narrow  area,  remaining  conspicuous,  to  the  nostrils,  but  obsolescent  farther  for- 
ward; backward  from  the  widest  point  the  area  is  of  similar  shape  to  that  before 
that  point,  and  extends  about  half-way  to  the  dorsal  fin.  In  some  specimens 
prickles  extend  farther  back  in  a  rather  narrow  and  irregular  band  in  the  dorsal 
line,  but  they  do  not  even  then  closely  approach  the  dorsal  fin.  In  the  East  Indian 
species  L.  lunaris  the  dorsal  prickly  area  in  contrast  extends  backward  in  a  but 
sUghtly  narrowed  band  to  the  dorsal  fin. 

In  both  species  the  sides  of  the  tmnk  and  the  entire  urosome  are  wholly 
devoid  of  prickles.  In  both  the  lateral  folds  of  the  two  sides  arise  together  at  the 
angle  of  the  chin  and  extend  backward,  strong  throughout  their  course  to  the 
middle  of  the  caudal  base,  where  each  is  met  at  an  acute  angle  by  the  poorlj- 
developed  dorsal  fold  of  the  caudal  peduncle. 

The  two  species  are  unquestionably  closely  related,  but  different.  Further 
differences,  also  pointed  out  by  Bleeker,  are  noticeable  in  proportions,  L.  spadiceus 
having  a  rather  slenderer  body  and  shorter  head  (a  Uttle  less  rather  than  a  little 
more  than  one-third  of  the  total  length  to  caudal). 

In  addition  to  the  Japanese  material  of  L.  spadiceus  reported  on  by  Jordan 
and  Sn^^der,""  we  have  examined  one  from  Swatow,  Cliina,  collected  Ijy  Miss 
Adele  M.  Fielde  and  recorded  as  Lagocephalus  lunaris  by  Rutter,'"-  two  from 
Manila,  recorded  by  Jordan  and  Scale, '°^  and  by  Jordan  and  Richardson, '"^  in  each 
case  together  with  true  L.  lunaris  in  the  same  lot  as  Sphwroides  lunaris.  Of  L.  lunaris 
we  have  other  Phili])pine  material,  two  specimens  from  Hong  Kong,  collected 
by  Captain  Finch,  and  one  from  ^Nloreton  Bay,  Queensland,  collected  by  Ogilby. 

A  definite  color-pattern  is  sometimes  developed  in  the  young,  rarely  in  the 
ailult.  It  consists  of  a  .sharj^ly  defined  double  cross-bar  across  the  back  about 
midway  between  the  pectoi-al  and  dorsal  fins;  a  large  blackish  blotch  below  the 

"'  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  ^L,  XXIV,  1001,  p.  2.3.5. 

'"-  Proc.  Acad.  Xat.  Sc-i.  Phila.,  1S97.  p.  81. 

'°^  Jordan  and  Seale,  Bull.  Bur.  Fi.sh.,  XXVI,  1906  (1907),  p.  30. 

'"^Jordan  and  Richardson,  Bull.  Bur.  Fish.  XXVII,  1907  (1908),  p.  273. 


258  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

dorsal  l)ase;  irregular  longitudinal  blotches  along  the  sides;  indefinite  cross-shades 
connecting  the  darkened  su])ra-orbital  ridge,  and  irregular  (hirk  spots  on  the  back, 
especially  distinct  on  the  top  of  the  caudal  peduncle,  or  there  united  to  form  an 
indefinite  saddle. 

382.   [G64]  Sphoeroides'"' alboplumbeus  (Richard.soii).     /vf////('/;-///f/(/ =  Belly-i)uffer. 

Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  Osaka  market  (Jordan);  Kagoshima  Bay 
(Wakiya);  8oo-cho\v,  China  (Dr.  Cora  B.  Reeves). 

The  synonymy  of  this  species  is  greatly  confused.  We  find  no  Japanese  or 
Chinese  specimens  corresponding  with  S.  dhhuujus  Bloch  of  the  Indian  Ocean, 
with  which  (dhoplninbeiis  has  been  identified,  l)iit  we  are  not  certain  that  the  two 
are  really  diffei'ent.  The  oldest  name  seems  to  be  guttulaius  described  by  Richard- 
son (1845)  as  a  variety  of  ocellatus,  and  having  page-priority  over  alboplumbeus, 
but  later  (1846)  doubtfully  referred  to  the  synonymy  of  alboplumbeus  by  its 
describer.  All  Japanese  and  Formosan  records  of  ocellatus  probably  refer  rather 
to  this  species.""'  Spheroides  stictonotus  is  probably  the  adult,  as  it  differs  from 
typical  alboplumbeus  in  much  the  same  way  as  the  adult  (abbotti)  of  vermicularis 
differs  from  the  half-grown  and  young.  But  nearly  all  of  these  suggestions  reciuire 
confirmation. 

The  ])rickly  area  extends  from  between  the  nostrils  backward  dorsally  to  the 
caudal  fin,  very  closely  approaching  the  dorsal  fin,  antl  from  this  doi'sal  area 
downward  to  include  most  of  the  lower  surfaces,  except  on  the  caudal  peduncle; 
the  entire  preorbital  region  to  the  lateral  fold  and  the  chin  are  without  prickles. 
The  prickles  are  sufficiently  enlarged  to  make  the  skin  rough  to  the  touch  on  the 
back  from  between  the  eyes  half-way  or  almost  to  the  dorsal  fin,  on  the  belly,  and 
sometimes  also  in  lateral  bands  before  and  behind  the  i)(.'ctoi'al  fins.  Where  weak, 
the  pi'ickles  may  become  obsolete. 

The  course  of  the  lateral  lines  on  the  snout  is  variable. 

383.   [606]  Sphoeroides  rubripes  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Tora-fugu  =  Tiger-puffer. 
Kobe  market,  Enoshima  (Jordan);  Onomichi  (Jordan  and  Snj^der). 
Young  specimens  of  this  species  from  Onomichi  were  recoided  by  .Jordan  and 
Snyder'"  as  Spheroides  edboplumheus. 

"'''  The  name  S pharoideH  (179S)  antedates  Si)heroides  180G. 

""■'  Phili])])ine  records  of  .S'.  occlhdii^  (.Jordan  and  Seale,  Pror.  U.  S.  X.  M..  XXVIII,  190.5,  p.  7(11, 
and  Hull.  Bur.  Fish.  XX\'I,  190(1  (1907).  p.  30),  refer  to  Cheloiuiihui  piddcd,  as  we  have  determined  l>y 
re-examining  the  material  so  recorded.  A  Chinese  record  of  IjiiiorcplKdiis  <inU(itux  Abbott  (not  Osbecl<), 
refers  to  Spheroides  mneelellrindi  Regan. 

""  Troc.  r.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIV,  1901,  p.  244. 


JORDAN   AND  HIBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  259 

With  age  tho  pectoral  s])ot  becomes  blacker  and  more  strongly  ocellatecl. 
rather  than  grading  into  the  general  color  scheme,  ^loreover  additional,  or 
postpectoral,  ocelli  become  developed.  The  prickles  commence  well  behind  the 
lips,  not  far  in  advance  of  the  nostrils,  and  extend  l)ack\vard  to  within  a  short 
distance  of  the  dorsal  fin,  where  the  patch  is  abruptly  tiuncated  and  completely 
terminated,  except  for  a  few  prickles,  which  extend  along  the  lateral  line  below 
the  dorsal  base.  The  ventral  patch  extends  from  the  angle  of  the  chin  almost  to 
the  anus.  The  two  patches  are  either  separated  or  veiy  narrowly  joined  before 
and  behind  pectoral  fins.  Wide  areas  about  the  mouth,  eyes,  and  gill-openings, 
and  almo.st  the  entire  tail  are  wholly  devoid  of  prickles.  Wherever  the  i)iickles 
occur  they  are  large  and  strong,  being  readily  visible  to  the  unaided  eye,  and  very 
sharp.    Dorsal  rays  16  or  17. 

The  use  of  the  inflated  skins  of  this  large  species  as  ornamental  lanterns  is  a 
specialty  of  f]noshima. 

383a  [668]  Sphoeroides  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Yokohama,  Tokyo,  Toba  (Jordan);  Alikawa   (M.  Ishikawa);  Misaki  (Aoki). 

383b  [670]  Sphoeroides  pardalis  (Tennninck  and  Schlegel). 
Toba  (Jordan);  Fukui  (Nonaka);  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Family  SCORP.EXID.E. 

383c  [697]   Sebastolobus  macrochir  (Giinther). 

Western  Hokkaido  (Majima);  Kushiro,  Xemuro  (Tanaka);  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Genus  vSebastodes  Gill.     {Mebaru;  Soi). 

For  the  present  we  refer  all  the  Japanese  species  allied  to  Sehastes.  but  ha\-ing 
only  thirteen  or  fourteen  dorsal  spines,  to  the  single  genus  Sebastodes.  We  realize 
perfectly  that  not  one  of  the  Japanese  forms  is  naturally  congeneric  with  Sebastodes 
paucispinis,  the  Californian  type  of  the  genus,  nor  ^-et  with  nigrocinctus,  the  type 
of  the  genus  Sebasiichthys,  a  Californian  species,  which  stands  at  the  opposite 
extreme  of  the  series  of  hhy  or  more  known  forms.  It  will  be  necessary  to  break 
up  the  group  into  from  five  to  ten  genera,  but  the  divisions,  thus  far  proposed, 
fail  to  satisfy,  as  the  characters  lack  definiteness,  or  are  subject  to  intergradation. 
It  .seems  best  to  leave  the  arrangement  of  genera  to  some  monographer.  We  may 
note,  that,  the  more  extensive  the  material  in  hand,  the  more  difficult  the  problem, 
as  appears  in  Frank  Cramer's  elaborate  paper  on  the  "Cranial  Characters  of 
Sebastodes"  (Cal.  Ac.  Sci.,  \",  1895). 


200  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Tlic  evolution  of  the  gi'oui)  fi'om  Miocene  forms  {Sebastoessus,  Rixator,  etc.) 
allied  to  Sehastodes  revealing  greater  and  greater  divergence  and  modification  of 
the  cranium  is  evident. 

The  Japanese  species  of  this  group  may  be  provisionally  referred  to  the  follow- 
ing subgenera,  already  more  or  less  fully  defined,  but  by  no  mean.s  adequately 
covering  the  entire  group. 

Emmelas  Jordan  and  Evermann,  glaucus. 

Prii)inspina  (Eigenmann  and  Beeson)  mvstoni,  sasctkii. 

Sebastosumus  Gill,  inermis,  tokiunis,  joyneri,  thompsoni,  schlcgcli,  tdczanoirHkii, 
flammeus,  itinus,  steindachneri. 

Acutomentum  Eigenmann,  matsubanr,  iracundu^,  scyiliropus. 

Rosicoht  Jordan  and  Evermann, /».syt.st('i?.s. 

Pteropodus  Eigenmann,  vidpes,  nivosus,  irivitfnlus,  tnitsukurii,  pachycephalus. 

Sebastodes^°^  Jordan  and  Hublis,  eleyans. 

Subgemis  Pri)ii()X})in(i  Eigenmann  and  Beeson. 
384.   [687A]  Sebastodes  (Primospina)  owstoni  Jordan  and  Thompson. 

Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ;  Noo. 

This  si^ecies  is  represented  in  the  i)resent  collection  by  five  small  specimens 
(97  to  130  mm.  long),  all  from  the  Sea  of  Japan.  All  of  the  specimens  have  fourteen 
dorsal  spines. 

The  color  in  life  was  obviously  red,  marked  with  al)out  five  indefinite  dark 
saddles  along  the  l)ack,  of  which  the  one  below  the  tenth  and  eleventh  dorsal  spines 
is  the  most  conspicuous. 

385.  [687B]  Sebastodes  (Primospina)  sasakii  Tanaka. 

This  species  seems  to  be  known  only  fi-om  the  oi-iginal  description  j^ublished  in 
Japanese.""  We  give  here  a  translation  of  the  original  description,  made  for  us 
by  Mr.  Kasawa: 

'Head  2.9  in  length  of  body;  depth,  3.0.  Diameter  of  eye  4.5  in  head;  inter- 
orbital  width,  3.5;  snout  3.33;  maxillary  2.1;  dei)th  of  caudal  peduncle,  4.0.  D. 
XIII,  15;  A.  Ill,  7;  pectoral,  19,  all  soft,  the  first  and  last  unbranched,  the  first 
eight  liranclied,  the  last  nine  unl^ranched,  thickened;  V.  I,  5;  C,  about  12  (branched 
rays  only  counted).  Scales  about  115  in  lateral  line;  15  between  D.  and  lat.  1.; 
27  between  lat.  1.  and  anal;  i:)ores  about  59.     Gill-rakers  28;  longest  gill-rakers  1.5 

'"^  Sehn-ttocle-t  .Jordan  and  liubbs,  sul)gcn.  nov.  Dorsal  spiiips  low,  iioniially  fourteen;  interorliital 
deeply  eoncave,  size  small.     Type  SehnMes  I'lcgaiifi  Stoiiidacliiier. 


'"'■'  ZoiA.  Mas.,  XXVIII,  No.  333,  p.  2.5 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  2G1 

in  eye.  Body  elongate,  not  elevated,  evenly  i-ounded.  Maxillary  not  reaching  to 
anterior  margin  of  pupil.  Pectoral  fin  reaching  beyond  ventral  fin,  but  not  to 
anus;  distance  from  tip  of  pectoral  to  origin  of  anal  equals  length  of  V.  Caudal 
fin  emarginate.    Scales  ctenoid.    Maxillary  scaled. 

'In  formalin  color  brownish  red, pale  ventrally ;  irregular  brownish  black  blotches 
on  sides;  about  five  wide  bars  above  lateral  line;  many  irregular  spots  between 
bars.  Four  brownish  bands  about  eye,  one  band  across  the  head  in  front  of  eyes; 
one  band  branched  behind  eye,  one  branch  extending  across  head  back  of  eye,  the 
other  branch  running  along  side  of  body;  next  band  below  eye  also  branched,  one 
branch  lunning  to  opercle,  one  branch  extending  obliquely  downward  and  back- 
ward; the  last  band  extending  downward  and  forward  from  eye.  Anothei-  band 
on  interorbital  space,  not  touching  eye.  Very  little  black  on  lower  part  of  oi)ercles; 
belly  pale. 

'Specimen  taken  in  deep  water  (about  120  fathoms). 

'Named  for  Madoka  Sasaki,  pi-ofcssor  of  fisheries,  Imjierial  University  of 
Hokkaido. 

'Caught  off  the  coast  of  Rikuzen  (Matsushima).' 

Subgenus  Sebastosomus  Gill. 

386.  [089]  Sebastodes  (Sebastosomus)  inermis  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 

Kuru-sui  =  Black  Rock-cod. 
Sebastes  inermis  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Xat.  Poiss.,  IV,  1829,  p.  346. — 

HiLGENDORF,  Sitzuugsb.  Ges.  Nat.  Freunde.  Berlin,  1880,  p. 172. 
Sebastodes  inermis  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVII,  1904,  p.  103. 

—Franz,  Abh.  Bay.  Akad.  Wi.ss.,  Vol.  I,  Suppl.  4,  1910,  p.  70.— Snyder,  Proc. 

U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  425.— Jordan  and  Metz,  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  VI, 

1913,  p.  51.— Jordan  and  Thompson,  ibid.,  VII,  1914,  p.  271. 
Sebastodes  ventricosus  Temminck  and  Schlegel,  Fauna  Japonica,  Pisces,   1843, 

p.  48,  pi.  20,  figs.  1,  2.— Bleeker.  Verb.  Bat.  Gen..  XXVI,  1859.  p.  80.— 

Nystrom,  Kong.  Verb.  Handl.,  1887,  p.  20. 
Sebastodes  fuscescens  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIII,  1900,  p.  756 

(Probabh'  not  of  Houttuyn). 
Sebastodes  guntheri  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVII,  1904,  p.  102, 

fig.  2.— Jordan  and  Metz,  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1913,  p.  49,  fig.  43. 

Tokyo  and  Yokohama  markets  (Jordan);  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto); 
Misaki  (Aoki);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa). 

Snyder,  and  Jordan  and  Thompson  were  undoubtedly  right  in  referring  guntheri 
to  the  svnonvmv  of  inermis. 


202  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Snyder  expresses  doiil)!  as  to  whether  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes  iiad  the 
species,  now  called  ineniris  or  tokionis  in  mind,  and  suggests  that  Sebastes  ventricosus 
and  Sebastodes  tokioniH  are  identical.  In  our  opinion,  however,  Schlegel's  figure 
of  ventricosus  is  assuredly  not  based  on  a  specimen  of  tokionis,  and  agrees  in  detail 
with  inermis,  and  not  with  any  other  species  of  the  inermis  group.  Hilgendorf, 
furthermore,  compared  the  type  of  inermis  with  a  specimen  identified  by  Schlegel 
as  ventricosus  and  declares  the  two  to  be  identical.  Consequently,  until  contrary 
evidence  is  forthcoming,  we  propose  to  regard  ventricosus  as  a  synonym  of  inermis, 
and  to  continue  to  apply  the  name  inermis  to  the  species  here  discussed.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  the  descriptions  of  Giinther  {ventricosus)  and  i)f  Stein- 
dachner  [inermis)  wqyq  l:)ased  on  specimens  of  tokionis. 

Sebastodes  inermis  is  typical  of  a  complex  group  of  species,  the  genus  Sebas- 
tosomus  of  Gill,  which  differ  widely  from  other  species  of  Sebastodes,  and  agree 
among  themselves  in  nearly  all  trenchant  characters.  In  all  of  these  forms  the 
head  is  nearly  smooth,  the  supraorbital  and  occipital  ridges  being  weak;  nasal, 
preorbital,  postorbital,  and  occipital  spines  alone  are  developed  on  the  top  of  the 
head,  and  they  are  small  and  rather  depressed;  the  preorbital  is  armed  by  two 
sharp  spines  directed  downward  and  backward;  behind  them  the  suborbital  is 
extremely  narrow;  of  the  two  opercular  spines  the  upper  is  the  larger;  the  five 
preopercular  spines  are  all  directed  backward;  of  these  the  first  is  very  small,  the 
second  much  tlie  largest;  the  interorbital  is  evenly  and  very  slightly  convex  and 
rather  broad;  the  gill-rakers  are  long  and  slender,  twenty-four  to  twenty-seven  in 
numboi-  on  lower  liml)  of  first  arch;  the  mandible  projects  as  a  rather  sharp  knob, 
and  a  double  symphy.seal  knob  is  (U'vclojx'd;  the  broad  end  of  the  maxillary  ex- 
tends about  to  below  the  middle  of  oil)it;  the  suborbital  stay  is  complete;  the 
head  is  covered  with  ctenoid  scales  to  the  lii^s,  the  snout,  preorbital,  suborbital, 
maxillary,  mandible,  exposed  gular  and  branchiostegal  regions,  all  being  closely 
scaled;  the  body-scales  are  of  moderate  size,  the  pores  thirty-four  to  fifty-three  in 
number;  there  are  few  accessory  scales;  the  dorsal  fin  is  of  moderate  height,  and 
composed  of  thirteen  spines  and  twelve  to  fifteen  soft  rays;  the  anal  rays  are  III, 
5  to  S;  the  paired  fins  are  pointed  and  long;  the  anus  is  well  in  advance  of  the  anal 
fin;  the  peritoneum  in  all  is  white. 

In  addition  to  S.  inermis  this  group  includes  tokionis,  joyneri,  and  thompsoni. 

These  four  species  may  be  divitled  into  two  groups.  In  the  first  pair,  inermis 
and  tokionis,  the  caudal  fin  is  strictly  truncate,  and  the  ventral  fin  is  very  long, 
reaching  far  l)eyond  the  anus,  which  is  distant  about  two-thirds  the  orl)ital  length 
from  the  anal  fin.     In  the  other  two  species,  joyneri  and  thompsoni,  the  caudal 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  263 

fin  is  distinctly  emarginatc  and  sharply  lobed;  the  ventral  fin  is  shorter,  reaching 
but  Uttle,  or  not  at  all.  beyond  the  anus:  the  anus  is  distant  tlie  full  length  of  the 
orbit  from  the  anal  fin. 

Description  of  Sebastodes  inermis:  Dorsal  rays,  XIII.  12  to  L5.  most  fi'e- 
quently  14;  anal  rays.  III,  5  to  8.  usually  7  or  S.  Pores  in  lateral  line  to  caudal 
base,  39  to  47  (the  ty]De  of  guntheri  has  42,  not  50  pores,  as  described);  scales 
vertically  below  first  doi-sal  spine,  to  lateral  line,  11  to  17;  scales  in  an  oblique 
row  from  first  anal  spine  to  lateral  line,  18  to  27.  Scales  somewhat  rougher  and 
firmer  than  in  related  species,  and  with  more  accessory  scales  at  bases;  each  scale 
near  middle  of  body,  above  lateral  line,  with  7  to  12,  usually  9  to  11,  radii.  Back 
rather  strongly  elevated,  depth  of  body  greater  than  length  of  the  head,  and 
contained  2.4  to  2.7  times  in  standard  length.  Length  of  orbit  2.9  (rarely)  to  3.4 
in  head  to  end  of  opercular  flap,  and  1.15  to  1.4  times  the  interorbital  width  (1.45 
to  1.6  times  interorbital  in  young);  length  of  u]3per  jaw,  2.2  to  2.4  in  head;  length 
of  ventral  spine  1.4  to  1.9  in  total  length  of  fin. 

Color  brassy  green  to  reddish  brown  or  1)lackish,  becoming  dusky  silvery  to 
dull  reddish  below;  the  sides  crossed  by  wide,  indistinct,  and  much  disrupted 
cross-bands,  which  are  about  as  well  developed  below  as  above  the  lateral  line; 
young  boldly  marked  with  i-ather  large  spots,  which  later  merge  with  the  bars. 

387.   [691]  Sebastodes  i  Sebastosomus)  tokionis  Joi-dan  and  Starks. 
Aku-)iub(iru  =  Red  Rock-cod. 

Sebastes  ventricosus  Gunther.   Cat.   Fishes  Brit.   Mus.,   II,    1860.   p.   97   (not   of 

Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Sebastodes  ventricosus  Jordan  and  Evermann,  Bull.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XLMI,  in.  2, 

1898,  p.  1829  (after  Gunther). 
Sebastes  inermis  Steindachner  and  Doderlein.   Denksch.   Akad.   Wi.ss.   Wien, 

1884,  p.  205  (not  of  Cuvier  and  \'alenciennes). 
Sebastodes  inermis  Jordan  and  Evermann.  /.  c..  p.  1829  (after  Steindachner  and 

Doderlein). 
Sebastodes  tokionis  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXMI,  1904,  p.  104 

fig.  3.— Franz.  Abh.  Bay.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Vol.  I,  Suppl.  4,  1910,  p.  70.— Snyder, 

Proc.  U.  S.  X.  ^I.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  425. — Jordan  and  Thompson,  Mem.  Car. 

Mus.,  VI,  1914,  p.  425,  fig.  40. 

Osaka  market  (Jordan);  Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

The  proportionate  measurements  of  depth  of  body  and  of  eye,  as  given  by 
Gunther  and  l)y  Steindachner.  indicate  that  they  had  1)efore  them  the  present 
species,  rather  than  *S'.  inermis.    This  species  is  extremely  clo.se  to  Sebastodes  inermis, 


264  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

but  differs  in  luiving  a  lower  avei'age  number  of  pores  and  scales,  a  higher  average 
nimiber  of  radii  on  the  scales,  the  back  not  elevated,  and  the  body  slenderer,  the  eye 
usually  much  larger  (at  comparable  sizes),  and  the  color  in  life  lighter  and  redder. 

Description  of  Sehastodes  tokionis  (based  on  tlie  material  listed  above,  on  the 
type  and  four  paratypes  from  Misaki,  and  one  specimen  from  Tokyo,  collected  by 
Jordan  and  Snyder  in  1900):  Dorsal  rays,  XIII,  13  to  15;  anal  rays,  III,  6  to  8. 
Pores  in  lateral  line  to  caudal  base,  35  to  45,  usually  fewer  than  42  (in  the  type 
we  count  39);  scales  below  first  dorsal  spine,  11  to  14;  obliquely  above  first  anal 
spine,  17  to  22  (in  each  case  to  lateral  line).  Scales  near  middle  of  body,  above 
lateral  line,  averaging  somewhat  longer  and  more  widely  exposed  than  in  related 
species,  each  with  8  to  15,  usually  10  or  more,  radii.  Dorsal  contour  much  less 
elevated  than  in  .S.  inermis  and  moi-e  gently  curved,  the  greatest  d('i:)tli  conse- 
quently less,  about  equal  to  length  of  head,  contained  2.7  to  2.9  times  in  length 
to  caudal.  Orbit  very  large,  2.7  to  3.2  in  head;  in  the  adult  1.4  to  1.65,  and  in 
the  young  1.55  to  1.65  times  the  interorbital  width;  length  of  upper  jaw  2.3  to 
2.4  in  head;  length  of  ventral  spine,  1.55  to  1.85  in  total  length  of  fin. 

Color  of  a  fresh  specimen  brown  above,  becoming  bright  red  on  lower  parts; 
the  dorsal  dusky,  becoming  blackish  outwardly,  but  with  the  margins  of  the 
membranes  from  the  fifth  to  the  tenth  spines  red;  all  other  fins  red;  nasal  tubes 
bright  red.  In  alcohol  the  back  is  dusky  (lighter  than  in  *S.  inermis),  the  lower 
parts  silvery;  dorsals,  anal,  and  tip  of  ventral  dusky;  pectorals  colorless.  In  the 
young  the  fins  are  darker,  and  the  sides  are  marked  with  spots,  which,  though 
clearly  evident,  are  smaller,  more  numerous,  and  less  distinct  than  in  the  young 
of  S.  inermis.  Adults  are  indefinitely  marked  with  cross-bars,  which  are  well 
shown  in  the  figure  of  the  type;  these,  as  in  S.  inermis,  are  about  as  well  developed 
on  the  lower  side  as  above  the  lateral  line,  and  are  nowhere  sharj^jly  defined. 

388.   [692]  Sehastodes  (Sebastosomus)  joyneri  (Gunther). 
Takenoko-mebaru  =  Ba,n\hoo  Rock-cod. 

Sebastes  joyneri  GtJNTHER,  Ann.   Mag.   Nat.   Hist.,   I,   1878,   p.  485;  Challenger 

Reports,  Shore-Fishes,  1880,  p.  64,  i)l.  29,  fig.  A. — Steindachner  and  Doder- 

LEiN,  Denksch.  Acad.  Wiss.  Wien,  1884,  p.  206. 
Sebastodcs  joyneri  Jordan  and  Evermann,  Bull.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLVII,  pt.  2,  1898, 

p.  1829  (after  Steindachner  and  Doderlein). — Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S. 

N.  M.,  XXIII,  1900,  p.  757  (in  part).— Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  N. 

M.,  XXIII,  1900,  p.   105  (in  part,  not  specimens  from  Miyako). — Snyder, 

Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  426. 

Shizuoka  (Jordan). 


JORDAN  AND  HIBB.S:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  rJ22.  265 

We  sepui-ate  from  S.  joyneri,  as  representatives  of  a  new  sjiecies,  which  we 
name  Sebastodes  thompsoni,  certain  specimens,  which  hitherto  have  been  con- 
founded with  this  species.  Excluding  these  we  have  seven  specimens  (five  pre- 
viously recorded)  which  correspond  in  full  detail  with  the  descriptions  of  Gunther 
and  Steindachner.  These  specimens  serve  as  the  basis  for  the  description  which 
follows."" 

Description  of  Sebastodes  joyneri:  Dorsal  rays  XIII,  14  or  15;  anal  rays.  III, 
7  or  8;  pores  in  lateral  line  43  to  51  (42  to  49  counted  bj'  Steindachner):  13  to  15 
scales  between  lateral  line  and  origin  of  dorsal,  24  to  29  scales  to  origin  of  anal; 
scales  near  middle  of  body  and  above  lateral  line  with  8  to  13  radii.  Both  contours 
rather  evenly  curved,  the  body  rather  slender,  its  greatest  depth  2.7  to  2.9  in  length 
to  caudal;  orbit  very  large,  its  length  2.65  to  3.4  in  head  to  end  of  flap,  1.2  to  1.7 
times  the  interorbital  width;  length  of  upper  jaw.  2.35  to  2.5  in  head;  length  of 
ventral  spine,  1.4  to  1.75  in  total  length  of  fin. 

Color  red,  a  little  darker  above,  with  highly  intensified  and  sharply  margined 
obliciue  black  bars  of  constant  form,  five  partly  below  and  partly  on  dorsal  base; 
first  composed  of  two  separated  rounded  spots,  one  at  base  of  fin  and  one  on  lateral 
line;  the  second  bilobed,  extending  a  little  below  lateral  line;  the  third  comma- 
shaped,  barelj'  extending  below  lateral  line,  the  ventral  end  showing  some  variation, 
sometimes  being  partly  or  completely  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  bar,  the 
detached  portion  rarely  divided  vertically;  fourth  round,  extending  only  half-way 
to  lateral  line;  the  fifth  smaller  and  squarer  in  shape,  a  saddle  across  caudal 
peduncle  at  end  of  dorsal  base,  extending  a  little  out  on  fin,  but  not  to  latest  line; 
the  sixth  a  small  spot  at  upper  edge  of  caudal  base.  Largest  specimen  188  mm. 
long  to  caudal. 

389.    [692A]    Sebastodes  ( Sebastosomusj  thompsoni  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  s]).  nov. 

Sebastodes  joyneri  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIII,  1900,  p.  757 
(in  part).— Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  AI..  XXVH,  1904,  p.  105 
(specimen  from  Mij'ako). — Jordan  and  Thompson,   Mem.  Car.   Mus.,  VI, 
1914,  p.  271.  pi.  XXXII,  fig.  2.  (Specimen  from  Tsu.shima  Straits). 
This  species  is  nearest  Sebastodes  joyneri,  with  which  it  has  heretofore  been 

confused,  but  differs  sharply  in  coloration,  as  is  well  shown  in  the  figures  of  the 

two  species.     The  pores  in  the  lateral  line  are  more  numerous  (52  or  53)  than  in 

any  other  species  of  the  mermts-group. 

Type,  189  mm.  Icjng  to  caudal  fin,  collected  by  Jordan  and  Snyder  (in  1900) 

at  Miyako,  Japan;  Cat.  Xo.  7167,  Stanford  University  Collections.    Paratypes  of 

"°  For  certain  other  characters  of  .S'.  joyneri  see  the  comparisons  made  uiuler  .S.  inermis,  p.  202. 


2()() 


MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


aliout   the  same  size  were  cullected  l)y   Doctttr  Jordan  (in  lUlij  at  Osaka;  Cat. 
No.  22G40,  Stanford  collections  (No.  ()()37a  Car.  Mus.  Cat.  Fishes). 

Head,  2.85  to  3.05;  depth,  2.7  to  2.9.  Botly  rather  slend(>i\  the  back  not 
especially  elevatetl;  the  dorsal  and  ventral  contours  about  e([ually  curved.  Head 
rather  smooth,  supraorbital  and  occijntal  ridges  being  low  and  partly  scaled  over; 
nasal,  jireorbital,  postorbital,  and  occipital  spines  alone  developed  on  top  of  head, 
all  small  and  depressed;  preoi-bital  armed  by  two  sharp  spines  (one  bifid  in  type) 
directed  downward  and  backward;  suborbital  extremely  narrow;  upper  opercular 
spine  the  longer;  five  jireojiercular  spines,  the  first  very  small,  the  second  much 
the  largest,  those  following  progressively  shorter,  all  directed  backwaixl.  Inter- 
orbital  nearly  smooth,  very  slightly  convex,  its  edges  nowhere  gibbous,  its  least 


Fig.  1.     Sebastodcs  Ihoiupsoui  .Jordan  and  Hubhs,  s|j.  nov.    Rcprnduction  of  the  figure  of  S.  joi/neri 
.Jordan  and  Thompson,  Mem.  C.  M.,  VI,  I'l.  XXXII,  fi.a;,  2. 

width  1.35  to  l.G  in  oiiiit ;  suborl)ital  stay  complete;  orbi-t,  3.2  to  3.25  in  head; 
maxillary,  2.2  to  2.4,  its  l)road  end  reaching  to  below  middle  of  orbit;  mandible 
projecting  as  a  rather  sharji  knob;  a  double  symphyseal  knob  of  teeth  fitting  into 
interspace  between  expanded  anterior  lobes  of  premaxillary  teeth;  sides  of  jaws 
and  palatines  with  nai'row  bands  of  teeth;  gill-rakers  rather  long  and  slender, 
twenty-seven  on  lower  limb  of  outer  arch.  Head  covered  with  ctenoid  scales  to 
the  lips,  the  snout,  preorbital,  suborbital,  maxillary,  mandible,  and  exposed 
portions  of  gular  and  branchiostegal  membranes  all  being  closely  scaled.  Body- 
scales  rather  smaller  than  in  related  species,  the  pores  of  latei'al  line  numbering  52 
or  53  to  caudal  base;  about  17  scales  in  a  series  from  first  dorsal  spine  vertically 


JOKUAN   AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   H)22.  267 

dowiiwartl  to  lateral  line,  28  to  ."^0  in  an  ()l)li(iu('  row  from  first  anal  s])iii('  to  latci'al 
line.  Accessoiy  scales  few,  except  on  nai)e  and  along  base  of  dorsal.  Scales  with 
about  eleven  radii.  Dorsal  rays,  XIII,  14;  anal,  III,  7;  pectorals,  Ki.  Dorsal 
spines  short  and  modei'ately  robust,  the  foui'th  oi'  fifth  longest,  a  little  longer  than 
highest  soft  ray,  contained  2.3  to  2.4  times  in  head;  membranes  between  doisal 
spines  not  deeply  incised;  the  dorsals  not  very  deeply  cmarginate.  Caudal  dis- 
tinctly emarginate;  the  lobes  rather  sharp.  Third  anal  spine  about  as  strong  as 
second  and  a  little  longer,  a  little  more  than  two-thirds  the  longest  soft  ray,  2.4 
to  2.7  in  head.  Ventral  pointed,  scarcely  extended  lieyond  anus,  the  length  of  the 
fin  1.6  to  1.65  times  the  length  of  the  spine,  contained  1.55  to  1.65  times  in  head. 
Pectoral  rather  pointed,  reaching  to  above  anus,  1.2  in  head.  Unbranched  pectoial 
rays  not  enlarged.  Anus  in  advance  of  anal  fin  a  distance  about  eciual  to  length 
of  orbit.    Peritoneum  white. 

Color  doubtless  red  in  life;  in  spirits  dusky  above,  and  silvery  below  the  lateral 
line.  Upper  sides  marked  with  dai'k  bi'own  bars,  not  black  as  in  S.  joijncri,  and 
of  different  form.  The  form  of  the  bars  is  better  indicated  by  the  figure  than  by 
description.     Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  Vol.  VI,  pi.  XXXII,  fig.  2. 

390.   [690]  Sebastodes  (Sebastosomus)  schlegeli  (Ililgendorf). 
Kuro-mcbarii  =  B\i\ck  Rock-cod. 

Otaru  market  (S.  Takayasu) ;  Sapj^oro  market  (Majima). 

391.   [095]  Sebastodes  (Sebastosomus)  steindachneri  (Ililgendorf). 
Yanagi-7)icbaru  =  Wi\\o\\  Rock-cod. 

A  single  specimen  taken  by  Tanaka  at  Nemuro. 

Dorsal  rays,  XIII,  15;  anal.  III,  7;  pectoral  rays,  1,  9,  8=18;  pores,  32;  head, 
2.7;  depth,  2.7;  orbit,  4;  snout,  4. 

392.   |697]  Sebastodes  (Sebastosomusj  taczanowskii  (Steindachnei). 

Otaru  market  (Takayasu);  Sapporo  market  (Majima). 

In  this  species  there  is  wide  variation  in  structural  featiu'es.  The  postorljital 
spine  may  be  either  absent,  or  present;  the  posterior  suborbital  lol)e  may  become 
divided  into  two  parts;  scales  sometimes  extend  forward  on  the  mandible  over  the 
articular  bone,  and  along  the  upper  edge,  and  sometimes  even  scatteringly  over 
the  posterior  outer  face  of  the  dentary  bone.  The  body,  when  fresh,  shows  more 
or  less  distinctly  pearly  spots  on  the  centers  of  scales  on  the  sides. 


2G8  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

393.  [698]  Sebastodes  (Sebastosomus)  flammeus  Jonlau  :iiid  Starks. 

Hi-mebaru  =  Scarlet  Rock-cod. 

One  ^jiecimen,  345  mm.  long  to  tlie  caudal  fin,  taken  at  Ku.shiro  by  Tanaka, 
agrees  well  with  Jordan  and  Thompson's  redescription  and  figure  of  this  species.'" 

Measurements  in  hundredths  of  length  to  caudal:  head  (to  end  of  ojiercular 
membrane)  .40;  upi)er  jaw,  .175;  snout,  .10;  mandil)le,  .225;  pectoral,  .28;  ventral 
fin,  .185;  ventral  spine,  .102;  fourth  dorsal  spine,  .105;  third  anal  spine,  .098;  bony 
interorl)ital,  .083;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  .10. 

Dorsal  rays,  XIII,  15;  anal.  III,  8;  pores  in  the  lateral  line,  33;  gill-rakers, 
1  +  20.  The  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw  are  in  a  band  anteriorly,  the  few  next  the 
antei'ior  notch  being  canines,  in  a  double  series  of  fairly  strong  incurved  teeth 
mediall.v,  and  in  a  band  of  fine  teeth  near  the  angle  of  the  gape.  The  mandibular 
teeth  are  developed  as  a  group  of  small  canines  on  the  strong  symphysial  knob, 
but  ]-apidly  narrow  to  a  single  series,  which  extends  along  the  entire  sides  of  the 
jaws. 

The  dark  blotch  mentioned  by  Jordan  and  Snyder  is  not  on  the  opercular 
flap,  but  on  the  upper  part  of  the  bi'anchiostegal  membrane.  The  membrane 
above  the  anterior  half  of  uppermost  branchiostegal  is  also  brownish  black.  These 
two  marks,  ordinarily  concealed,  are  sharph^  diagnostic  of  the  species. 

Subgenus  Aculomentum  Eigenmann. 

394.  [700]  Sebastodes  (Acutomentum)  iracundus  Jordan  and  Starks. 

Ittcn-dko  =  Sjiot  Rock-fisk. 

Sebastes  matsubanc  var.,  Hilgendorf,  Sitzungsber.  Ges.  Naturforsch.  Freunde, 

Berlin,  1880,  p.  170,  and  plate. 

Sapporo  market  (Majima);  Kushiro  (Tanaka). 

The  four  specimens  fully  agree  with  the  fish  recorded  under  the  above  name 
l)>'  Snyder,"-  from  Mororan.  They  differ  from  the  type  chiefly  in  coloration, 
which  is  probably  largely  due  to  changes  in  preservation.  The  black  blotch  on 
the  side  of  the  large  type,  as  described,  is  very  much  smaller  on  one  side  than  on 
the  other;  such  irregular  spots  appear  on  various  Californian  species  of  the  genus. 

In  the  following  counts  and  measurements  tlie  items  applying  to  the  large 
type  are  put  in  parentheses,  wlien  different  from  the  measurements  taken  from 
the  five  other  specimens  at  hand. 


'"  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  \l.  11114,  p.  270,  i,l.  XXXII,  fig.  1. 
"=  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  420. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   Hi22.  269 

Dorsal  rays,  XIII,  14  (13):  anal  rays,  III,  8;  pectoral  I'ays,  distinguishing 
branched  and  unbranched  rays,  1  or  2  +  8  or  9  (9  or  10) +  8  or  9  (9)  =  18  or  19 
(19  or  20);  pores,  30  to  35  (30).  Head,  2.55  to  2.6  (2.45),  depth,  2.4  to  2.6  (2.8); 
depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  3.7  to  4.1  (4.7);  orbit,  3.3  to  3.5  (3.8);  interorbital,  4.6 
to  5.1  (5.1);  snout,  3.8  to  4.1  (4.25);  upper  jaw,  1.9  to  2.1  (2.1).  Scales  covering 
all  exposed  surfaces  of  the  head,  excepting  only  the  eyes  and  lips,  everywhere 
ctenoid.  Teeth  in  a  moderate  band  in  premaxillaries,  somewhat  enlarged  anteriorly; 
mandibular  teeth  coarse  on  the  small  symphysial  knob,  chiefly  in  one  series  of 
strong  teeth,  laterally  flanked  to  well  to\\ard  the  end  of  the  series  by  one  or  two 
irregular  rows  of  smaller  teeth.  Spines  of  head  sul)ject  to  much  \-ariation;  supra- 
ocular spine  occasionall}^  reduced  to  a  shar])  knob;  coronal  s])ines  indiffei'cntly 
present  or  absent,  directed  outward  or  backward,  and  \-arying  in  position:  nuchal 
spines  distinct,  or  more  or  less  completely  fused  with  the  parietals.  Lower  border 
of  orbit  without  a  raised  and  broken  crest,  but  sometimes  showing  a  small  spine 
at  base  of  the  upper  edge  of  suborbital  stay.  Interorbital  flat  or  weakly  concave, 
with  a  pair  of  very  weak  to  rather  strong  ridges. 

Color  red,  with  dusky  markings  arranged  in  diagnostic  fashion.  Three  narrow 
bars  cross  the  top  of  the  head  at  the  front  and  liack  of  orbit  and  at  nape;  rather 
faint  cro.ss-bars  or  wedges  extend  downward  from  about  tlie  front  of  the  dorsal  to 
the  black  opercular  blotch,  from  the  middle  of  the  spinous  across  the  lateral  line, 
and  as  irregular  fragments  well  toward  the  ventral  fins,  from  near  the  end  of  the 
spinous  dorsal  not  nearly  to  the  lateral  line,  and  from  below  the  end  of  soft  dorsal 
base  almost  to  lateral  line;  a  longitudinal  row  of  spots,  more  or  less  blurred  into 
blotches,  opposite  the  dark  bars,  extends  along  the  body  just  above  and  below  the 
lateral  line,  the  ventral  series  being  the  more  conspicuous.  A  dark  blotch  on  the 
branchiostegal  membrane  near  opercular  spot,  and  a  variable  amount  of  like 
color  on  the  hidden  portion  of  the  membrane  medially.  Buccal  and  branchial 
cavities  coarseh'  blotched  with  l:)lack;  peritoneum  black. 

395.   [693]  Sebastodes  (Acutomentum)  scythropus  .lordan  and  Snyder. 
Ukeguchi-mebaru  =  Lucky-mout  h  Rock-cod . 
A  ripe  female,  202  mm.  long  to  the  caudal  fin,  was  obtained  in  the  Yokohama 
market  (Jordan). 

Dorsal,  XIII,  12;  anal.  III,  5  (counting  la.st  rays  as  branched);  second  anal 
spine  little  longer  than  third. 

Ground-color  pale  pinkish,  becoming  silvery  below,  and  marked  dorsally  by 
large  orange-red  blotches,  broadly  bordered  with  l)luish  gray,  and  arianged  as 
follows:    a  streak  along  front  of  lateral  line  ending  in  a  large  blotch  below  middle 


270  MEMOIRS  OF  TIIK  CARNECIK  MUSEUM. 

of  spinous  dorsal;  a  similar  streak  Ix'twccn  lateral  line  and  dorsal;  four  blotches 
diagonally  disposed  about  the  one  mentioned  above,  the  foremost  Itehind  opercle, 
the  upper  two  extended  into  dorsal  base,  the  one  under  the  foui'  last  spines  of  the 
first  dorsal  fin  wedge-shaped ;  the  fourth  blotch  indefinitely  connected  along  lower 
sides  with  the  lower  end  of  a  i)rominent  bar  below  soft  dorsal;  another  bar  on 
caudal  peduncle  near  base  of  caudal.  Head  pale,  with  some  mottling  of  bluish 
dusky  above,  and  with  a  large  and  conspicuous  rich  deep  brown  opercular  blotch. 
Dorsal  fins  with  extensions  of  the  red  body-markings,  and  with  red  dashes  in  the 
membranes  distally.    Caudal  and  ventrals  red;  pectorals  and  anal  pinkish. 

Subgenus  Pteropodus  Eigenmann. 
390.    [702]    Sebastodes  (Pteropodus)  vulpes  (Hteindachner  and  Doderlein). 
iy«-.so/  =  Ti'ue  Rock-cod;  Kitsiinc-mcb(tru  =  Fox  Rock-cod. 
Otaru  market  (Takayasu). 

397.    [703]   Sebastodes  (Pteropodus)  pachycephalus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel.) 
//ac/if^aro  =  Cranium-belly ;  Mura-soi  =  Irregular  Rock-cod. 
Otaru  market   (Takayasu) ;  Yokohama  market   (Jordan) ;  Toj'ama   (S.   Yo- 
shizawa) . 

398.   [706]  Sebastodes  (Pteropodus)  mitsukurii  (Cramer). 
Toba  market  (Joi-dan  and  Yaniamoto);  Alikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Fukui 
(Nonaka). 

Young,  about  4  cm.  long  to  caudal,  are  very  similar  to  the  adult  in  form  and 
color,  differing  chiefly  in  having  the  gill-rakers  about  one-third  as  long  as  the 
orbit. 

399.   [70S]  Sebastodes  (Pteropodus)  trivittatus  (Hilgendorf). 
Shimazoi  =  iitriped  Rock-cod. 
Otaru  market  (Takayasu);  Nemuro  (Tanaka). 
Dorsal  rays,  XIII,  13;  anal,  6;  pores,  38. 

Subgenus  Sebastodes*  Jordan  and  Hubbs. 
400.   [704]  Sebastodes  (Sebastodes)  elegans  (Steindachner  and  Doderlein). 

Yoroi-mebaru  =  Mailed  Rock-cod. 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

Ripe  females  are  13  to  15  cm.  long  to  caudal. 

All  four  specimens  have  fourteen  dorsal  spines.  Tins  dainty  little  fish  is 
especially  characteristic  of  the  Inland  Sea. 

*  See  footnote  No.  lOS,  p.  2(10. 


JORDAN  AND  HIBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1<)_'2.  271 

Genus  Scorp.exodes  Blocker. 

This  name  roplaees  Sebastopsis  Gill,  and  Sebmtopsh  Sauvage.  SrhastcUd 
Tanaka  (1918)  appears  to  be  another  synonym. 

401.    [709]   Scorpaenodes  littoralis  (Tanaka).    /.so-Av/.'^^(f/o  =  Surf  Scorpion-fish. 

Sebastella  Uttoralis  Tanaka.  Zool.  Mag.,  XXIX,  1918,  p.  10. 

We  offer  a  tran.slation  of  the  original  account  of  this  species,  which  was  in 
Japanese : 

'Head  2.66  in  length  of  body  without  caudal  fin;  dejith  3.  Diameter  of  eye 
3.875:  interorbital,  6.89;  .snout,  3.44;  maxillary,  1.77;  caudal  peduncle,  3.875. 
Dorsal,  XIII,  9;  anal,  III,  5;  pectoral  fin,  17,  tlie  lower  nine  rays  unbranched; 
ventral,  I,  5;  caudal,  11  (branched  rays).  Scales  in  series  upon  lateral  line,  46; 
6  above,  11  below  lateral  Une.  Teeth  on  both  jaws  and  on  vomer,  but  not  on 
palatines.  Second  anal  spine  stronger  and  longer  than  third.  Tip  of  pectoral  fin 
reaching  a  little  beyond  origin  of  anal;  ventral  fin  not  reaching  anal  origin.  Caudal 
rounded. 

Color  in  formalin  l)rown.  Six  indistinct  oblique  bars  on  the  sides;  three  bands 
radiating  downward  from  the  eye;  subopercle  with  a  large  blotch;  many  biown 
spots  and  streaks  on  all  tlie  fins.  Length  from  front  of  head  to  tip  of  middle 
caudal  rays  99  mm.' 

This  fish  is  abundant  along  the  shore  at  Misaki,  and  does  not  attain  a  large 
size,  a  fact  which  accounts  for  its  not  being  brought  into  the  markets. 

It  resembles  some  species  caUed  Sebastodes,  but  differs  in  having  no  teeth  on 
the  palatine  bones. 

402.   [710]  Sebasticus  albofasciatus  (  Lacepetle). 
Ayavtc-kasago  =  Bright-colored  Kasago. 

Shizuoka  and  0.saka  markets  (Jordan);  Mi.saki  (Aoki). 

The  subocular  spine  is  absent  in  all  our  specimens  but  one.  on  which  it  occurs 
on  l)ut  one  side.  Dorsal  spines  normally  12.  but  occasionally  11  or  13.  In  large 
adults  the  eye  is  less  than  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  head,  l)ut  in  specimens  of 
similar  size,  the  eye  is  larger  than  in  S.  marmoratus. 

403.     [711]    Sebastiscus  marmoratus  fCuvier  and  Valenciennes).     Kasago. 

Sebastiscus   tsuraara   Tanaka,    Zool.    Mag.,   Vol.   XXIX,    Xo.    339,    1917.    ]).  10 
(Misaki). 


272  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Shizuoka,  Tokyo,  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan) ;  Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Alikawa  Bay 
(M.  Lsbikawa). 

This  species  varies  much  in  color  and  pattern,  grading  from  blackisli  to  reddish 
brown,  l)ut  not  approaching,  so  far  as  known,  tlie  red  color  (fading  to  white  in 
alcohol)  characteristic  of  »S.  alhofasciatus.  One  of  the  darker  color  phases  has 
lately  been  distinguished  specifically  by  Tanaka  as  S.  tsuraara,  but  we  do  not 
think  the  form  so  named  to  be  separable.  In  this  species  the  spine  on  th(>  sub- 
orbital stay  near  the  lower  margin  of  the  orbit  is  but  rarely  developed,  but  it  is 
also  frequently,  i)erhaps  usually,  absent  in  albofasciatus.  These  two  forms  are 
very  closely  related,  and  indeed  alhofasciatus  may  l)e  merely  the  deep-water  race 
of  marmoi'atus,  and  it  is  likely  that  Joi'dan  and  Thompson  (1914)  are  right  in 
uniting  the  two,  under  the  older  name  albofasciatus. 

404.  [714]  Helicolenus  emblemarius  Jordan  and  Starks. 
Yokohama  market  (Jordan). 

405.  [715]  Scorpaena  neglecta  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

Fusa-kasayo  =  Fringe  Kasago. 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

406.   [716]  Scorpsena  izensis  Jordan  and  Starks. 
Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Miyazu. 

407.    [717]    Scorpaenopsis  cirrhosa  (Thunberg).    0?(/-AY;.srt(/o  =  Devil  Kasago. 

Kobe  market  (Jordan). 

Snyder's  record  of  this  species  from  Kagoshima  refers  to  S.  gibhosa.  The  two 
species  are,  however,  well  distinguished. 

Head  2.25  to  2.3:  depth,  3.1  to  3.4:  orbit,  5.4  to  6.1:  dorsal  rays,  XII,  8  or  9; 
anal,  III,  5. 

408.    [719]  Scorpaenopsis  gibbosa  (Bloch  and  Schneider). 

IScorpaiia  gibbosa  Block  and  Schneider,  Ichth.,  1801,  p.  192,  pi.  44. — Gunther, 

Fische  der  Sudsee,  I,  1874,  p.  79,  pi.  53:  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.  Mus.,  II,  1860,  p.  119. 

— Bleeker,  Verb.  Akad.  Amster.  XVI,  1876,  p.  38,  pi.  2,  fig.  1;  Atl.  Ichth., 

IX,  1877,  pi.  416,  fig.  4  and  4a. 
Scorpce7ia  kagoshimana  Doderlein,  Denksch.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  49,  1884,  p.  28; 

ibid.,  53,  1887,  pi.  3. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  273 

ScorpirnopHis  kdyo.sJiiiiKiiKi  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVII,  11)04, 

p.  137.— Smith  and  Pope,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXI,  1906,  p.  482. 
Scorpa'nopsis  cirrhusa  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLII,   1912,  p.  428  (not  of 

Thunborg) . 

One  specimen  obtained  at  Kago.shima  Bay  (Wakiya). 

In  Japan  this  species  has  only  been  taken  at  Kagoshima.  Smith  and  Pope 
and  Snyder  err  in  regarding  this  species  as  identical  with  the  very  different  S. 
cirrhosa.  We  have  compared  this  topotypic  example  of  S.  kagoshimana  with  a 
specimen  of  S.  ijihbom  from  Samoa,  and  with  the  figures  of  the  species,  and  find  no 
basis  for  specific  distinction.  Especially  diagnostic  is  the  coloration  of  the  under 
surface  of  the  pectoral  fin,  clear  white,  with  black  spots  in  base,  gray  mesially, 
then  broadly  and  regularly  black  within  the  narrow  white  margin. 

The  Hawaiian  specic^s  Scorpcenopsis  catocala  has  been  regarded  as  identical 
with  .S.  gibhosa,  but  probably  in  error.  The  spines  are  much  sharper,  the  cavities 
of  the  head  are  deeper,  and  the  coloration  is  different,  especially  on  the  under 
surface  of  the  pectoral  fin;  the  base  highly  mottled,  followed  dor  sally  first  l\y  a 
large  black  blotch,  then  l^y  a  white  area,  then  by  a  row  of  l^lack  spots  i)arallel 
with,  l)ut  well  removed  fi-om,  the  margin  of  the  fin;  the  pale  margin  of  the  ventral 
fins  is  wider.  In  these  respects  S.  catocala  agrees  better  with  ,S.  diabolus,  as  de- 
scribed and  figured  by  Bleeker.    We  hesitate,  however,  to  make  the  identification. 

409.   [722]  Pterois  lunulata  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 
M?'«o-A-rt,sfl(/o  =  Rain-coat  Kasago. 
Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Misaki  (Aoki;. 

Genus  Brachirus  Swainson. 

The  name  Brachirus,  occuri-ing  sevei-al  pages  earlier  in  Swainson's  work  {p.  71) 
must  replace  Dendrocliirus  (p.  180). 

410.   [723  and  725]  Brachirus  jordani  (Regan). 
Scto-mino-kasago  =  Channel  Mino-kasago. 
Pterois  jordani  Regan,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (7)  XV,  1905,  p.  20. 
Dendrochirus  jordani  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLII,  1912,  ]i.  428. 
Ebosia  starksi  Franz,  Al)h.  Bayer,  Akad.  Wiss.,  Vol.  I,  Suppl.  4,  1910,  p.  72,  pi.  9, 
fig.  69. 

One  specimen  secui-ed  Ijy  Wakiya  in  Kagoshima  Bay. 

Franz's  description  of  Ebosia  starksi  agrees  with  Brachirus  jordani  in  all 
details,  except  the  nunibei'  of  anal  soft  rays,  given  as  nine;  probably  a  misprint. 


274  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

411.   1723A]  Brachirus  bellus  Joidaii  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 

(Plate  X;  fig.  3.) 
Type  64  mm.  long  to  caudal  fin,  90  mm.  long  to  end  of  caudal;  collected  at 
Misaki,  Japan,  by  Aoki;  ('.   M.  ("at.  Fishe.s  No.  7894.     No  other  specimen  has 
been  seen. 

Dorsal  rays,  XII,  I,  9;  anal.  III,  5;  caudal,  12  (10  branched);  pectorals. 
1  +  7  +  9=17. 

Head,  2.4;  depth,  2.5  in  standard  length.  Least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle, 
3.5  in  head,  just  ecjual  to  length  of  orbit;  interorbital,  7.6;  snout,  3.9:  least  sub- 
orbital width,  8.0;  length  of  upper  jaw,  2.5. 

The  ovate  form  of  tlie  body  and  tlu>  contours  of  the  head  are  well  shown  by 
the  artist.  When  viewed  from  in  front,  tlie  head  is  widest  at  the  preopercular 
angle;  the  interorbital  deeply  concave,  with  a  fine  groove  between  the  two  sub- 
median  I'idges,  which  do  not  end  in  spines;  no  nasal  spines;  only  two  blunt  spines 
on  upi)er  posterior  margin  of  orbit ;  infraorbital  keel  complete,  but  spineless,  ex- 
tending to  the  preopercular  margin  opposite  the  uppermost  and  strongest  (though 
weak)  preopercular  spine;  the  two  additional  preopercular  spines  blunt;  oj^ercles 
devoid  of  developed  ridges  or  spines;  a  series  of  three  short  ridges  ending  in  blunt 
spines  from  eye  to  below  origin  of  lateral  line;  occipital  ridges  moderately  elevated 
and  sharp,  witlely  divergent,  their  weak  terminal  spines  being  more  than  twice 
as  far  ai)art  as  their  origins;  a  small  spine  on  each  side  between  occipital  ridge  and 
oibit.  The  two  suborbital,  one  nasal,  and  one  supraorbital  leaf -like  flaps  are  well 
dra\\n  l)y  the  artist.  The  teeth  ai'e  all  small  and  blunt,  arranged  in  moderate 
bands  on  jaws  and  vomer,  absent  on  palatines.  The  scales  of  the  head  are  cycloid, 
rather  loosely  covering  the  top  of  the  head  forward  to  middle  of  interorbital 
groove,  but  are  well  imbricate  on  opercle,  subopercle,  and  the  cheeks  above  and 
below  the  stay;  sides  and  front  of  interorbital,  snout,  preorbital,  suborbital,  both 
jaws,  interopercle,  and  gular  and  l^ranchiostegal  membranes  devoid  of  scales. 
The  body-scales  are  ctent)id,  I'athcr  regularly  arranged,  without  accessory  scales, 
and  of  rather  large  size,  there  being  only  about  twenty-eight  along  the  lateral  line 
to  caudal  base. 

The  form  of  the  fins  is  shown  in  accurate  detail  l)y  the  artist,  so  that  a  de- 
scription would  add  nothing  not  evident  from  an  examination  of  the  figure. 

The  body  and  fins  are  prettily  spotted  with  brown  oi'  black,  as  pictured. 

412.   [724]  Ebosia  bleekeri  (Doderlein).     £'6os/w-A;asa{70  =  Helmet-Kasago. 
A  female  specimen,  witliout  the  elevated  occipital  crest,  which  features  the 
male  of  this  species,  was  taken  at  Misaki  by  Aoki. 


JORDAN  A\D  HI'BBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  2/0 

413.   [727,  728]  Minous  monodactylus  (Bloch  and  Schneider). 
Hime-Okoze  =  Fnncess-Okoze,  or  Stinging  Fish. 
Scorpcena  77ionodactyla  Bloch  and  Schneider,  Ichth.,  1801,  ]).  194. 
Minous  monodactylus  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  IV,  1829, 

p.  424,  pi.  95,  fig.  2.— GiJNTHER,  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.  Mus.,  II,  1860,  p.  148  (with 

synonymy). — Bleeker,  Acad.  Sci.  Roy.  Amst.,  1876,  p.  64  (with  synonymy). 

— Jordan  and  Thompson,  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1914,  p.  276,  fig.  47. 
Mi7ious  adamsii  Richardson,  Voy.  Samarang,  Fishes,  1850,  p. 7. — Jordan  and 

Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVII,  1904,  p.  151. 
Minous  echigonius  Jordan  and  Starks,  /.  c,  p.  153,  fig.  14. 
Lysoderma  satsumae  Smith  and  Pope,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXXI,  1906,  p.  484,  fig.  7. 

Kobe  market  (Jordan) ;  Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Fukui 
(Nonaka). 

We  find  no  characters,  by  which  we  can  distinguish  the  Japanese  and 
Chinese  M.  adamsii  from  the  East  Indian  monodactylus.  Regan  states  that  he 
has  found  no  difference  between  Japanese  and  East  Indian  material.  Minous 
echigonius  seems  to  be  likewise  identical,  and  Lysoderma  satsumce  is  doubtless 
based  on  a  specimen  of  Minous  monodactylus,  which  had  lost  its  three  semi-free 
anterior  dorsal  spines,  as  the  type  and  only  known  specimen  of  that  nominal 
species,  as  described  and  figured,  otherwise  agrees  to  minute  details  with  normal 
specimens.  There  is  no  difference  in  scales  nor  in  the  character  of  the  anal  spines, 
features  imperfectly  described  by  authors  other  than  Smith  and  Pope. 

414.   [731]  Erosa  erosa  (Langsdorf).    Z)rtri/M;a-oA-o2e  =  Daruma-Stinger. 
Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya);  Misaki  (Aoki).     Rare. 

415.   [732]  Inimicus  japonicus  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 
(hii-okoze  =  Devil-Stinger. 
Tokyo,  Yokohama,  and  Osaka  markets   (Jordan) ;  INIikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa) ; 
Misaki  (Aoki);  Fukui  (Xonaka).    Common  in  the  markets  southward.    All  of  the 
specimens  taken  belong  to  the  dark-colored  inshore  form  {typical  japonicus). 

Genus  Hypodytes  Gi.stel. 
The  name  Hypodytes  Gistel  (1849)  should  replace  the  later  Paraceidrupogon. 

416.   [735]  Hypodytes  rubripinnis  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Ha-okose  =  ( "hief-okose. 
Kochi    (Waki^'a);    Mikawa    Bay    (M.    Ishikawa);    Misaki    (Aoki);    Toyama 
(Yoshizawa).    Very  common  southward. 


27()  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  HFA'AGRAMMID.E. 
417.    |74()]  Hexagrammos  otakii  Joi'daii  ami  Starks.    Ainame;  Abura-k()i  =  Fat  fiah. 

Hexagrammos  (iburiico  Jordan  and  Stauks,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1903,  p.  1008, 

fiS-  1. 

Sajii^oro  market  (Majima) ;  Otarii  market  (Takayasu) ;  Tokyo  market  (Jordan) ; 
Toba  (Jnidaii  and  Yamamoto) ;  Alikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa).  Generally  common 
e.specially  noi'tluvai'd. 

We  find  that  the  characters  supposed  to  distinguish  H.  ahuraco  from  II. 
otdkii  do  not  hold;  indeed,  as  Snyder  has  noted,  the  fifth  latei'al  line  of  one  side 
may  not  meet  its  fellow  {aburaco),  which  in  contrast  is  continued  forward  as  the 
median  line  of  the  breast  iotakii).  The  fourth  line  ends  at  any  place  between  the 
base  of  the  ventral  fins  and  a  point  midway  between  the  tip  of  the  ventrals  and 
the  anus. 

418.   [744]  Pleurogrammus  azonus  Jordan  and  Metz. 

Plcunxjrannnus  monopterygius  Berg,  Pise.  Mar.  Oi'ient.,   1904,  p.  71. — Tanaka, 

Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  G,  1908,  ]).  240. 
Pleurogrammus  azonus  Jordan  and  Metz,  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  VI,  1913,  p.  47,  pi.  VIII, 

fig.  2  (Korea). 

Sapporo  market  (Majima);  Otaru  market  (Takayasu). 

A  ripe  female  is  365  mm.  long;  other  specimens  are  larger. 

Dorsal  rays  XXI,  28;  anal,  26  (last  double);  depth  4.35  to  4.65;  body  with 
intlefinite  cross-mottlings,  as  shown  in  the  figure  of  the  type,  though  denied  in 
the  description  of  the  type. 

Records  of  Pleurogrammus  monopterygius  from  the  fauna  of  the  Japan  Sea 
doul)tless  refer  to  the  species  under  consideration.  This  Alaskan  species  should 
hence  be  eliminated  from  lists  of  Japanese  fishes. 

419.   [745]  Agrammus  agrammus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).     Kujime. 

Misaki  (Aoki);  Toba  market  (Joixlan  and  Yamamoto);  Nagoya  market 
(Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa).     Not  common. 

Family  ERILEPID.E. 
420.   [746]  Erilepis  zonifer  (Lockington).     A}iuni})()Zi(  =  Fat  priest. 

Shizuoka  (Jordan). 

Not  common,  reaches  a  weight  of  40  pounds,  or  more. 


JORDAN'  AXD  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1022.  277 

Family  COTTID.E. 
421.  [761]  Dasycottus  japonicus  Tanaka. 

Dasycottus  setiger  Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII, 

1913,  p.  263  (Xiigata).    (Xot  of  Bean.) 
Dasycottus  japonicus  Tanaka.  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Japan,  XVIII,  1914,  p.  308,  pi.  83, 

fig.  280  (Xiigata). 

Xoo:  Fukui  (Xonaka).  Another  specimen,  from  X'^agaoka,  Japan,  was  sent 
to  Stanford  University  by  Xakamina  several  years  ago. 

Dorsal  rays  VIII  (not  XI  as  given  by  Tanaka)-12  to  14  (counting  the  last 
ray  as  a  double  one);  anal,  12  or  13;  pectoral  23  to  25. 

On  comparison  of  material  representing  D.  japonicus  and  D.  setiger  we  find 
that  the  differences  in  the  form  of  the  body  and  the  curvature  of  the  upper  pre- 
opercular  spine,  used  by  Tanaka,  do  not  liold.  The  Japanese  species  differs, 
however,  having  the  filaments  on  the  head  fewer  and  more  scattered,  and  the 
maxillary  longer,  reaching  to  below  the  posterior  margin  of  the  orl)it. 

422.   [762]  Trachidermus  fasciatus  Meckel.   Suji-kagi-kazikn  =  ':>tv'mg-hook  Sculpin. 

A  specimen  from  Fukuoka  (Hamada)  has  only  seven  simple  rays  in  the 
pectoral  fin.  The  University  of  Michigan  has  lately  received  this  species  from 
Soo-chow.  China. 

423.   [763  and  769]  Rheopresbe  kazika  (Jordan  and  Starks). 
Tnkiiaro  =  Cascade-fish :  Kamakiri  =  Mantis-fish. 

Cottus  kazika  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  AL,  XXVII,  1904,  j).  2(35.  fig.  15 

(Xiigata). 
Rheopresbe  fujiyajna^  J ORD Ay  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXVII,  1904,  p.  270, 

fig.  16  (Odawara).— Tanaka.  Fig.  Desc.  Fi.shes  Japan,  VII,  1912,  p.  112,  pi.  28, 

figs.  110-111:  pi.  29,  figs.  115  116. 

One  specimen  collected  at  Hamada  (Wakiya). 

We  find  tluit  Cottus  kazika  and  Rheopresbe  fujiyamcc  ai-e  respectively  the 
young  and  adult  of  the  same  species.  In  the  largest  paratype  of  kazika,  as  in  our 
specimen,  the  pectoral  rays  are  already  well  bi'anched;  the  tj'pe  o{  fujiyanm,  shows 
clear  evidence  of  having  been  ]iiickly:  it  has  eight  dorsal  spines,  and  the  two 
dorsals  are  in  close  contact.  The  fact  tliat  the  type  of  R.  fujiyamce  is  a  very  large 
female,  distended  with  eggs,  accounts  for  the  abdomen  being  longer  than  in  smaller 
immature  specimens. 


278  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

424.   [7G4]  Cottus  poUux  Gunther.     A'fmA-a  =  8culpin,  Miller's  Thumb. 

Lake  Biwa  (Jordan);  Nagano  (Nakano) ;  Himeji  (Abe);  KamLshibi  near  Fukui. 

The  fin-rays  vary  considerably,  botli  individually  and  geographically,  but  we 
ai'o  unable  to  refer  our  mateiial  to  more  than  one  species.  Dorsal,  VIII  to  X-16 
to  18;  anal,  11  to  13;  pectoral,  12  to  IG;  ventral,  I,  3  or  4. 

425.   [774]  Myoxocephalus  raninus  Jordan  and  Starks. 
Gisu-kdzika  =  CJisu-Sculpin ;  Gomo-kazika  =  Trifling  Sculpin. 

Otaru  market  (Takayasu) ;  Coast  of  Rikuchu  (Awaya). 

Our  smaller  specimen  is  closely  like  the  type;  the  larger  (29.5  cm.  long  to 
caudal  fin)  likewise  agrees,  except  in  having  a  smaller  eye  (8.G  in  head). 

42G.     [783]     Ainocottus  ensiger  Jordan  and  Starks.     l'an'-A;a2:tA;a  =  Spear-sculpin. 

Ainocoltus  ensiger  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVII,  1904,  p.  283, 

fig.  23  (Hakodate). 
Ainocottus  fasciatiis  Pavlenko,  Kazani,  Trd.  Obsch.,  XLII,  1910,  p.  30. 

Kushiro  and  Nemuro  (Tanaka). 

Pavlenko's  English  diagnosis  of  his  ^4.  fasciatus  contains  nothing  to  indicate 
that  A.  fasciatus  differs  from  A.  ensiger. 

Dorsal  rays,  IX  or  X-12  to  15;  anal,  10  to  13;  pectorals,  18;  ventrals,  I,  3; 
poi'es,  38  or  39;  second  preopercular  spine,  on  one  side  of  one  specimen,  flattened 
and  bifid;  head,  2.2  to  2.3;  orbit  4.9  to  5.6;  interorbital,  6.4  to  7.4;  snout  3.6  (given 
as  2.4  in  description  of  type,  obviously  an  error). 

The  specimen  from  Kushiro  is  a  nuptial  male  and  differs  widely  from  the 
females,  which  have  hitherto  been  the  only  sex  described.  The  lower  sides  are 
marked  by  l)rilliantly  white  blotches,  as  large  as,  or  smaller  than,  the  jnipil;  the 
ventral  fins  are  black,  crossed  by  four  white  bands,  one  basal  and  one  terminal, 
the  general  color  being  that  of  the  species  of  Megalocottus.  The  nasal  spine  is 
larger  and  doubled;  the  tubercles  of  the  head  are  coarser  and  the  spines  are  more 
elevated  and  broken,  slightly  approaching  those  of  the  marine  "Oncocottus."  In 
addition  to  clusters  of  tubercular  prickles  above  and  below  the  lateral  line,  which 
are  also  present  in  the  female,  there  is  developed  just  above  the  lateral  line  an 
irregular  row  of  cup-shaped  scales,  whicli  are  armed  around  the  posterior  border 
by  a  few  strong  spines.  Pectoral  rays  3  to  10  (counting  from  top)  are  armed  along 
inner  edge,  except  toward  base,  by  very  long  strong  spines;  the  width  of  a  ray, 
including  the  sjjines,  is  about  one-fifth  of  the  lai'ge  orbit. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  279 

427.   [786]  Cottunculus  brephocephalus  Jordan  and  Starks. 
Bozu-kazika  =  Priest  8culpin  (with  allusion  to  tlie  shaven  head). 

Cottunculus  brephocephalus  Jordan  and  Starrs,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVI,  1903, 

p.  689,   fig.;  XXVII,  1904,   p.   289,  fig.   25   (8uruga   Bay).— Tanaka,  Figs. 

Desc.  Fishes  Japan,  XI,  1913,  p.  187,  pi.  51,  figs.  195  and  196. 

Two  adults  from  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Dorsal  rays,  VI,  17;  anal,  13.  Head,  2.4;  depth,  3.1,  the  back  more  elevated 
than  in  the  two  specimens  heretofore  recorded.  Color  brown,  becoming  pale 
about  nape  and  dorsal  fin,  but  elsewhere  only  very  indistinctly  marked  with 
lighter. 

428.   [788]  Gymnocanthus  intermedius  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Aokazika  =  Green  Sculpin. 

Takashima  market  (Takayasu). 
Dorsal  rays,  X,  13  or  14;  anal,  15. 

429.   [789]  Gymnocanthus  herzensteini  Jordan  and  Starks. 
TsuDuujiiru-kazika  =  Finger  Sculpin. 

Kushiro  and  Nemuro  (Tanaka). 

Dorsal,  XI  or  X-15  or  16;  anal,  17;  pores  40  or  45;  preopercular  spine  with 
four  antler-like  hooks  above,  those  most  anterior  small  on  one  side  of  one  specimen; 
the  tip  of  the  spine  proper  bifid  on  one  side  only;  the  two  most  posterior  hooks 
are  imperfectly  divided  in  one  specimen,  the  posterior  one  directed  upward  along 
the  side  of  the  anterior  one  on  one  side,  but  directly  backward  on  the  other  side, 
so  as  to  be  overlapped  by  the  tip  of  tlie  spine  proper.  Head,  2.8  or  3.0  in  length; 
orbit,  4.2  or  4.3  in  head;  interorbital,  10.7  or  11.4;  snout,  3.7  or  3.9;  upper  jaw,  2.3. 

430.   [792]  Cottiusculus  gonez  Schmidt. 

Toyama  (Yoshizawa);  Fukui  (Nonaka). 

The  fish  described  and  figured  by  Pavlenko  (1910)  as  ''  Blennicottus  globiceps 
var.  bryosus"  from  the  Bay  of  Peter  the  Great  on  the  Asiatic  mainland  is  utterly 
unlike  Blennicottus  globiceps.  It  may  be  Cottiusculus  gonez,  or  a  related  and 
perhaps  undescribed  species. 

Two  of  our  eight  specimens  from  tlie  Sea  of  Japan  have  the  nasal  spines 
double  and  thus  agree  with  the  types  of  C.  schmidti  from  Matsushima  Bay,  which 
consistently  show  this  cliaracter,  but  do  not  differ  in  any  other  appreciable  way. 
The  statement  that  the  gill-membranes  of  C.  schmidti  do  not  form  a  wide  fold  is 
not  true,  the  error  aiising  from  the  fact  that  all  of  the  types  had  the  head  greatly 


280  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

distorted  in  preservation.     We  await  the  collection  of  inoic  material  from  tlie 
east  coast  of  Japan  before  passing  on  the  validity  of  C.  schmidti. 
Dorsal  soft  rays,  10  to  12;  anal  rays,  9  to  12. 

431 .  [795  and  806]  Alcichthys  alcicornis  (Herzenstein) .    Nizi-kazika  =  Sham  Sculpin. 
Bcro  zanclus  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XL,  1911,  p.  540;  XLII,  1912,  pi.  56,  fig.  2. 

Otaru  market  (Takayasu) ;  Noo;  Nemuro  (Tanaka). 

Bero  ztmchis  is  based  on  a  half-grown  specimen  of  this  si)ecies,  in  which  the 
preopercular  s])ine  had  not  yet  developed  tlie  flat  pi'ocess  on  its  i)osterior  edge. 
With  age  tliis  added  si)ine  l)reaks  u])  into  two,  or  occasionally  as  many  as  six 
separate  points. 

In  twelve  specimens  the  fin-i-ays  vary  as  follows:  dorsal,  IX  or  X-14  or  15; 
anal,  13  or  14  (the  last  ray  doiil)led  in  both  fins);  pectorals,  15  to  17.  Pores  in 
lateral  line,  35  to  38.  Head,  2.6  to  2.8;  dei)th,  4.9  to  5.4,  about  equal  to  greatest 
width  of  body;  orbit,  4.3  to  4.6;  bony  interorbital  width,  14.5  to  17;  snout,  3.75  to 
4.0;  upper  jaw,  2.0  to  2.1;  least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  5.1  to  5.7. 

The  color-pattern  may  consist  solely  of  bars  cut  by  half  circles  of  the  ground- 
color, or  of  bars  plus  numerous  rounded  whitish  spots  chiefly  developed  below  the 
lateral  line. 

Genus  Furcina  Jordan  and  Starks. 

Furcina  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVII,  1904,  p.  303. 

Ventral  rays  I,  2;  body  smooth,  exce])t  for  a  few  prickles  along  the  lateral  line 
anteriorly,  and  between  these  and  the  pectoral  fin;  penis  trilobate,  as  in  Pseudo- 
hlennius;  teeth  in  bands  in  jaws,  vomer,  and  jialatines;  preopercular  si^ines  four, 
the  first  strong,  turned  ujjwaixl,  forked,  the  second  well  developed  and  sharp,  near 
the  base  of  first,  the  third  rudimentary  or  obsolete,  the  fourth  very  small,  turned 
downward;  a  fringed  flap  on  upi)er  orbital  rim,  and  a  simple  or  slightly  divided 
flap  at  nape. 

432.   [796]  Furcina  ishikawae  Jordan  and  Starks. 

433.   [797]  Furcina  osimae  Jordan  and  Starks. 

Tliis  species  differs  widel.y  from  the  type-species  in  lui\'iiig  the  first  pi-eopercular 
spine  widely  forked,  instead  of  very  narrowly  divided  at  tij)  (or,  rarely,  even 
simple) ;  the  second  preopercular  spine  shorter  and  weaker,  not  tuiued  upward, 
smaller,  instead  of  larger,  than  either  fork  of  the  first  spine;  the  fin-rays  fewer, 
16  or  17  in  the  second  dorsal,  instead  of  18  to  20,  and  13  or  14,  rather  than  16  or 
17,  in  the  anal  fin  (in  each  case  the  last  ray  was  counted  as  doubled). 

Neither  species  of  Furcina  is  represented  in  the  pi'esent  collection. 


.loHDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1!)22.  281 

434.   [SOU]  Pseudoblennius  percoides  Gunther.    Auahaze  =  ¥[o\v  ii()])y. 

Tatoku  Island  (Mikimoto);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  Misaki  (Aokij. 
Common  southward. 

435.   |S()1]  Pseudoblennius  japonicus  Stcindachnor. 
Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Mikawa  liay  (Ishikawa);  Alisaki  (Aoki). 

436.  [8()7J  Vellitor  centropomus  (Richardson).    .S(//  =  Fop. 

Misaki  (Aoki).  Common  at  times  about  Misaki  and  soutiiward,  remarkable 
for  its  slender,  pointed  head,  unlike  that  of  other  Sculpins. 

Family  PARABEMBRADID^. 
Genus  Parabembras  Bleeker. 

The  genus  Parabembrns,  which  appears  to  be  the  sole  member  of  a  shari)ly 
distinguished  family',  has  never  been  adequately  characterized.  It  differs 
trenchantly  from  Bembras  and  other  Bembrids  in  retaining  the  three  strong  anal 
spines,  which  are  characteristic  of  the  Scorpcenidcc  in  general,  also  distinct  nasal 
spines,  and  a  more  extensive  squamation  of  the  head.  It  is  specialized  in  tlie 
development  of  two  spines  at  the  front  of  the  second  doi'sal  fin,  which  is  completely 
separated  from  the  first. 

The  Parabembradickc  are  essentially  intermediate  l^etween  the  Scorpanirhc 
and  the  Bembradidcc. 

437.  [823]  Parabembras  curtus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Uba-goshi  =  Nurse-kochi. 

A  single  specimen  was  found  in  the  Osaka  mai'ket  (Jordan). 

Dorsal,  IX-II,  7;  anal.  III,  5;  pectoral,  22;  ventrals,  I,  5;  caudal,  16  (15 
branched);  pores  in  lateral  line  to  base  of  caudal  37;  scale-rows,  4-37-8.  Head, 
2.4;  depth,  5.15  in  length  to  caudal.  Orbit,  3.7;  interorbital,  16;  snout,  3.9;  upper 
jaw,  2.95;  least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  4.35  in  head  fi-om  {'ly)  of  snout  to  end  of 
long  opercular  membrane.  The  dorsal  contour  rises  in  a  vQvy  gently  concave 
curve  from  the  tip  of  the  sharply  pointed  snout  to  the  origin  of  the  dorsal,  the 
curve  being  barely  broken  by  tlie  premaxillary  processes;  the  contour  is  then 
concave  between  the  origins  of  the  two  dorsal  fins,  and  from  the  origin  of  the 
second  dorsal  to  the  upj^er  edge  of  the  deep  compressed  caudal  peduncle;  the 
ventral  profile  is  a  gentle  curve  from  the  tij)  of  the  strongly  projecting  mandible 
to  the  caudal  fin.     The  width  and  depth  of  l:)ody  are  about  equal  at  base  of 


282  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

pectorals,  hut  behind  this  point  the  body  becomes  more  and  more  compressed, 
while  before  this  jioint  the  head  becomes  flatter  toward  the  greatly  depressed 
snout,  which  is  only  half  as  high  as  wide  at  front  of  orbit.  Orbit  directed  upward 
more  than  outward.  As  viewed  from  above  the  mai'gin  of  the  snout  forms  an 
arch  wider  than  a  semicircle,  evenly  rounded,  except  at  the  truncate  tip,  and 
broken  posteriorly  l')y  two  very  long  strong  spines,  of  which  the  posterior  is  the 
lower.  The  suborbital  ridge  forms  a  wing-like  edge,  armed  with  three  or  four 
huge,  sharp-edged  spines  in  line  with  the  even  larger  spine  at  the  preopercular 
angle;  above  the  spine  the  preopercular  margin  is  weakly  concave,  below  the  spine 
it  is  strongly  convex  and  entirely  smooth;  the  interopercle,  but  not  the  preopercle, 
ends  in  a  spine;  the  two  faint  diverging  opercular  ridges  end  in  weak  spines,  the 
upper  the  longer  and  the  stronger;  the  nasal  spines  are  closely  approximate  and 
not  strong;  the  edge  of  the  flattish  interorbital  is  armed  with  six  moderately 
elevated  spines,  not  counting  one  in  the  front  and  two  on  the  posterior  orbital 
margin;  of  the  latter  two  the  lower  is  near  the  anterior  end  of  a  ridge,  which  ends 
in  a  single  or  double  spine  at  the  upper  end  of  the  preopercular  margin;  the  parietal 
spine  is  weak,  terminating  a  very  faint  ridge;  a  ridge  borders  the  lower  edge  of 
the  acute  scapular  process  and  ends  in  a  strong  spine;  behind  this  a  few  of  the 
most  anterior  scales  of  the  lateral  line  are  weakly  armed.  Opercular  region  flat- 
tish; viewed  from  in  fi-ont  the  head  is  hexagonal  in  outline,  with  tlie  dorsal  and 
lateral  margins  about  twice  as  wide  as  the  two  lateral  faces  of  each  side.  ]Maxillary 
extending  to  lielow  front  of  jjujiil;  its  upper  edge  ensheathed  by  the  sharp  lower 
edge  of  the  narrow  suborbital;  its  posterior  margin  strongly  emarginate,  with  the 
lower  angle  produced  ventrad  and  mesad  as  a  rounded  lobe.  The  minute  teeth 
form  moderate  bands  on  the  jaws;  posteriorly  the  entire  premaxillary,  anteriorly 
the  entire  mandibular  band,  are  exposed;  the  vomerine  teeth  form  two  narrow^ 
lobes  widely  divergent  from  a  common  base  at  front  of  vomer;  the  palatine  teeth, 
also  small,  are  on  a  greatly  elongate,  elevated  ridge,  ending  anteriorly  opposite 
the  posterior  ends  of  the  vomerine  band.  The  gill-opening  is  free  to  below  front  of 
orbit ;  seven  branchiostegals ;  shoulder-girdle  forming  a  sharp  bony  ridge ;  slit 
behind  last  gill-arch  not  as  wide  as  pupil;  gill-rakers  6-|-ll,  counting  a  few  rudi- 
ments above  and  below.  Dorsal  spines  strong,  diverging  at  wide  angles  anteriorly; 
first  dorsal  evenly  rounded  in  both  directions  from  the  fifth  spine,  which  is  con- 
tained 2.6  times  in  the  head;  both  first  and  last  spines  small.  Dorsals  separated 
by  an  interspace  about  half  as  long  as  orbit.  First  spine  of  second  dorsal  strong 
and  nearly  as  long  as  the  first  and  longest  soft  ray  (which  is  branched),  longer  and 
much  heavier  tlian  the  second  spine,  contained  3.25  times  in  the  head.    Anal  spines 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   11122.  283 

strong  and  divergent,  when  depressed;  second  anal  spine  more  than  twice  as  long 
as  the  first,  longer  than  the  third  (and  also  stronger),  alioiit  two-thirds  as  long  as 
the  second,  or  first  branched  ray  of  the  five  soft  rays,  and  contained  4.6  times  in 
the  head.  Pectoral  reaching  to  above  anus,  its  length  being  contained  1.65  times 
in  head;  its  lower  margin  nearly  parallel  with,  and  about  half  as  long  as,  upper, 
when  the  fin  is  not  stretched;  lower  rays  simple,  but  not  stronger,  thickened,  nor 
detached.  Ventral  fin  lying  flat  and  horizontal  along  the  lower  pectoral  margin; 
the  moderately  strong  spine  is  contained  1.8  times  in  total  length  of  the  fin,  which 
measures  2.2  times  in  head;  the  fin  does  not  reach  the  anus,  which  is  in  advance 
of  anal  fin  a  distance  contained  2.2  times  in  orbit;  base  of  ventral  a  little  in  advance 
of  tliat  of  the  pectoral,  as  in  Bemhras.  The  caudal  fin  very  slightly  and  sym- 
metrically rounded.  Scales  large,  evenly  arranged,  and  rounded,  tlieir  margins 
very  weakly  ctenoid.  On  the  head  the  scales  extend  forward  dorsalh'  to  the 
nostrils,  being  uniserially  arranged  along  the  interorbital  laterally  to  the  orbit, 
and  ventrally  to  below  the  end  of  the  maxillary.  Lateral  line  nearly  straight 
from  its  origin  at  upper  end  of  gill-opening  to  the  middle  of  caudal  peduncle, 
thence  between  the  seventh  ray  from  the  bottom  and  the  ninth  from  the  top,  to 
the  end  of  the  caudal  fin. 

Body  pale  amber-color,  with  dark  scale-margins  dorsally,  but  otherwise  un- 
marked; fins  whitish. 

Pyloric  cseca  present.    Eggs  minute.    No  air-bladder. 

Family  BEIMBRADID.E. 

In  our  opinion  the  Bembradidce,  which  are  intimately  connected  witli  the 
Scorpcenidfv  thi'ough  the  Parabembridoe,  represent  a  family  distinct  from,  and 
possibly  not  even  directly  related  to,  the  still  more  aben-ant  Platycephalidxv.  We 
cannot  therefore  agree  with  Regan,'"  who  has  united  the  two  groups. 

438.    [821]    Bembras  japonicus  C'uvier  and  Valenciennes.     Aka-gochi  =  Red  Kochi. 

Osaka  market  (Jordan);  Kochi  (Wakiya) ;  Misaki  (Aoki). 

We  here  give  a  re-description  of  this  rare  species:  Dorsal,  XI,  I,  11;  anal,  14; 
pectoral,  17;  ventral,  I,  5;  caudal,  14  (12  branched);  pores  55  in  lateral  line,  slightly 
fewer  than  the  number  of  oblicjue  scale-rows.  Head,  2.9;  depth,  about  8  in  length 
to  caudal.  Orbit,  4.0;  interorbital,  15.0;  snout,  2.9;  ui)per  jaw,  2.6;  kvist  depth 
of  caudal  peduncle,  6.5  in  head.  Tip  of  snout  sharp,  the  i^remaxillary  and  its 
process  entering  the  dorsal  contour,  which  from  behind  the  j^rocess  ascends  in  a 
gentle  curve  (broken  only  by  the  su])erorbital  serrations  and  the  paiietal  spine) 

'"  Regan,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hi.st.  (8)  XI,  1913,  pp.  171,  177. 


284  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CAKNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

to  ()i'it;iii  of  (loi'sal,  from  which  it  (Icscciids  gradually  to  tiic  moderately  attenuate 
caudal  iH'duticle;  ventral  contouf  nearly  sti'aij^ht.  Head  sli<i;litly  d(>|)i-essed,  its 
lenfi;th  at  occiput  1.2  in  the  j^reatest  width,  its  (lei)th  oi)])osite  fi'ont  of  oi-hit  1.3  in 
width  at  (he  same  \'ertical;  oi'hit  directed  e(iually  outward  and  u])ward.  No 
nasal  spiiu's;  snout  .subspatulate  when  viewed  from  above,  the  sharj)  lateral  marf;in 
of  preoibital  with  three  spines  increasing'  in  strength  backward,  the  last  concealing 
the  up])er  edge  of  the  maxillary;  the  sharp  suborbital  stay  also  entering  the  lateral 
profile,  armed  by  foui'  long  spines  dii'ccted  backwai'd,  the  first  two  below  the 
margin  of  the  ]:)U])il,  the  third  below  i^osterior  orbital  I'im,  and  the  fourth  at  front 
of  preopercle;  strongest  jireopercular  spine  in  line  with  these  suborbital  spines,  its 
length  measured  from  fi'ont  of  ]>reopercle  tw'O-fifths  that  of  eye;  two  somewhat 
smaller  and  flatter  spines  directly  below  the  strongest  one;  from  the  lower  of  these 
two  the  jireopercular  mai'gin,  armed  by  one  or  two  obtuse  angles,  curves  abruptly 
forward;  one  interopercular,  one  i^reopereular,  and  two  opercular  spines,  forming  a 
series  increasing  in  strength  upwaixl;  two  strong  opercular  spines  terminating  two 
keeled  ridges  arising  together  near  fi-ont  of  opercle,  a  strong  spine  on  front  of 
orbit,  and  s(>ven  to  ten  oblique  sei'rations  along  the  parallel  sides  of  the  deeply 
concave,  three-grooved  iiitei'oi-bital;  a  lidge  from  eye  to  ui)i)er  edge  of  preopercle 
terminating  in  a  spin(>  followed  by  a  similar  sj^ne;  thix'e  ridges  converging  to  spiny 
tips  at  origin  of  lateral  line;  the  five  anterior  scales  of  the  lateral  line  bearing 
spined  keels;  toj)  of  snout  ridged;  o):>ercular  region  and  cheeks  below  the  suborbital 
ridge  tumid;  maxillary  extending  a  little  beyond  the  front  margin  of  orbit;  its 
wide  posterior  edge  emarginate;  jaws  about  equal  anteriorly,  but  the  mandibles 
nari'ower  than  the  snout,  so  that  the  band  of  premaxillary  teeth  is  almost  entirely 
exposed  in  ventral  aspect;  outermost  iu'emaxillary  teeth  slightly  enlarged;  mandi- 
bular teeth  somewhat  smaller  and  in  a  nari'ower  band  than  those  on  the  pre- 
maxillary; vomerine  teeth  small,  in  two  widely  divergent  bands  connected  anteriorly 
by  a  narrow  half-ring  of  teeth;  palatine  teeth  similar,  on  a  very  narrow,  sharply 
elevated,  and  greatly  elongate  ridge;  no  mandibular  barbel;  gill-opening  extending 
forward  to  below  end  of  gape;  seven  branchiostegals;  edge  of  shoulder-girdle  with 
an  oblique  bony  ridge;  last  gill-slit  about  as  wide  as  pupil;  gill-rakers  slender  at 
angle,  1-f  9  in  number,  not  counting  bare  rudiments,  which  do  not  grade  into  the 
developed  raker.  No  pyloric  coeca.  Dorsal  spines  heteracanthous,  but  not  widely 
divergent,  high,  the  first  3.5  the  third  and  highest  2.2  in  head,  the  others  graduated 
to  the  last,  which  is  well  sejxu'ated  l)y  meml)i'ane  from  the  first  soft  ray;  spine  at 
front  of  second  dorsal,  4.9  in  head;  caudal  barely  emarginate,  the  upper  edge 
longer  than  the  lower.    Pectoral  with  a  pi'oduced  lobe  and  a  rounded  lower  margin, 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  285 

composed  of  seventeen  rays,  of  which  tlie  Iowcm'  five  ai'e  iiiihianched  and  sonicwhat 
thickened  distally;  venti-al  fins  lying  flat  and  horizontal  against  the  body  next  to 
the  lower  edge  of  the  peduncle,  and  curved,  not  reaching  the  anus;  l)ase  of  ventrals 
a  little  in  advance  of  that  of  pectorals;  length  of  pectoral,  1.7  of  ventral,  2.0  in 
head.  Anus  close  to  anal  fin.  Scales  sharply  ctenoid,  on  tlic  head  extending 
forward  only  to  the  orl)it,  covering  all  of  the  opercles,  excepting  the  preopercular 
I'im  and  the  cheeks  below  the  suborbital  stay. 

Body  pale  yellow,  witli  a  trace  of  a  darker  lateral  streak;  the  ui)per  sides 
anteriorly  and  the  lateral  line  are  marked  witli  blackish  spots;  dorsal  fins  marked 
with  round  black  spots;  anal  clear  in  one  specimen,  but  in  another  with  a  black 
blotch  at  the  base  of  each  interradial  membrane;  i)ectoral  streaked  with  blown 
medially;  caudal  with  upper  edge  dark  and  with  a  bi'oad  subterminal  bar  rounded 
off  ventrall}'  and  there  intensified  to  form  a  large  and  conspicuous  black  spot. 
Young,  10.5  cm.  long,  have  the  color-markings  more  intense,  the  black  spots 
generally  distributed  over  the  upper  two-thirds  of  the  body  and  head,  becoming 
faint  on  the  snout;  a  dark  cross-shade  under  the  middle  of  each  dorsal  fin,  and  at 
the  base  of  the  caudal;  spinous  dorsal  with  a  large  dark  blotch  on  its  anterior 
half,  while  the  posterior  half  is  spotted  like  the  second  dorsal;  anal  and  ventrals 
immaculate;  the  caudal,  in  addition  to  the  markings  described  for  the  adult,  with 
two  darker  spots  near  base  and  a  black  spot  on  lower  margin;  pectoral  liandcd 
with  brown  spots  above,  and  heavily  marked  with  black  dashes  ventrally,  tlie 
lowest  two  rays  clear.  Lateral  line  spiny  at  front,  running  not  far  above  midtUe 
of  sides  of  body,  but  rather  high  on  front  of  caudal  ])eduncle;  then  near  base  of 
caudal  bent  downward,  and  running  out  to  end  of  caudal  along  upper  edge  of  the 
fifth  main  caudal  ray  as  counted  from  the  lower  edge  of  the  fin. 

Family  PLATYCEPHALID.E. 

Key  to  J.^panese  Genera  of  Platvcei'haijd.e. 

a.   Head  moderately  depressed,   with  strong  ridges  and  high  sharp  spines;  only  one  enlarged  sjnne  on 
jireopereular  margin;  vomerine  teeth  in  two  parallel  longitudinal  hands"'*;  palatine  teeth  in  a  band. 
6.    (OnigociiTHE  subfani.  nov.)     Prcopercle  without  an  antrorse  spine. 

c.  Side  of  head  unicarinate;  infraorljital  ridge  armed  liy  close-set  serrations;  a  rather  strong  antrorse 

spine  on  preorhital  margin;  orbit  with  a  developed  cirrhus;  scales  large,  the  pores  in  the  lateral 

line  fewer  than  40. 

d.  Scales  of  lateral  line  with  weak  basal  keels  anteriorly,  but  everywhere  without  spines;  antorliital 

margin  without  small  serrations,  armed  by  a  single  spine;  jiosterior  half  only  of  superciliary 

ridge  serrate;  ventral  fins  of  moderate  length,  not  exten(lc(l  to  urigin  cjf  anal. 

Oiilgocia^^'  (nKirrolcpis). 

The  two  bands  are  joined  together  anteriorly  (as  an  abnormal  variation  ?)  in  one  sjiecinien  of 
Incgocin  jnponica). 

"^  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLVI,  191.3,  p.  70. 


286  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

(/(/.   Scales  of  lateral  line  strongly  spined  anteriorly,  weakly  spinet!  posteriorly;  antorbital  margin 
with  serrations  in  addition  to  a  strong  spine;  entire  length  of  superciliary  ridge  serrate;  ventral 

fins  elongate,  reaching  beyond  anal Wnkiyus^^^  {spinosus)_ 

cc.  (Inegociince,  subfam.  nov.)  Side  of  head  bicarinate;  infraorliital  ridge  armed  by  well-spaced 
serrations;  no  strengthened  antrorse  spine  on  preorbital;  orbit  without  a  cirrhus;  scales  of 
moderate  to  small  size.  Scales  of  lateral  line  largely  smooth,  becoming  weakly  spined  toward 
the  head. 

e.  .\11  minor  ridges  of  head  denticulate  or  granulate;  lowermost  of  the  three  preopercular  spines 
strong,  and  persistent  at  all  ages.  Teeth  villiform,  non-depressible,  in  narrow  bands; 
infraorbital  ridge  with  four  to  six  scarcely  differentiated  spines  between  preorbital  and 
preopercular  spines;  a  well  defined  ridge  between  orbit  and  occiput;  inner  edge  of  pre- 
maxillary  produced  inward  and  backward  as  a  thick  inflexible  lobe;  opercular  margin  with 
a  membranous  flap  below  preopercular  spines;  no  orbital  cirrhus. 

Insidiatnr^^'  (meerdervoorti) . 
ee.   Ridges  of  head  devoid  of  fine  denticulations  or  granulations;  lowermost  of  the  three  pre- 
opercular spines  small,  becoming  obsolete  with  age. 
/.  Teeth  villiform,  little  specialized,  becoming  granular  with  age  (especially  in  Inegocia); 
infra  ridge  with  but  two  spines  behind  one  on  preorbital,  the  second  turned  upward;  a 
well-defined  ridge  between  orbit  and  occiput ;  inner  edge  of  premaxillary  dilated  inward 
and  backward  as  a  thick  inflexible  lobe. 
g.  Opercular  margin  with  a  membranous  flap  below  preopercular  spines;  spine  near  center 
of  preorbital  obsolete  (very  rarely  developed  on  one  side);  main  preopercular  spine 
short,  about  one-third  as  long  as  orbit,  or  shorter;  twelve  soft  rays  in  dorsal  and  anal. 

Inegocia^^^  (japonica). 

gg.  Opercular  margin  without  a  membranous  flap;  a  sharp  spine  constantly  present  on 

preorbital;  main  preopercular  spine  of  moderate  length,  about  two-fifths  as  long  as 

orbit;  eleven  rays  in  dorsal  and  anal Coa'jis"'  (crocodilus). 

ff.  Teeth  highly  specialized,  resembling  those  of  a  Synodus;  those  of  upper  jaw  canine-like 
and  depressible  in  a  wide  lobe  anteriorly,  minute  and  granular,  except  on  innermost  row 
on  sides  of  jaws;  vomerine  teeth  few,  enlarged,  very  sharp  and  depressible;  palatine  teeth 
sharp,  enlarged,  and  depressible  along  innermost  row;  infraorbital  ridge  with  numerous 
differentiated  spines,  one  on  preorbital,  two  below  front  of  eye  (the  posterior  one  en- 
larged), three  below  posterior  part  of  orbit,  the  last  very  strong,  and  turned  upward,  and 
followed  by  three  small  spines;  no  continuous  ridge  from  orbit  to  occiput;  inner  edge  of 
premaxillary  expanded  inward,  but  not  backward,  as  a  thin  and  flexible  lobe. 

Ratubulus^'"  (inegacephnliis). 

bb.   (Rogadiince  subfam.  nov.)     Preopercle  with  a  very  strong  antrorse  spine  on  lower  margin;  orbit 

without  cirrhus;  ridges  of  head  armed  by  close-set  serrations  or  granulations;  sides  of  head  uni- 

carinate;  opercular  margin  without  membranous  flap Rogadius  (a-iper). 

aa.  (Platycephalina).  Head  greatly  depressed,  with  feeljle  ridges  and  spines;  two  enlarged  spines  on 
preopercular  margin;  vomerine  teeth  in  a  transverse  bilobed  band;  palatine  teeth  uniserial;  opercular 
margin  with  a  membranous  flap Platycephahts  (indicus). 

"*  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  new  genus  (Type:  Plalycephahis  spinosux  Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

'"  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXIII,  1900,  p.  368. 

"'  Jordan  and  Thompson,  loc.  cit.,  p.  70. 

"'  Cocius  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  new  genus;  Orthotype,  Platycephaluf;  crocuditus  Tilesius. 

'""  Ratabulus  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  new  genus;  Orthotype,  Thysanophrys  megacephahix  Tanaka. 


JORDAN  A.XD  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   11122.  287 

439.   [816]  Onigocia  macrolepis  ( Blocker) . 
Anesagochi  =  Elder  Kochi;  0)tigochi  =  DL'\il  Kochi. 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

440.   [815]  Wakiyus  spinosus  (Tcmminck  and  Schlegel). 

This  is  tlie  only  Japanese  species  of  the  family  not  represented  in  the  j^resent 
collection.     \\v  have  examined  material  previously  recorded. 

441.    [818]   Insidiator  meerdervoorti  (Bleeker) .    Megochi  =  Big-eye  Kochi. 

Wakanoura  (Yamamoto) ;  Tol)a  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Kobe  and 
Yokohama  markets  (Jordan);  ^Nlikawa  Bay  (Ishikawa);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ; 
Miyazu,  Xoo. 

Dorsal  soft  rays,  10  to  12,  usually  11;  anal,  11. 

The  closely  related  Insidiator  detrusus  represents  this  species  on  the  Chinese 
coast.    ^V9  have  re-examined  the  type  of  that  species. 

442.   [817]  Inegocia  japonica  (Tilesius).     roA-«(/e-A'oc/?i  =  Lizard  Kochi. 

Wakanoura  (Yamamoto) ;  Tokj'o  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan) ;  Kagoshima 
Bay  (Wakiya);  Misaki  (Aoki);  Miyazu. 

443.   [819]  Cocius  crocodilus  (Tilesius).    /??r(7or///  =  Rice  Kochi. 

Tokj'o  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan) ;  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  iSIikawa 
Bay  (Ishikawa);  Fukuoka  (Hamada);  ^liyazu;  Xoo. 

444.  Ratabulus  megacephalus  (Tanaka).     i/aname-^oc/u' =  Flower-e3"e  Kochi. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya). 

Mr.  M.  Kasawa  has  given  us  the  following  translation  of  Tanaka's  original 
description,  pul)lished  in  Japanese: 

'Head,  2.56  in  length  of  body  without  caudal  fin;  dejith  8.5.  Eye.  5.2  in  head; 
interorbital  space,  13;  snout,  3;  maxillary,  3.33;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  8.66; 
depth  of  head,  4.66;  width  of  head,  2.  Dorsal,  IX-11;  anal,  12;  pectoral,  20, 
seven  lower  rays  unbranched;  caudal,  13  branched  rays.  Scales  71  from  gill- 
opening  to  base  of  caudal  counting  downward  and  backward;  98  counting  down- 
ward and  forward;  scales  in  transverse  series  15-31  counting  downward  and 
backward,  10-23  counting  downward  and  forward;  preopei'cle  with  two  spines;  no 
tentacle  on  eye.  Caudal  fin  somewhat  rounded;  pectoral  reaching  to  midtlle  of 
length  of  ventral;  ventral  to  base  of  anal.  Interorbital  width  2.5  in  diameter  of 
eye;  eye  1.75  in  snout;  snout  1.5  in  postorbital. 


288  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNECilE  MUSEUM. 

Color  dark  gray,  tlie  head,  liody,  doisal,  pectoral,  ventral,  and  caudal  fins 
with  small  black  spots;  the  spots  a  little  larger  than  elsewhere  on  the  first  dorsal 
and  caudal;  front  margin  of  first  dorsal  with  a  dark  blotch;  margin  of  caudal  with 
dark  streaks  (not  spots);  anal  fin  without  streaks,  but  with  a  dark  margin  pos- 
teriorly, and  a  pale  white  margin  anteriorly. 

The  type  was  found  in  the  Tokyo  market,  where  the  species  is  not  uncommon. 
Length  313  mm.  from  tip  of  snout  to  base  of  caudal.  It  is  characterized  by  its 
long  head,  the  proportionate  width  and  depth  of  the  head  and  the  long  snout.' 

445.  [820]  Rogadius  asper  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 
Matsub(i-</(ichi  =  Pine  Kochi. 

Kagoshima  (Wakiya). 

44G.    [814]    Platycephalus  indicus  (Linnaais).     Kochi;  Makochi  =  True  Kochi. 

Tokyo  market,  Mikawa.  Fukuoka,  Osaka,  Kobe,  Yokoyama,  Toba.  Every- 
where  common  in  southern  Japan.  The  largest  species,  constantly  in  the  markets. 
We  have  also  a  specimen  from  Soo-chow,  China,  sent  by  Dr.  Cora  D.  Reeves. 

Family  HOPLICHTHYID.E. 

447.   [824]  Hoplichthys  langsdorfi  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 

AWitsuhari-goclii  =  Summer  Needle-kochi. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya);  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Jordan  and  Thompson  have  given  a  useful  analysis  of  the  Japanese  species  of 
Hoplichthys. 

Family  TRIGLID.E. 
448.   [827]  Chelidonichthys  kumu  ( Lesson  and  Garnot) .     //o6o  =  Gurnard. 

Tokyo  and  Osaka  markets  (Jordan) ;  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Tatoku 
Island  (Mikimoto);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  Choshi  (C.  Ishikawa);  Toyama 
(Yoshizawa) ;  Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Miyazu. 

Dorsal  IX-15  or  16;  anal,  14  or  15  (the  last  ray  doubled).  Interorbital  width, 
6.4  to  7.4  in  length  of  head. 

449    [829]  Lepidotrigla  alata  (Houttuyn).     //o(it77'  =  Gurnard. 

Tokyo,  Shizuoka,  and  Osaka  markets  (Jordan). 
Dorsal,  IX,  15  or  16;  (last  branched);  scales  of  lateral  line  60. 
Inner  surface  of  pectoral  fin  violet  blackish,  except  on  the  uppermost  and 
three  lowermost  rays,  which  aic  whitish;  a  large  lemon-yellow  blotch  medially. 
A  ripe  female  is  163  mm.  long  to  caudal. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  289 

450.   [830]  Lepidotrigla  giintheri  Hilgendoi-f.     Kanado. 

Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Tokyo  market  (Jordan) ;  Toyama  (S.  Yoshizawa) ;  Fukui. 

Dorsal,  VIII-15;  anal,  14  narcly)  or  15  (the  last  ray  as  double);  the  last 
dorsal  spine  very  small  in  one  specimen.  Inner  surface  of  pectoral  fin  red  at  base, 
yello\nsh  on  the  first  upper  and  lowermost  three  rays,  dusky  or  olive  elsewhere, 
becoming  blotched  dorsally  and  inky  black,  witli  fewer  or  moi-e  bright  blue 
streaks,  ventrally. 

Young,  about  6  cm.  long  to  caudal,  have  the  head  rouglier,  with  stronger 
spines,  but  show  the  specific  characters  as  well  as  do  the  adults.  They  show  an 
irregular  doul)k>  dark  band  under  each  dorsal  fin.  and  a  basal  and  broader  sub- 
terminal  band  on  the  caudal. 

451.     [832]    Lepidotrigla  japonica  (Bleekerj.     Toge-kanagushira  =  Thoni  Gurnard. 

Yokohama  and  Tokyo  markets  (Jordan):  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ; 
Wakanoura  (Yamamoto);  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa). 
One  hundred  and  twenty  specimens  in  all.    \'ery  common  southward. 

•Scales  about  55  to  end  of  last  vertebra.  The  rostral  lobes  are  strongly  spinous 
in  many  individuals,  pai'ticularly  large  ones.  Color  red  in  formaUn,  with  a  greenish 
tinge  dorsally. 

452.   [833]  Lepidotrigla  strauchi  Steindachner.     Kanagashira  =  Gurunrd. 

Tokyo  and  Osaka  markets  (Jordan) ;  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Toyama 
(S.  Yoshizawa) ;  Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Miyazu. 

With  age  the  dorsal  spot,  black  in  the  young,  becomes  faint.  Inner  surface 
of  pectoral  dusky,  except  on  the  first  upper  and  lowermost  three  rays,  which  are 
yellow;  the  dusky  color  often  becoming  black  on  a  l)l()teh  located  mediovent rally 
where  the  rays  show  bluish  white  spots. 

453.   [834]  Lepidotrigla  abyssalis  Jordan  and  8tarks. 

Misaki  (Aoki). 

Dorsal  rays,  VIII,  14  or  15;  anal,  14  or  15.  The  uppermost  detached  pectoral 
ray  may  not  reach  the  ventral  tip,  though  not  falling  so  far  short  as  in  L.  strauchi. 
The  anterior  profile  of  the  snout,  as  seen  from  above,  may  be  gently  concave. 
Inner  side  of  pectoral  smutty  black,  unspotted,  except  on  the  uppermost  ray  and 
lowermost  three  ravs. 


290  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

454.  |831]  Lepidotrigla  kishinouyi  Snyder. 

MLsaki  (Aoki).    A  single  specimen  agreeing  w(>ll  with  a  paratype. 

Dorsal,  ^'111-16;  anal,  16,  counting  the  last  ray  as  double  (the  paratype  has 
\'III-16  dorsal  and  15  anal  rays).  Inner  side  of  pectoral  fin  dusky,  except  for  the 
pale  uppermost  and  lowermost  three  rays,  becoming  black  in  a  bright  l)lue  spotted 
blotch  ventrally. 

We  do  not  fe(>l  certain  of  the  relationships  or  even  the  validity  of  this  species. 

Family  DACTYLOPTERID.E. 

455.  [840]  Daicocus  peterseni  (Nystrom). 
Hoshi-se mi-hobo  =  Star  Cicada-gurnard. 

Misaki  (Aoki). 

Our  eleven  young  specimens  seem  referable  to  this  species;  52  to  76  mm.  long 
to  caudal  fin. 

The  head  is  contained  2.9  to  3.1  times  in  the  standard  length;  the  snout,  eye, 
and  postoi'bital  are  each  about  eciual.  The  body  is  spotted  as  in  the  adult,  but  is 
further  marked  with  broad  diffuse  bars  below  each  dorsal  fin. 

Family  AGONID^. 

Key  to  Genera  Confused  with  Occa. 

a.   Dorsal  spines  7  to  10;  pectoral  fin  narrow,  rounded  (with  14  or  15  rays);  ventral  fins  of  male  enlarged, 

the  rays  thickened,  and  provided  with  free  keel-like  membranes  on  their  outer  edges;  snout  narrow 

(approaching  that  of  Brachyopsis),  a  little  wider  at  base  than  long,  as  measured  to  tip  of  mandible. 

b.  Dorsal  spines  7  to  9;  anal  fin  short,  having  only  10  or  1 1  rays;'"'  ventral  fins  of  male  greatly  elongate, 

reaching  past  front  of  anal;  plates  more  strongly  spined,  those  of  the  dorsal  as  well  as  lateral  series 

with  sharp   spines;  suborbital   stay  with  a  spine;  vertebra^  37 Occa  (verrucosa). 

hh.  Dorsal  spines  9  or  10;  anal  fin  longer,  of  1.3  to  1.5  rays;  ventral  fins  of  male  not  very  much  larger 
than  those  of  female,  not  nearly  reaching  anal;  plates  much  smoother,  especially  toward  belly 
and  caudal  base,  those  of  the  dorsal  series  scarcely  spined;  suborbital  stay  without  a  spine;  ver- 
tebra 39 Ocella  (dodecaedron). 

aa.  Dorsal  spines  12  to  15;  pectoral  fin  broad,  subtruncate  above  (with  18  or  19  rays);  ventral  fins  of 
male  not  enlarged,  without  keel-like  membranes  on  outer  edges;  snout  much  broader  than  long,  as 
measured  to  tip  of  mandible;  anal  rays  15  to  17. 

c.  Dorsal  spines  usually  12  (sometimes  13);  suborbital  stay  with  a  sharp  .spine;  suborbital  bicarinate; 
frontal  and  parietal  prominences  connected  by  a  continuous  ridge;  supraorbital  ridge  forming  a 

shelf  somewhat  overhanging  the  surrounding  groove Ihurina  (iburia), 

cc.  Dorsal  spines  thirteen  to  fifteen;  suborbital  stay  spineless;  suborbital  unicarinate;  frontal  and 
parietal  prominences  entirely  separated;  sui)raorl>ital  ridge  low,  not  overhanging  the  sur- 
rounding groove Iburiella  (kasawa)^ 

'"'  The  last  double  ray  counted  as  one  as  in  all  descriptions  in  this  paper. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  291 

OccELLA  Jordan  and  Hubl^s,  gen.  no  v. 

Type:    Agonus  dodecaedron  Tilesius. 

This  genus,  ami  tlie  otlicrs  which  follow,  are  defined  in  the  kej^  given  above. 

45G.   [S4G]  Occella  dodecaedron  (Tilesius).    .S7(ac/n-wiro  =  Capstan-fish. 

Iburina  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 
Tj'pe:    Occa  ibun'a  Jordan  and  Starks. 

457.   [847]  Iburina  iburia  (Jordan  and  Starks). 
Yori-shachi-Hiro  =  Twisted  Capstan-fish. 

Neither  this  species,  nor  the  preceding,  of  which  we  have  material  at  hand,  is 
represented  in  the  present  collection. 

Iburiella  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:    IbuneUa  kasairce,  sp.  nov. 

This  genus  combines  certain  of  the  characters  of  Occella  and  Iburina,  with 
which  it  is  compared  above  in  the  key.  In  the  length  of  the  spinous  dorsal  fin  it 
approaches  Tilesina,  w^hich  genus  we  now  think  may  be  referred  to  the  same 
subfamily  ( Brachyopsince) . 

458.    [847A]   Iburiella  kasawae  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov.    (Plate  XI,  fig.  1). 

Type  a  fine  specimen  133  mm.  in  length,  seined  by  Snyder  and  Sindo  at 
Tomakomai,  near  Mororan,  Japan,  in  1906.  It  was  taken  with  a  series  of  Iburina 
iburia,  already  recorded  by  Snj'der.'"  The  tjq^e  is  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  (Cat. 
of  Fishes  No.  7906).  A  single  paratype,  85  mm.  long,  was  collected  bj^  Tanaka  at 
Kushiro,  Hokkaido,  in  1922. 

Donsal,  XV  (XIII) '■^■^-9  (8);  anal,  15  (16)'";  pectorals,  18;  ventrals,  I,  2; 
caudal  13  (counting  small  rays).  Pores  in  lateral  hue,  43,  the  first  twenty  armed 
w'ith  spines.  Head  (from  tip  of  snout  to  end  of  opercular  membrane),  4.3  (4.0) 
in  standard  length.  Greatest  depth  (between  spines  of  dorsal  and  ventral  series) 
1.7  (2.4)  in  head;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle,  7.6  (8.0) ;  eye,  6.0  (6.6);  orbit,  5.1  (4.9) 
equal  to  snout;  interorbital  width,  4.1  (4.2);  snout  and  orbit,  2.6  (2.45);  width 
across  opercles,  1.2  (1.3);  width  of  snout  at  base,  2.35;  upper  jaw,  3.05  (3.0). 
Body  everywhere,  except  near  caudal  base,  forming  in  cross-section  a  somewhat 
depressed  octagon  with  each  face  concave.     The  dorsal  and  the  two  lateral  series 

'"  Proc.  IT.  S.  X.  M.,  XLII,  1(112,  p.  4:BG. 

'"^  The  counts  and  measurements  in  parentheses  are  those  of  the  paratype. 


292  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

of  ]:)latcs  bear  strong  s])ines,  wliicli  become  \v(>ak  on  the  raiKLil  peduncle  and 
beneatli  the  pectoral  fin:  the  vential  series  comprises  plates  bearing  low  rounded 
keels,  each  ending  in  a  small  point.  The  spines  of  the  body  are  marked  with 
strong  ridges,  which  diverge  outward  and  backward  from  the  spines  on  most  of 
the  plates,  but  which  radiate  in  all  directions  from  the  prominences  on  the  tubercles 
of  the  caudal  peduncle  and  breast.  The  plates  number  44  (43)  in  the  dorsal  series, 
the  last  G  (or  7)  being  more  or  less  completely  joined  to  their  fellows;  38  to  40  in 
the  u\)\)vv  lateral  series;  38  or  39  (36  to  39)  in  the  lower  lateral  series;  36  (34)  paired 
and  3  (4)  median  in  the  ventral  series.  Breast  armed  with  large  rounded  flattish 
tubercles,  one  of  which,  median  in  ])osition,  is  separated  from  each  ventral  fin  by 
two  or  thr(>e  others  It  is  preceded  by  four,  arranged  in  the  form  of  a  triangle 
or  square,  and  surrounded  by  sniallei-  less  definite  tubercles;  a  chain  of  large 
bucklers  around  the  gill-opening,  giving  off  a  branch  to  lower  end  of  the  pectoral 
base;  an  irregular  row  of  small  tubercles  crowded  in  between  the  bucklers  of  the 
two  ventral  series  before  the  anal  fin,  but  no  plates  surround  the  anus.  All  fleshy 
regions  between  the  bony  plates  (on  the  trunk  only  the  tail  being  completely 
armoui-ed)  covered  with  numerous  thick-set  fleshy  flaps,  which  are  in  part  modified 
into  small  tubercles  ventrally  and  into  small  flat  spines  in  the  area  covered  by  the 
pectoral  fin.  Head  completely  smooth,  on  all  faces  being  largely  covered  with  .skin 
thickly  studded  with  small  to  minute  pads,  most  of  which  bear  small,  more  or  less 
spiny,  points.  The  radially  striate  bony  prominences  on  frontal,  parietal,  and 
cheek  regions  not  connected  with  one  another,  the  whole  head  being  relatively 
free  from  long  trenchant  ridges;  suborbital  stay  without  trace  of  spine;  super- 
ciliary ridge  greath'  depressed,  and  not  dilated  as  a  shelf  over  the  surrounded 
groove;  preopercle  with  three  l)liuit  spines,  of  which  the  uppermost  is  rather 
strong,  the  lowermost  almost  rudimentary;  suborbital  bearing  but  one  keel;  pre- 
orbital  sculptured,  with  two  keels  directed  downward  and  two  forward,  none 
ending  in  sliarp  spines;  the  strongly  convergent  nasal  spines  very  weak;  the  striae 
on  almost  all  exposed  bones  and  .sj^ines  of  head  bearing  fine  granulations.  Lower 
ja\A  hooked  upward  in  fi'ont  of  upper,  so  that  the  anterior  mandibular  teeth  are 
exposed,  and  directed  Ijackward  as  much  as  upward.  Snout  relati\('ly  extremely 
broad  and  short,  its  length  from  eye  being  narrower  than  interorbital  space;  its 
length  along  midline  from  opposite  front  of  orbits  only  three-tenths  its  basal 
width.  (!ill-membranes  narrowly  joined,  but  free  from  isthmus;  gill-rakers  fleshy 
tubercles,  1  +  7  on  first  arch.  Upper  jaw  when  in  place  largely  ensheathed,  extending 
almost  to  below  front  of  pupil,  bearing  a  thin  flat  tentacle  near  its  end.  Teeth  all 
weak,  forming  moderate  bands  on  the  jaws,  a  large  transverse  patch  on  the  vomer, 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  293 

:uul  evident  on  tlie  i);ilatines.  Occipital  region  flatti.sh,  interorbital  but  weakly 
concave.    Pectoral  fin  i-atlier  more  sharply  truncated  than  is  indicated  in  the  figure. 

Body  brown  or  slaty,  colorless  below;  back  posteriorly  crossed  by  alternate 
bars  of  dark  and  light;  fins  marked  with  blackish  (brown  on  spinous  dorsal)  and 
clear  areas.  In  the  paratype  the  upper  outer  margin  of  the  second  dorsal  is  blackish ; 
the  spot  on  the  anal  fin  extends  to  the  margin  of  the  fin;  the  caudal  is  black  about 
the  lighter  (though  dusky)  area,  which  is  longitudinally  divided  into  two  parts. 

This  species  is  named  for  Mr.  Masunosuke  Kazawa  of  Sapporo,  a  graduate 
student  of  Stanford  University,  engaged  in  the  study  of  the  fishes  of  the  Hokkaido. 

459.   [848]  Brachyopsis  rostrata  (Tilesius).    Shichiro-uwo. 
A  series  from  Kusliiro,  Hokkaido  (Tanaka). 

460.    [850]    Pallasina  eryngia  Jordan  and  Richardson.     }'a</?-M»'o  =  Goat-fish. 

Toyama,  (S.  Yoshizawa). 

Our  .specimen  has  the  Ixirl^el  as  remarkably  long  as  in  the  types. 

461.   [852]   Draciscus  sachi  Jordan  and  Snyder.    S/iac/ii  =  Capstan. 

Kushiro  (Tanaka) ;  Noo. 

Dorsal  ray.s  VHI  or  IX-14  (the  last  one  double);  anal,  16  or  17. 

462.   [863]  Sarritor  leptorhynchus  (Gilbert). 

Fukui. 

Family  LIPARID.^. 
463.   [895]  Crystallias  matsushimae  Jordan  and  Snyder.     Abachan. 

A  specimen  34.5  cm.  long,  collected  by  Tanaka  at  Kushiro,  Hokkaido,  agrees 
in  most  respects  with  Gilbert  and  Burke's  redescription  of  Crystallias  matsushirmv,'" 
but  differs  in  the  much  smaller  size  of  the  head,  and  of  the  various  parts  of  the 
head  in  reference  to  the  total  length.  This  difference  is  doubtless  to  be  accounted 
for  by  the  veritably  huge  size  of  our  specimen. 

Measurements  in  hundredths  of  length  without  caudal  (34.5  cm.).  Length  of 
head,  .22;  diameter  of  eye,  .04;  length  of  snout,  .085;  interocular  width,  .095; 
preoral  length  of  snout,  .05;  length  of  gill-slit,  .045;  distance  from  tip  of  mandible 
to  front  of  disk,  .07;  to  anus,  .175;  diameter  of  di.sk,  .085;  depth  of  body,  .325; 
longest  pectoral  ray  of  upper  lobe,  .18;  of  lower  lobe,  .095;  length  of  caudal,  .14; 
length  of  attachment  between  caudal  and  anal,  .09.  A  smaller  specimen  from  the 
Sea  of  Japan,  taken  by  Nonaka  at  Fukui,  agrees  better  with  the  description  of 
the  type. 

'■-•'  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  370. 


294  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  ECHENEID.E. 
Genus  Remorina  Jordan  and  Evermann. 

Body  unusually  robust,  tlic  v(>ntral  contour  strongly-  cuivcd;  lowci-  jaw- 
without  a  produced  flap;  i)cctoi-al  fin  broadly  rounded,  scaly,  thick  and  firm, 
especially  on  upper  edge,  but  not  Ijony;  dorsal  and  anal  fins  small,  the  anal  the 
longer;  caudal  rounded;  disk  luuisually  large,  with  twelve  or  thirteen  laniin;t>. 

464.  [902]  Remorina  albescens  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Shiro-koban  =  White  Koban,  or  Remora. 

Echeneis  albescens  (Temminck  and  Schlegel),  Fauna  Japonica,  Pisces,  1850,  p.  272, 
pi.  CXX,  fig.  3.— GiJNTHER,  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.  Mus.,  II,  1860,  p.  377.— Jordan 
and  Evermann,  Bull.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLVII,  pt.  3,  1898,  p.  2272. 

Echeneis  chjpeata  Gunther,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (3)  Vol.  V,  1860,  p.  401;  Cat. 
Fishes  Brit.  Mus.,  II,  1860.  p.  376.— Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Japan,  XVIII, 
1914,  pi.  90;  XIX,  1915,  p.  334. 
One  specimen  of  this  very  distinct  Echeneid  was  obtained  by  Aoki  at  Alisaki. 

It  is  118  mm.  long  to  caudal  fin.     The  body  is  ]xile,  with  very  irregular  dark 

markings,  rather  thickly  set. 

Genus  Remoropsis  Gill. 

Body  moderately  slender,  but  not  greatly  attenuate  as  in  Echeneis  naucrates; 
lower  jaw  without  a  specialized  flap;  pectoral  truncate,  its  rays  flexible;  dorsal 
and  anal  fins  long,  the  dorsal  especially  so,  having  about  thirty  rays;  caudal 
truncate;  disk  of  moderate  size,  with  about  16  (14  to  17)  laminae. 

465.   [903]  Remoropsis  brachyptera  (Lowe).     /v«ro-A.ofean  =  Black  Koban. 
One  specimen;  Misaki  (Aoki),  Laminse  16. 

Genus  Remora  Gill. 
466.   [904]  Remora  remora  Linnjeus.     Koban  =  Suck-fish. 
Two  young  specimens;  Misaki  (Aoki).    Laminae  17  or  18. 

Family  BOTHID.E. 
Genus  Sc.eops  Jordan  and  Starks. 

This  genus  seems  sufficiently  distinct  from  both  Psctiina  and  Engyprosopon, 
differing  from  the  foi'mer  in  having  the  teeth  biserial  and  from  the  latter  in  having 
the  interorbital  space  greatly  widened. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED  1922.  295 

467.   [909]  Scaeops  grandisquama  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Daruma-garei  =  Daruma'"-flounder. 

Kobe  market  (Jordan). 

468.   [910]  Psettina  iijimas  (Jordan  and  Starks). 
Kagoshima  Bay  (\\'akiya). 

469.   [911]  Laeops  lanceolata  Franz. 

Lceops  lanceolata  Franz,  Abh.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Vol.  I,  1910,  Suppl.  4,  p.  62, 

pi.  8,  fig.  60  (Fukuura;  Zushi,  on  Sagami  Bay). — Hubbs.  Proe.  U.  S.  X.  M., 

XLVIII,  1915,  p.  460. 

Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Fukui  (X^onaka). 

The  first  two  dorsal  rays  are  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  fin,  as  in  Laeops 
kitaharce^-^  and  Loeoptichthys  frugilis^-' 

Dorsal  rays,  106  to  108;  anal,  86  to  88;  scales  in  lateral  Hne,  about  98  to  113; 
head,  6.25  to  6.6;  depth,  2.65  to  2.8;  eye,  2.9  to  3.2.  The  specimens  agree  better 
with  the  characters  of  L.  lanceolata  than  with  those  of  kitaharce  (See  Hubbs,  /.  c, 
p.  460),  but  in  some  respects  are  intermediate.  It  is  quite  probable  that  the  two 
species  will  prove  inseparable,  in  which  case  Smith  and  Pope's  name  will  be  used. 

470.  Arnoglossus  tenuis  Glinther. 

Arnoglossus  tenuis  GIjnther.  Challenger  Reports,  Shore-Fi.shes,  1880,  p.  55  (Hong 

Kong) . 

We  have  seventeen  specimens  of  an  Arnoglossus  from  tlie  mai'ket  at  Kobe 
(Jordan),  which  are  very  different  from  the  two  species  of  the  genus  now  known 
from  Japan.  Arnoglossus  violaceus  Franz'-'*  has  100  scales  in  the  lateral  line,  and 
Arnoglossus  japonicus  Hubbs'-^  has  64  scales,  the  teeth  enlarged  anteriorly,  and 
the  second  dorsal  ray  considerably  elongated.  The  material  from  Kobe  we  identify 
mth  Arnoglossus  tenuis  originally  described  by  GUnther  from  Hong  Kong. 

Dorsal  rays,  90  to  93;  anal  rays,  67  to  72;  head,  4.0  to  4.1;  depth,  2.5  to  2.7; 
upper  orbit,  3.1  to  3.3;  upper  jaw,  2.6  to  2.7;  scales  in  the  lateral  line,  48  to  54. 

'■^  Daruma  is  a  small  squat  domigod. 

'"^  Lambda psetta  kilahara  Smith  and  Pope,  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  1906,  p.  49(1,  fig.  12. — Jordan.  Tanaka, 
and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII,  1910,  p.  317,  fi^;.  2(),5. —  Laops  kiUihanv  Ilulibs.  Proc.  U.  S. 
X.  M..  XLVIII,  191.5,  p.  460. 

'-'  Hubbs,  /.  c,  p.  460,  pi.  26,  fig.  4. 

'-'  Abh.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Vol.  I.  1010,  Suppl.  4,  p.  61,  pi.  7,  {\%.  .')6. 

'-'  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M..  XLVIII.  lOiri,  p.  4.54.  pi.  2.5,  fig.  2. 


296  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Body  elongate-elliptical,  the  gentle  dorsal  contour  being  broken  only  by  the  pre- 
maxillary  processes.  Lower  eye  in  advance  of  upper;  interorbital  narrow  and 
trenchant,  its  sigmoid  ridge  forming  also  the  front  margin  of  the  lower  orbit;  nostrils 
in  a  horizontal  line,  the  anterior  one  bearing  a  short,  broadly  rounded  flap;  jaws 
about  equal  anteriorly,  the  mandibular  knob  projecting  a  little;  gape  moderate, 
curved  and  oblique;  upper  jaw  extending  backward  beyond  front  of  lower  orbit, 
but  not  to  below  pupil.  Gill-rakers  represented  l\y  one  or  two  bare  rudiments 
on  upper  limb,  and  by  seven  to  nine  developed  ones  on  lower  limb,  the  longest 
about  one-fourth  as  long  as  orbit.  Scales  very  deciduous,  none  remaining  on  our 
specimens.  No  color-markings,  other  than  the  dai-k  margins  of  the  scale-pockets. 
Our  specimens  vary  in  length  from  37  to  62  mm. 

A  still  smaller  specimen,  27  mm.  long  to  caudal,  was  found  in  the  stomach  of 
a  Platycephalid  taken  at  Kobe. 

Family  PARALICHTHYID.E. 
471.   [916]  Pseudorhombus  oligodon  (Bleeker). 

Kobe  market  (Jordan). 

Dorsal,  74  to  78;  anal,  64  to  66;  pores,  85  to  88;  gill-rakers,  2  +  8=  10;  head, 
3.3;  depth,  2.2. 

472.   [917]  Pseudorhombus  arsius  (Buchanan  Hamilton).'^" 

Shizuoka  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  Fukui  (Nonaka). 

Dorsal  rays,  76  or  77;  anal,  58  to  60;  pores,  78  to  82;  gill-rakers,  11  or  12 
below  angle;  depth,  2.1  to  2.2.  Body  marked  rather  indistinctly  with  non-ocellated 
blotches,  one  on  lateral  line  just  behind  end  of  arch,  and  sometimes  another  near 
middle  of  straight  portion  of  lateral  line;  one  near  caudal  base;  bare  traces  of 
others  above  and  below  the  lateral  line.  In  addition  to  the  blotches,  fine  black 
specks  may  be  present  over  the  body. 

Our  largest  specimen  is  268  mm.  long  to  the  caudal  fin. 

473.   [918]  Pseudorhombus  cinnamomeus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Ganzo-birame  =  False  Halibut. 
Pseudorhombus  misakius  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXI,  1906. 
p.  175,  figs.  4,  5. 

Tokyo  (Jordan) ;  Choshi  (C.  Ishikawa) ;  Noo. 

Dorsal,  81  or  82;  anal,  63  or  64;  pores,  80  or  83;  head,  3.5  to  3.6;  depth,  1.9. 
The  dark  spot  on  the  lateral  line  near  the  end  of  the  arch  is  not  invariably  ocellated. 

'•'°  See  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  439. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESP:  FISHB^S  COLLECTED   1922.  297 

474.   |919|  Pseudorhombus  ocellifer  Regan. 

Shizuoka,  Osaka,  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan);  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya) ; 
MLsaki  (Aoki);  Fukui  (Nonaka);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa);  Miyazu;  Noo. 

Dorsal  rays,  71  to  77;  anal,  53  to  57;  pores,  64  to  73;  gill-rakers,  4  to  7+15 
to  18;  head,  3.1  to  3.3;  depth,  2.1  to  2.2. 

475.   [921]  Tarphops  oligolepis  (Bleeker). 

Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Kobe  market  (Jordan) ;  Tatoku  Island 
(Mikimoto). 

Dorsal,  64;  anal,  49;  scales  in  lateral  line,  4U. 

476.   [924]   Paralichthys  olivaceus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
//irawe  =  Halilnit  (Wide-eye);  Magarei  =  Tnie  Flounder. 

Sapporo  market  (Majima);  Takashima  market  (Takayasu);  Tokyo  and  Kobe 
markets  (Jordan);  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Misaki  (Aoki);  Mikawa  Bay 
(M.  Ishikawa);  Choshi  (C.  Ishikawa) ;  Fukui  (Nonaka). 

Very  common  southward,  the  most  abundant  and  valuable  of  the  flat-fishes. 
In  this  species  the  fin-rays  are  well  branched  posteriorly.  Dorsal  rays  70  to  78; 
anal,  54  to  60. 

To  the  synonymy  of  this  species  should  apparently  be  added  Platessa  prr- 
cocephala  Basilewsky,  Pseudorhombus  sivinhonis  Giinther,  and  Paralichthys  olivaceus 
var.  coreanicus  Schmidt.  A  specimen  from  Hong  Kong  has  83  dorsal  and  61  anal 
rays;  the  type  of  P.  sivinhonis,  from  Chifu,  has  69  dorsal  and  51  anal  rays.  The 
range  of  variation  in  fin-rays  in  China  and  Japan  consequently  appears  to  be 
quite  similar.  It  is  fjuite  probable,  however,  that  the  fin-rays  will  be  found  to 
show  an  increase  in  average  number  toward  tlie  north. 

Family  PLEUR0NECTIDJ2. 
477.   [926]  Verasper  variegatus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Medaka-garei  =  Minnow  Flounder ;  Hoshi-garei  =  Star-flounder. 
Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

478.    [928]    Xystrias  grigorjewi  (Herzenstein).    Mushi-garei  =  Caterpillar  flounder. 

Osaka  market  (Jordan);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa);  Miyazu. 

Dorsal  rays,  91 ;  anal,  77.  The  markings  on  the  body  vary  from  barely  evident 
blotches  to  strongly  ocellated  spots. 


298  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

479.  [930  and  932]  Hippoglossoides  dubius  (Schmidt).   ^feMm-gram  =  Fat  Flounder. 

Sapporo  market  (Majima);  Kushiro  (Tanaka);  Osaka  market  (Jordan),  said 
to  have  been  shipped  to  Osaka  from  near  Aomori;  Noo. 

Dorsal  rays,  79  to  86;  anal,  61  to  67;  gill-rakers,  x+H  to  16. 

Cynopsctta  dubia  Schmidt  seems  identical  with  Hipjux/loasoidcs  katakuroe 
Snyder  and  to  be  referable  to  Hippoglossoides. 

480.  [937]  Cleisthenes  pinetorum  Jordan  and  Starks. 

Noo;  Fukui  (Xonaka). 

Mr.  Hubbs  has  lately  shown  that  Protopsetta  herzensteini  is  congeneric  with 
Cleisthenes  pinetorum  of  the  east  coast  of  Japan,  representing  that  species  in  the 
Sea  of  Japan,  and  differing  chiefly  in  the  number  of  gill-rakers.  The  material  at 
hand  confirms  these  findings,  the  gill-rakers  before  the  angle  of  the  first  arch 
numbering  in  seven  specimens:  17,  17,  18,  IS,  18,  19,  19.  Protopsetta  is  ap- 
parently a  synonym  of  Cleisthenes. 

481.  [934]  Atheresthes  evermanni  Jordan  and  Starks. 

Kushiro  (Tanaka) . 

Dorsal  rays,  107;  anal,  86  or  87;  head,  3.7;  depth,  2.8. 

482.   [938]  Alaeops  plinthus  Jordan  and  Starks. 
IMisaki  (x\oki). 

483.   [939]  Dexistes  rikuzenius  Jordan  and  Starks.    Migi. 

Fukui  (Nonaka). 

Dorsal  rays,  72;  anal,  61;  no  fin-rays  branched;  pores  in  lateral  line,  about 
70.     Araias  arioninius  Jordan  and  Starks  is  the  same  species  as  already  indicated. 

484.   [940]  Pleuronichthys  cornutus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Mcita-garei  =  Cloak-flounder. 

Tokyo  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan);  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Kago- 
shima  (Wakiya) ;  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Fukui  (Nonaka); 
Noo.     Everywhere  abundant,  reaching  a  small  size. 

Dorsal  rays,  73  to  81;  anal  rays,  52  to  60;  head,  3.8  to  4.2;  depth,  1.8  to  2.3; 
eye,  3.0  to  3.35. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1!)22.  299 

485.   [941  and  942]  Lepidopsetta  mochigarei  Snyder. 
Mochi-garci  =  Rice-flounder. 

Nemuro  and  Kushiro  (Tanaka). 

All  the  records  of  Lepidopsetta  hiUncatu  from  tlie  Sea  of  Japan  refer 
apparently  to  the  present  species. 

Dorsal,  71  to  77:  anal,  58  to  61 ;  pores,  100  to  104;  gill-rakers,  2  +  4  to  6;  head, 
3.3  to  4.0;  depth,  2.1. 

Genus  Limandella  Jordan  and  Starks. 

This  group  seems  fully  entitled  to  generic  separation  from  IJmanda;  jaws 
yery  unsymmetrical,  as  in  most  pleuronectine  flounders. 

486.     [943]     Limandella  angustirostris  (Kitahara).     Kitsune.garci  =  Yox-i\ovnu\Qr. 
Sapporo  market  (Majima) ;  Takashima  (Takayasu) ;  Fukui  (Nonaka) ;  Noo. 

487.   [944  and  945]  Limandella  yokohamae  (Gunther). 
Kuragoshira;  Makogani  =  Tv\w  Little  Flounder,  or  Dab. 

Takashima  (Takayasu) ;  Nemuro  (Tanaka) ;  Tokyo  and  KoIk'  mai-kets 
(Jordan);  Mikawa  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  Fukui  (Nonaka). 

Limanda  schrencki  seems  to  be  the  same  species. 

Dorsal  rays,  61  to  73;  anal  rays,  48  to  54;  pores,  70  to  82;  gill-rakers,  3  +  6  or 
7  =  9  or  10. 

The  variation  in  fin-rays  in  our  series  covers  the  supposedly  distinctive 
numbers  accredited  to  the  nominal  species,  L.  schrencki. 

488.      |946]     Limanda  punctatissima   (Steindachner).     Ran-garei  =  W-dv4loundev. 

Hippoglossoides  {Hippoglossina)  pimctatissimus  Steindachner,  Ichth.  Beit.,  1879, 

p.  49  (Situng.sb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien.,  LXXX,  1879).    (Hakodate). 
Limanda  iridnrum  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXI,  1906,  p.  206, 

fig.   14,  Mororan. — Jordan,  Tanaka  and  Snyder,  Jour.  GoU.  Sci.,  Tokyo, 

XXXIII,  1913,  p.  327,  fig.  276.— Hubbs,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLVIII,  1915, 

p.  484. 

Takashima  (Takayasu);  Nemuro  (Tanaka). 

The  description  of  this  species  by  Steindachner,  based  on  a  specimen  from 
Hakodate,  has  been  entirely  overlooked. 

Body  covered  with  fine  beaded  lengthwise  streaks,  and  with  small  dark  s]iots. 
Head,  3.2  in  length;  depth,  2.1;  dorsal,  61;  anal,  48;  scales,  73. 


300  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

489.   [954]   Kareius  bicoloratus  (Basilewsky).    /.s7«(/am  =  Rock-fl()Uii(l('r. 

Sapporo  market  (Majima);  Takashima  market  (Takayasu);  Tokyo  and  Osaka 
markets  (Jordan);  Mikawa  (M.  Ishikawa);  Fukui  (Nonaka).    Common  northward. 

Young,  24  mm.  long  to  caudal  fin,  are  fully  transformed,  and  show  all  adult 
features  other  than  the  bony  i:)lates.  At  39  mm.  they  show  traces  of  the  developing 
bony  }ilates,  but  are  otherwise  naked,  while  somewhat  larger  specimens  (55  to 
150  mm.  long)  have  the  body  covered  with  small,  thin,  imtjedded  scales,  visible 
to  the  naked  eye.  Still  larger  specimens  agree  with  the  current  descriptions  of 
the  species  in  lacking  evident  scales. 

490.   [955]  Clidoderma  asperrimum  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Same-yarci  =  Sturgeon-floundei'. 

Kushiro  and  Nemuro  (Tanaka). 

Dorsal  rays,  86  to  91;  anal,  66  to  69;  head,  3.2  to  3.5;  depth,  1.7.  Common 
noithward. 

491.    [956]    Microstomus  stelleri  Schmidt.     5a6a-^arei  =  Old-woman-flounder. 

Kushiro  (Tanaka). 

Dorsal  rays,  87  to  95;  anal,  72  to  79;  scales,  120  to  138;  head,  5.5;  depth,  2.3. 

Genus  Tanakius  Hubbs. 

Tanakius  Hubbs,  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  IX,  1918,  p.  370  (not  Tanakia  Jordan  and 

Thompson,  1914). 

This  genus  differs  from  Dexistes,  with  which  it  seems  most  closely  allied,  in 
the  increased  number  of  segments  and  in  the  branching  of  a  few  of  the  posterior 
rays  in  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins.  From  Microstomus,  witli  which  it  has  been  con- 
fused, it  differs  in  the  scaly  eyeball,  the  occurrence  of  teeth  on  both  sides  of  the 
jaws,  the  well  imbricated  scales,  and  the  lack  of  accessory  scales  along  the  pores 
of  the  lateral  line,  the  straight  lateral  line,  the  doubly  truncate,  instead  of  rounded, 
caudal  fin,  and  the  thinner  and  weaker  texture  of  body,  skin,  and  fin-rays. 

492.  [957]  Tanakius  kitaharae  (Jordan  and  Starks). 
Yanagi-mushi-garei  =  Willow-caterpillar  Flounder. 

Microstomus  kitaharcc  Jordan  and  Starks,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fish.  Comm.,  XXII,  1902 
(1904),  p.  622,  with  plate;  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXI,  1906  (1907),  p.  223.— 
Hubbs,  ibid.  XLVIII,  1915,  p.  490. 

Dexistes  {Tanakius)  kitaharce  Hubbs,  Annot.  Zool.  Jap.,  IX,  1918,  p.  371. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   102'2.  oOl 

Microstomits  hircgitro  Tanaka,  Zool.  Ma^.  XWIII,  I'.IKi,  p.  (J7;  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes 
Japan.  XXV.  1017.  p.  447.  pi.  122.  fiii.  ;^51. 
Toyama  (Yoshizawa);  Xiki,  Fukui  (Xonaka). 
Dorsal  rays.  So  to  102:  anal.  74  to  7():  dcptli,  2.7")  to  3.25. 

493.     [95S]     Glyptocephalus  ostroumowi  Pa\]('nk().     /.s7;////-f/r/rr/  =  Bold  Floiuulci-. 

Glyptoccphnlufi  S(i.sa-  Snydek.  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  INL.  XL,  lUll.  p.  548. 
Sapporo  market  (JMajinia);  Fukui  (Xonaka);  Miyazu,  Xoo. 

Family  SAMARID.E. 
CJenus  Plagiopsetta  Franz. 

Eyes  dextral:  moutli  small,  hut  nearly  symmetrical,  with  narrow  liaiids  of 
teeth  on  the  jaws;  scales  of  moderate  size,  strongly  ctenoid  on  both  .sides;  lateral 
line  straight,  with  an  irregulai'  Ijackward-directed  branch;  dorsal  fin  beginning  just 
before  orbit,  like  the  anal  extended  to,  but  free  from,  the  caudal;  the  rays  on  the 
head  partial!}'  free,  but  scarcely  produced;  j^ectoral  large,  scythe-shaped,  with  ten 
rays  on  the  ej'ed  side,  wholly  wanting  on  the  blind  side;  both  ventrals  lateral  and 
nearh'  symmetrical,  each  of  five  rays;  caudal  fin  acutely  rounded,  witli  twelve 
branched  rays;  none  of  the  other  fins  with  branched  ra}s;  both  sides  pigmented. 

494.   [922]  Plagiopsetta  glossa  Franz. 

One  specimen  of  this  interesting  little  samarid  flounder  is  at  hand,  having 
been  obtained  by  Aoki  at  ^Nlisaki. 
Dorsal  rays,  69;  anal,  54. 

Family  ACHIRID.E. 

495.   [959]  Heteromycteris  japonica  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

SdiM-u.'shinoshita  =  Bamboo-sole. 

The  genus  Amate  Jordan  and  Starks,  to  which  this  .species  has  hitherto  1)een 
a.ssigned,  seems  to  be  inseparable  from  Hdcromycteris  Kaup  (1858),  basetl  ui)on 
Heteromycteris  capensis  Kaup. 

Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Dorsal,  78;  anal,  59;  pores,  78. 

Family  SOLEID.E. 

496.   [960]  Aseraggodes  kobensis  (Steindachner). 

Tobi-sasa-asliiiin.sliitd  =  Hawk  Bamboo-sole. 

Misaki  (Aoki). 


302  MEMOIRS  OF  Till':  CAHN'KOnO  MUSEUM. 

Family  SYXAPTURID.E. 

497.   [902]  Zebrias  zebrinus  (Tcininiiick  and  Sclilcjicl). 
*S7ij'w(^/f/(^//T/ =  St riped  Flounder. 

Tokyo  and  Sliizuoka  (Jordan);  Toba  (Joidan  and  Yamamoto);  Mikawa  Bay 
(AI.  Ishikawa);  Misaki  (Aoki).  (  oiiiinon  southward.  SoUd  fdsn'dtd  Basilewsky 
is  ])r()bably  this  species. 

498.   [9()3]  Zebrias  japonicus  (Blceker).    Nr/(^-//.s7///;().s//?7a  =  Channel-sole. 

Toba  (Joidan  and  Yamamoto);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ;  Fukui  (Nonaka); 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

Family  CYXOGLOSSID.E. 

499.  I9()4|  Rhinoplagusia  japonica  (Tcmminck  and  Schlegel). 

U  slii  Hash  ltd  =  i\)\\-[i)njxu(\  or  Sol(\ 

Tokyo,  Yokohama,  Osaka,  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa); 
I'^ukui  (Nonaka);  Miyazu. 

A  common  and  valued  food-fish,  much  like  the  Em-opcan  Sole,  commercially 
much  the  most  important  of  the  group.  Usiudfiita  Joidan  and  Snyder,  1900,  is  a 
synoym  of  Rhinoplagusia. 

500.  |9(»()J  Cynoglossus  robustus  (  Uintiicr.    //; ///(o.s7ii //a  =  Dog-tongue. 

fSok'd  anoiujnid  Basilewsky,  Ichth.  Chin.  Bor.,  1855,  p.  262  ("Shaudun"). 
Cynoglossus  mwszYa  Jordan, Tan aka,  and  Snyder,  Jour.  Coll.  Sci.,  Tokyo,  XXXIII, 

1913,  p.  335  (a  substitute  name  for  Cynoglossus  robustus,  thought  to  be  distinct, 

wliich  it  probably  is  not. 

Cijnoglossus  inusitd  lacks  a  definite  tyiK'-localit.v;  we  may  su])ply  Kobe.  The 
name  Solea  diKnii/nid,  apparently  belonging  to  this  fish,  is  prior  to  robustus. 

501.  |9()S|  Areliscus  joyneri  (Ciinther).     f'/«(7«m/; //a  =  Horse-tongue. 
Shizuoka  market  (Jordan). 

502.    |9()9]  Areliscus  interruptus  (( liintlier). 

Toba  (Joidan  and  Yamamoto);  Kobe  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa); 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

Dorsal  rays,  100  to  112;  anal,  80  to  88;  scales  in  lateral  line  from  oppo.site 
gill-opening,  about  6G  to  70. 


JOHDAX   AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHKS  COLLKC 'IKD    I'.IJ.'.  303 

503.   [970]  Areliscus  purpureomaculatus  (Rt'gaii). 

Mur(imL-i-<j(urt  =  Purpk'  Flounder. 

Osaka  market  (.Idrdaii)- 

Dorsal  rays,  127:  anal  lays,  102;  scales  from  oi)])osite  ii,ill-oi)eiiiiiii,  ll.j;  eye, 
8.7  in  head;  body  without  definite  purpli.sh  spots,  othei'  than  fine  speeks. 

Family  ELEOTRID.E. 
Enc^ura  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:     Encccura  evides  sp.  nov. 

Head  and  body  compres.sed  throughout,  rather  slender,  with  evenly  cuiA'ed 
contours.  Scales  miiuite  (about  125  from  gill-opening  to  caudal  base)  poorly 
imbricate,  not  definitely  aligned  into  rows,  each  usually  with  a  single  veiy  slender 
spine;  body  clo.sely  scaled  as  far  forwai'd  as  the  isthnuis  and  the  occiput,  which  is 
located  far  forward,  above  the  middle  of  the  eye;  head  wholly  scaleless.  Dorsal 
spines  .six,  the  last  one  widely  separated  from  the  others,  all  slender  and  flexible, 
but  not  at  all  filamentous;  donsal  fins  bai'ely  connected  by  nieml)rane  at  exticme 
base;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  elongate,  each  with  about  twenty-five  I'ays,  but  free 
from  caudal;  caudal  fin  emarginate,  with  the  lolx'S  rounded:  i)ectorals  rounded; 
ventrals  rather  .short,  wholly  separated,  but  with  the  bases  in  contact,  each  with 
only  four  soft  rays.  Mouth  rather  small,  with  a  straight  oblitiue  gai)e:  niandil)le 
rather  heavy,  ])rojecting:  lips  rather  thick;  teeth  on  jaws  only,  conic,  shai'p,  I'athei' 
large,  well  s])ace(l,  uniserial.  Tongue  vei-y  narrow,  compressed,  pointed.  No 
barbels.  No  spines  on  head.  Branchiostegals  4-f  1  (as  in  fr'(>6«/(/a';  usually  4  +  2  or 
4-|-3  in  the  Eleotrkhv).  Gill-membranes  united  to  the  sides  of  the  narrow  isthmus, 
not  conjoined.    Inner  edge  of  shoulder-girdle  sharply  angulated,  without  pi-ocesses. 

Among  Japanese  genera  Enca'ura  agrees  best  with  Vireosa,  Init  is  not  closely 
related  to  it.  It  also  differs  in  many  respects  from  all  the  East  Indian  geneia  of 
the  family. 

504.   [973A]  Encaeura  evides  Jordan  and  Hubl)S,  sp.  nov.     (Plate  XI.  fig.  2.) 

The  type  is  42  mm.  in  length  to  caudal.  It  was  taken  together  with  a  slightly 
smaller  paratype  at  Wakanoura  by  Professor  Yamamoto.  ((\  i\l.  Cat.  Fi.shes, 
No.  7931.)    The  paratyjie  is  retained  at  Stanford  Univei-sity. 

Dor.sal,  VI-25  or  26;  anal,  25;  caudal  with  11  or  12  branched  rays;  jx'ctoials, 
23  or  24;  ventrals  I,  4.  Head  4.0;  depth  5.1  in  standard  length.  Least  depth  of 
caudal  peduncle,  2.3  to  2.5  in  head;  length  of  orbit,  3.G  to  3.65;  snout,  3.7  to  3.8; 
width  of  fleshy  interorbital,  3.0  to  3.3;  u])per  jaw,  2.65  to  2.75;  de])th  of  head,  as 
measured  on  vertical  through  end  of  oix'rcle,  1.5;  width  of  head,  l.S  to  1.9.     Head 


304  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

witli  even  contours;  eye  rouiulisli,  ratliei'  lii.^li,  slightly  longei-  than  snout,  hut 
shorter  than  tiie  fleshy  interoi-hital  width,  dii-ected  laterally.  Ma.\illary  eoini)letely 
ensheathed  extending  to  hetwceii  \-erticals  from  front  of  orliit  and  front  of  |)U])il. 
The  h)rni  and  proportions  of  the  fins  are  well  shown  in  the  figure. 

( 'olor  brown  in  the  tyjie  (pale  in  the  paratype),  becoming  dark  only  along 
front  t)f  orbit  antl  nt'ar  tip  of  jaws;  a  largt',  conspicuous,  oval,  blackish,  indefinitely 
ocellated  spot,  located  half  on  the  l)ody  and  half  on  the  caudal  fin.  First  dorsal 
pale  dusky  (or  whitish),  becoming  blackish  only  on  extreme  margin;  second  dorsal 
and  anal  dusky,  becoming  black  distally;  up])er  anil  lower  caudal  margins  widely 
blackish;  pectoral  pale  dusky;  ventral  clear. 

Odontobutis  ( iill. 
Oddiitdhuti.s  (iill  is  api)arently  distinct  from  Magunnln  (Iill. 

505.   [977]  Odontobutis  obscurus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Isdijd-haze  =  Sand-Goby. 
Kumamoto,    Ozu,    Hamada    (Wakiya) ;    Himeji    (Abe).      The   University   of 
Michigan  has  received  specimens  fiom  Soo-chow,  China. 
A  fresh-water  species. 

506.  [Extraterr.]  Micropercops  dabryi  Fowler  and  Bean. 

Specimens  in  the  University  of  Michigan  collected  by  Mi'.  Gee  at  Soo-chow, 
Ghina. 

507.  [978]  Eleotris  oxycephala  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 
Kumamoto  in  fresh-water  (Wakiya). 

Family  PERIOPHTHALMID.E. 
508.   [979]  Boleophthalmus  pectinirostris  (Gmelin).    Mutsu(joro  =  Adventurer. 
Apocryptcs  chinensis  (Osbeck)  (1757,  pre-Linna^an). 
Brackish  wat(M-,  Bay  of  Ariaka  (Wakiya) 

Until  the  pertinence  of  Apocryptcs  is  finally  settled,  we  retain  the  familiar 
name  for  this  agile  Goby  of  the  tide-flats. 

Family  GOBIID.E.      ' 

Genus  Hazeus  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

509.   [981]  Hazeus  otakii  Jordan  and  Snydei'. 

The  genus  Hazeus  is  probably  separable  from  Gnatholepis  Blocker,  having  the 

doi'sal  and  anal  fins  much  shorter.    The  genus  Vaimosa  Jordan  and  Scale  (Type: 

Vaimosa  fontinalis  from  Samoa)  is  apparently  distinct  from  Mugilogobius  Smitt. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  TOLLECTED   1(122.  30") 

Genus  RiiiNcxiOBius  Gill. 

We  retain  the  name  Rhinocjohius  instead  of  the  eai'licr  Ctcnoyobius,  also  of 
Gill,  as  the  latter  is  based  on  a  South  American  species,  of  which  the  characters 
are  imperfectly  known. 

510.  [982]  Rhinogobius  similis  (lill.     H(tze  =  Gohy;   Yosliimihori  =  \lovd-i\s\\. 
Ilhiiioguhius  similis  Gill,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1S59,  p.  14")  (near  Sliiinoda, 

(^tenogobius  sitnilis  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIV,  lOOl,  |).  oti. 
Gobius  yokohanue  Gunther,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (4)  XX,  1877,  p.  437  (Yoko- 
hama) . 
Rhinogobius  luigoga'  Jordan  and  Seale,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXX,  1900,  p.  147, 

fig.  5. 
Ctenogobius  bedfordi  Regan,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1908,  p.  (12  (Gh(jnji;-ju,  Korea). 
Ctenogobius  atndidius  RE(iAN,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (8)   I,   1908,  j).   153  (Lake 

Candidius,  Formosa). 
Rhinogobius  candidiuf;  Oshima,  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  XII,  1919,  p.  295. 
Rhinogobius  taiwanus  Oshima,  /.  r.,  1919,  p.  298,  pi.  LIII,  fig.  1  (Formosa). 

Kumamoto  and  Ozu  (Wakiya);  Iliki  River  and  Shirarahania,  Kishu  (Jordan); 
Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu  (Joixlan  and  Kawamura) ;  Lakes  Hakone  and  Suvva  (Jordan); 
Yamaguclii,  I'ukui. 

The  connnonest  of  all  the  small  gobies  or  "Haze"  in  bi'ooks  and  (>stuaries. 
Rhinogobius  similis  is  a  very  vai'iable  species,  differing  with  age,  sex,  locality, 
and  individuals.  The  individual  variations  chiefly  involve  the  s(|uamation:  the 
lelatively  large  scales  of  the  body  may  impinge  directly  on  the  entirely  naked 
nape,  or  these  scales  may  gradually  become  reduced  in  size  anteiiorly,  and  extend 
well  toward,  in  rai'e  cases  almost  to,  the  occiput;  in  correlation  with  this  variation 
in  size,  the  scales  vary  in  number  from  about  30  to  about  40  between  the  gill-slit 
and  the  caudal  base.  These  variations  in  s(|uaniation  cover  the  chaiacters  of 
several  nominal  sjx'cies,  /)?.  n(i(/og(rni,]a\rdu,  R.  bedfordi  oi  Korea,  and  R.  nnididius 
and  R.  taiwanus  of  Foi-mosa.  We  have  examined  large  series  from  lM)i-mosa,  as 
well  as  from  Japan,  and  have  examined  the  t.yi)e  of  Rhinogobius  )i<nj<>ti(r,  which 
in  every  way  is  tyj)ical  of  R.  similis. 

511.  [980]  Rhinogobius  giurinus  (Rutter).    Gokunikc-iidzc  =  P[iradise-Qh)hy. 

Gobius  giurintts  Rutter,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1S97,  ]>.  8(i  (Swatow,  China). 
Rhinogobius  giurinus  Jordan  and  Richardson,  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  IV,  1909,  p.  200. 
—Oshima,  Aim.  Car.  Mus.,  XII,  1919,  p.  297  (Formosa). 


;]()()  MEMOIRS  OF  TIIK  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM.     . 

CIcHofidhiiis  hdilnijih  rus  .]inu->AN  and  Snvdeh,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIV,  1901,  p.  (iO, 

fifi;.  7  (Japan). 

Kachi  Rivci'  at  Naf2;()ya  (.loi-daii) ;  Lake  Togo,  Iiiaba.  We  also  liave  a  sjMH'imcn 
fi-oni  Soo-cliow,  Cliina,  as  well  as  iiiiicli  material  already  reported  on  from  .Iai)an, 
lM)rmosa,  and  ( 'liina. 

In  all  our  matei-ial  we  count  about  30  scales  between  sill-opening  and  caudal 
base.  We  can  find  no  basis  foi-  the  distinction  of  a  Jai)anese  sjiecies,  R.  hadropkrm, 
(lifferiiiii;  from  the  ( 'hinese  H.  (/iurinus. 

512.   loss  and  i)Si)|  Rhinogobius  pflaumi  (Bleeker).    Moyo-luizc  =  Piitten\-gohy. 
CIciKKjohiiis  viryalitlus  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIV,  1901,  p.  63, 

fii;-.  9. 

Kobe  market  (Joidan);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa) ;  Misaki  (Aoki).  Another 
specimen  from  Misaki  was  found  in  the  throat  of  a  Flat-head,  hicgocin  japotiica, 
collected  by  Jordan  in  1911. 

In  specimens  of  like  size,  we  have  found  no  difference  in  the  size  of  the  eye 
I)etween  paratypes  of  Ctenogohim  virgaiulus  and  si)ecimens  of  /?.  pflaumi.  The 
foi'mer  show  in  part  a  black  blotch  in  the  l)ranchiostep;al  region,  while  the  latter 
may  show  dark  rims  along  tlu>  series  of  scales.  These  were  the  only  tangible 
differences  by  which  the  nominal  species,  C.  virgatulm,  was  tlistinguished. 

513.   [991]  Rhinogobius  kurodei  (Tanaka). 

Kaclii  River  at  Nagoya  (Jordan);  Noo. 

The  specimens  fiom  the  Kaclii  Pviver,  except  for  a  slightly  stouter  form  and 
smaller  eye,  agree  in  detail  with  the  description  of  the  type.''"  They  show  the 
following  characters:  dorsal  rays,  VI-9;  anal,  8  or  9;  scales  28-10;  head,  3.3  to 
3.4;  depth,  4.5  to  5.2;  eye,  4.0  to  5.0;  snout,  about  4.0;  upjier  jaw,  2.G  to  2.7,  ex- 
tending to  below  front  of  pupil;  head  a  little  wider  than  deep,  but  not  nearly  so 
wide  as  long;  dorsal  and  anal  fins  reaching  nearly  to  caudal  base,  when  depressed, 
in  the  case  of  the  males,  but  much  shorter  in  the  females;  ventrals  reaching  only 
half  or  two-thirds  the  distance  to  anus. 

Fins  all  white-edged;  the  dorsals  and  caudal  spotted  in  females,  blackish  in 
males;  paired  fins  and  anal  neai'ly  colorless  in  females,  dusky  in  males. 

Three  specimens  from  Noo  are  referred  with  more  or  less  doubt  to  the  present 
species.  Dorsal  rays,  VI-9;  anal,  9;  head,  3.0  to  3.4;  depth,  4.7  to  5.5;  eye,  4.3  to 
5.0;  snout,  3.8  or  3.9  in  two  specimens,  3.4  in  the  largest  one;  scales,  30  to  34  to 

"'  AniU)t.  ZcKil.  .Ia]i..  \I1,  1!)()S,  |).  33. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JATANKSK  FISHES  COLLECTKD   1922.  307 

10;  Uviid  wider  tluui  drcp,  two-thirds  as  wide  as  iDiig;  uiJi)t'r  jaw  2.()  to  o.O,  ex- 
tending a  little  beyond  front  of  orljit;  fins  low;  ventral  reaching  half  or  two-thirds 
the  distance  from  its  base  to  anus.  Body  and  fins  sjjotted,  vaiying  to  neaily 
plain;  tli(>  fins  all  dark-edged. 

514.    [900]  Aboma  lactipes  (Hilgendorf).    ^4.s7y/-.s7///-o-//arr  =  Rush-white  ( loby. 

Lake  Kitagata  near  Fukui;  Noo;  near  Morioka  (Awaya);  Soo-chow,  ( 'hina 
(Gee).  So  far  as  we  know,  this  species  has  not  been  i)reviously  I'eeoided  from 
China. 

515.    11000]  Aboma  tsushimse  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

One  specimen  was  found  among  several  hundred  small  gobies  obtained  by 
Dr.  Jordan  in  the  Kachi  River  at  Nagoya.  It  agrees  well  with  the  types  of  the 
species.  Tiie  original  figure  shows  the  contoui'  of  the  head  as  much  too  blunt,  a 
condition  produced  by  the  partial  protraction  of  the  premaxillaries.  When  normally 
closed  the  snout  has  about  the  same  form  as  that  of  Aboma  lactipes. 

516.   [1007]  Cryptocentrus  filifer  (Tuvier  and  Valenciennes). 
Itd-hiki-haze  =  Thread  Goby. 

Misaki  (Aoki) ;  Kolie  (Jordan). 

517.   |101()|  Glossogobius  brunneus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 
Ur(i-}i(tZ('  =  Rain  (ioby. 

Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Lslukawa). 

518.   [1012]  Chaenogobius  macrognathos  (Bleeker).     t''A:/(/o/-/  =  Wet  ditch  Fish. 

Yodo  River  at  K>'oto  (Jordan);  brook  at  Yamawa,  Kagoshima  Bay,  and 
brook  at  Kumamoto  (Wakiya);  Himeji  (Abe);  Aomori  (Beppu);  Lake  Biwa  at 
Otsu  (Jordan  and  Kawamui-a);  Lake  Hakone  (Jordan);  Lake  Kasumigaiu'a  (Hat- 
tori)  ;  near  Yamaguchi.    Generally  very  common  in  ponds  and  estuaries. 

519.   [1013  and  1018]  Chloea  castanaea  (O'Shaughnessy). 

Gobius  castaneus  O'Shaughnessy,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (V)  XV,  1875,  p.  145. 
Chloea  castanea  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIV,  1901,  p.  79. 
Chloea  nakamura'  Jordan  and  Richardson,  Pioc.  U.  S.  N.  AL,  XXXIII,  1907, 

p.  265,  fig.  3. 
Chloea  senba>  Tanaka,  Zool.  Mag.  XXVIII,  1917,  p.  228. 


3()S  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Kaohi  Eiver  at  Nagoyti  and  in  tiil)utary  of  tlie  8umida  River  near  Tokyo 
(.loidan);  Aomori  (Beppu);  Noo;  Akita;  Fukui;  Morioka  (Awaya).  Generally 
coiiinioii. 

This  species  varies  considerably  witli  the  lornlity,  hut  a  study  of  an  extensive 
series  has  not  resulted  in  the  (k^fining  of  any  shar]ily  mai'ked  races.  We  nic  there- 
fore comjielled  to  refer  to  (\  castnnea  two  of  the  local  forms,  which  have  l)een 
iiaincd  ii(il.-iu/iur(c  and  scnbcv.  The  variations  seem  to  involve  chiefly  the  propor- 
tiiiiis.  The  head  is  contained  from  2.9  to  3.75  times  in  the  standard  length;  the 
upjx'i'  jaw  2.2  to  3.0  times  in  the  head. 

520.   |l()20l  Chasmichthys  gulosus  (Cuichenot).     I)(ir()me  =  Mud-eye. 

Misaki  (Aoki). 

One  male  nearly  black  in  color. 

521.   [1022]  Pterogobius  daimio  Jordan  and  Snyder. 
KisJiiki-lutzc  =  Brocade  Cioby. 
Mi-saki  (Aoki). 

We  have  nothing  to  add  to  the  di.scu.ssion  regarding  the  relation  of  P.  daimio 
and  P.  chipoidcs,  and  so  we  follow  the  last  conclusion  by  Jordan  and  Thompson'^' 
lh;it  the  two  are  distinct  species,  or  pei'liaps  geograjihical  races. 

522.   [1027]  Acanthogobius  flavimanus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Ma-haze  =  True  Goby. 

Alisaki  (Aoki);  Tokyo  niaiket  and  Kaclii  River  at  Nagoya  (Jordan);  Toba 
(Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  fi'csh-water  at  Kumamoto  (Wakiya);  Mikawa  Bay  (M. 
Isliikawa);  Himeji  (Abe);  Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ;  Lake  Biwa  (Jordan);  Fukaoka 
(Hamada);  Fukui  (Nonaka);  Noo;  Lake  Kasumigaura  (Hattori). 

The  sj^ecies  attains  a  considerable  size,  being  in  fact  the  largest,  as  well  as  one 
of  the  most  abundant  of  the  "Haze,"  coming  daily  into  the  markets. 

523.     ]103()]     Parachaeturichthys  polynema  Bleeker.     Higc-haze  =  Benrded  Goby. 
Kobe  (Jordan). 

524.    [10321    Chaeturichthys  hexanema  Bleeker.    I)ain(t))-liaze  =  D'i>>iiiitev-g,ohy. 

Shizuoka  and  Kobe  (Joi'dan);  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  JMikawa  Bay 
(M.  Isliikawa);  Fukui  (Nonaka). 

Doisal  rays,  Vlll-lf)  or  17;  anal,  13  or  14. 

'■'■'  Mem.  Car.  Mils..  \\.  1!)1  t,  p.  2.S1I. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922  309 

525.   [1034]  Ainosus  geneionemus  (Hilgendorf). 

Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

Two  adults,  80  to  82  mm.  long  to  the  caudal  base,  agree  well  with  Jordan 
and  Snyder's  description  of  half-grown  specimens,  except  that  the  spot  on  the 
posterior  jxirt  of  the  dorsal  is  less  prominent.  In  this  species  the  tongue  is  not 
strictly  truncate,  as  described,  but  is  slightly  emarginate. 

526.   [1035]  Triaenopogon  japonicus  Rendahl.    <S7/(;/,/-/(a~r  =  Summer  Goby. 

According  to  Rendahl  the  Japanese  species  of  Tritpnopinjon  is  distinct  from 
the  Chinese  Tricenopogon  barbatus  Giinther. 

We  have  but  mie  example  of  this  species,  taken  by  Hamada  neai'  T^ukuoka. 

527.   [1036]  Sicyopterus  japonicus  (Tanaka). 
Bozu-Jutze  =  Friest-gohy  (Shaven  Head). 

Five  specimens  from  the  River  Tonda  in  Kishu,  collected  by  H.  Kuroiwa, 
Sept.  17,  1922.  We  have  other  .si)ecimens  from  near  Uwajima  in  lyo,  Shikoku,  in 
\\hich  region  it  is  common. 

Body  above  anal  fin  with  hoi'izontal  rows  of  s]X)ts. 

528.   [1037]  Tridentiger  obscurus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).      Chichibu. 

Ctenoyobius  utriceps  Jordan  and  Thompson,  Ann.  Car.  AIus.,  \'I,   1914,  p.  287 

(Nagoya).    (Not  of  Regan.) 

Lake  Togo,  Tottori  (Inomata);  ficsh-water  at  Kumamoto  (Wakiya);  Kachi 
River  (Jordan);  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa); 
Himeji  (Abe);  Tonda  River,  Kishu  (Kuroiwa);  Aomori  (Beppu);  Lake  Biwa 
(Jordan);  ^lorioka,  Rikuchu  (Awaya);  Xoo,  Lake  Mikata,  Fukui. 

We  have  re-examined  the  material  recorded  by  Jordan  and  Thompson  from 
Xagoya  as  Ctenocjobius  atriceps,  and  ha\'e  found  their  specimens  to  be  referable 
rather  to  Tridrnfiarr  nbsninif;.  This  little  fish  is  generally  very  abundant  in 
estuaries. 

529.     [1039[     Tridentiger  bifasciatus  Steindachner.     .S7(?wa-/(«Z('  =  Striped  Goby. 
Hachi  River  at  Xagoya  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  ('SI.  Ishikawa). 

530.   [1049]  Luciogobius  elongatus  Regan. 
Noo. 


310  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

531.   |1()51]  Leucopsarion  petersi  Hilgendorf. 

A  series  of  this  diminutive  (iol)}'  was  collected  by  Y.  Tsuchiga  at  Isobemura, 
near  Yaniada  in  Ise. 

Genus  T^nioides  Lacepede. 

Two  species  of  this  genus  occur  in  Japan.  On  comparison  we  find  that  they 
agree  in  having  the  body  naked,  tlie  dorsal  and  anal  fins  united  for  their  full  height 
to  the  caudal,  the  soft  I'ays  in  each  fin  more  than  forty  in  number,  a  pair  of  small 
mental  barbels,  and  the  length  of  the  head  contained  one  and  one-half  times  in  the 
distance  l)etween  the  insertion  of  the  venti'al  fin  and  the  anus.  They  differ  widelj' 
however,  in  (ither  respects,  as  th(>  following  key  will  indicate: 

Key  to  the  Japaxese  Species  of  the  Genus  T.enioides. 

a.  Dorsal  fin  lu>i;iiiiiina;  soarcoly  hphind  tlio  inodprate  ppptoral,  which  is  inorp  tiian  two-tliirds  Ipngth  of 
vpiitrals,  which  pxtcnd  lialf-way  to  front  of  anal;  head  about  six  times  in  Ipngth  to  hasp  of  caudal 
(shown  too  short  in  Schlpgpl's  platp),  two-thirds  length  of  caudal  fin;  tlepth  of  body  10  in  length- 
dorsal  rays  VI,  44;  anal,  41;  mouth  very  obliciue,  its  angle  about  forty-five  degrees  with  the  vertical. 

lacepedei. 

on.  Dorsal  fin  beginning  well  behind  the  very  short  pectoral  fin,  which  is  about  two-fifths  length  of 
ventral,  the  lattpr  pxtpnding  two-thirds  distance  to  origin  of  anal;  head  7.5  in  length,  longer  than 
the  caudal  fin;  depth  seventeen  times  in  length;  dorsal  rays  VI,  4G;  anal,  44;  cleft  of  mouth  almost 
vertical ;  chpeks  not  tumid snyderi 

532.   [1054A]  Taenioides  lacepedei  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

We  have  a  specimen  of  a  Tcenioides,  which  is  oliviously  the  species  described 
by  Temminck  and  Schlegel,  but  certainly  not  the  one  called  T.  lacepedei  by  Jordan 
and  Snyder.  This  was  collected  l)y  Hamada  neai-  Fukaoka.  Dorsal  rays  \T,  44; 
anal,  41  (counting  the  last  ray  as  a  double  one). 

533.  [1054]  Taenioides  snyderi  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov.   Warazubc  =  Straw-Goby 

Tcenioides  lacepedei  Jordan  and  Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXIV,  1901,  p.  128, 
fig.  33  (not  Amhhjopiis  lacepedei  Temminck  and  Schlegel,  which  is  the  species 
listed  above). 

We  are  unable  to  identify  this  species  with  any  which  have  been  described 
from  East  Indian  waters.  Its  characters  are  intimated  in  the  key  insei'ted  above 
and  in  Jordan  and  Snyder's  description.  Tamioides  abbotti,  described  l)y  Jordan 
and  Starks  (Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXI,  1907)  from  Port  Arthur,  is  plainly  different, 
having  a  much  Icjnger  jiectoral,  reaching  much  beyond  the  ventrals,  a  longer 
head. 


JORDAN   AND  HUBBS:  JAI'ANIOSK  FISHES  COLLKCTKD   1!)22.  811 

l-nniily  PAl^\l'I<:KrilXE. 
534.   [1055]  Parapercis  pulchella  (Temniinck  and  S(.'lilegelj. 
Tard-yi.su  =  Tigcr-gisu. 
]\Iisaki  (Aoki). 

535.   |1()5()1  Parapercis  ommatura  Jordan  and  Snyder. 
T(il)a  (Joi'dan  and  Yainanioto) ;  Kobe  (Jordan). 

536.   |1()5S]   Neopercis  sexfasciata  (Temniinck  and  Schlegel). 

Yokohama,  Tokyo,  and  Kobe  markets  (Joi'<Ian);  Misaki  (Aoki);  Toyania 
(Yoshizawa) ;  Fukni;  Sliizuoka,  wliere  it  is  used  foi-  making  fish-cni'd. 

C'oloi-  in  formalin:  general  tone  jiink  on  dorsal  half  of  body,  yellow  on  lower 
sides,  grading  to  whitish  below;  the  colors  due  to  the  s]K)ts  on  th<>  centei'  of  the 
scales,  the  margins  of  the  scales  being  broadly  gray,  daiker  above,  ])ale  below. 
Head  with  narrow  lines  of  bi-illiant  yellow,  bi-eaking  up  into  spots  on  cheeks  and 
opercles,  the  most  i^rominent  line  running  from  the  suborbital  edge  backward  and 
upward  to  eye,  th(>n  backwaid  along  the  lower  orl)ital  mai-gin.  Ui)per  lip  yellowish 
posteriorly,  becoming  dusky  toward  symjihysis.  Soft  dorsal  witli  three  longi- 
tudinal sti-eaks,  the  jiroximal  and  mai-ginal  ones  yellow,  the  1ow(m-  median  orange 
and  the  upper  median  red;  the  dorsals  blackish  near  base,  whei-e  the  branches  of 
the  body-bars  extend  a  short  distance  upon  the  fin.  Caudal  barred  upon  u]ii)er 
edge  with  black  and  white,  mottled  reddish  and  dusky  medially,  becoming  blackish 
toward  the  extreme  white  mai'gin  yentrally.  Anal  with  the  front  of  each  inter- 
radial  membrane  yellow.  Pectoial  mostly  \yd\v  pinkish,  but  yellowish  towai'd  the 
broad  black  mark  at  base  of  fin  and  along  the  lower  edge;  ventral  pale  dusky. 

537.   [105!)]   Neopercis  multifasciata  (D()derlein). 

Oli-tora-fiisu  =  Off-shoi'e  Tiger-gisu. 
Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya);  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Family  TRIC'HODONTID.E. 
538.   1 1066]  Arctoscopus  japonicus  (Steindachner).     //r//r/-//^//r/ =  Gra.sshopper. 
Kushiro  (Tanaka) ;  Toyama  (Yoshikawa);  Noo. 

The  numl^er  of  dorsal  s]iines,  which  has  been  used  as  one  of  the  chief  generic 
characters  of  Arctoscopus,  vaiies  fi'om  nine  to  fourteen,  and  hence  may  be  as 
numerous  as  in  Trichodon.  The  s])ines,  however,  are  much  more  flexible  and 
weaker  than  in  that  genus,  and  the  two  doi-sal  fins  ai'e  mucli  nioi'c  widely  separated. 
The  pectoral  rays  are  also  nuich  less  thickened,  and  the  dermal  folds  on  the  lips 
mucli  smaller. 


312  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Family  URANOSCOPID^. 
Zalescopus  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:     ZulescopuH  toscv  Joi'dan  and  Hubb.s. 

This  genus  is  closely  related  to  Urnnoscopiis,  with  which  it  agrees  in  nearly 
all  characters,  but  from  which  it  differs  in  having  the  nuchal  region  densely  covered 
with  small  imbedded  scales,  and  the  suborbitals  wider.  In  Uranoscopus  the  nape 
is  naked.  Th(>  known  species  are  uniform  in  coloration,  or  nearly  so,  whereas 
those  of  Uranoscopus  mostly  show  a  highly  variegated  color-pattern. 

Key  to  the  Species  of  Zalescopus. 

(I.  Hes))iratniv  v;ilvc  jirdlciufieil  into  a  very  slender  non-finibriate,  hhifk  filament,  nearly  two-fifths 
length  of  head;  top  of  head  slightly  eoncave;  scapular  spines  stronger  and  longer,  less  tuberculate; 
))reopereiilar  spines  four,  stronger;  dorsal  rays,  IV-14;  scale-rows  all  directed  downward  and  back- 
wartl tosce. 

an.  Res|Mratory  valve  merely  pointed,  not  prolonged  into  a  retractile  filament;  top  of  head  (excluding 
minor  concavities)  about  flat;  spines  of  scapular  plate  shorter  and  more  strongly  tuberculate;  pre- 
opercular  spines  five  or  six;  dorsal  rays,  I\'-13;  several  scale-rows  below  interval  between  the  dorsal 
fins  usually  directed  downward  and  forward natsuma:. 

539.   [1()66B]  Zalescopus  tosae  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 

(Plate  XI;  fig.  3.) 

The  type  alone  is  known;  it  is  138  mm.  long  to  the  caudal  base,  and  was 
collected  at  Kochi  in  Tosa  on  the  island  of  Shikoku  by  Yojiro  Wakiya.  C.  M. 
Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7945. 

This  species  is  very  distinct  from  the  other  Japanese  species,  with  which  it  is 
compared  in  the  foregoing  key.  It  corresponds  in  most  respects  with  descriptions 
of  Uranoscopus  crassiceps  (Alcock),  a  species  inhabiting  considerable  depths  in 
the  Indian  Ocean.  It  appears,  however,  to  have  a  smaller  head  and  a  shorter 
retractile  filament,  and  jjerhaps  further  differs  in  the  scaly  nape  (a  character  not 
described  bj'  Alcock). 

Dorsal  rays,  IV-14;  anal,  13;  caudal,  12  (10  branched) ; pectorals,  18;  ventrals, 
I,  5.  Head  from  middle  of  margin  of  upper  lip  to  tip  of  opercular  fringe  2.8  in  total 
length  to  caudal  base;  greatest  depth  of  body,  4.15;  least  depth,  3.45  in  head; 
width  of  head,  1.15;  depth  below  occiput,  1.45;  length  of  orbit,  5.4;  of  snout,  6.3; 
least  interorbital  width,  5.65;  length  of  interorbital  fossa,  fi'om  front  of  lip,  3.85; 
extreme  width  of  gape,  2.35;  length  of  upper  jaw,  2.45.  Form  of  head  and  body 
and  course  of  contours  as  in  the  next  species,  except  that  the  top  of  the  head  is 
slightly  concave.  Armature  of  the  head  and  the  surface  sculpturing  are  as  de- 
scribed for  Z.  satsumce,  except  that  the  tubercles  are  somewhat  coarser,  the  pre- 
orbital  definitely  ridged,  the  preopercular  spines  only  four  in  number,  spines  of 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   l'.)2_\  313 

scapular  plate  freer  of  tul>ercles  and  longer,  tlie  largest  aliout  as  long  as  orbit,  and 
directed  almost  straight  backward,  the  hunicral  s])ine  less  deeply  gruDVcd,  and 
directed  almost  as  nnich  l)a('k\vard.  Upper  Up  obscurely,  lower  lip  strongly  but 
simply,  fimbriate;  respiratory  valve  smooth-edged,  produced  into  a  very  slender, 
flat,  unfringed  retractile  filament  of  blackish  color,  nearly  two-fifths  as  long  as 
head.  Teeth,  opercular,  branchial,  and  gular  menil^ranes  as  described  foi-  Z. 
satsumcv;  the  process  on  the  inner  edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle  much  more  obtuse. 
Squamation  as  in  Z.  satsutme,  e.xcept  that  none  of  the  scale-rows  are  reversed  in 
direction.  Fins  as  described  for  Z.  satsumce,  except  that  the  fourth  dorsal  ray  is 
half  as  long  as  head,  the  pectoral  and  ventral  rays  less  thickened. 

Color  unifoiinly  purjilish  l)rown  over  entire  body,  even  on  belly  behind 
ventral  fins,  but  much  darker  above  than  below;  first  dorsal  jet-black,  excei;)t  for 
a  narrow  white  l)ase;  second  dorsal  dusky,  with  a  darker  streak  on  each  meinbrane, 
and  traces  of  spots  along  the  sides  of  the  rays;  caudal  hght  dusky  with  narrow 
borders,  blackish  above,  and  whitish  behind  and  below;  pectoral  darkish  on  both 
sides,  except  along  the  exserted  tips  of  the  lower  rays;  anal  and  ventral  each  with 
considerable  dark  pigment,  that  on  the  ventral  located  in  a  long  indefinite  blotch 
near  the  inner  margin  of  the  fin. 

540.   [1067]  Zalescopus  satsumae  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 
Nirame-okose  =  Star-Okose.    {Okose  =  Poison-fish) . 

Uranoscopus  oligolepis  Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Jap.,  XVIII,  1914,  pi.  88,  fig.  286; 

XIX,  1915,  p.  327  (description  and  figure,  but  not  name,  nor  synonymy). 

Type  166  mm.  long  to  caudal  fin,  collected  by  Wakiya  in  Kagoshima  Bay, 
Province  of  Satsuma,  C.  !M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7949.  A  paratype,  182  mm.  long, 
with  the  same  data,  is  preserved  in  the  Stanford  Collection.  A  specimen  120  mm. 
long,  taken  bj'  Aoki  at  Misaki,  probably  belongs  to  the  same  species.  It  agrees 
with  the  specimen  from  Kagoshima  in  all  important  respects,  except  that  the 
color  is  darker  and  more  variegated  dorsally,  especially  toward  the  nape,  where 
distinct  blackish  reticulations  on  a  light  ground-color  may  be  seen. 

Zalescopus  satsumce  seemingly  is  closely  related  only  to  Z.  tosa\  to  whicli  it 
bears  a  striking  similarity.  The  two  species,  however,  apparently  differ  widely  in 
structural  features,  as  indicated  in  the  foregoing  key. 

Dorsal  rays,  IV-13;  anal,  13;  caudal  12  (10  branched);  pectorals,  IS;  ventrals, 
I,  5.  Head  from  middle  of  margin  of  upper  lij)  to  tip  of  opercular  fringe,  2.65 
(2.6)  in  total  length  to  caudal  base;  greatest  depth  of  body,  4.1  (3.75);  least  depth 
of  caudal  peduncle,  3.9  (3.5)  in  head:  width  of  head,   1.12  (1.15);  depth  below 


314  MEMOIHS  OF    rilK  ('AKNK(;ilO  MUSKUM. 

occiput,  l.()  (1.5);  length  of  orbit,  5.5  (5.(1);  length  of  .snout,  5.5  (5.());  lea.st  intcr- 
orhital  width,  5.3  (5.55);  length  of  interorl^ital  fossa  from  fi'ont  of  i)i-emaxillarie,s, 
3.G5  (3.8);  extreme  width  of  gape,  2.15  (2.2);  length  of  upper  jaw,  2.45.  Ventral 
contour  nearly  straight,  rising  from  ])ubie  si)ines  to  ehin  at  an  angle  of  about  120°; 
dorsal  contour  very  slightly  curved  from  tip  of  snout  to  dorsal  fin,  and  along  base 
of  second  dorsal;  head  and  trunk  depressed;  tail  (nniipressed,  becoming  thinner 
toward  caudal.  Head  angidated  \'eiitrolaterally,  rounded  dorsolaterally,  flat  on 
top.  Bones  of  head  widely  exposed,  covered  with  moderately  coarse  sculpturing, 
composed  of  tubercles,  which  are  at  once  united  to  form  a  reticulation,  and  aligned 
to  form  radial  ridges;  the  sutures  marked  by  rather  sharp  channels;  no  definite 
oeciintal  lobes  develo])ed;  preo])ercular  limb  joined  with  opercle  by  broad  bony 
ridges;  preopercle  with  five  or  six  spines,  and  sub()])erele  with  one  spine  at  lower 
mai'gin;  pre<)rl)ital  projecting  sharply  over  ui)i)er  jaw,  with  coarsely  emarginate 
borders,  but  without  definite  ridges  (except  in  smaller  .specimen  from  Misaki); 
suborbitals  widely  exjjanded,  almost  covering  upper  jiart  of  cheeks,  separated  from 
pn^opercle  by  a  naked  strij),  only  one-fifth  to  one-sixth  as  wide  as  the  oi'liit;  inter- 
orbital  fossa  widely  dilated,  rather  than  constricted  anteriorly,  not  extended 
backward  to  line  joining  posterior  margins  of  orbits;  scapular  plate  covered  with 
tubercles  to,  or  almost  to,  extreme  tips  of  spines,  of  wliich  one  to  thi'ee  of  small 
size  point  inward  and  backward,  the  largest  one  (shoiter  than  oi'bit)  outward  and 
backward;  humeral  sjjine  long  and  sharj),  smooth,  except  foi'  longitudinal  ridges 
and  grooves,  directed  backward  and  a  little  ui)wai'd,  its  length  one-half  gieater 
than  that  of  orbit.  Upper  lip  obscurely,  lower  lip  rather  strongly,  but  simply, 
fimbriate;  lower  (main)  respiratory  valve  smooth-edged,  obtusely  pointed,  not 
prolonged  into  a  retractile  filament.  Teeth  in  jaws  pointed,  larger  in  the  lower 
than  in  the  Ujiper  jaw,  in  two  series  on  fi'ont  of  mandible,  in  one  series  laterally 
(where  they  are  few  in  number)  very  large,  spaced,  sharp,  triangulai',  witli  com- 
pressed bases;  premaxillary  teeth  in  two  series  widely  se]iarated  by  a  band  near 
symphysis  and  more  narrowly  by  one  seiies  on  median  (anterioiO  half  of  sides, 
converging  to  meet  at  end  of  band;  teeth  in  a  patch  on  each  side  of  vomer  and 
on  each  side  of  palatine.  Opercular  membrane  finely  fringed;  gill-membranes 
largely  free  from  isthmus,  forming  a  fold  in  front  of  the  thive  pubic  spines,  and 
covered  by  a  foKl  of  the  gulai'  membiane;  inner  edge  of  shoulder-girdle  with  a 
rounded  fleshy  lobe.  Scales  arranged  on  ol)li(iue  ridges  (about  fifty  to  fifty-six  to 
caudal  base)  nuicli  as  in  Urandscopiis,  Init  several  rows  below  interval  between 
dorsal  bases  directed  reversely,  that  is,  downward  and  forwai'd;  ridges  continuous 
and  strong  on  caudal  peduncle;  entire  area  between  lateral  lines  dorsally  covered 


JORDAN   AND  IIUBBS:  JAl'ANKSE  FISHES  COLLKCTKD    1!)2_'.  315 

by  .small  iiiibtHklecl  scak'S.  Body  naked  on  belly  and  backward  to  a  line  lunninjj; 
from  base  of  humeral  spine  toward  the  anal  origin,  and  in  a  stiiji,  narrowing  pos- 
teriorly, along  anal  base.  First  dorsal  small,  extremely  flexible,  a  rounded 
triangle  in  outline,  nairowly  separated  from  the  .second  or  main  dor.sal,  in  which 
the  ra.vs  are  abmptly  lengthened  to  the  fourth  (or  thiid),  which  is  al)out  two-fifths 
as  long  as  the  head,  and  about  twice  as  high  as  the  anal;  caudal  sliari)ly  truncate, 
when  half  expanded;  posterior  margin  of  pectoral  truncate  above,  rountling  off 
gradually  below  into  the  lower  margin,  the  fin-margin  moderately  incised  between 
the  thickened  tips  of  the  lower  rays;  first  three  ventral  I'ays  much  thickened. 

Color  purplish  brown,  somewhat  jiuncticulate,  but  practically  uniform  in 
effect  dorsally,  becoming  whitish  below  (the  specimen  from  Misaki  shows  dark 
reticulations  above);  first  dorsal  jet-black,  excej^t  for  a  cleai'  base,  which  is  very 
narrow  medially;  second  dorsal  light  dusky,  with  olive  sjiots  along  the  edges  of 
the  rays;  caudal  similarly,  but  less  distinctly,  marked;  pectoral  on  both  faces 
dusky,  with  the  free  tips  of  the  thickened  rays  whitish,  and  with  traces  of  dark 
reticulations  just  inside  this  light  border;  anal  and  ventrals  whitish. 

Genus  Uranoscopus  Linnteus. 

Key  to  the  Jap.\ne.se  Species  of  Uranos<opits. 

a.  Respiratory  valve  smriotli,  merely  poiiited,  not  pruhiiigiMl  into  a  retractile  filaiiiciit  in  tiie  ailiilt"''; 
interorbital  fossa  smaller,  not  extended  backward  to  line  joininfj;  posterior  rims  of  nrliits,  and  normally 
more  or  less  constricted  anteriorly;  suboriiitals  smaller,  the  largest  little  or  no  loniicr  than  orliit; 
preopercular  spines  three  (a  fourth  rarely  interpolated);  head  less  than  one-third  the  standard 
length.  Occii)ital  lobes  well  developed;  sculpturing  of  exposed  bones  of  head  so  fine  as  to  feel  velvety 
to  the  touch;  dorsal  rays,  IV  or  V-13  or  14  (usually  14)''^;  scale-rows  40  to  (i4,  (usually  nmre  than 
50)  everywhere  aligned  along  definite  folils;  iijiper  half  of  boily  abruptly  darker  than  lower  parts, 
and  marked  with  more  or  less  rosette-like  spots  "of  rosy  or  yellowish;"  the  i>attern  sinnlar,  but 

finer,  on  top  of  head japoiiicus. 

aa.   Respiratory  valve  prolonged  into  a  slightly  fimliriate  retractile  fil.-unent  at  all  ages;  interorbital  fossa 
larger,   extending   backward   t<i   ;i   linr  j<iining   the   posterior   orbital    margins,    and    widely   dilated 
anteriorly;  suborbitals  wider,   the  largest  nearly  twice  as  long  as  orbit;   preopercular  s|)ines  four 
(rarely  six,  in    U.  bichirtiin);  sculjituring  of  head  coarser,  feeling  granular  to  the  touch;  head  more 
than  one-third  the  standard  length. 
b.   Retractile  filament  broad  and  flat,  sliort(>r  than  orbit,  rarely  reduced  in  adult  to  a  sh.arii  angle; 
occipital  lobes  well  developed;  head  oidy  moderately  rough;  dorsal  rays,  IV  or  V-12  or  13;  anal, 
13;  scales  larger,  the  rows  30  to  47,  everywhere  alignetl  along  definite  folds;  upper  half  of  sides 
'    darker,  marked  with  irregular,  but  entire  (/.  c,  not  rosette-like),  "rosy"  spots,  the  i)attcrn  ob- 
solescent on  head oligolcpix. 

'■''^  The  yfiung,  7  to  .S  cm.  long  tii  caudal  fin,  have  a  retractile  filament  of  moderate  length,  ))ale  in 
cf)l()r,  membranous  and  foliaceous,  which  liecomes  reduced  to  an  angle  of  the  valve  at  a  length  of 
about  9  cm. 

"''  The  last  soft  ray  is  divided  to  liase  in  botli  dorsal  and  anal  fins,  as  in  fishes  generally.  Throughout 
this  paper  this  double  ray,  having  but  one  interneural,  is  counted  as  one. 


316  MKMOIKS  OK    I'lll';  CAHNIOCilK  MUSIOUM. 

/)/).  l{ctractilr  lilaiiii-nt  thick,  alKiut  twice  as  \i>u<^  as  dibit;  occipital  l(il)cs  olisolcscciit  ;  head  cxtrcriirly 
rougli;  traces  of  light  spots  on  young  onl.\-;  tlic  l)o(ly  cidsscd  liy  two  blackish  liars,  dorsally  more 
or  less  (lisriiptcd  into  streaks;  top  of  liead  transversely  streakeil;  a  large  hhitcdi  on  cheeks. 

bicinctua. 

541.   |1()GS]  Uranoscopus  japonicus  Iloiittuyn. 
7V/////(o/i(/r/r-(*/,7Asr  =  ()hs("rv;it()ry-Sciilpiii. 

Tokyo  and  Osaka  markets  (Jordan);  Wakanoura  ("^'aiiiamoto) ;  Koclii;  Kago- 
shima  Bay  (Wakiya) ;  Toyama  (Yoshizawa) ;  Misaki  (Aoki);  Miyazu;  Noo.  C.en- 
erally  common  in  the  markets. 

The  scale-rows  are  highly  irregular,  being  often  fused  or  divided,  varying 
from  40  to  64.  None  of  the  rows,  liowever,  .show  any  t(>ndency  to  he  reversed  in 
direction,  as  tliey  are  in  Zalcscoputi  ndlsuiinr. 

542.   11067]  Uranoscopus  oligolepis  Bleeker. 

Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Fukui  (Xonaka);  Tokyo  market  (Jordan  and 
Snyder,  1900,  not  pieviously  recorded). 

Tanaka  has  confused  this  species  witli  Zdlcsmpus  satsuma'. 

543.  [1061)]  Uranoscopus  bicinctus  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

Mc(j(uu'-uu'u  =  Spectacle-fish. 

This  species  was  not  obtained  in  our  collection  made  in  1922,  Init  we  have 
examined  specimens  taken  by  Jordan  and  Snyder  in  1900  at  Tokyo,  Misaki,  and 
Wakanoura. 

544.  [107]]  Gnathagnus  elongatus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

A<i-)iiisliii>i(i  =  Blue  Lookout-fish. 
Miyazu,  Noo. 

Family  CALLIONYMID.E. 

545.  [1077]  Calliurichthys  doryssus  Jordan  and  Fowk-r.     A' »//;r77' =  Dragonet. 
Toba  market  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto). 

546.  [1078]    Calliurichthys  japonicus  (Houttuyn).     Yoine-guchi  =  Brk\e-koc\n. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan) ;  Wakanoura  (Yamamoto) ;  Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya) ; 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

547.   [1081]  Callionymus  lunatus  Temminck  and  Schlegel.     Numcri-l-ocJii. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan);  Mikawa  Bay  (M.  Ishikawa);  Misaki  (Aoki);  Noo; 
Obama. 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JATAXESE  FISHKS  COLLECTED   r.l_'2.  ol7 

In  females  the  spinous  dorsal  may  \n-  <'ntir('ly  black;  in  males  tlie  first  doisal 
spine  may  be  long  enough  to  reacli,  when  depressed,  beyond  the  end  of  the  second 
dorsal  base;  the  othei-  spines,  of  which  the  fourth  is  longest,  ai'e  nevci-  i)roduced. 

These  small  fishes,  like  the  species  of  Platycephalida\  go  in  tlie  markets  under 
the  general  name  of  Kaclii  (gncJii  in  composition). 

548.   [1082]  Callionymus  richardsoni  Bleeker.     Nczu)iii-(i(n-hi=l{-M-knv\\\. 

Tokyo,  Yokoliama,  and  Kobe  markets  (Jordan);  Toba  (Jcjrdan  and  Vania- 
motoj;  Mikawa  Bay  ['SI.  Ishikawa) ;  Fukui  (Xonaka). 

Jordan  and  Fowler'-^'  have  transferred  tlie  name  Calliiiinjnius  nilcitcicniu'c 
Temminck  and  Schlegel  (altering  the  spelling  to  i'(ilcncicnnc><i)  to  the  piesent 
species,  and  renamed  the  true  valcnciennci  as  a  new  sjx'cies,  ('(dUnnijiuu^  Jbinria. 
The  chief  distinctive  feature  of  "C  flagris,"  namely  the  produced  dorsal  spines,  is 
specifically  mentioned  and  figiu'ed  for  valenciennei  by  Schlegel.  The  \alid  name 
for  the  present  species  appears  to  be  C.  richardsoni.  The  name  (^(dlionyntus 
punctatus  Langsdorff,  apjilied  to  the  species  by  Richardson,  has  no  standing, 
having  been  based  upon  the  following  remark  by  Valenciennes: 

"Dans  son  etat  de  dessication  il  parait  uniformement  brun.  a\ec  dii  noir  a  la 
dor.sale;  mais  il  y  a  lieu  de  croire  que  ce  poisson,  frais,  avait  (luelques  taclics  ou 
points,  car  M.  Langsdorff,  (jui  le  rapportait  au  genre  des  platyccphales,  hii  avait 
donne  I'epithete  de  punctcdus." 

In  other  words,  Langsdorff  had  merely  misidentified  the  fish  as  Pbdyccphidus 
punctcdus  =  Cocius  cwcodilus. 

In  the  young  of  both  sexes  the  spinous  donsal  is  marked  with  an  ocellus.  In 
the  females  the  ocellus  persists  throughout  life,  while  in  the  male  it  usually-  (lis- 
appears,  being  gradually  replaced  by  a  black  border  on  the  fin.  Both  ocellus  and 
border  exLst  together  in  half-grown,  and  even  occasionally  in  large  adult,  males. 

549.   [1083]  Callionymus  beniteguri  .loi-dan  and  Snyder. 
Tobi-numcri=  Hawk-Dragonet ;  Bcfti-iiyuri  =  Red  Dragonct. 

Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Kobe  (Jordan);  Tatoku  Island  (Mikimoto) ; 
Mikawa  Bay  [M.  Ishikawa). 

550.   [1086]  Callionymus  valenciennei  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

CaUionymus  valenciennei  Temminck  and  Schlegel,  Fauna  .Iai)onica,  Pisces,  1845, 
p.  153,  pi.  78,  fig.  3. 

'^^  Proc.  U.  S.  X.  M.,  XXV,  1903.  ]i.  9.50,  fig.  fi. 


31cS  mp:moirs  of  thk  carnkoie  museiim. 

('(tlll<in!i/niisJl(i(/rls,]i)n\)\N  and  Fowlkr,  I'roc.  U.S.  N.  M.,  XXV,  1903,  p. 952,  fig.  7. 

K()1)0  market  (Jordan);  T()l)a  market  (.lordaii  and  ^'amamoto). 

Jordan  and  Fowler  adopted  the  name  "iuihnciciutc><i"  i'oi'  ('(iHidiiiiiitu^  riclutrd- 
sdni  Rleeker.  Temminck  and  Schlegel's  figure  certainly  does  not  re])re.sent  that 
species,  but  it  is  a  fair,  though  not  perfect,  representation  of  tlie  form  named 
"//ar//-/.s"  ])y  Jordan  and  Fowler.  The  produced  dorsal  si:)iru's  and  caudal  rays,  the 
foi'm  of  the  i)reopercular  spine,  and  the  coloration,  all  agree  much  bettei'  with 
('.  Ildf/ris  than  with  C.  richardaoni.  As  in  ('.  richnrdHoni,  the  dorsal  ocellus  is 
present  in  the  young  of  both  sexes,  but  becomes  lost  with  maturity  in  the  males. 
The  fin-rays  also  are  but  little  produced  in  tlie  young  males. 

Family  BLENNIID/E. 
551.     |1()',)9]     Blennius  yatabei  Jordan  and  Snyder.     /.sfwy//;/;(>  =  Surf  Silver-fish. 
Tatoku  Island  (Mikimoto). 

Dasson  Joi'dan  and  IIul)bs,  gen.  nov. 

Type:     Aspidoiittis  troasulus  Jordan  and  Snj'der. 

A  genus  of  Blcnniida'  characterized  by  having  the  jaws  with  fixed  comb-like 
teeth,  a  huge,  slightly  curved  canine  in  the  lower  jaw,  and  a  small  posterior  canine 
in  the  upjjer  jaw;  gill-opening  leduced  to  a  small  poie  al)Ove  the  pectoi'al  fin; 
dorsal  fin  nowhere  elevated.  It  differs  from  Pdroscirtes  in  having  the  doi'sal  rays 
all  low,  and  from  Aspidontus  in  the  greatly  restricted  gill-opening. 

This  genus  will  include  all  of  the  Japanese  species  heretofore  j^laced  in  Aspi- 
dontus. These  are:  [1102]  Dasson  ioxo2:omiS  (Jordan  and  Starks) ;  [1103]  Dasson 
elegans  (Steindachner) ;  [1104]  Dasson  trossulus  (Jordan  and  Snyder);  and  [1105] 
Dasson  japonicus  (Bleeker) . 

552.     [1105]     Dasson  japonicus  (Bleeker). 

Wakanoura  ( Yamamoto) ;  Misaki  (Aoki). 

The  lower  band  may  be  indistinct  on  the  body,  but  is  always  represented  on 
the  head  by  a  dark  shade,  along  which  a  few  dark  spots  are  placed ;  a  similar  spot 
is  located  on  the  base  of  the  pectoral,  and  several  more  on  the  stripe  behind  the 
eye.  There  are  2,9  to  32  teeth  in  the  upper  jaw,  29  to  30  in  the  lower  jaw,  not 
counting  the  pair  of  small  canines  of  the  upper  jaw,  or  the  pair  of  strong,  but  only 
gently  curved,  mandibular  canines.  The  lowei-  angle  of  the  caudal  fin  is  scarcely 
produced  in  specimens  smaller  than  the  type;  the  tyi)e  has  only  the  lower  lobe 
produced,  while  larger  ones  have  both  lobes  i^roduced.  The  species  attains  a 
length  of  90  nnn.  to  caudal. 


.loRDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  ('( )LLE(Ti;i)    I'.tL'L'.  .il'J 

Oncestuks  .I(ii(1;iii  and  Iluhh.s,  ji;t'ii.  iiov. 

Ty|)(':     I'ctrdsrirtcs  Jluciudtis  \V(>ber. 

Jaws  with  coinh-likc  teeth  fixed  in  tiie  l)()ne,  with  one  oi-  twti  smah  |)()slei-ior 
canines  in  the  upixT  jaw  and  a  very  larji;e  canine  ahiuptly  bent  hackwai'd  in  the; 
lowei'  jaw;  j>;ill-oponing  small,  sliorter  than  in  Aspidontits,  hut  much  w  idei-  ihan  in 
Dassoii  and  Pctroscirtcs;  dorsal  fin  I'ven,  not  emarginate,  nowheic  elevated;  hirm 
elongate,  not  strongly  compressed. 

The  only  species  known  is  a  little  fish  living  in  floating  sea-weed  in  the  East 
Indies,  ranging  northwaid  to  Japan. 

553.   [ll()5Aj  Oncesthes  fluctuans  (  \\'el)er). 

Petrn.scirtcs  fluctuans  Weber,  Notes  Leyden  Mus.,  XXXI,  1SS8,  p.   14(i;  Fische 

d.  Siboga-Expedition,  1913,  p.  541,  fig.  113. 

One  specimen,  42  mm.  long  to  caudal,  was  taken,  Nov.  15,  at  Wakanoura.  It 
agrees  fairly  well  with  Weber's  descrijition  of  the  s])ecies,  based  ui)on  si)eciniens 
taken  in  the  East  Indies.  The  -wide  range  of  the  species  may  Ije  attributed  to  its 
habit  of  accompanying  floating  sea-weed. 

Body  moderately  compressed,  slender,  the  greatest  depth  thiough  the  pectoral 
region  being  contained  G.4  times  in  the  length  to  caudal  fin;  length  of  head,  in- 
cluding opercular  membrane,  4.0  times,  excluding  the  membrane  4.35  times  in 
body.  Head  conical  in  outline,  the  snout  .slightly  attenuated,  narrowly  rounded 
at  tip,  and  very  slightly  overhanging  the  mouth,  its  length  e([ual  to  oi'l)it,  contained 
3.6  times  in  length  of  head  (with  membrane),  a  little  greater  than  interorbital 
width.  Mandibular  canines  long  and  fang-like,  bent  abruptly  backward  nearly  at 
a  right  angle;  premaxillary  canines  two  in  number  on  each  side,  either  the  anteiior 
or  the  posterior  one  the  larger;  eighteen  smaller  teeth  across  the  front  of  each 
jaw,  of  which  the  outermost  two  of  each  .side  are  reduced  in  size.  No  liaibels. 
Gill-opening  about  as  wide  as  the  ba.se  of  pectoral,  about  two-thirds  of  its  length 
opi)o.site  that  fin.  Dorsal  extending  from  the  occiput  to,  but  not  Ix'yond,  the 
extreme  anterior  end  of  the  procurrcnt  caudal  rays.  Dorsal  rays,  36;  anal  rays,  27. 
Height  of  the  dorsal,  when  ex]ianded,  less  than  half  depth  of  body,  but  the  longest 
ray  is  two-thirds  depth.  Length  of  the  truncate  caudal  a  little  greater  than  half 
of  head.    None  of  the  fin-rays  produced. 

A  wide  dark  Ijrown  band  extends  from  the  eye  to  the  caudal  base,  shaiply 
separating  the  body  into  an  upper  dark  and  a  lower  lightei-  half;  the  lower  edge  of 
the  band  runs  along  the  mid-line  of  the  .sides,  extending  to  near  the  caudal  Ixise, 
where  the  band  dips  downwai'd  to  join  the  black  spot  on  the  base  of  the  caudal 


320  MEMOIRS  OF  TIIK  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

fin.  Tlic  Ixxly  is  crossed  by  e'glit  iiairow  lij^lit  wcdfrcs,  widest  and  most  distinct 
dorsally,  wlicrc  tlicii-  ceiitci's  are  darkened.  l\\v  dart:  cross-hais  bet  ween  the  liii;ht 
ridges  are  e.xteiided  into  the  dorsal  and  anal  tins,  which  also  le.ss  definitely  show  a 
subniedian  dark  longitudinal  streak,  which  runs  just  within  a  i)ale  streak. 

Family  PHOLID.E. 

554.  |1114|     Enedrias  nebulosus  (Temminck  and  Schlegel).     G';7(/w  =  Silver-fish. 

Tokyo  market  (Jordan);  Toba  (Jordan  and  Yamamoto) ;  Mikawa  (M.  Ishi- 
kawa);  Misaki  (Aoki).     Generally  conim()n  in  the  markets. 

Family  STICH.FID^. 

555.  1 1141]     Dinogunellus  grigorjewi  (Herzenstein).     iVa^azuA:w  =  Long-straight. 
Nog. 

556.   [1144]  Lumpenus  fowleri  Jordan  and  Snyder. 
A^MWte-(/a2;j  =  Stitch-eye  BIcnny. 

Kushiro  (Tanaka). 

Dorsal  spines,  75  to  77.  Abundant  northward,  used  in  making  Kamoboku, 
or  fish-curd. 

Family  ZOARCTD.E. 
557.  [1151B]  Furcimanus  nakamurae  Tanaka. 

Furciinanus  ndkdinurcc  Tanaka,  Fig.  Desc.  Fishes  Japan,  XVIII,  1914,  p.  303, 

p\.  82,  fig.  276. 

One  specimen  of  this  recently  named  species  is  in  the  collection  from  Hachi, 
collected  by  Nonaka,  and  one  from  Xoo.  These  confirm  the  distinctive  features 
of  the  species,  as  outhned  by  the  describer. 

Genus  Lycogramma  Gill^ert. 

Lycogramma  Gilbert,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLVIII,  1915,  p.  364. 

This  genus,  based  on  Maynea  bninnea  Bean,  was  defined  by  Gilljert  as  follows: 
"A  deep-.sea  Lycodid,  without  ventral  fins,  with  wide  gill-slits  continued  well 
forward  under  the  throat,  the  two  narrowly  separated  anteriorly;  the  bones  of  the 
head  deeply  channeled  for  sensory  canals;  the  body  scaled;  the  lateral  lines  distinct, 
two  in  number,  the  anterior  running  high  on  sides,  parallel  with  the  back,  discon- 
tinuetl  at  a  point  about  one  orbital  diameter  behind  the  vent;  the  posterior  line 
beginning  below  and  slightly  in  advance  of  this  point  and  running  along  middle  of 
sides  of  the  tail." 


JORDAN  AND  HI:BBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1!)'22.  321 

•  To  tliis  we  may  add  that  the  scales  completely  cover  tlie  l)ody  to  the  occiput 
and  to  the  isthmus,  with  the  exception  of  an  area  about  the  u])per  end  of  the  jiill- 
opening.  The  vomerine  and  palatine  teeth  are  of  moderate  size,  and  aiian<i;ed  in 
from  one  regular  to  two  irregular  rows.  Tlie  head  is  liroad;  the  sensory  cavities 
are  about  as  broad  as  long. 

The  type-species  ranges  in  deej)  watei'  fi'om  Southern  C'alifoi-nia  to  Alaska. 

558.    [1157]    Lycogramma  zesta  (Jordan  and  Fowler).    SJiiro-genge  =  White  Bean. 

Bothruccmi  zesta  Jordan  and  Fowler,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXV,  1902,  p.  749,  fig.  3. 

—Jordan  and  Starks,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fish  Comm.,  XXII,  1902  (1904)  p.  601, 

fig. — Jordan,   Tanaka,   and   Snyder,    Jour.    ("oil.    Sei.,    Tokyo,    XXXIII, 

1913,  p.  400. 

This  species  corresponds  fully  with  the  diagnosis  of  Lycogrammn  given  above. 
The  obscure  lateral  lines,  although  described  as  absent,  appear  to  follow  the 
courses  as  descrilied  for  Lycogramma,  and  they  are  so  indicated  in  the  type-figure. 
The  premaxillary  teeth  comprise  a  narrow  band  toward  the  symjihysis;  the 
palatine  teeth  form  two  rows;  while  the  vomerine  teeth  are  strictly  uniseiial, 
considerably  enlarged,  and  only  five  in  nimiber,  thus  fewer  than  in  L.  brunnea. 

Zestichthys  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Tliis  genus  agrees  fully  with  Lycogramma,  as  described  above,  with  the 
following  exceptions:  the  body  is  scaleless  toward  the  head,  on  tlie  nape,  in  a 
strip  behind  the  jjectoral  fins,  and  on  the  antei'ior  half  of  tlie  abdomen;  the  latei'al 
lines  are  veiy  faint,  tlie  upper  one  short,  apparently  without  pores;  the  teeth  of 
the  jaws,  vomer,  and  palatines  form  villifoi-ni  liands;  the  head  is  narrow,  the 
sensory  cavities  much  longer  than  broad.     Type-S])ecies,  Zesticlitln/s  htnakir. 

559.   |1157A]  Zestichthys  tanak£e  Jordan  and  Ilubljs,    sp.  nov. 

(Plate  XII,  fig.  1.) 

Type,  a  specimen  49  cm.  long  to  caudal  fin,  collected  by  Shigeho  Tanaka  at 
Kushiro;  C.  M.  ("at.  Fishes,  No.  7951. 

Dorsal  rays  approximately  112;  anal  not  accui'ately  countable;  ])ectoi'al,  14. 
Head  and  trunk  together  contained  1.7  times  in  length  to  caudal;  head,  5.85; 
depth  of  body,  10.8.  Depth  vertically  Ijelow  tij)  of  occipital  crest,  1.9  in  heatl; 
width  of  head,  2.5;  width  of  moutli,  4.4;  length  of  ()rl)it,  2.5;  length  of  eye,  5.65; 
least  interorbital  width,  9.6;  jireorbital  length  of  snout,  5.2;  preocular  length  of 
snout,  2.8;  length  of  ui)pei-  jaw,  2.5;  mandible,  2.2;  distance  from  lower  end  of 


322  MEMOIRS  OP^  TIIE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

ji;ill-()])('niii<i;  to  l(i\v(>r  vd^fv  of  pcctofal  base,  2.8,  and  to  ti|)  of  mandil)le,  1.65;  length 
of  sill-slit,  1-9.  Head  and  body  conipicsscd,  l)econiinf2;  thin  ])ostenorly,  the  tliinness 
accentuated  l)v  tlie  height  of  the  doisal;  dorsal  and  ventral  contours  of  head 
similar.  Heatl  very  soft  and  cavernous;  the  cavities  elongate,  irregular  in  form; 
maxillary  reaching  front  of  eye,  wIkmi  the  mouth  is  shut;  teeth  in  a  narrow  band, 
thos(>  of  outer  row  enlarged  and  well  spaced;  mandibular  teeth  in  a  rathei'  wide 
band  on  fioiit  of  jaw,  in  three  I'ather  even  rows  laterally,  those  of  outer  row  less 
enlarged  than  in  u])]X'r  jaw.  Vomerine  and  palatine  teeth  rather  .small,  villiform, 
in  a  small  x'oinerine  ])ateh  and  long  palatine  rows.  Gill-rakers  3+13  =  10;  short, 
clavate,  spiny  at  tip,  soft  and  translucent.  P.seudobranchise  present  at  edge  of  a 
pit.  Body  scaleless  on  the  nape,  the  anterior  half  of  the  abdomen,  and  a  connecting 
stri))  behind  tlu^  ]i(>etoial  base;  th(>  head  wholly  naked;  bf)dy  elsewhere  covered 
with  very  small  moderately  imbricated  scal(>s;  the  fins  partly  scaled,  the  scales 
becoming  reduced  in  size  and  isolated  towai'd  the  margins  of  the  fins.  Individual 
scales  vertically  oval  in  shape,  with  the  focus  a  little  basad  of  center;  the  circuli 
concentric  with  the  margin;  tlie  radii  numerous,  strong,  symmetrically  radiating 
in  all  directions  from  the  focus.  Principal  lateral  line  median,  beginning  over  the 
vent,  preceded  by  a  crease  without  poics;  u])])er  lateral  line  a  series  of  pale  spots 
extending  a  short  distance  backward  from  the  upper  angle  of  the  gill-opening, 
a])paiently  without  pores.  Vertical  fins  completely  confluent;  dor.sal  beginning 
behind  head  a  distance  ecjual  to  length  of  eye,  very  high,  rising  to  two-thirds  depth 
of  body  over  the  anus,  and  exceeding  the  height  of  tail  posteriorly,  its  greatest 
height  2.S  in  head:  anal  much  low(>r;  pectoi'al  somewliat  jiointed,  1.55  in  head; 
ventrals  absent. 

( "olor  a  light  brown,  becoming  darker  on  the  belly;  fins  du.sky,  darkening 
towai'd  margins,  and  becoming  blackish  towai'd  caudal.  Named  for  Dr.  Shigeho 
"Fanaka,  who  collected  the  type. 

Allolepis  .Jordan  and  Hubbs,  gen.  nov. 

Ty]ie:     Allolepis  holhindi  Jordan  and  IIubl)s. 

Doisal  fin  composed  of  .soft  rays  only,  nowhere  especially  modified;  ventral 
fins  absent;  jM'ctoral  fins  normal;  gill-openings  wide,  but  not  extended  far  forward 
below;  the  gill-membi'anes  attached  to  sides  of  isthmus;  premaxillary  teeth  in  an 
e\-en  outer  row,  considerabh'  enlarged  anteriorly,  and  in  a  very  narrow  band, 
nanowing  to  a  single  inner  .series  laterally;  mandibular  teeth  in  a  rather  wide 
b.'iiid,  with  the  outer  series  not  much  enlarged;  vomerine  teeth  forming  a  small 
patch;  palatine  teeth  in  a  band,  with  the  imiei'  row  somewhat  enlarged;  pseudo- 
br.anchia"  pi-eseiit ;  gill-iakers  reduced  to  stubs;  head  covered  with  rounded  scales 


JORDAN'  AND  IIUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  323 

behind  eyes;  body  covered  with  elongate  non-imbricatc  scales  arranged  at  right 
angles  as  in  Anguilla,  Syiia phobranchus,  and  other  eels,  as  well  as  in  Otnplu'ditun 
and  Murcenolepis  (all  these  unrelated  forms);  no  distinct  lateral  line. 

06(1.  Allolepis  hollandi  Jordan  and  Hul)l)s,  sp.  nov. 
(Plate  XII;  fig.  2.) 

Type,  322  mm.  long  to  caudal,  collected  near  Fukui  on  the  Sea  of  Jajian,  by 
Nonaka;  C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  Xo.  7952.  A  somewhat  smaller  paratyp(\  also  from 
Fukui,  is  retained  at  Stanford  University. 

Dor.sal  rays,  about  115;  pectoral,  17.  Head  and  trunk,  1 .9.')  in  length  to  caudal ; 
head  (i.l");  d('i)t]i,  9.0;  depth  vertically  lielow  tip  of  occiiiital  cre.st,  1.8  in  head; 
width  of  head,  2.G;  width  of  mouth,  4.0;  length  of  orbit,  3.0;  length  of  eye,  3.S; 
least  interorbital  width,  6.8;  preorbital  length  of  snout,  4.9;  preocular  length,  3.5; 
length  of  uj^jicr  jaw,  3.0;  mandible,  2.G;  di.stance  from  lower  end  of  gill-opening  to 
lower  edge  of  pectoral  ba.se,  3.2,  and  to  tip  of  mandible,  l.O;  length  of  gill-slit,  2.2. 
Head  and  body  rather  evenly  comj^res.sed  throughout;  orbit  entering  dorsal  jirofile; 
snout  obtusely  jwinted  and  projecting  a  little  beyond  mouth;  maxillary  reaching 
below  front  of  pui)il.  General  texture  rather  soft;  head  with  large  sensory  cavities 
and  pores.  Dentition  and  sciuamation  as  described  under  the  generic  heading. 
Skin  lax. 

Individual  .scales,  very  small,  une([Ual,  always  elongate,  with  various  outlines 
and  .set  at  different  angles;  the  focus  .submedian:  the  circuli  jiarallel  witli  margin 
of  .scales;  radii  o'f  each  scale  numerous,  strong,  radiating  in  all  directions  fiom  the 
focus.  Lateral  line  not  evident,  reduced  to  faint  creases.  \'ertical  fins  completely 
confluent;  dor.sal  beginning  behind  head  a  distance  equal  to  length  of  pupil;  the 
fin  of  moderate  height,  nowhere  as  deep  as  body  at  same  jioint,  the  longest  rays 
2.3  in  head;  anal  much  lower,  but  symmetrical  with  dorsal  near  caudal;  i)ectoral 
somewhat  pointed,  1.65  in  head;  no  trace  of  ventrals. 

Color  pale  pinkish  brown,  darker  along  dor.sal  ba.se  and  top  of  head,  and  on 
opercle.     Vertical  fins  indistinctly  margined  with  blackish. 

Family  CARAPID.E  (Fiemsjcrickv). 
561.   [1159]   Jordanicus  sagamianus  (Tanaka).     A7//,»/T-(/»'r(  =  Hiding  Fish. 

Campus  sagamianus  Tanaka,  Annot.  Zool.    .lap.,  VII,   1908,  ]).  40;  Fig.   De.sc. 

Fishes  .Tap..  2,  1911,  ]i.  26,  pi.  27.  fig.  2    (Misaki). 
(?)  Carapus  sagatnius  Fra\z.  Abh.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  \'ol.  I,  Sujijil.  4,  1910,  ji.  31, 

1)1.  5,  fig.  25  (Misaki). 


324  MEMOIRS  OF  TIIK  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Eight  t()i)otypes,  like  tlic  types,  taken  hy  Aoki  at  Misaki.  If  Franz's  state- 
ment as  to  liis  specimen  tioin  Kagosliima,  tliat  tlie  gill-membranes  are  broadly 
j()ine<l  to  the  isthmus  is  eoncct,  his  fisli  must  belong  to  another  genus.  His  figure, 
liowcxcr,  closely  reseml)les  Jordntnciis  saf/diiinuius. 

Family  AMMODYTID.'E. 
562.   [11()3|  Hypoptychus  dybowskii  Steindachner. 

A  number  of  ixistlarval,  but  very  young,  si)ecimens,  apparently  belonging  to 
tills  species,  wei-e  found  in  the  stomach  of  a  small  Oncorhjnchus  from  Miyazu. 

Ilj/pojiljichiis  ^tcinihirlincri  P'ranz""  does  not  a])i)eai-  to  be  sufficiently  char- 
actei'ized,  and  is  ])i-oliably  the  same  as  H.  (Ifiboirskli. 

Family  BROTULID.F:. 
563.   [1165]  Brotula  multibarbata  Temminck  and  Schlegel. 

Ildclii-iiird  =  Weasel-fish. 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

564.   [1166A]  Monomitopus  kumae  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov. 

(Plate  XII;  fig.  3.) 

Type  a  specimen  363  nun.  long  to  caudal  fin,  collected  at  Misaki,  Japan,  by 
Kumakichi  Aoki  (usually  affectionately  known  as  "Kuma"),  for  whom  we  name 
th(^  s])ecies.  The  specimen  is  in  the  Carnegie  Museum,  (\  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7954. 
No  other  si^ecimens  were  secured. 

This  species  is  similar  in  many  ways  to  Monomitopus  tongiceps  Smith  and 
Iladcliffe,'"  but  differs  more  oi-  less  in  nearly  all  the  counts  and  measurements.  It 
is  p(>i-haiis  even  closer  to  Monomitopus  microlepis,  described  l>y  the  same  authors. 

Dorsal  rays,  100;  cautlal,  9;  anal,  86;  pectorals,  28.  Head,  4.7  in  standard 
length,  gibbous  and  cavernous,  rather  broadl\-  tiuncated  anteriorly;  depth  of 
body,  5.6;  eye,  6.8  in  liead,  elliptical  in  outline;  snout,  3.75;  very  broadly  rounded 
when  viewed  from  above;  interior  face  of  rostral  fold  with  a  membranous  projec- 
tion on  each  side;  a  deep  recess  on  each  side  of  premaxillary  processes;  maxillary 
broad  and  emarginate  posterioi-ly,  extending  the  length  of  the  eye  behind  eye; 
length  of  ui)i)er  jaw,  1.9;  interorbital  rounded,  its  least  width  3.5  in  head;  least 
sul)oibital  width,  8.5;  nostrils  without  definite  tubes,  but  the  posterior  margin  of 
each  a  little  elevated,  the  second  .separated  from  \\w  eye  by  two-fifths  the  ocular 

'''■'  iM-anz,  Al.li.  I'.aycr,  Akud.  Wis<.,  V..1.  1,  Su|)|)l.  4,  li)ll),  p.  S,  ].!.  .-).  fig.  2S. 

"'  l{,-i(lcliiri",  Pnif.  U.  S.  N.  M..   XI. 11,   I'.UM,  p.   14'.t,  pi.  il,  fii^.  2  (China  Sea,  off  Hong  Kong;  524 

ftithdiiis). 


JORDAN  AND  HUBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   1922.  325 

diaineter,  and  from  the  fii'st  hy  half  the  length  of  the  eye.  Teeth  all  subgranuhir, 
in  moderate  bands  on  the  jaws;  a  long  broad  patch  on  vomer;  the  two  arm.s  of  the 
vomerine  teeth  united  anteriorly  into  a  rounded  cluster;  the  premaxillary  band 
almost  entirely  expo.sed  throughout  its  length,  when  the  mouth  is  clos(>d.  Opercle 
with  a  single  strong  spine;  preopercular  margin  very  thin,  emarginate  between 
three  verj'  weak  spinous  jirojections;  suborbital  bones  forming  the  inner  and  outer 
boundaries  of  large  sensor}'  canal,  the  last  inner  lamina  extended  backward  to 
within  the  length  of  a  ]iupil  from  the  jireopei'cular  ridge;  gill-rakers  5+ 18  or  19  =  23, 
6  or  7  rudimentary;  pseudobranchiae  large,  but  two  in  number  on  each  side; 
pyloric  coeca  nine,  extended  in  a  broken  ring  around  the  gut  near  the  pylorus, 
one  end  of  the  series  divei'ted  backward  toward  end  of  gall-duct.  Scales  small, 
cycloid,  deciduous,  al)out  12  from  origin  of  first  dorsal  to,  but  not  including,  lateral 
lines;  fins  scaly  at  base;  head  completely  scaled.  Each  .scale  long  and  narrow, 
rounded  oblong  in  outline;  the  focus  apicad  of  middle;  circuli  not  angulated,  con- 
centric with  scale  margin;  radii  numerous  and  wide  on  basal  field,  Init  mdimentary 
or  absent  on  the  lateral  and  exposed  fields,  where  the  circuli  are  joined  by  reticu- 
lations. Lateral  lines  indistinct,  owing  to  loss  of  scales,  traceable  backward  about 
to  middle  of  length  of  tail.  Dorsal  and  anal  continuous  with  caudal;  distance 
from  tip  of  snout  to  dorsal  origin,  4.0;  to  anal  oiigin,  2.5;  distance  of  anal  from  lower 
end  of  pectoral  base,  more  than  nine-tenths  length  of  head;  pectoral  fin  2.1,  ventral, 
3.0  in  head. 

Color  blackish  biown,  Ix'coming  blackish  on  fins  and  aliout  the  gill-opening 
and  moutli;  Iniccal,  l)ranchial,  and  peritoneal  cavities  black. 

5G5.   [1169]  Hoplobrotula  armata  (Temminck  and  Schlegel). 

Shizuoka  (Jordan);  Kochi  (Wakiya) ;  Miyazu.  In  this  genus,  the  ventrals  are 
inserted  far  foi'wai'd  under  the  eye,  almost  as  in  Opliidium.  the  species  in  fact 
much  resembling  Otophidium  iisiro  in  form  and  coloi\  The  scales,  however,  are 
different. 

Genus  Watasea  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

We  regard  the  jiresence  of  two  instead  of  a  single  s])ine  on  the  preopercle  as 
sufficient  gi'ound  for  the  ])rovisional  retention  of  Watasea  as  a  genus  distinct  from 
Neobytlutes. 

566.   [1170]  Watasea  sivicola  Jordan  and  Snyder. 

Two  specimens,  22  and  23  mm.  long,  one  from  Aoki  at  Misaki,  the  other  from 
Miyasu,  Kyoto-Fu,  on  the  Sea  of  Japan. 


32G  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

Tlicse  confinn  the  characters  attiil)Utc(l  to  this  species  by  Jordan  and  Thomp- 
son in  1914. '^^  Measui'cnients  in  Immhcdths  of  l('nji;th  to  caudal  base;  length  of 
upper  jaw,  .11;  pectoral  fin,  .11 ;  veiitial  fin,  .14  oi'  .155;  length  to  anus,  .41  or  .43; 
length  to  dorsal  origin,  .24  or  .20.  T:)orsal  rays,  94  or  95;  anal  rays,  77  or  79.  Donsal 
pale,  with  a  dark  border  posteriorly;  anal  pale  anteriorly,  with  a  dark  base,  which 
widens  posteriorly;  body  light  brown,  jialing  v(Miti'ally,  with  irregular  longitudinal 
rows  of  jiale  circles  on  dorsal  half  of  sides. 

Family   BREGMACEROTID/E. 
5()7.   [1173]  Bregmaceros  japonicus  (Tanaka). 

Three  specimens  from  the  Sea  of  Jajian,  fi-om  Toyama  (Yoshizawa)  50  to 
52  mm.  long  to  the  caudal  fin,  show  the  following  characters:  Head,  5.0  to  5.9; 
dejith,  0.7  to  7.3;  eye,  3.7  to  4.0,  ecjual  to  or  longer  than  snout.  Dor-sal  rays  1-47, 
the  anterior  lobe  of  the  main  fin  containing  14  or  15  rays,  the  following  rays  .short 
and  largely  disconnected,  but  grachially  becoming  more  connected  and  higher 
backward,  until  they  form  the  low  rounded  second  dorsal  lobe;  anal  rays,  48  or  49; 
scales  about  63  13.  The  detached  dorsal  ray  extends  only  three-fourths  the 
distance  from  occiput  to  the  oi'igin  of  the  doi'sal  fin  proper;  the  main  dorsal  and 
anal  lobes  are  each  higher  than  the  head  is  long. 

Family  GADID.E. 
568.   11174]  Gadus  macrocephalus  Tilesius.     7'rrra  =  Cod;  Madara  =  True  Cod. 

Osaka  market  (Joi-dan),  said  to  have  been  .shipped  fi-om  extreme  northw^estern 
Japan;  Ku.shiro,  (Tanaka). 

569.     |1175|    Theragra  chalcogramma  (Pallas).     ,S»/,T/o-r/r//7/ =  Skating-cod. 

Noo. 

Dorsal  rays,  12-17  or  18-19  to  20. 

570.    1 1182]  Physiculus  japonicus  Hilgendorf.     C///(/<;-(/(;m  =  Baby  Cod. 

Lotella  phycis  Gunther,  Cat.  Fishes  Brit.  Mus.,  IV,  1862,  p.  346.— Jordan  and 
Snyder,  Proc.  U.  8.  N.  M.,  XXIII,  1901.  p.  376  (not  of  Temminck  and 
Schlegel).''" 


"*  Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  \'.,l.  VI,  p.  mi. 

'■"  Soiiii-  (ithiT  rcccirils  (if  "  Ldti  11(1  jilii/rls"  may  refer  to  this  species. 


JOUDAX   AND   IIUBBS:  JATANKSK  FISHES  COLLECTED   l'.)22.  327 

I'lujsiciiliis  jiiptitiicus  lIiLdENDonF,  Sitzuii^sl).  (los.  Natviif.  Frt'unde,  Berlin,  1879, 
p.  80.— Jordan  and  Stahks,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fish  (  ninm.  XXII,  1902  (1904), 
p.  601.— Smith  mid  Pope,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXXI,  1900,  ]>.  494.— Franz, 
Ahh.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Vol.  I,  Su])pl.  4,  1910,  ])]).  27,  111,  p.  5,  fio;.  20  and 
pi.  10,  fi<;.  10  and  11.— Snyder,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLII,  1912,  p.  450.— 
Radcliffe,  Proe.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XLIII,  1912,  p.  lOO. — Jordan  and  Jordan, 
Mem.  Car.  Mus.,  Vol.  X,  1922,  p.  23. 
PIii/!^iriiliis  Icdiij)!  GiJNTHER,  Challenger    Rei)orts,  Deep  Sea    Fishes,  1887,  p.  88, 

1)1.  17,  fig.  A.  (not  of  Poey). 
Physiculus  (hihrigkii  Steindachner  antl  Doderlein,  Denk.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien, 
1887,  p.  279. 

Shizuaka  (Jordan);  Misaki  (Aoki). 

Tlie  pul)lished  figui'es  of  this  s])ecies  err  in  showing  tlie  abdomen  too  long;  in 
Franz's  figui-e  of  the  adult  (though  not  in  his  figure  of  the  young)  the  entire  anterior 
portion  of  the  anal  is  not  i'ei)resente(l.  The  origin  of  the  anal  lies  l)elo\v  the  first 
dorsal  fin.  Glinther's  figure  shows  scales  on  th(>  veitical  fins,  wliich  is  doubtless 
an  error. 

In  Phj/siciilus  jdjxitiiciix  the  teeth  of  the  jaws  become  strengtliened  outwai'dly, 
but  are  not  abrui)tly  laiger  in  an  outer  series.  Highly  characteristic  of  Physiculus 
is  the  scaleless  fossa  on  the  midventral  line,  undeilying  a  gland  having  a  duct 
leading  to  the  anus.  This  structuic  has  been  described  by  Franz  for  the  Japanese 
species,  and  w(>  have  found  a  similar  fossa  in  thix'e  Anieiican  species:  fulriis, 
nematapus,  and  nistnili(jrr. 

Family  ( '( )RYPH/EN()IDID.E  {Macrn,irid(p). 
571.    |1201|   Coryphaenoides  nasutus  C.iiiithei-.    SoLixlani  =  ]\'vp-wM('v  ("od. 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

572.  1 1214 1   Coelorhynchus  japonicus  (Tenmiinck  and  Schlegel). 

Hige  =  Moustache ;  Tojin  =  Stranger. 
Misaki  (Aoki). 

573.  [12()5A]  Caelorhynchus  gilberti  Jordan  and  Hul)l)s,  sp.  nov. 

Type:  a  specimen  184  mm.  long  to  arms,  or  402  nmi.  long  to  tip  of  tail,  found 
by  Di-.  Joi-dan  in  the  fish-market  at  Shizuoka.     (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7900.) 

Tills  sjiecies  is  entii'ely  unlike  any  other  known  from  Japan,  the  Philii)pines, 
oi-  the  East    Indies.     It   most  resembles  two  Hawaiian  species,    C.  dorys^sus  and 


328  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 

(\  nnilruui,  and  two  Atlantic  spocios,  ('.  occa  and  ('.  tdlismani,  but  differs  from  all 
in  tlic  weaker  spination  of  the  scales,  the  obsolete  denticulation  on  the  dorsal 
spine,  the  reduction  of  the  teeth  in  tlie  lower  jaw-  to  a  single  irregular  lateral  series, 
in  projiortionate  measurements,  etc.  Gilbert  and  Hubbs'^"  have  published  a  very 
useful  analytical  key  to  the  known  species  of  Ccelorhynchus. 

First  dorsal,  II,  8;  jiectorals,'  17-18;  ventrals,  7.  The  dorsal  and  ventral 
contours  are  strongly  arched,  converging  rather  gently  behind  the  trunk;  dorsal 
contour  of  snout  very  slightly  concave;  base  of  fii'st  dorsal  scarcely  oblique.  Great- 
est depth  of  body  ))elow  origin  of  first  dorsal  2.35  in  length  of  head;  greatest  width 
across  pectoral  bases,  2.65.  Sides  of  head  converging  rather  evenly  in  a  slightly 
convex  curve  to  ti]:)  of  the  narrow  acuminate  snout.  Preoral  length  of  snout, 
2.5  (2.65);  its  width  at  iiase  3.45;  its  width  at  anterolateral  angles  nearly  one- 
fourth  less  than  its  length  anterior  to  that  point.  The  infraorbital,  occipital, 
postorbital,  supraorbital,  supranarial,  and  mediorostral  ridges  are  for  a  Coelorhyn- 
chus  moderately  elevated  and  spiny;  preopercular  ridge  and  margin  pi'oduced 
backward;  subopercular  flap  long,  pointed,  directed  downward  and  backward; 
oi'bit  an  oblong-oval  in  outline;  its  length  greater  than  the  interorbital  width,  a 
little  more  than  twice  the  least  distance  between  occipital  ridges,  4.0  in  head,  1.65 
in  snout,  1.35  in  postorbital.  Upi)er  jaw  extending  from  below  membrane  between 
nostrils  to  below  middle  of  space  betw'een  pupil  and  posterior  margin  of  orbit,  its 
length  slightly  less  than  that  of  orbit,  contained  4.15  times  in  head.  Barbel  slender 
and  of  moderate  length,  contained  3.75  times  in  postorbital.  Teeth  in  jaws  of 
moderate  size,  a  little  strengthened  and  enlarged  in  outer  series  of  the  rather 
nairow  j^i-emaxillary  band;  those  of  the  mandible  in  a  narrow  band  at  the  symphysis, 
which  narrows  to  a  single  irregular  row  laterally.  Six  l)ranchiostegals.  Distance 
between  isthmus  and  base  of  ventral,  1.65  in  interval  between  ventral  base  and 
center  of  anus.  An  irregular  ventral  fossa  of  small  size  is  located  on  the  midventral 
line,  separated  by  only  two  scales  from  the  scaleless  isthmus.  Scales  smaller  than 
in  many  species,  being  in  six  or  seven  I'ows  from  the  oi'igin  of  the  first  dorsal  fin 
to  the  lateral  line,  five  and  one  half  between  the  anterior  ])ortion  of  the  second 
dorsal  and  the  lateral  line.  Scales  armed  with  a  median  row  of  strong  half-erect 
imbricate  spines,  increasing  in  strength  to  the  last,  which  extends  bej'ond  the 
scale-margin,  and  by  one  to  five  more  or  less  convergent  rows  of  very  much 
weaker  spines  on  each  side;  the  numbei-  of  latei'al  rows  averages  higher  on  the 
tail  than  on  the  trunk;  one  or  two  rows  adjacent  to  the  median  one  are  usually 
incomjilete.     Scales  on  the  head  and  na]ie  between  bony  ridges  are  pi'ovided  with 

""  Sec  Bulletin  U.  S.  N.  M.,  101),  1!I2().  p.  432. 


JORDAN  AND  HIBBS:  JAPANESE  FISHES  COLLECTED   l!t22.  329 

one  to  five  (usually  three)  strongly  divergent  rows  of  large  subeiiual  spines.  Seales 
of  the  infraorbital  ridge  from  tip  of  snout  to  ])elo\v  middle  of  eye  in  a  single  seiies, 
bearing  rows  of  spines  radiating  everyway  fioni  a  jjoint  near  the  lower  front 
corner  of  the  scales;  scales  on  posteiinr  half  of  the  ridge  in  two  series,  bearing  fewer 
but  stronger  ridges;  last  scale  is  unpaired,  armed  witli  spines  of  especial  strength. 
Terminal  rostral  scale  forming  a  moderately  sharp  straight-edged,  slightly  de- 
pressed spine,  bearing  about  twelve  radiating  rows  of  spines.  The  nine  scales 
which  follow  on  the  median  rostral  ridge  are  highly  specialized;  the  first  shield- 
shaped,  broader  anterioi-ly;  the  second  very  long  and  slender,  widening  posteriorly; 
the  next  six  with  parallel  sides  and  posterior  margins  forming  ol)tuse  angles;  the 
last  produced  backward,  but  not  pointed;  all  bearing  numerous  rows  of  spines 
radiating  in  every  direction  from  near  the  front  margin.  Scales  on  lidges  about 
the  eye  somewhat  resembhng  those  of  infraorbital  ridge,  but  on  tliose  of  the  oc- 
cipital ridges  the  spines  are  very  strong,  and  largely  restricted  to  a  single  row; 
median  occipital  scute,  preceded  by  a  small  naked  area  and  armed  by  three  strong 
imbricate  spines  and  one  other;  under  surface  of  head  wholly  scaleless.  Second 
dorsal  spine  weak,  smooth,  flexible  distally,  only  slightly  produced  Ix-yond  the 
soft  rays,  its  length  contained  2.9  times  in  head.  First  dorsal  base  slightly  shorter 
than  interdorsal  space,  contained  2.35  times  in  postorbital;  first  ray  of  second 
dorsal  nearly  as  long  as  pupil.  Pectoral  bluntly  pointed,  its  length  about  equal 
to  postorbital,  or  to  outer  ventral  ray,  which  is  filamentous,  about  one-half  longer 
than  the  next  ray,  not  nearly  reaching  anus. 

Color  pale  brown,  nearly  uniform;  lining  of  buccal  cavity  gray;  that  of  branchial 
cavity,  blackish;  first  dorsal  dark  dusky,  lighter  at  base;  second  dorsal  and  anal 
black;  pectoral  and  ventrals  blackish. 

Measurements  in  hundredths  of  length  to  anus;  (184  mm.)  length  of  head, 
.076;  orbit,  .19;  postorbital,  .255;  least  interorbital  width,  .165;  least  suborbital 
width,  .10;  distance  between  orbit  and  angle  of  preopercular  margin,  .26;  pre- 
ocular  length  of  snout,  .32;  preoral  length  of  snout,  .30;  width  of  snout,  at  base,  .23; 
width  of  snout  at  end  of  ethmoid  portion  of  infraorbital  ridge,  .185;  barbel,  .07; 
depth  of  body  below  origin  of  first  dorsal,  .32;  width  over  pectoral  bases,  .295; 
center  of  anus  to  base  of  outer  ventral  ray,  .25;  ventral  base  to  isthmus,  .19;  height 
of  second  dorsal  spine,  .255;  length  of  first  dorsal  base,  .11 ;  interdorsal  space,  .105; 
length  of  pectoral,  .25;  length  of  outer  ventral  ray,  .25. 

In  general  outline,  Gilbert's  figure  of  C.  doryssus  fits  this  species  almost 
perfectly. 


330  MEMOIRS  OK    IIIK  CAFiNKCilK  Ml'SKUM. 

Family   LOPIIIID.K 
574.   1121S|  Lophiomus  setigerus  (N'alil).     .1 /(/,o  =  Sc;i-(lc\il. 

Tokyo  aiul  Osaka  iiiaikcts  (Joi-daii) ;  Wakaiiouni  (Yamainolo) ;  Ivoclii; 
Kagoshima  Bay  (Wakiya);  Misaki  (Aoki);  Miyazu. 

In  the  younj;  the  longuc  is  black,  with  white  spots,  but  this  color  bccoiiics 
faded  and  indefinite  with  a,ii;c. 

Family  ANTENNAHIID.E 
57").    11219,  1220,  1221,  1222|    Antennarius  tridens  (Temminck  and  Schl('<;('l). 

Iz(iri-uu'(>  =  C'ripijle-iish. 

Tn  a  seri(>s  from  Misaki  (.\oki),  there  are  re])res('iit cd  the  color  phases,  whi(;h 
have  l>een  named  tridcii.s,  .'icripli.'isiiHUS,  satiguij'luii.'^  and  iiax;  we  think  all  these 
are  forms  of  one  highly  variant  species,  as  Fi-anz,  with  Jordan,  Tanaka,  and  Hnyder 
have  already  indicated.  They  aic  all  a])paientl.\-  color-phases  of  a  single  species 
which  widely  varies  in  coloiation,  according  to  its  en\ironnient.  The  form  called 
tridens  is  by  far  the  most  abundant,  l)eing  found  at  a  less  depth  than  tlu'  others. 

Family  C'HAUNAC'ID/E 
576.     [1225]     Chaunax  fimbriatus  Ililgendorf.     />////'//(-nAv).sr  =  Danger  Sting-fi.sh. 

One  six'cimen  SO  nun.  long  fi-om  tip  of  snout  to  caudal,  Kagoshima,  (Wakiya). 

Upper  {xvrts  covered  with  round  dark  spots.  Dorsal  rays,  10;  anal,  7.  The 
spinules  are  sharp  and  coarse.  This  specimen  was  obviously  taken  with  the  ab- 
dominal sac  dilated,  and  the  [Jelvic  fins  entirely  retracted,  in  the  fashion  of  a 
glove,  so  that  at  first  sight  they  seem  to  be  wanting. 

Family  OCCOCEPHALID/E 
577.   [122S]  Halieutaea  stellata  (Vahl).     .l/,7/f////,s// =  Red  Gutsu. 
Misaki  (Aoki);  Fukui  (Nonaka). 


332  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATK  V. 

Fig.  1.      Psychichthys  ciclolon,  ,I(inl;ui  ami   Hulihs,  sp.  nov.   Type,  from  Misaki,  Japan.     (C.  M.  Cat. 

Fishes,  No.  7779.) 
I*"iG.  2.     Oncorhynchus  adonis  Jordan  and  McGregor,  sp.  nov.  Type,  from  Lake  Ilakone,  Saganii,  Japan. 

(C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  77S4.) 
Fig.  3.     Oncorhynchus  knwamurtc  Jordan  and  McGregor,  sp.  nov.  Type,  from  Lake  Toyama,  Ugo,  Japan. 

(C.  M.  Cat.  F'ishes,  No.  77!S5.) 


MEMOIRS  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM,  Vol.  X,  No.  2. 


Plate   V. 


«^ 


Pxijc/iic/it/tijs  uiul  ()iii-iiilii/iithii> 


334  MEMOIRS  OK  THE  CAHNECilE  MUSEUM. 


KXI'LA  NATION  OF  PLATK  VI. 

Fi(i.  1.     Oncorlii/iirhus  ishlkau'w  Jordan  and  McGregor,  sp.  nov.      Tjiic.     Lake  Biwa  at  Otsu,  Japan. 

(C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7780.) 
Fig.  2.     Oncdrhi/tichus  macroHnmuif  (CUiiither).    Lake  Biwa  at  Otsii,  Japan.    (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7791.) 
Fig.  3.     Otirorhi/nchus  macroMnmus   (Ciiinther).      Type.     Lake   Hakone,  Japan.      (CM.   Cat.   Fishes, 

No.  771)0.) 


MEMOIRS  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM,  Vol.  X,   No.  2. 


Plate  VI. 


-?^ 


M:-"% 


-     1 


^ 


^i^^> 


I  htrnyhviirlius 


336  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  VIL 

Fig.  1.     Oiicurlujnchus  rhndurus  Jorilan  and  McGregor,  sp.  ni)v.     Ti/pr.     Lake  Hakone,  Sagami,  Japan. 

(C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  77il4.) 
Fig.  2.     Salvvlinus  idurius  (Hilgendorf).    Sliinshu  near  Nagano,  .Japan.     (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7790.) 
Fig.  3.     Snlrdinus  imbrius  Jordan  and   !\Ic(  !ri'g<ir,  sp.  iiov.      Ti/jir.     Hanuida,  Iwami,  Japan.     (C.  M. 

Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7797.) 


MEMOIRS   CARNEGIE   MUSEUM,   Vol.   X.,    No   2. 


Plate  VII. 


.:iiMiiiipa^^ 


:iy/wM&<'>'v'jJ&>:vM'M& 


;^0!^' 


ff  »*[- 


^^illfi  Ml»' 


,,-,S«li*^  - 


"^' 


.fiJSiiiiiiSii., 


\- 


Utinir]iiiiii-)riix  and  Siilrrliniis. 


338  MEMOIRS  OF  TIIK  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


EXJ>LANATI().\   OF  I'LATIO   VIII. 
(Scales  of  Japanese  Salnioiiid;!'.) 

Fk:.  I.  ()}ir(}rliiiiirhiis  rlKKliinix  .\i>ri\:ii\  -Awd  Mc(  ;ici;(ir,  Lake  ilakone. 

Fifi.  2.  Oiirorln/nclnix  rhoduruit  Joi'daTi  and  McClrcsor,  Lake  Hakone. 

Fir,.  :■!.  Oiirorhi/ncliuf:  gorliuschri  (Walliaum),  Hokkaido. 

Fjc.  4.  OiiiDiiiiiiichufi  adiiiiis  .Lirdan  and  MeCiresor,  Lake  Ilaknne. 

Via.  5.  Oiiroiin/nchut;  kdiiuimurir  Jordan  and  Mcdregor,  I'.ilo. 

I'ic.  G.  Oiirorhi/iirlivK  isliik'awa'  Joidan  and  McClrogor,  Lake  Hakone. 

Fic.  7.  Ilurhii  /nrri/i  (i'rexoort),  Nanetsu,  Ecliigo. 

Fi(i.  S.  Oiirorhijiirluiti  riKirrosiomus  (Oiinther),  Sliii)uka\va. 

Fk;.  il.  ()iicorhi/i)rhv>:  mficroslomiis  (CiCnitlifr),  Shilnikawa. 

Fio.  10.  I'linighissuf;  (///n'fh's  Temminck  and  SchlcK'd.  Korea. 

I''ii;.  II.  Oiirorliyiirlius  kcid  (Walhauin),  Sapporo. 

I'^ic.  12.  I'Irroglrisxus  (dlirclif:  Teinniinrk  and  Scldeficl,  Kuniamoto. 

Fio.  \.i.  Siilrrliintfi  l(  tn-dtiunus  (PnWa^),  Petropavlovsk. 

I''io.  14.  Siili'cliirufs  pliiriiis  (Hilgendorf),  Shinshu. 

I*'i(!.  15.  Stilrcliiiiit!  i III hr inn  ,]()r<\i\n  and  Medrefjor,  Iwanie. 

Fio.  1(1.  Sitlvrliiiiis  iiiiihmi  (Walhauni).  I't.  Hope.  Alaska. 

Fic.  17.  Sulnliiiiix  Kpii-inhilis  Giravd,  Montana. 

Fid.  IS.  (Iiiioiliiiiiiliiis  fiiriiinftaiiiis  (Jordan  and  Osliiina),  Sarainoa,  Formosa. 


MEMOIRS   CARNEGIE   MUSEUM,   Vol.   X,    No.   2. 


Plate  VIII. 


■^cale.s  of  Japaiie.-<e  Sulnuiniiln 


340  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


EXPLANATION  OF   PLATE  IX. 

Fig.  \.     A'f/(/?/K/ o.sY/A'(r,J(irclan  ;iik1  Kas.'iw.a,  s]).  iiiiv.    Tijpe.    Osaka,  .Japan.    (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7808.) 
Fi(i.  2.      Gnaduipognn  majinnc  Jordan  anil   IIuli))s,  s]).  nov.      Type.     Ping-yang  River,  Korea.     (C.  M. 

Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7S1G.) 
Fui.  3.      Belligobio  eristigiim  .Ionian  and  Iliihlis,  sp.  nov.     Type.    Okayama,  Japan.    (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes, 

No.  7820.) 
Fici.  4.     Ocyrri ii.-i  j(i ponieus  (Doderlein),  gen.  nov.    Tokyo  market,  Japan.    (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes,  No.  7859.) 


MEMOIRS   CARNEGIE   MUSEUM,   Vol.  X,    No.   2. 


Plate   IX. 


® 


.\ctuiii(i,  (Jnidhuixiyiiii,   BcUiyubio,  Uvycii w^. 


342  MIOMOIUS  OF  THE  CAKNKGIE  MUSEUM. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE     X. 
Fifi.  1.      lAopempheris  anxnkii  .Icirdaii  and   Hulilis,  s]i.  iiov.      Tiipc-     Tnhn,  Sliima,  Japan.     (C.  M.  Cat. 

Fishes,  No.  7S(iO.) 
FHi.  2.      MiiliikirJithi/f!  »v(A-///rr  .Jordan  and    lIuMis,  sp.   nov.      7'////r.      Kasosliinui,  ,Iapan.      (C.   M.   Cat. 

Fishes,  No.  7S(',:}.) 
Fic.  :5.      Hrarliiru.'i  hcUu.'f  .hirdan  and   Uuhl.s,  sp.   nov.      Tijpc.     Misai<i,  Saganii,  .Japan.     (C.  M.  Cat. 

Fishes,  No.  7894.) 


MEMOIRS   CARNEGIE   MUSEUM,  Vol.   X,    No.   2. 


Plate  X. 


/I 


^'*  1^  :- '!'  '^  ''I  ii 


1 1 


\/ 


V        \. 


'/?, 


Lu)j)iiiiplnii!i,  M(itiil:iiliUii/-'<,   llnic/iiitis. 


344  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


EXPT.AXATIOX  OF  PLATE  XI. 

Fig.  1.     Iburiella  kasawic  Jordan  ami  Hulilis,  sp.  nov.      Type.     Ku.-hiro,  Japan.     (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes, 

Xo.  7906.) 
Fig.  2.      Encaura  erides  Jordan  and  Huhb.-^,  sp.  nov.     Type.     Wal^anoura,  Japan.     (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes. 

Xo.  7931.) 
Fig.  3.     Zo/f.5fo/jM.s  to.w  Jordan  and  Hubbs,  sp.  nov.     Type.    Kachi  River,  near  Nagoya,  Japan.    (CM. 

Cat.  Fishes,  Xo.  7945.) 


*f 


c»: 


/N 


!^/' 


N 


346  MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


KXPI.AXATI(»X   OF   I'LATK   XII. 

Fk;.  1.      Zt'Mirhllii/x  tanakfr  Jordan  and  Huiilis,  .sp.  nov.     Ti/pc.     Kushiin,  .lapan.     (C.  M.  Cat.  FLshes. 

No.  7!I51.) 
Fic.  2.      Allolciiif;  IwUnndi  Jdi'ilan  and   Hulilis,  sj),   nov.      Tupc      Fukui,  .lapan.      (C.   M.   Cat.   Fishes, 

No.  7952.) 
Fig.  3.      Monnmitnpnx  kuimr  .Ionian  and  Hulil).^,  sp.  nov.     Ti/pc.     Mi.'<aki,  .lapan.     (C.  M.  Cat.  Fishes. 

No.  7'J54.) 


MEMOIRS  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM,  Vol.  X,   No.  2 


Plate  XII. 


1 


ijjj  j'Pjii 


Zestichlhys,  Allohpi.-i,  Mutioinilniiufi. 


INDEX 


abbrcviatiis,  ( ioiKuliyuchus,  loli 
alxloniiiialis,  Ahudcfduf,  ()8 
Abe,  Mr.  Ryohei,  94,  99 
Al)lennes  hians,  18 
Aboma  lactipes,  307 

tsiisbima:^,  307 
Abudefduf  al)dominalis,  68 
imparipiunis,  08 
saxatilis,  249 
sindonis,  68 
sordidus,  68 
al)uraco,  Hexagramnios,  276 
abyssali.s,  Lepidotrigla,  289 
Acahara,  177 

Acahara  hakoneasis,  178,  182 
jusanensis,  180 
phalacrocorax,  ISO 
Acanthias,  5 

Acanthias  blainvillii,  10(i 
megalops,  106 
mitsukurii,  105 
squalus,  104 
sufklii.  103 
vulgaiis,  105 
Acanthidium,  107 
Acanthidium  pusillum,  107 
Aeanthocepola  krusenstenii,  248 
Acanthocha^todon  septentrionalis,  253 
Acanthocybium,  213 
Acanthocybium  pet  us,  34 
sara,'34,  213 
solandri,  34 
acanthogenys,  Zacco,  184 
Acanthogobius  flavimanus,  308 
Acanthurida\  65,  253 
Acanthuiu.s  achilles,  65 
argent eus?  65 
atramentatus,  65 
l)l()chii,  65 
dussumicri,  65 
elongatus,  65 
gUntheri,  65 


guttatus,  66 

hy])sek)ptei-us,  66 

leucopaieius,  65 

matoides,  65,  253 

olivaccus,  65 

saiidviceii-^is,  ()(> 

strigosus.  6() 

triostegus,  66 

unil)ra,  65 

xaiithopterus,  ()5 
Aehcilognathus  cyanostigina,  162 

intermedia,  162 

hmceolata,  162 

linil)ata,  1()2 

rhonibea,  161 

tabira,  162,  1(53 
aehiHes,  Acantliums,  65 
Aelnrid^e,  301 

acipenscrinus,  jMataMK'epliakis,  22 
acrages,  Pseu(k)triakis,  102 
Acroponia  japonieum,  231 
Acropomidse,  231 
acideatus,  BaUsta])US,  85 
Gasterosteiis,  200 
aculeatus,  201 
Kentrocapros,  256 
acuniinatus,  Chirtodon,  61 
acus,  Dakitias,  108 
acuta,  Ophisoma,  195 
acutii)inni.s,  Sciuakis,  107 
acutii'ostris,  Eurymyctera,  17 
Acutonientum  iracundus,  268 
niatsul)ara>,  2()0 
scythropus,  269 
aeutus"  Fodiator,  19 
adanisii,  ^Nlinc^is,  275 
adenomas,  Diapkus,  12,  15() 
adonis,   Oncorkvnckus,   123,    127,    136, 

332,  338 
aMiviorea,  ( "ongermura'na,  196 
aniuoreus,  Le])tocepkakis,  13 
aerosa,  Scaridea,  75 


411 


412 


MK.MOlliS  OK    rilK  CAKNECillO  MIJSKUM. 


Aoto));iti(la\  no 
Aetobatus  iianiuiii,  5 

t()l)ij('i,  1 1() 
affine,  ^Nlyctophum,  11 
af finis,  Caranx?  38 

Chilomyctonis,  iSS 

Eutliymuis,  220 

Gaml)iisia,  92 

Synaiiliobi'anchus,  191 
agilis,  C'aniarasauiu.s,  352 
Agonidse,  290 
agoo,  ('vi).s(>lurus,  204 
Agostiiu,  A.,  348 
agranimus,  Agi-ammus,  27(5 
Agianinius  agi'ammus,  27(') 
Agi-iosphyi'a'iia,  30 
ahula,  Scarus,  75 
Ainocottus  ensigcr,  278 

fasciatus,  278 
Ainosus  geneionemus,  309 
ajax,  Carangoides,  41 
akajei,  Da.syatis,  114 
Akitani,  Mr.  K.,  95 
Ahpops  pliiithus,  298 
alalaua,  Priacanthujs,  47 
alalunga,  Germo,  33,  217 
alata,  Lcpidotrigla,  288 
alba,  Fkita.  190 
"Albatross,"  S.  S.,  1 
all)oscens,  Echeneis,  294 

Remorina,  77,  294 
alliiflora,  Xibea,  243 
albisona,  Dascylkis,  67 
albofasciatus,  ^^el:)asticus,  271 
alboplumbeus,  Sphoeroides,  258 
all)()ininctatus,  Gobius,  78 
all)()ta'iiiatum,  Sicydium,  79 
alboti^niatus,  Lepidaplois,  68 
all)()vittatus,  Stothojiilis,  69 
Albida,  6,  7 

virgata,  6 
Allmlidsp,  6 

Ak'ichthys  alcicornis,  280 
alcicornis,  Alcichthys,  280 
alcocki,  Xeoscopelus,  10 

Promylkuitor,  13 
Aldrovandia,  9 

kauaicnsis,  9 

])i-()b((sci(k'a,  9 

vcrtifaHs,  9 


Ak'ctis  ciliaris,  41,  224 

indicus,  41 
allctoratus,  luitliynmis,  31,  32,  220 
AUocongcr,  192 
Alloconger  flavirostris,  195 
Allolepis  liollandi,  323,  346 
aloha,  Roos(>v(>ltia,  48 
Alopias  vulpos,  4 

vulpinus,  101 
Ak)piida\  101 
Alticus,  83 

altirostris,  Seorpsenopsis,  55 
akivelis,  Plecoglossus,  147,  338 
altus,  Dryosaurus,  394-402 
Alutera  liturosa,  86,  255 

monoceros,  86,  255 

scri])ta,  86 
Aniciuiidte,  91 
Anu'iurus  nobulosus,  91 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History, 

1,  96 
Amia,  42 
Amioides,  44 
Ammodytida?,  324 
Ampliicoelias,  368 
Amphioxides  pelagicus,  3 
Anii)hi]:)rioiiiclithys  unipiima,  54 
ani})kis,  Ganiptosaurus,  392,  393 
Anampses  cuvicri,  71 

evermaniii,  71 

godeffroyi,  71 
Anago,  191 
Anago  anago,  193 
anastomella,  Tylosurus,  206 
Anchovic'Ua,  8 
aueitenso,  Thalassoma,  72 
AnguiUa  jai^onica,  190,  194 
anguiUaiis,  Pk)tosus,  158 
anguillicaudatus,  Misgurnus,  160 
Anguillida^,  190 

anguineus,  Ghlamydoselachus,  99 
anguk)sus,  Cautliidcrmis,  85 
angustirostris,  Limandella,  299 
anomala,  Psenopsis,  226 

Triacanthodes,  253 
anonyma,  ?8olea,  302 
Antennariida',  90.  330 


INDKX. 


4i:i 


Antennai'ius  l)ijiil)l)us,  '.K) 

commersoni.  90 

drombus,  90 

duescus,  90 

laysaiiius,  90 

k'prosus.  90 

nexilis,  90 

nox,  330 

sandviceusis,  90 

sauguifluus,  330 

scriptissimus.  330 

tridens,  330 
antennatu-s,  Bathypterois.  10 
anteorbitalis,  Diaplius,  150 

Lamprossa,  150 
Anticitharus  dcbilis,  25 
Antigonia  eos,  58 

steindacluieri,  58 
Antimora  microlepis.  22 
aiitranis,  Hymenoccplialus,  21 
Antrodemus.  355,  300 
Antrodemus  fragilis,  355 
Aoki,  'Sir.  Kuniakiclu,  95 
Apatosaurus,  300,  3G8.  370.  372,  374 
Aphareidff,  51 
Aphareus  flavivultiis,  51 

furcatus,  51 
Aylocheilus,  198,  199 
Aplodactylida^,  247 
Apoeryptes  chinensis,  304 
Apodes,  13 
Apogon,  42,  43 
Apogon  kiensis,  231 

lineatus,  230 

maculiforus,  42 

iiiger,  230 

semilinoatus,  230 
Apogonichtliys,  44 
Apogonichthys  cariuatu.s,  230 

waikiki,  42 
Apogonida',  42,  230 
appendix,  Entosphenus,  98 
Aprion,  50 
Aprion  microdon,  49 

sieboldi,  49 

virescens,  49 
Apristurus  platyrliynclius.  99 

spongiceps,  3 
Apsilus.  50 
Apsilus  mici'odon,  48 


Atiuatic    Resources    of    the    Hawaiian 

Islands,  1 
aquilolo,  Macn)pliai\\ngodon,  70 
Ai'aias  ai'ioninius,  298 
arati'uni,  ('(elorhynclius.  21 
Arclianiia,  43 

Arctoscoinis  japonicus.  311 
arcuatus,  C'lux'todontoplus.  (12 
Areliseus  joyneri,  302 

interruptus,  302 

])urpureoniacu!atus,  30:^) 
arenicob,  Scicops,  25 
ai'ge,  U])eueoides,  52 
argentatus,  Latilus,  248 
argenteostriatus,  ('oris,  71 
argenteus?,  Acanthurus,  65 

PamiKis.  220 
Argentina  semifasciata,  152 
Argentinidi3e,  152 
argentiventris,  Lai)i'aeoglossa,  239 
argentivittatus,  Germo.  33 
Argo  steindachneri,  225 
argus.  Cephalopholis,  4(3 

Opliicephalus.  207 
argyrea,  Synagrops,  43 
Argyriimiis.  S 

cphippiatus,  8 
argyromus,  [Nlyripristis,  27 
Argyrojieleciis,  9 

'heatlii,  9 
argyrophanes,  Saurida,  155 
ariakensis,  Parasalanx,  153 
Ariidse,  157 
Ariomma  evermanni.  35 

lurida,  35 
ariommus.  Ai'aias,  298 
Arisoma,  195 
Ariiis  maculatus,  157 
armata,  Hoplol)i-otula,  325 
armiger,  Rliechias.  14 
Arnoglossus  ja]K)nieus.  295 

tenuis,  295 

violacens,  295 
Arothron  ophryas,  87 
arsius,  Pseudorhonilnis.  290 
Aseraggodes  koliensis,  301 
asotus,  Parasilums,  159 
asper,  Rogadius.  280,  288 
asperella,  Sebastapistes,  54 
asperrimum,  C'lidodcrina,  300 


414 


MEMOIRS  OK  TIIIC  CAKMOCilK  MUSEUM. 


Asi)iil()ntus  (rossulus,  olS 
Asten'(){)tei'yx  st'mipuiiclatus,  77 
Ast(M'()si)()ii(lyli.  Ij 
astriiiius,  C'alliurichtliys,  80 
Astroeonger,  192 
Asti'ofongcr  niyriastor,  195 
Astrone.stliichr,"  S,  153 
Astronesthes  iijiniai,  153 

lucift']-,  S 

martcnsi,  153 
Ateleopidse,  24 
Atele(i])us  jilicatcllus,  24 
ater,  Eiichelyurus,  S3 
aterrimus,  Hymonoci'i^halus,  21 
Atliorcsthi's  cvcrnianni,  298 
Athoiina  bleekeri,  207 

tsurugfe,  207 
Ath(>nnida\  29,  207 
atlicrinoides,  Hynnoclus,  44 
athorodon,  ()]:)t()niinis,  20 
Atkinson,  William  Sackston,  97 
AtUinto.saurus  montanus,  355 
atramentatus,  Aeanthurus,  65 
atraria,  Cyclothonc,  8 
atficcps,  C'tenogolnus,  309 
atrilatus,  Pseudaspius,  177,  182 
atiipes,  Enneapterygius,  82 
atrisignis,  Cypselurus,  20 
atromarginatus,  Dalatias,  108 
Atido,  38 
Atuk'  polita,  38 
Aulichthys  japonieus,  199 
Auk)])idse,  153 
Aidopus  japonieus,  153 
Auk)rliyn('lud3e,  199 
AiUostomi.  27 
AiUostomidtr,  27 
Aidostomus  chinensis,  27 

valentini,  28 
aurantiacus,  Pseudobagrus,  159 
auratus,  Carassius,  91,  190 
aureohis,  Canthidermis,  85 
aureovittata,  Scriola,  222 
aureus,  Ciri'liitichthys,  247 
auriflamma,  MuUoides,  51 
aurora,  Pikea,  40 
Auxis  bisus,  220 

hira,  221 

maru,  220 

rochei,  220 


taiw'inosorna,  31,  220,  221 

t hazard,  31 
Awai,  Mr.  K.,  94 
Awaous,  78 

awoara,  Epin('])li('lus,  23(i 
axillaris,  Ilinalca,  09 

lulis,  69 
aygula,  Coris,  70 
azonus,  PIcurograinnuis,  276 
azurcus,  Sectator,  51 
azurio,  Chcerodon,  249 

BagritUf,  159 
l)ahiensis,  Cypselurus,  20 
baldwini,  ?I('mii)t(n-onotus,  74 
balia,  Scaridea,  75 
Balistapus  aculeatus,  85 

icftangulus,  85 
Balistida-,  84,  254 
ballieui,  Coris,  71 

Scbastapistes,  54 

Thalassonia,  72 
balteata,  Hinalea,  69 
Banjos  banjos,  238 
Banjosida:',  238 
liarbarus,  C;1Tiinoa,  100 
Barl)atula,  160 
Barbatuki  oreas,  161 
):»arberi,  Brachirus,  56 
barbouri,  Bathyalo])ex,  118 
barbus,  Hemibarbus,  172 
Barbus  homogenes,  165 

homozonus,  169 
Barilius  platypus,  184 
Barosaurus,  368 
bataviensis.  Scar  us,  76 
Bathyalopex,  116 
Bathyalopex  barl)ouri,  118 
bathybium,  Euthyopteroma,  240 
Bathygobius  fuscus,  78 
Bathypteroidae,  10 
Bathypterois  antennatus,  10 
Batoidei,  5 
beani,  Serrivomer,  14 
bedfordi,  Ctenogol)ius,  305 
Belligobio  eristigma,  172,  173,  340 
bellus,  Brachirus,  274,  342 
BelonidcT,  18,  206 
Bembradida^,  56,  283 
Bembradium  roseum,  56 


INDEX. 


41: 


Bcinbras  jai)()nicus,  283 
Beml)roi)s  filifora,  79 
beniteguri,  Callionyinus,  317 
bennetti,  Scarus,  7() 
bcnsasi,  Upeneoides,  245 
Boppu,  ]\Ir.  Yoshimo,  94 
bergi,  Pseudaspius,  ISO 
borndti,  Gymnothniax,  16 

Myripiistis,  27 

Polyniixia,  26 
bernissartensis,  Iguanndon.  396 
Hero  zanclus,  280 
Berycidse,  209 
Berycoidei,  26 
berycoides,  Doderleinia,  236 
Beryx  splendens.  209 
Bibliography  of  Hawaiian  Fish  Fauna,  2 
l>icinctus,  Uranoscopu.s,  316 
bicolor,  C'hsetodontopkis,  61 
bicoloratus,  Kareius,  300 
bidens,  Op.sariichthys,  189 
bifasciatus,  Tridentiger,  309 

Uponeus,  52 
bifer.  JuHs,  73 
bigililius,  Antennarius,  90 
bilinoata.  Lcjiidopsetta,  299 
l)imacula,  ( 'irrhitoidca,  53 
bimaculatus,  Cheilinus,  73 
binoculata.  Raja,  111 
bipinnatulus,  Elagatis,  37 
Bishop  Museum,  Bernice  Paualii,  2 
liispinosus,  Holacantluis,  62 
biwtr,  Cobitis,  160 

Clnathopogon,  171 

Golno,  169 

Leucogol)io,  172 
bixanthopterus,  Caranx,  37,  39.  224 
blarkistoni,  Salmo,  145 
l)lainvinii,  Acanthias,  106 
l)leckeri,  Atlieriiia,  207 

Ebosia,  274 

Enchelynassa,  15 

Halichceres,  251 
Blennies,  82 
Blennidse,  82 
Blennius  soi'didus,  82 

yatabei,  318 
l)lochii,  Acanthurus,  65 
Boaxodon  cvanescens,  47 
Bola,  242 


Boleophtliahiuis  pectinirostiis,  304 
boops,  8combr()i)s.  231 
borborus,  Scai'us,  75 
Bothida^,  294 
Bothrocara  zesta,  321 
Boulcngcrina,  41 
bowersi,  Gadomus,  20 

Leptocejihahis,  13 
Bowersia  ulaula,  49 
Brachirus  barl)cii,  nV) 

l)enus,  274,  342 

chloreus,  56 

jordani,  273 
brachycc])halus,  Exonautes,  204 
bi'achygramnia,  Foa,  42 
Bracliyopsis  rostrata,  293 
bracliyptcra,  Remoropsis,  294 
i)racliypterus,  Parexoca'tus,  19 
Brachysomophis  henshaAvi,  15 
bracliysomus,  Syna])hoI)ranf'hus,  13 
Bianiidie,  35,  225 
branchiostega,  ?Goryphania.  248 
Branchiostegidir,  248 
Bi'anehiostegus  japonicus,  248 
Brancliiostoma,  3 
BranchiostomidiP,  3 
Ijrandti,  Ricliardsonius,  177 
braueri,  Myctophuni,  11,  12 
Bregmaceros  jajionieus,  326 
Bi't'ginacerot ida>,  326 
Brephamia,  43 

breplioo(']ihalus,  Cottuncuhis,  279 
Brevig()l)i(),  161,  189 
Brevigobio  kawal)ata^,  161,  IS!) 
brevirosti'is,  Xaso,  66 

Squalus,  10() 

Triacanthus,  254 
l)revis,  P^xahias,  83 
Ijrevispino.sus,  Pungitius,  203 
brighami,  RooseveUia,  48 
Brontosaurus,  409 
Bro()k-lami)i-c'ys,  98 
Brotula  marginalis,  83 

muUiliai'bata,  324 

muUiciirata,  S3 
BrotuHda^,  83,  324 
iirowni,  Gamptosaunis,  3SS,  392,  393 
l)i'unneus,  lu'tcnias,  225 

Glossogol)ius,  307 

Scarus,  75 


416 


MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


Bryan,  William  Alaiisoii,  2 
Hi-\tt()sus  kawamebari,  235 
l)UiTaj>;ei,  Macroiirus,  21 
bui'sa.  Sufflamen,  85 
Butterfly-fishes,  58 
liutyiinus,  6 

cacopsis,  ScorpaMiopsis,  55 
Cielorhynchus  gilhorti,  327 
cffTulaiireus,  Csesio.  239 
ca'rulcouotatus,  Callionymus,  SO 
ca>i'ul(M)piiiiiatus,  Caranx,  40 
csprulesocns,  (iiiathopoj^oii,  1()7 

Leviciscus,  107 

Sciualiii.s,  107 
Cffsio  CBPrulaurcus,  239 

clirysozonus,  239 

luiuuis,  239 
Ctpsionidye,  239 
California  State  Fisli  anil  Clanie  Coni- 

niission,  90 
oaliforniensis,  Chiloniyctems,  SS 
Calleelielys  luteus,  15 
C'allifantlius  garretti,  07 

lituratus,  67 

nietoiiosojiliron,  67 
(  allioMymi(la\  80,  310 
C'allionymus  beniteguri,  317 

ea^nileonotatvis,  80 

coralliiuis,  80 

flagris,  317,  31 S 

limatus,  31() 

l)unctatus,  317 

richanlsoni,  317 

iul)i'Ovinctus,  80 

valenciennei,  317 

valenciennesi,  317 
('a!liui'ichthys  astrinius,  80 

decoratus,  80 

doryssus,  316 

japonicus,  316 

zanectes,  81 
Callyodon,  75 
ealvarius,  Silunis,  159 
C'amarasavirus  agilis,  352,  353,  355 

grandis,  352,  353,  371,  377,  378, 
380,  382 

iini)ai-,  352 

lentus.  352,  354-384 

lejitodiius,  352 


i-()bustiis,  352 

supreinus,  352,  353,  360,  367,  369 
370,  371,  376,  378,  380,  382 
Caniarasaurus:    carpus  of,  378;  caudal 
vertel)rff',  371 ;  c(>rvical  ril)s,  374; 
cervical  vertebra',  308;  clievrons, 
373;   dorsal  vertebrae,   369;  ex- 
ternal   openings   of   skull,    364; 
fore   foot,   378;    hind   limb   and 
foot,  380;  hyoid  arch,  367;  lower 
jaw,    3()3;    i)elvic    girdle,    380; 
osteological     features    of,     351; 
ribs  of,   374-375;  sacrum,  370; 
sclerotic  ring  of  eye,  366;  skull, 
358-363; sternal  plates, 377;  teeth, 
365;  vertebral  column  of,  367. 
Camptosauiida',  376 
( 'amptosaurus,  363 
Camptosaurus,  amplus,  392,  393 
l)rowni,  388,  392,  393 
depressus,  392 
dispar,  388,  392,  393 
medius,  385-393,  410 
nanus,  388,  392,  393 
caiididius,  Ctenogobius,  305 

Rhinogobius,  305 
canescens,  Zanclus,  04 
canina,  Cyclothone,  8 
Enchelynassa,  15 
Snyderidia,  84 
( 'aninoa  liarbarus,  100    . 
canis,  Mustelus,  100 
Cantherines  albojjunctatus,  80 
carol  ae,  86 
howensis,  255 
modestus,  254 
nigromaculosus,  86 
sandwichiensis,  86 
tessellatus,  254 
C'anthidermis  angulosus,  85 
aureolus,  85 
rotundatus,  254 
Canthigaster  bita-niatus,  87 
cinctus,  87 
epilamprus,  87 
jactator,  87 
jantliinus,  87 
oahuensis,  87 
psegma,  87 
I'ivulatus,  87 


indf:x. 


\ 


('aiithig;astcrida>,  87 
(•apisti'atus,  Sufflanien,  85 
Capoeta  eloiigata,  Ki") 

gracilis,  168 
C'api'odoii  sc'hlogoli,  2'AV) 
Cajiroida',  iyH 
Capropygia  spiloiiota,  S9 
C'aracantluda%  54 
Caracanthus  niaculatus,  54 
Carangidae,  1,  37,  222 
Carangoides  ajax,  41 

cciuula,  224 

evermanni,  41 

gymnostc-tlididcs,  40 

jordani,  40 
Carangus  hippoides,  39 

rhabdotus,  39 
Caranx  affiiiis,  38 

bixanthoptcrus,  37,  39.  224 

bo<)ps,  38 

fa'rulcoi)iiiiiatu.s,  40 

dassoii,  40 

elacate,  40 

foi'steri,  39,  224 

heberi,  39 

hi]ilioidos,  39 

igiiobilis,  39 

latus,  39 

luna,  40 

marginatus,  39 

melampygus,  39,  224 

pnnctatus,  40 

i-habd.otus,  39 

stellatus,  40 

thnm]isoni,  40 
C'arapida>,  323 
C'ai'apus,  84 
C'arapus  sagamianus,  323 

(?)sagamius,  323 
Carassius  auratus,  91,  190 
Carcharhinida',  3 
Carcharias,  3 

carcharia.s,  Carcharodon,  5 
Carcharinus  insularum,  4 

nesiotes,  4 

melaii()])terus,  4 

phorcys,  4 
Carcharodon  carcharias,  5,  102 
Cardinal-fishes,  42 


cai'dinalis,  Evynnis,  241 

KoUoggelia,  78 
cai-iiiatus,  Apogoiiichtliys,  2;!0 
carlsmithi,  Rhyacauthias,  4() 
carnegiei,  I)i])l<)d(H'us,  355 
Carnegie  Muscuni,  1 
carpio,  Cy])rinus,  91,  190 
Cai'iKis  and  foic  foot  of  ( 'aniarasanius, 

37S 
castanea,  Chloea,  307 
castaneus,  CJoliius,  307 
Catalog  of  the  Fishes  of  Japan,  90 
Catalufas,  47 
Catalupha  ja])onica,  227 

umbra,  227 
cataphractiis,  (Jasterosteus,  200 
Catfish,  91 

catocala,  Scoi'pa:>nopsis,  55 
Catidus,  preoccupied,  3 
r'audal  vertebra:^  of  Camai'asaurus,  371 
( 'aulol('])is  longiilens,  20 
cayuga,  Notro]:)is,  1(59 
celer,  Laosaurus,  403 
Centrarchida",  92 
( 'entrolii-anchus,  12 

chtt'rocephalus,  12 

gracilicaudus,  12 
Ccntrolophidse,  22G 
Centi'olophus  japonicus,  22(1 
Centi'ophorus,  108 
centropomus,  \'ellitoi-,  2S1 
Centropyge  diacantha,  02 

])otteri,  (J2 

tutuilse,  02,  63 
Centroscyllium  nigrum,  5 

ruscosum,  5 
Centroscymnus  owstoni,  107 
Cephalacantliida^,  57 
Cephal()i)holis  argus,  46 
Cephalo]:)terus,  6 
cei^ihalus,  Mugil,  29,  207 
Cepola  schlegeli,  249 
CepolidEP,  248 
c(>rasina,  Pseudojulis,  (J9 
Ceratiida>,  90 

Ceratosaurus  nasicoi'nis,  355 
Cervical  ribs  of  Camarasaurus,  374 
Cervical    vertebi'te    of    Camarasaurus, 

368 
Cetorhinida^,  102 


418 


MEMOIKS  OF  TIIK  CAKNEGIK  MUSEUM. 


Cftorliimis  iiiaxiinus,  102 
riupiiogobius  mucrognathos,  307 
CluPiionuigil  chaptalii,  29 
('luiTojulis,  250 
Clurtodon  acuminatus,  (il 

corallicola,  (iO 

('l)hii)i)iuin,  59 

ffeml:)lii,  59 

liiu'olatus,  5S 

kinula,  59,  252 

mantellisor,  59 

iiiiliaiis,  59 

oriiatissimus,  59 

]niiu'tatofasciatus,  59 

(luadrimaculatus,  59 

setifer,  58,  252 

trifasoiatus,  59 

unimaculatus,  59 
C'ha^todontichr,  58,  252 
ChiiPtodontoplus  arcuatus,  (52 

])icolor,  (il 
CluTtodontops,  59 
C'lurto])tei'us  diibius,  49 
CluTturichthy.s  liexaiuniia,  308 
chalecjgianima,  Theragra,  326 
Chalinura  ctonomelas,  20 
challcngeri,  Polyacanthonotus,  199 
(liaml)erlain,  Henry,  93 
('lianii)sod()n  fimbriatus,  80 
Chanida',  7 
dianos  clianos,  7 

('V])riiiella,  7 
olianos,  C'lianos,  7 
phai)talii,  C'luvnoniugil,  29 
Chascanoi^setta  proiigera ,  25 
Cliasniiehthvs  gulosus,  308 
(/haunacid^e,  90,  330 
Cliaunax  fimbriatus,  330 

vinibrinus,  90 
( 'hcilinoides  jordani,  73 
Cheilinus  t)imaculatus,  73 

hcxagonatus.  73 

.sinuosus,  73 

triloba! us,  73 

zoiuu'us,  73 
( 'licilio  incrmis,  71 
clu'ilo,  Urasjns,  40 
( ']ieilodaptylida\  53 
("heilodastylus,  53 
C'lieilodipterus,  44 


C'lii'lidoiiifhtliys  kuiiiu,  288 
C'helidoperca  hiniiidiiKicra,  236 
Clu'lon,  29 

Chevixms  of  ( 'amarasauius,  373 
cliileusis,  Sarda,  32 
C'hiloniyctcrus  affinis,  88 

californicnsis,  88 
C'hima?ra,  116 
('hinurra  mitsukurii,  119 

phantasnia,  IKJ,  119 

purpurescens,  6,  117 
riiinui'iidiP,  6,  116 
CliiiuaM-oidei,  6 
chinensis,  Apocryptes,  304 

Aulostoiiius,  27 
C'hlaniydes  lati('e])s,  78 
Chlamydoselachidse,  99 
C'lilamydoselaclms  anguineus,  99 
(.'hloca  ca.staiiea,  307 

nakamurjF,  307 

senl)cp,  307 
cldoreus,  Biticliiius,  56 
( 'hlorophthalmida',  1  ( ) 
Chloroiihtliahmis  ])roridcns,  10 
t'hloro.si)ilu,s,  Platopliiys,  24 
choerocephalus,  C'entrobranchus,  12 
Clurrodoii  azurio,  249 
( "hondrichthyes,  24 
Chonophorus  genivittatus,  78 

stamincus,  79 
Chromides,  67 
Chromis  elaphiais,  67 

not  at  us,  249 

verater,  67 
chrvscres,  C'hrionema,  79 

Myriliristis,  26 
ehryserydros,  Upcncus,  52 
chrysonemus,  Upeneus,  52 
Chrysoplii-ys  swinliouis,  240 
chrysorhyiifhus,  Diaphus,  12 
chrysozonus,  Caesio,  239 
cluia-tsi,  Sini]K'rca.  235 
ciliaris,  Ak-ctis,  41,  224 
cinctus,  Cauthigaster,  87 

Pk'ctorhynclius,  258 
cinerascens,  Kypliosus,  242 
cinereus.  Conger,  193 

i\Iur;pnesox,  198 
eiinianiomeus,  Pseudoi-lionibus,  296 
cirrhifer,  Monacantlius,  254 


INDEX. 


410 


( 'ill-hit ichtliys  aureus,  247 
( 'inliitida',  53,  247 
( 'irrliitiformcs,  53 
("irrhitoiclea  biniacula,  53 
C'irrhitus  niannoratus,  53 
cirrhosa,  Scoipjenopsis,  272 
Cirrostonii.  3 
Citliaroedus,  59 
citrincUus,  Tipnianotus,  55 
citrinus,  Hoplichthys,  57 
clarescens,  \'itraria,  78 
Clarias  fuscus,  92 
Clariidfe,  92 
Cleisthencs  herzcustcini,  298 

pinetorum,  298 
C'lidodcrma  aspci'rimum,  300 
C'linidiP,  82 

Clupanodoii  jHuictatus,  120 
C'lupoa  pallasii,  121 
Clupeidae,  7,  121 
clypeata,  Elcheueis,  294 
coarctatus,  Plato])ln'vs,  24 
CobitidfP,  100 
C'obitis  biwtP,  160 
C'ocius  crocodilus,  280,  287 
coelestis,  Pomacentrus,  249 
Coeloccphalus,  22 
( 'cclorhynchus  arati-um,  21 

doiyssus,  21 

S2;ladius,  21 

japonicus,  327 
Cogseshall,  Arthur  S.,  348 
Coggcshall,  Louis  S.,  348 
Coilia  ecteiies,  122 
coitor,  Scia^na,  242 
eolias,  Pnoumatophorus,  211 

Scomber,  210 
Collection    of    Fishes    from    Fiji    with 
notes    on    Certain    Hawaiian 
Fislies,  2 
Collylnis  di'achm(>,  35 
Cololabis  saira,  2()G 
coloratus,  Sebastapistes,  54 
commersoni,  Ant(>nnarius,  90 

Cybium,  214 
concatenatus,  Lactoplirys,  256 
Conchoderma,  19 
concolor,  Lentipes.  79 
Conger,  13,  191 


( 'onger  cinereus,  H)3 

conger,  194 

liabenata,  195 

japonicus,  194 

vulgaris,  194 
conger.  Conger,  194 
Congermursena  aMiuorea,  19() 

nasica,  196 
Congrellus,  13 
CongridEe,  13 
( "ongrina,  191 
Congrina  ret  rot  i  net  a,  197 
Congriscus.  191 
Congriscus  megastonnis,  193 
Congrogadidie,  83 
Congrogadus  marginatus,  83 
coniorta,  Sebasta])istes,  54 
consoi's,  Laosaurus,  396,  403 
copei,  Hemii)teronotus,  74 
Coradion  modestum,  252 
corallicola,  Cha'todon,  (J(J 

Tifia,  60 

StOxistajnstes,  54 
corallinus,  Callionymus,  80 

Samariscus,  25 
Coreoi)erca  herzi,  235 
Coris  argent  cost  riat  us,  71 

aygula,  70 

ballieui,  71 

eydouxi,  71 

flavovittatus,  70 

gaimardi,  70 

greenovi,  70 

lepomis,  70 

pulclienima.  70 

rosea,  71 

venusta,  71 
Cornet-fishes,  28 
cornuta,  Lactoria,  256 

Pleuronichthys,  298 
coronatus.  Hippocampus,  199 
cornutus,  Zanclus,  64 
CorypliEena  equisetis,  35 

hippurus,  35,  225 
?Cory])hana  brancliiostega,  248 
Coryi)lisenida?,  35,  225 
Cory])lia'noides,  21 
Coryi)ha^noides  nasutus,  327 
CoryphsenoididaN  20,  327 
Cottid;r,  277 


420 


MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNECilE  Ml-.SEUM. 


Cottiusfulus  goiu'z,  279 
Cottunculus  l)replu)cophalu.s,  279 
Cottus  kazika,  277 

pollux,  278 
crasprdurus,  Epiiu'itlichis,  235 
crassilabris,  Upeiu'iis.  52 
C'roa.ser  and  Hubbs,  98 
crocodilus,  Cocius,  28G,  287 
oruentatu.s,  Priacanthus,  47 
cnimoiialis.  Pelecanichthys,  25 
ci'umcnophthalnia,  Traohur()i).s,  38 
("ryptocentrus  filifer,  307 
Crystallias  matsu.shima\  293 
Ctenocluietus  stiiatus,  G6 
CtcMiogobius  atriceps.  309 

bedfordi,  305 

oandidius,  305 

hadropterus,  306 

siniilis.  305 

virgatulus,  306 
ctonomelas,  ( 'halimii-a,  20 
Cubiccps,  35 
cupido.  Tlialassoma,  251 
curta,  Hymenophysa,  160 
curtus,  Pai-al>embras.  281 
cuvicri,  Anamp.ses,  71 
cyanescens.  Boaxodon,  47 
ovannstigma,  AclKnloanatlms.  162 
('ybiida\  212 
( 'vl)ium.  213 

( 'ybium  commersoni,  214 
( 'yclothono,  8 

atraria,  8 

ranina.  8 

ihodadenia,  8 
ryolurus,  Leptoscarus,  75 
Cymolutes  leclupoi.  74 
Cyiiias  manazo.  100 
C'ynoglossidfe,  25,  302 
C'ynoglossus  iniisita.  302 

I'obustus,  302 
oypho.  t^alarias,  83 
Cyprinidfe,  91,  161 
('yi)rin()dontida\  92.  198 
Cyprinus  carpio,  91,  1!)() 

leucisous,  177 
Cypselurus  agoo,  204 

atrisignis,  20 

liahionsis.  20 

hirundo,  204 


simus,  20 

spilonotoptcrus,  20 
C'yttomimus  stelgis,  23 

dabryi,  Micropercops,  304 
Dactyloptena  orientalis,  57 
Dactyloptcridse,  290 
Daicocus  i)eterseni,  290 
dainiio,  Pterogobius,  308 
Dalatias  acus,  108 

atromarginatu.s,  108 
dahvigkii,  Physiculus,  327 
Damsel-fishes,  67 
Dascyllus  albisella,  67 

trimaculatus,  67 
dasson.  Caranx,  40 
Dasson  japonicus.  318 

loxozonus,  318 

trossulus,  318 
Dasyatida?,  5,  114 
Dasyatis  akajei,  114 

lunvaiiensis,  5 

lata,  5 

sclera,  5 

sp.?,  115 

ushiei,  114 
Dasj'cottus  ja])oiiicus,  277 

setiger,  277 
Dasj'scoi^elus,  10 

prist  ilepis,  10 

spiiiosus,  11 
dea,  Iniistius.  251 
Deania,  107 
Deania  eglantina,  107 

histricosa,  108 

nocturnus,  108 

rostrata.  108 
dobilis,  Anticitharus,  25 
Decapterus  lundini.  38 

maruadsi,  38,  223 

nuiroadsi,  223 

piniiatulus,  37 
decoratus,  C'alliurichthys,  SO 
delicatissimum,  Longirostrum,  224 
Dendrochirus  jordani,  273 
dent  ex,  Osmerus,  149 
Denticidse,  240 

denticulatus,  Metopomycter,  14 
depauperatus,  Hemirham]ihus,  18 
depressus,  Camptosauru.s,  392 


INDEX. 


421 


Description   of   Deep-sea   Fishes   from 
the  Coast  of  Hawaii  Killed  Ijy 
a  Lava-flow  from  Mavina  Loa,  2 
Devil-rays,  (i 
Dexistes  kitahartr,  300 

rikuzenius,  298 
diacantha,  C'entro])vstN  62 
diadema,  Holocentrus,  27 
diai)hana,  Lactoria,  256 

Sternoi^tix,  9 
Diaphus  adenomus,  12.  156 

ant  eorbi  talis,  156 

chrysorhynchus.  12 

filandulifer,  157 

latus.  156 

urolampus,  12 
Dibranohus  erythrimis,  91 

stellulatus,  91 
diego,  Pneumatoi)horus.  31,  211 
Dinoiiunelhis  iifigorjewi,  320 
Dinosaur  National  Alonument,  347 
Dinosaurs,  Ornithopodous.  385-410 

SaurojMidous,  347-384 
Diodon  holacanthus,  88 

hystrix,  88 

nudifrons,  88 
Diodontida\  88 
diphreutes,  Heniochus,  253 
Diplodocus,   354,   355,   358.   364,   368, 
370,  374 

carnegiei,  355 
Diplophos,  9 

pacificus,  9 
Dipterygonotiis  leucojii'ammieus,  47 
Discoceiihali,  77 

dispar,  Camptosaurus,  388,  392.  393 
Ditrema  temmincki,  249 
dodeeaedi'on,  Occclla.  291 
Doderleinia,  50 

berycoides,  236 
doderleini,  Epinephehis,  235 
Dolphins,  35 
dorobae,  Leuciscus,  182 
Dorosomidje,  120 

Dorsal  vertebrse  of  Camarasaurus,  369 
doryssus,  Calliurichthys,  316 

C'celorhynchus,  21 
draehme,  C'ollybus,  35 
Draciscus  sachi,  293 
Drac'onnetta  hawaiiensis.  SO 


Di'aconettida^,  80 
drombus,  Antennarius,  90 
Diyosaurus  altus,  394  402 
dubius,  (lurtopterus.  49 

Hippoglossoides,  298 

Scams,  75 
ductor,  Xaucrates,  37 
due.scus,  Antennarius,  *)0 
Dules,  41 

malo,  41 

mato,  41 
duperrey,  Thalassoma,  72 
dussumicri,  Acanthurus.  ()o 
DussumieriifUe,  7.  120 
Duyma^i-ia  flagellifera,  250 
dybowskii,  Hypoptychus,  324 

Ebosia  bleekeri,  274 

starksi,  273 
F>heneid2e,  77,  294 
Echeneis  albescens,  294 

clyiteata,  294 
Echidna  leihala,  17 

nebulosa.  17 

obscui-a,  17 

psalion.  17 

tritoi'.  17 

vincta,  17 

zel)i"a,  17 

zonata,  17 

zono]iha\i,  17 
echigonia,  Lefua,  160 
(>chigonius,  Alinous,  275 
ectenes,  C'oilia,  122 

Alacrourus,  21 
p]ctenias  brunneus,  225 
ectenurus,  Le])tocephalus.  196 

Rhyncocong(M',  196 
edentulus.  Salarias,  83 
Eels,  13 

eglantina,  Deania,  107 
egregius,  Vesi)osus,  24 
eidolon,  Psychichthys,  332 
elacate,  Caranx,  40 
elaphrus,  C'hromis,  67 
Elasmobranchii,  3 
clegans,  Dasson,  318 

Kyphosus,  51 

Sebastodes  (Sel)ast(»cles),  270 


422 


MKMOIUS  OF    TllIC  CARNI'XilE  xMUSEUM. 


Elegatis  bi])iiinatulus,  37 

pinnatulus,  37 
cloiigatus,  Cluathagnus,  ;)1() 

Lu('i()j2;o])ius,  309 
Eleotruhr,  77,  303 
Eleotris  oxycepliala,  304 

satuhviconsis,  77 
eloiigata,  Ilisha,  121 
elongatus,  Acanthurus,  ()5 

Cliiatli(>])()iu;()ii.  105 
El()i)i(la',  0,  ll't 
Elo]),s  hawaiicnsis,  (J,  119 

niachnata,  119 
Embiotocida',  249 
emblemarius,  Helioolciuis,  272 
Enimelas,  <>;laii('iis.  200 
Eninu'lic'lithyiche,  47,  245 
Encseura  evides,  303,  344 
Enclu'lyiiassa  lilcckcri,  15 

raiiina,  15 
Enchclyurus  atcr.  S3 
Encdi'ias  iicbulosus,  320 
Engraulida\  8,  121 
Engraiilis  jaiionicus,  121,  248 
engyceros.  Peristedioii.  50,  57 
Ennoaiieoti's,  82 
Enneapterygius  atripes,  82 
ensifer,  Holocciitrus,  27 
ensiger,  Ainocottus,  278 
entargyreus,  Xovaculichtliys,  73 
Eiit()S])lu'mis  ap])cndix,  98 

japoiiicus,  98 

mitsikurii,  98 
COS.  AiitigDiiia,  58 

Stethoi)rist('s,  23 
ophij^piatus,  Ai'gyii]inus,  8 
(>})hi])piinn,  Cluetodon,  59 
Epigomis,  45 
Ei)inephelida\  235 
Ei)in('pli('lus,  45 
Epini'ijliclus  awoara,  23G 

crasi)edurus,  235 

dodei'lciiii.  235 

(■l)ist ictus.  235 

moara,  23G 

moi-i-luia .  235 

qucnius,  46 

septcmfasciatus,  236 

tsiiimeiiai'a,  236 
(_'pil)liaiie.s,  Eviota,  77 


Eptativti(hp,  97 
Eptatretus  Inirgeri,  97 

okinoseanus,  97 
ociuisetis,  Coiyphiiena,  35 
('(juula,  Carangoides,  224 
ercodes,  Gymiiothoi-ax,  16 

Rudarius,  255 
<>r('b(Minus,  L('i)t(K'eiilialus,  194 
Erik'pida',  276 
Erilepis  zonifer,  276 
cristigma,  Belligobio,  172,  173,  340 
Erosa  erosa.  275 
eryngia,  Pallasina,  293 
orythrseus,  Holocentms,  27 

Ichthyocanipus,  28 
Eiythi-iehthys,  47 
orytlirinu.s,  Dil^ranchus,  91 

Mulloidcs,  51 

Prist iai)ogon,  42 
Ervthi-ocles  schlegeli,  47,  245 

seintillaiis,  47 
('lythi'odon,  Scaius,  76 
cso,  Saurida,  155 
esocinus,  Pseudogdbio,  174 
Etclides,  50 
Etelinus,  50 
Etclinu.s  niarslii,  49 
Etelis.  45,  50 
Etolis  evLirus,  49,  50 
Etinr)i)t('ius,  107 
Etmoptci'us  villosiis,  5 
Etmiiiciis  iniei'oiius,  7,  120 

othonops,  7 
Eugaleus,  3 

eugenius,  Quisquilius,  77 
Eule]it()rhamphus  longirosti'is,  18 
Eumcgistus  illusti'is,  35 
eurostus,  Gymnothorax,  16 
Eiiryniyctora  acutirostris,  17 
Euthyniius  alk'toratus,  31,  220 

affinis,  220 

lincatiis,  220 

pehiinis,  31,  220 

yaito,  220 
Euthyoptoronia  liatliybium,  240 

virgatum,  240 
cvanidus,  Pseudoclicilinus,  73 
Evcntognatlii,  91 
Evei'inanii,  Barton  Warren,  1 


INDKX. 


423 


evt'i-iiKiuiii.  Anainpsc's.  t  1 

Athort'stos,  298 

Arionuna,  35 

Canuigoicles,  41 

Lepidamia,  42 

]\Iyc'tnpluini,  11 
evide.s.  Encirura,  303,  344 
Eviota  ci)iphunes,  77 
evolaiis.  Zacco,  184.  185,  188 
Evolaiitia  microptera,  19 
evurus,  Etelis,  50 
Evyimis  cardinalis.  241 
Exallias  Ijrevis,  S3 
excelsa,  Loa,  (Roa)  01.  252 
Exoca'tkhr.  19.  203 
Exoctt'tus:  rulx'Sfcn.s,  19 

splendens.  203 

uiiicolor,  19 

volitaiLs,  19,  203 
Exonaute.s  brachycephalu.s.  204 

,dllK>rti,  19 
External  opeiiing.s  of  .skull  of  Caniaia- 

saurus,  364 
evdouxi.  ( "oi'is.  70 

fai'cinicn.  (i()l)i()i)tem.s.  77 
fasciata,  Oplcgnathu.s,  245 
fasciatu.s,  Ainocottus,  278 

Trachidermus.  277 
fcrmaiidcziaiius,  S(iualus,  107 
fil)ulatum,  ^lyctoplium.  11 
Ficra.sfer  homei,  84 

inicrodoii,  84 
Ficra.sferidge,  84 
filifer,  Cryptocentrus.  307 
filifcra,  Bembrop.s.  79 
fiinbriatus,  Champ.sodon,  80 

Chaunax,  330 
fishei'i,  Hij^pocampus,  28 

Xiphypojis.  64 
Fishes  of  Samoa  with  a   ("lieck-hst  of 

the  Fishes  of  Oceania.  2 
Fishing-frog.s,  90 
Fistularia  petiml)a,  28.  200 

.serrata,  28,  200 
Fistulariida?,  28,  200 
flaselhfera,  DuyuKtria.  250 
fkigris.  CaUionymus,  317 
Flammeo,  27 


t  kiln  mens.  ,--eliastode.s  (Sel)a.stosoinus;, 

2(iS 
fL'ivescens,  Zel)rasoina,  66 
fl;i\'icaiulus,  Si)liaiieli|-an('luis,  14 
fkivinianus.  Acanthogokius.  iiOS 
fkivii'osti'is,  Alloconger.  li)5 

Lei)tocei)iiahis,  195 
fhi\i\-ultus,  Aphai'eus,  51 
flavoniai'ginatus,  (iymnotiioi'ax.  16 
fkivovittatus.  ('oi'is.  70 
floi-eahs.  Sphei'oi(h's.  'S(\ 
fhictuaiis.  Oncesthes,  319 

Petroscirte.s,  319 
Fluta  all)a.  190 
Fhiti(he,  190 
Flying-fishes.  19 
Flying  Guinards.  57 
Foa,  44 

Foa  iM'acliygiannna.  42 
Fochator  acutus.  19 

I'ostratiis.  19 
fontinalis.  Salvelinus.  144,  145 
Forci]iiger  longirostris,  58 
formosanus,  Oneofhvnclius,  133.  338 
formcj.sus,  Scarus,  76 
foi'steri,  C'aranx.  39.  224 
fowlei-i.  Fumpenus.  320 

Mierodonophis.  14 
Fowieria.  44 
fi'agilis.  Antrodemus.  355 

Seepterias,  45 
fi'aterculus,  Upeneus,  52 
fi'eml)Iii,  Chjetodon,  59 
Fiigat e-niackerels,  3 1 
fujiyamse,  Rlieopreslje,  278 
fulvidiaeo,  Pelte()])agius.  159 
Funduhchthys.  199 
Fundulichth\'s  virescens.  177 
Fundulus.  199 
Fundulus  virescens,  199 
Furcaria  leucufa.  67 

ovalis,  67 
furcatus,  Apharevis,  51 
Furcimanus  nakamufir,  320 
Fufcina  ishikawa-.  280 

osinia',  280 
fusca.  Raja,  110 
fuscescens,  Rosicola.  260 

Sebastodes.  261 

Teuthis,  253 


421 


MK.MOIHS  OF  THE  CARN'KCIIK  MirsiOUM. 


I'u.sfipiiiiiis,  ( )(l()ntaiitliias,  40 
fascoliiieatus,  Sufflaincii,  <S5 
fuscus,  Batlivtiohius,  7S 

("!aria.s,"92 

Kypliosus,  51 

SyiKulus,  154 

'i'lialassoma,  72 

rroloplius,  115 

Catlida-,  ;!2(i 
Oudomus  howcisi,  20 

inclaiioptcrus,  20 
(iadus  niacroct'phalus,  32(5 
gaimnrdi,  ('oris,  70 
.sialactacnia,  Scl)astai)i.stes,  54 
Galeocerdo  tigriiius,  4 
galeodon,  Lactoria,  89 
C;al(M)ihinida;",  3.  100 
Clalcorhinus,  3 

Galeoiiiiims  japoiiicus,  3,  101 
( ialeus,  3 

(ianilnisia  affinis,  92 
garretti,  Callicanthus,  67 

Ttenianotus,  55 
Cia.sterosteida%  200 
Gasterosteus  aculeatus,  200 
aculcatus,  201 
niicroccpliaki.s,  202 
williamsoni,  201 

(■atai)hractus,  200 

iiisculi)tus,  200 

loricatus,  200 

ol)olarius,  200 

santa-anuif,  200 

traehurus,  200 
Gee,  Mr.  Gist.  95 
Gempylidie,  34,  221 
Gempylus  serpens,  35 

thyrsitoides,  35 
geneionemus,  Ainosus,  309 
genivittatus,  Chonophorus,  78 
geoffrovi,  Macropharvngodon,  70 
Germo,"  21(3 
Germo  alalunga,  33,  217 

argentivittatus,  33 

germo,  217 

macropterus,  32,  33 

pacifieus,  217 

sibi,  33,  218 
germo,  Germo,  32 


gihher,  Maciourus,  21 
gil)hifrons,  Rupiscartes,  83 
gibbosa,  Scorpsena,  272 

Scorpsenopsis,  55,  272 
gibbosum,  Ostracion,  256 
gibbosus,  Tetrosomus,  256 
gigauteus,  Tylosurus,  18 
Gilbert,  Charles  Henry,  1,  2 
gilberti,  Goelorhynehus,  327 

Exonautes,  19 

Peristedion,  57 

Scarus,  76 

?Telescopias,  231 
Gilmore,  Charles  W.:  A  Nearly  Com- 
plete Articulated  SkeU'ton  of 
Camarasaurus,  a  Saurischian 
Dinosaur  from  the  National 
Dinosaur  Monument,  Utah, 
347-384 

Osteology  of  Ornithopodous  Dino- 
saurs  from    the    Dinosaur    Na- 
tional   Monument,    Utah,    385- 
410 
Girella  punctata,  241 
GirelUdie,  241 
gissu,  Pterothrissus,  119 
giui'inus,  Gobius.  305 

Rhinogobius,  305 
gladius,  Coelorhynchus,  21 

Istiophorus,  30 

Xiphias,  30 
glanduhfer,  Diaphus,  157 

Pantophos,  157 
glauca,  Isuropsis,  4 

Prionace,  4,  101 
glaucus,  Emmelas,  260 

Isurus,  102 
glossa,  Plagiopsetta,  301 
Glossamia,  43 
Glossogobius  brunneus,  307 
Glvptocephalus  ostroumowi,  301 

sasiT?,  301 
Gnathagnus  elongatus,  316 
Gnathanodon  speciosus,  41 
Gnatholepis  knighti.  78 
Gnathopogon  biwa^,  165,  171 

cserulescens,  164,  167 

chankanensis,  1(34 

coreanus,  164 

elongatus,  163,  165 


INDEX. 


12.") 


(iuathopo^ou  jiracilis,  1G4,  1()8 

horzensteiui,  1()4 

iijiinir,  165 

ishikawte,  169 

jaiiouicus,  164,  171 

jordani,  167 

longifilis,  164,  169 

majimiie,  164,  167,  340 

mayedse,  171 

.strigatus,  164 

suwa',  163,  166 

ti3eniatus,  164 

tsuchigte,  164,  170 
Gobies,  77 
Gobiida?,  77,  304 
Gobio  biwa\  169 

mayediP,  171 
Gobioidei,  77 
Gobiopterus  farcimen,  77 
Gobius  alljo]:)unetaiis,  78 

castaneus,  307 

giurinus,  305 

sandvicensis,  78 

yokohama?,  305 
godeffroyi,  Anampses,  71 
goklsboroughi,  Gymnothorax,  16 
Gomphosus  sandwichensis,  71 

tricolor,  71 

varius,  71 
gonez,  Cottiusculu.s,  279 
Goniistius  vittatus,  53 
zebra,  247 
zonatus,  247 
Gonorhynchidse,  153 
Gonorhynchus  abbreviatus,  153 
Gonostomidff,  8 

gorbuscha,  Oncorhynchus,  123,  129,  338 
grac'ilicauda,  Gj-mnothorax,  16 
gracilicaudus,  Centrol)i'ancluis,  12 
gracilis,  Capoeta,  168 
Gnathopogon,  168 
Laosaurus,  385,  403,  410 
Saurida,  10 
Grammicolepida^,  24 
Grammatonotus  laysanus,  47 
grandis,  Camarasaurus,  352 
grandisfiuama,  Scseops,  295 
grandisquamis,  Saurida,  155 
grandoculis,  Monotaxis,  51 


granulosus,  S(|ualus,  lOS 
Great  W'liite  sharks,  5 
greenovi,  C'oi'is,  70 
grex,  Pneumatopliorus,  ;!!,  211 
grigorjewi,  Dinogunellus,  320 

Xystrias,  297 
Cirinuell,  Fordyoe,  Jr.,  1 
grinnclU,  Physicuhis,  22 
griseus,  MaUikichtliys,  23:! 

Mustehis,  101 
gueutlieri,  Lepidot  ligla,  2S'.) 

Leucogobio,  165 
guntheri,  Sel)astodes,  261 

Teuthis,  65 
gulosus.  Chasm iclitliys.  3()S 
guttatus,  Aeautliurus,  66 
Gymnocanthus  herzensteini,  279 

intermedius,  279 
Gymnodontes,  86 
Gymnosarda,  213 
Gymnosarda  iiuda,  215 

unicok)r,  31 
gymnostethoides,  Caraiigoides,  40 
Gymnothorax  l)erndti,  16 

ercodes,  16 

eurostus,  16 

flavomarginatus,  16 

gdldsljorouglii,  16 

gracilicauda,  16 

hik)nis,  16 

kiysanus,  16 

leucacme,  16 

leucost  ictus,  16 

nieleagris,  16 

mucifer,  16 

nuttingi,  KJ 

jM'teUi,  16 

pictus,  17 

reticukiris,  198 

steindachneri,  16 

tliakissopterus,  16 

inuUdatus,  16 

vinok'ntus,  15 

waialua'.  Hi 

xanthostomus,  17 

hadropterus,  Ctenogobius,  306 
ha>matocheiki,  Liza,  208 
ha'niat<)i)t('rus,  Lethi'iinis,  240 


426 


MKMOIKS  OF  TIIK  CAHMOCIK  MISKIM. 


liakoiu'iisis,  Acaliara,  17<S,  1S2 

Lciiciscus,  1S2 
liakuciisis,  Lcut'iscus,  178 
llalic'liiiTcs  hlei'kcri,  251 

iridescens,  70 

lao,  70 

onuitissiimis,  70 

IKrcileptcius,  2n{) 

j)yn'lio,u;i'aiiinius,  2')() 

tcnuiyijinus,  250 
IlalieutiPa  retifera,  91 

steHata,  330 
Ilalocypselus,  19,  203 
llalosauricUp,  9 
lIal()sauroi)sis,  9 
"Ilaniiner-hfad,"  4 
Haplacanthasaiirus,  3(i7,  372 
Ha]ial(tj>;enys  mucronatus,  239 

iiigril)iimi,s,  239 
Haplocheilus,  198 
Ilaiildini,  92 
llareiij>;ula  zunasi,  121 
hasselti,  Selar?  38 
liawaiiensis,  Dasyatis,  5 

Draconnetta,  80 

Elops,  6,  119 

Alacroi-lianiphosus.  28 

Makeot'L'plialus,  22 

Moringua,  15 

Pa?cilo])setta,  24 

Sca^ojxs,  25 
Hazeus,  78,  304 
Htizcus  otakii,  304 
Head-fishes,  88 
heatlii,  Argyropelecus,  9 
lu'lfctatus,  ^laei'oums,  21 
Ilelicoknius  emblemarius,  272 

rufescens,  54 
heliotropinus,  Pseudoscarus,  70 
hcneri,  Spliyra^na,  29 
helvolus,  Uraspis,  40 
Hemiharlnis  barhus,  172 
Hemicoris  kek-ipionis,  71 

remedius,  71 
IIemi,<ii-amni()cyi)i-is  rashoiclla,  Kil 
IIeniii)teron()tus  l)ald\viiii,  74 

copei,  74 

jeiikiiisi.  74 

unibrilatus,  74 
HemirhamphidiTe,  18,  205 


189 


Ileiiiiiiiaiiipluis  (lepaii|)ci-atits,  18 
Heiiiisalaiix  progii.'itlios,  153 
Ileiiiil  rciiiia  steiiidacliiieri,  181 
lleiiiiulis,  250 
Heniochus  dii)lu-euU's,  253 

macfolepidotus,  01 
heiishawi,  lirachysoinoijhis,  15 
Hepsetia  insularum,  29 
iKM'zensteini,  ('k'istlienes,  298 

Civninocanthus,  279 

Protopsetta,  298 
hei'zi,  C'()re()]X'rca,  235 

Puiigtuiigia,  170 
heterodon,  Notropis,  1()9 
IleterodontidiP,  99 
Heterodontus  iai)()iiicus,  99 

zebra,  99  ' 
lietcM'ogiiatlios.  Myi'oijliis,  190 
lieteroniycteris  japoniea,  301 
Heterosomata,  24 
hexagonatus,  Clieilimis,  73 
llexagiaminida',  270 
Hexagrammos  aburaco,  276 

otakii,  270 
liexanema,  Cha'turiciitliys,  308 
hians,  Ablennes,  18 

Peristedion,  57 
hilonis,  Gyinnotliorax,  16 

Hippocampus,  28 
Hime  jai^oniea,  153 
Hinalea  axillaris,  69 

balteata,  69 
Hind  limb  and  foot  of  C'amarasaiirus, 

380 
Hipi^icampidse,  28 
Hippocampus  coronatus,  199 

fisheri,  28 

hilonis,  28 

jaiionicus,  199 
Hijipoglossina  punctatissimus,  299 
Hi]ipoglossoides  dubius,  298 

])unctatissimus,  299 
hi})poides,  Carangus,  39 
hippui-us,  Corvphsena,  35,  225 
hira,  Auxis.  221 
hireguro,  Alicrostomus,  301 
hirundinacea,  Chelidoperca,  236 
hirundo,  Cyiiselurus,  204 
hispidus,  Tetraodon,  87 
Histiophorus,  30 


INDEX. 


42/ 


Histioi)tcrida\  47,  245 
Histi()i>teru.s  typus,  47,  24-3 
histricusa,  Deania,  108 
Holacanthus  bisijinosus,  G3 

diacanthus.  02 

diutlon.  88 

fisheri,  64 

tricolor,  61 
hollandi,  AUolepis,  323,  346 

]\Ivctophum,  11,  12 
Holocentridjp,  26,  209 
Holoccntrus  diadema,  27 

ensifer,  27 

erythra^us,  27 

macrourus.  21 

microstomus,  27 

punctatissimus,  27 

sammara,  27 

scythrop.s,  27 

spinifer,  27 

spmosissimu^?,  209 

xanthcr-vthrus,  27 
Holocephali,  6 
Holotrachys  lima,  26 
homei,  Fierasfer,  84 
homogenes,  Barbus,  165 
homozonus.  Barl:)us,  169 
Hojilichthyidse,  57,  288 
Hoj^lichthys  citrinus,  57 

langsdorfi,  288 

platophrys,  57 
Hoplobrotula  armata.  325 
Hoplostethus  mediterraneus,  209 
hoshinonis.  By  nodus,  154 
howensis.  Cantherines.  255 
Hubl)s,  Carl  Leavitt,  93 
Hubbs  and  Creaser,  98 
Hucho  hucho,  146 

perryi,  145,  338 
hucho,  Hucho,  146 
Hymenocf'])hakis  anti'anis,  21 

ateirinuis,  21 

striatulu.s,  21 

tenuis,  92 
Hymenophysa  curta,  160 
Hynnodus  atherinoides,  44 
Hyoid  arch  of  f'amarasaums.  'Mu 
Hypentelium,  174 
Hyperoglyphe,  226 
Hypodytes  rubriiiinnis,  275 


hyponielas,  Stemonidiuni , 
Hypomcsus  japonicus,  151 

olidus,  151 

pretiosus,  151 
Hypoptychus  dyijowskii,  3 

steindachncri,  324 
Hyporhamphus  kummcus, 

pacificus.  18 

.sajori,  205 
Hypostomides,  28 
hyixseloptcrus,  Acanthurus 
hvstrix.  Diodon.  88 


.  152 

124 

205 

,  66 


iburia.  Iburina,  291 

Iburiella  kasawff,  290,  291.  344 

Iburina  iburia,  290.  291 

Ichthyocampus  erythranis,  28 

Ichtliyophis,  17 

ignobiUs,  C/aranx,  39 

Iguanodon, 392 

Iguanodon  bernissartensi.-^,  396 

iijimai,  Astronesthes,  153 

Psettina,  295 
Ihsha  elongata,  121 
illu.stris,  Eumegistus,  35,  36 
imbrius,  SalveUnus,  140,  142.  144.  145. 

336,  338 
immaculatum,  Ostracion,  256 
inipar.  Camarasaurus,  352 
inii)aripinms.  Aliudefchif.  68 
Imperial  University  of  Kyoto.  94 
incipiens,  Xaso,  66 
incisum,  Pteropsaron,  80 
indicus,  Platycephakis,  286,  288 

Upeneus,  247 
Inegocia  japonica,  286,  287 
Inermia  vittata,  47 
inliaghitsch,  Sahno,  151 
inerniis.  C'heiUo,  71 

Platophi'ys,  24 

Scolopsis.  239 

Sebastes,  263 

Seba.stodes,  261,  263 

Sebastosomus,  261 
Iniistius  dea,  251 

leucozonus,  74 

mundicorpus,  74 

niger,  74 

pavoninus,  74 

verater,  74 


428 


MEMOIIJS  OF  TIIK  CARNEGIK  MUSIOUM. 


Iiiiniicus  j.'iponicus,  275 

Inoniata.Mr.  S.,  94 

iuornata,  Kaja,  1 12 

Insidiator,  nu'crdciAooi'ti,  2S(),  2.S7 

iiisvilaruin,  ( 'ai-cliarinus,  4 

llep.setia,  2«) 
intermedia,  Acheil().u;iiathu.s,  162 

Hei-iolina,  223 
intermedium,  Ciyniiiocantlius,  27'.) 
intcrmi)tus,  Areliscus,  302 
innsita,  Cynoglossus,  302 
Iraeundu.s  .signifer,  of) 
iracundus ,  Acutomen  t  u n  i ,  2(18 

Sel)ast()des,  208 
Irex,  37 

iridescens,  Halichcries,  70 
iridorum,  Limanda,  299 
irradians,  Leptoscams,  74 
ischyrus,  Pseudup(Mieus,  247 

Upeneus,  240 
Lshilvauia  steenackeri,  189 
Ishikawa,  Mr.  Masashi,  94 

Dr.  Chiyomatsu,  94 
ishikawse,  Furcina,  280 
^nathopogon,  1G9 
Oncoi-hvnchu.s,  123,  124,  132,  130, 
334,  338 
Is()s])()ndyli,  0 
Istiophoruhr,  30,  222 
Isti()l)lu)ru.s  gladiu.s,  30 

orientalis,  222 
Isuroi)sis  glauca,  4 
Isurus  glaucus,  102 

oxyrhynchus,  102 
izensis.  Sc()ri)a:>na,  272 

jactatoi-,  Canthigaster,  87 
japonica,  Anguilla,  190 

HeteromycterLs,  301 

Hinie,  153 

Incgoeia,  280,  287 

Lepidotrigla,  289 

Mol:)ula,  6 

Nil)ea,  107,  244 

Polyniixia,  209 

Pteroplatea,  115 

Rhinoi)lagusia,  302 

Sillago,  248 

Sphyrsena,  206 

Siiuatina,  108 


Syiiagr(i|)s,  2.'! I 
japoiiicuni,  Acrdponia,  231 
japonieu.s,  Auliclitliys,  199 
Aulopus,  153 
Arctoscoinis,  311 
Bembra.s,  283 
Branchiostegus,  248 
Bi-egmacei-()s,  326 
Calliuriehthys,  316 
Centroloijluis,  226 
Ccelorhynchu«,  327 
Conger,  194 
Dasson,  318 
Da.sycottus,  277 
Engraulis,  121,  248 
Entos])henu.s,  98 
Galeorhinus,  3,  101 
Gnathopogon,  171 
Heterodontus,  99 
Hii)p<)campus,  199 
Hypome.sus,  151,  152  - 

Inimicus,  275 

Lateolabrax,  234 

Leptocephalus,  194 

I^epto.scariis,  252 

Leuciscus,  171 

Monocentris,  209 

Mulloides,  246 

Oevcrius,  22(),  340 

Ostichthvs,  209 

Pempheris,  227,  229 

Pliysicukis,  23,  326 

Pneumatophorus,  31,  211,  212 

Priacanthu.s,  232 

Pristiophorus,  108 

Pseudoblennius,  281 

P.'^eudolahru.'^,  250 

Sc()m):)er,  210 

Sicyopterus,  309 

Spratelloides.  121 

Sciualius,  171 

Squalus,  105 

Svnodus,  154 

f  rachurus,  223 

Trisenopogon,  309 

Trichiurus,  222 

Uranoscopus,  310 

Zebrias,  302 

Zeus,  252 


INDEX. 


429 


jcnkiiisi,  Heiniiitoroiiotus,  74 

Pomacentrus,  68 

Scarus,  70 

Syiiai)h()l)i-aiichus,  191 
Jcnkinsii'lhi  iiiacgresoii,  15 
Joliuius,  242 

Jordan,  David  Starr.  1,  2,  93,  122 
Jordan.  Eric  Knight,  1 
Jordan  and  Dickerson,  Mary  Cynthia,  2 
Jordan  and  iSIetz,  Charles  Wilham,  2 
Jordan  and  Snyder,  John  Otterbein,  2 
jordani,  Hraohirus,  273 

Carangoid(^s,  40 

Cheihnoides,  73 

Dendrocliirus,  273 

Gnathoiwg'on,  1G7 

Leucog()l>io,  107 

IMalthopsis,  91 

Nyctimaster,  157 

Pseudoscaru.s,  70 
Jordanicus  sagamianus,  323 

umbratilis,  84 
jouyi,  Leuciscus,  182 

Moroco,  182 
jovneri,  Areliscus,  302 

Sebastes,  204 

Seba.stodes,  204,  205 

Sebastosomus,  204 
Jugulares.  79 
JiUis  axillaris,  09 

bifer,  73 
jusanensis,  Leuciscus,  179,  180 

kagoshimana,  Scorpirna,  272 

Scorpa^nojjsis,  272 
kaianus,  Synodus,  10 
kail^arte,  Pygosteus,  202 
kaihur,  Mui'spna,  15 
kallosoma,  Novaculichtliys,  73 
Kareius  bicoloratiis,  300 
Kasawa,  Mr.  Masanosiike,  90 
kasawie,  Il)uriella,  291,  344 
Katsuwonidse,  219 
Katsuwonus  pelamis,  220 

vagans,  219 
kauaiensis,  Aldrovandia,  9 
kaupi,  Physiculus,  327 
ka\val)atie,  Br('vigol)i(),  101,  189 
kawamebari,  Bryttosus,  235 
Kawamura,  Dr.'T.,  95,  99 


kawaniiira',    ( )iic()iii\iichiis,     12)5,     128, 

332,  338 
Kay,  Lelloy,  348 
kazika,  Cottiis,  277 

Rlieopreslie,  278 
kel('ii)ionis,  Ileniieoris,  71 
Kelloggella  eardinalis,  78 

oligok'pis,  78 
kcUoggi,  Pseudanthias,  40 

Seorjia^nodes,  54 
kenojei.  Raja,  110,  113 
Kentroca])ros,  89 
Kentrocapros  aciUeatus,  250 
keta,  Oncorhynehns,  129,  338 
kiensis,  Apogon,  231 
Kishinoella,  210 
Kishinoella  I'ara,  219 
kisliinouyi,  Lepidotrigla,  290 
kisutch.'Oncorhyncluis,  123,  124,  131 
kitaharie,  Dexistes,  300 

LtPO]:)s,  295 

Lanibdopsetta,  295 

Microstomas,  300 

Tanakius,  300 
kiusiuanus,  Leptocephalus,  194 
knighti,  Gnathok'])is,  78 
kobensis,  AscM'aggodes,  301 
ki'usensterni,  Acanthocepola,  248 
KuhUa  malo,  41 

mato,  41 

rujjestris,  232 

ta^niura,  42 
Kuhhi(hT^,  41,  232 
Kujiensis,  Raja,  109 
Kama,  Dr.  Toshiyasu,  93 
kvun;e,  Mononiito])us,  324,  34() 
kuniu,  r'Ju'Hdoniclithys,  288 
kurodei,  Rhinogobius,  30() 
kurumeus,  Hvporiianiphus,  205 

Rhodeus,  103,  242 
Ky])liosi(h^N  51,  242 
Kyphosus  cinera.scens,  242 

elegans,  51 

fuscus,  51 

.sandvicensis,  51 

Tiabracoglossa  argent iventris,  2;59 
Labi'acoglossicUe,  239 
Lal)ridie,  249 
Lal)yrinthici,  92 


430 


MEMOIUS  OF  THE  CARNECilE  MUSEUM. 


laceix'dci,  Ta'iiioides,  old 
lacrymatiis,  Tetraodon,  87 
lactipcs,  Aboma,  307 
Lactophiys  concatiMiatus,  256 

ti'iti'opis,  25() 
Lactoria  coi'imta,  25(5 

diai)hana,  250 

galeodoii,  89 

scblemnKM'i,  89 
Lady-fishes,  G 
La^monema  rhodochii',  22 
La^)ps  lanceolata,  295 
laevis,  Mustelus,  100 
Lag'oc('i)halus  lunaris,  257 

oceanicus,  80 

spadiceus,  257 
Lambdopsetta  kitahara  295 
Lamna  nasus,  102 
Laninida',  4,  102 
Lampanyctus,  12,  13 

oinostignia,  12 
Lainpctra  i)laiK'ri,  98 
lampi-a,  Murana,  15 
Lampreys,  Sea-run,  98 
Lampridse,  29 
Lanii)iis  regius,  29 
Lamprossa  anteoibitalis,  15() 
lanceolata,  Aelieilognatbus,  102 

La^oi)s,  295 
lanceolatus,  Masturus,  89 

Osnierus,  149 

Spiiinclms,  149 
langsdorfi,  Hoplichthys,  288 
Lantcrn-fislies,  2 
lao,  Halielueres,  70 
Laosaurus  celer,  403 

consoi's,  390,  403 

gracilis,  385,  403-410 
lata,  Dasyatis,  5 
Lateolabrax  japoiiicus,  234 
laticeps,  C'blainydes,  78 
latifrons,  Ovoides,  87 
Latilus  arg(>ntatiis,  248 
latipes,  Oi-yzias,  199 
latus,  Caranx,  3i) 

Diaiihus,  15() 

Si)arus,  240 
laiiia,  Scams,  70 


Lava-flow  from  Mauna  Loa,  Deep-Sea 
Fishes  from  the  ( 'oast  of  Hawaii, 
Killed  by,  2 
laysanius,  Antennarius,  90 

Grammatonotus,  47 

(lymnothorax,  10 
Leather-jackets,  80 
leclusei,  C'ymolutes,  74 
Lefua  echigonia,  100 

nikkonis,  160 
leihala,  Kchidna,  17  •  ■ 

Leiognathus  nuchalis,  225 

rivulata,  225 
Leiui'anus  semicinctus,  14 
Lentipes  concoloi',  79 

seminudus,  79 
lentus,  Camarasaurus,  352 
Lepidamia,  43 
Lei)idamia  evermanni,  42 
Lepidaplois  albota^niatus,  68 

modest  us,  69 

sti'ophodes,  68 
LejiidochfEtodon,  59 
Lepidopsetta  bilineata,  299 

mochigarei,  299 
Lepidotiigla  alata,  288 

abyssalis,  289 

gueiitheri,  289 

jai)onica,  289 

kfshinouyi,  290 

st ranch i,"  289 
lepomis,  ('oris,  70 
leprosus,  Antennarius,  90 
Tjei)tocar(lii,  3 
Leptocephaliche,  13 
Leptocejihalus  acjuoreus,  13 

l)Owersi,  13 

ectenurus,  196 

ert'bennus,  194 

flavirostris,  195 

ja])onicus,  194 

kiusiuanus,  194 

marginatus,  13,  195 

myriastei',  194 

nystromi,  195 

retrotinctus,  196,  197 

riukiuaniis,  193,  li)5 
leptoihynchus,  Sarritor,  293 


INDEX. 


431 


Lt'ptoscarus  cyclurus,  75 
ii-radiaus,  74 


japonicus. 


252 


.saiidvicciisis,  75 

snyderi,  75 
Icptodirus,  Caniarasaurus,  352 
Leptostornias  inacronema,  8 
lepturus,  Ui'oconger,  196 
Lcstidium  nudum,  10 
Lctlicnteron,  *.)S 
Lethrinus  ha>matoptcius,  240 

m>mataeauthus,  241 
leucacme,  Gyninothorax,  16 
Leuciscus  caM-ulescens,  167 

dorob??,  1S2 

hakuensis,  178 

ja])onicus,  171 

jouyi,  182 

jusanonsis,  179,  ISO 

macropus,  185 

minor,  185 

plialacrocorax,  179,  ISO 

platyi)us,  184 

taczaiiowskii,  179 
leuciscus,  C'ypriuus,  177 
Leuc()gf)l)io  l)i\va^,  172 

fi;ucntli('ri,  168 

jordaui,  1()7 

mayechp,  169,  171 
leuc()o;rammicus,  Dipterysonntus,  47 
leucoma:'nis,  Salvelinus,  140,  142,  338 
leucoi)areius,  Acantluuais,  65 
Leucopsarioii  pctcrsi,  310 
leucostictus,  (iymnothoiax,  16 
leucozonus,  Iiiiistius,  74 
leucura,  Furcaiia,  67 
leucurus,  Uropterygius,  17 
lima,  Holotrachys,  26 
Limanda  iiidorum,  299 

punctatissima,  299 

schrencki,  299 
Limandclla  angustirostris,  299 

yokohama>,  299 
limbata,  Aclicilognatluis,  162 
liml)atus,  Trachinf)C(>i)lialus,  9 
lincatus,  Apogon,  230 
Euthynnus,  220 
Tctraodon,  87 
lincolata,  l^arda,  32 
lineolatus,  Clurtodon,  58 


liuet)inuictatus,  Xaiitliichthys,  S5 
Linophoi'a,  58 
Li()])agrus  reini,  159 
Liopcmijheris  sasakii,  228,  342 

vaiiicolensis,  229 
Lipari(la\  293 

List  of  the  Fishes  of  Hawaii,  with  notes 
and  Descriptions  of  New  Sjiecics, 
1-92 

of  the  Fishes  <jf  Jai)an,   Collected 

1)\-  D.  8.  Jordan,  1922,  93-34(). 
littoialis,  ScorjnTMiodes,  271 

Sebastella,  271 
lituiatus,  C'alhcanthus,  (57 
litui-osa,  Aluteia,  86,  255 
Liza  hannatocheila,  208 

menada,  208 
Lizard-fishes,  9 
Loa,  61,  252 
Loa  excelsa,  (il 
lonchotus,  Oxyui'ichthys,  78 
longiceps,  Monomitopus,  324 
longicirrhus,  Macrourus,  21 
longidens,  C'aulole])is,  26 
longifilis,  Cinathoi)ogon,  169 
longii-ostris,  Euleptorhamphus,  18 

Forcipiger,  58 
Longirostrum  delicatissinium,  224 
LophiidiP,  90,  330 
Lophiomus  miacanthus,  90 

setigeius,  330 
Lophobi'anchii,  28 
loricatus,  Gastei'osteus,  200 
Lotella  phycis,  326 
Lower  jaw  of  Camai-asaurus,  363 
loxozonus,  Dasson,  318 
lucifer,  Astronesthes,  8 
Luciogobius  elongatus,  309 
luetkeni,  Myctoi)lium,  11 
Lumpenus  fowleri,  320 
luna,  C'aranx,  40 
lunare,  Tlialassoma,  72 
lunaris,  (  Vsio,  239 
lunatus,  Callionymus,  316 
lundini,  Atule,  38 

D(>capterus,  38 
lunula,  dia^todon,  59,  252 
luiida,  Ariomma,  35 
lutescens,  Thakissoma,  72 
luteus,  Callechelys,  15 


432 


MEMOIRS  OF  THE  f'ARNEfilE  MUSEUM. 


Lutianidit',  4<S,  237 
Lulianus  russelli,  237 

vaigeiisis,  237 

vitta,  237 
LveodaiKxlichr,  84 
Lycodontis,  10 
Lycogranima  zosta,  321 

INIaccullochina,  44 
Macdonaldia,  199 
macgregoi'i,  Jenkinsiclla,  15 
maehnata,  Elops,  119 
Maekeivl,  31 
Mackcivl-shai'ks,  4 
maciacaiithus,  Priaeantluis,  232 
maci'ocephala,  Ak'iinthe,  55 
macrocephalus,  Gadus,  326 

Sparus,  240 
macrochir,  St'bastolohus,  259 
macr(>ti;natlios,  Chsenogobius,  307 
maeiolcpidotus,  Heniochus,  01 

Xc'oscopelus,  10 
nuKToleins,  Onigocia,  287 

Saurida,  155 
macT-oncma,  Leptostomias,  8 
Alacropharyngodon  aciuilok),  70 

geoffroyi,  70 
Macrojiodus  operculai'is,  207 
macroiw,  Synodus,  154 
macropterus,  Germo,  32 

Ncotlummis,  219 
maci'oi)iis,  Barilius,  185 

Leuciscus,  185 
jMaeroihampliosidip,  28,  200 
Macroiliamphosus  hawaik'nsis,  28 

sagifue,  200 
macrorliynehus,  ()i;)liisurus,  198 
macrostomus,  Oncorlivnclius,  123.  125, 

134,  135,  334,  338 
Maeroui'id;r.  20 
Macrourus  l)Ui'i-ag('i,  21 

ectenes,  21 

giblxT,  21 

helietatus,  21 

holoc(Mitrus,  21 

knigicin-lius,  21 

()l)li(iuatus,  21  * 

propiiKiuus,  21 


inacuhitu.s,  Ai'ius,  157 

Garacanthus,  54 

Sarcocheilichthys,  176 

Sikirus,  157 
macuHfcrus,  Apogon,  42 
magnificus,  Myrichtliys,  15 
Majima,  Mr.  T.,  95 
majimse,  Gnathopogon,  1()7,  340 
majoi',  Pagrosomus,  241 
makua,  Ranzania,  89 
MalacanthidiP,  53 
Makioanthus  parvipinnis,  53 
Malacoceplialus  hawaiiensis,  22 
Malakichthys  griseus,  233 

wakivi^,  233,  342 
malma,  Halvelinus,  140,  141,  144,338 
malo,  Kuhlia,  41 
Malthopsi.s  jordani,  91 

mitrigera,  91 
Manabe,  Prof.  Y.,  95 
manazo,  Gynias,  100 
maiicus,  Platophrys,  24 
Man-eaters,  or  Great  White  Sharks,  5 
mantelliger,  Ghaetodon,  59 
Mapo,  78 

mai'garitatum,  Myctophum,  11 
marginalis,  Brotuki,  83 
maiginatus,  Garanx,  39 

( 'ongrogadus,  83 

Lei)tocei)hahis,  13,  195 
marina,  Vulpecuki,  102 
marinoi'atus,  Girrhitus,  53 

Ruj^iscartes,  83 

Sebasticus,  271 

Uropterygius,  17 
marshi,  Etelinus,  49 
martensi,  Astronesthes,  153 
maru,  Auxis,  220 
mariiadsi,  Decapterus,  38,  223 
Masturus  kmceohitus,  89 
Mata^ocephalus  acipenserinus,  22 
matoides,  Acanthurus,  65,  253 
matsubarse,  Sebastes,  268 
matsushimce,  GrystalHas,  293 
niauritiana,  Trachurus,  223 
mauritianus,  Selar,  38 
Maurolicidao,  8,  154 
Maurolieus  pennant  i,  154 
maximus,  Getorhinus,  102 


INDEX. 


400 


mayc'clu',  Gn;itlu)p()<>;()ii,  171 

Gobio,  171 

Leucogobio,  1G9,  171 
Maynea  bruunea,  320 
McGregor,  Ernest  Alexander,  93,  122 
melxichi,  Pai'athunnus,  218 

Thunnus,  21S 
mediterraneus,  Hoplostethus,  209 
medius,  Camiitosain-us,  385-393,  410 
meeki,  Priacantlms,  47,  232 
meerdervoorti,  Insidiator,  286,  287 

Raja,  111,  113 
megacej^halus,  Ratabulus,  286,  287 
megastomus,  Gongriscus,  193 
Melam])lnies  unicornis,  26 
]\Ielam[)haida>.  26 
melam])ygus,  Garanx,  39,  40,  224 
IMelanobrancluis  micronenius,  20 
melan()]iterus,  Garcharinus,  4 

Gadomus,  20 
melanosticta,  Sardinia,  121 
Melanostoma,  43 
meleagris,  Gymnothoiax,  1() 
INIelichthys  radula,  85 
menada,  Liza,  208 
menesemus,  Pristiapogon,  42 
mento,  Xantliichthys,  85 
jNIerintlie  macrocephala,  55 
Metoi)omycter  denticulatus,  14 
metopnso]:)ln-on,  Gallicantluis,  67 
miacanthus,  Lo]ihiomus,  90 
Micracanthus  strigatiis,  61 
microcephalus,  (lastei'ostcus  aoulcatus, 

202 
niici'odon,  Apiion,  49 

Apsilus,  48 

Fierasfer,  84 

Ralangiclitlivs,  153 

Ulaula,  49 
Microdonopliis  fowlcii,  14 
microlepis,  Antimora,  22 

Mononiitoinis,  324 
micronenius,  I\Ielano!)ranchus,  20 
AIicroi)crcops  dabryi,  304 
Micropliis  ])l('urottmia,  28 
Micropterus  sahnoides,  92 
micropus,  Etrumeus,  7,  120 
^licrostomus  liireguro,  301 

kitaliariP,  300 

stelleri,  300 


mici-ostonius,  llolocciitms,  27 
Mikamo,  Mr.  K.,  94 
Mikimoto,  Mr.  K.,  95 
miliaris,  Gha^todon,  59 
niiniatus,  Scarus,  75 
minor,  Barilius,  185 

Leuciscus,  185 
Minous  adanisii,  275 

echigonius,  275 

monodactylus,  275 
Mionorus,  44 
Mi()l)saras  my()])s,  •)() 
misakius,  Pseudoi'liombus,  2!)6 
iNIisgurnus  anguillicaudatus,  KiO 
mitrigera,  Malthopsis,  91 
mitsukurii,  Acanthias,  105 

Ghimipra,  119 

Entosi)henus,  i)8 

Nibea,  243 

Phasmichthys,  119 

Pteroix)dus,  270 

Scisena,  242 

Sebastodes,  270 

Squalus,  5,  104,  105,  10(; 

Tetrapturus,  30,  222 

Zacco,  187 
Mit.sukui'ina  owstoni,  102 
Mitsukuiiniche,  102 
moara,  l*]pin('pliclus,  236 
Molnda,  6 

japonica,  6 
Mobulida\  6 

mochigarei,  Lei)id()i)s('tta,  299 
modestmn,  Goradion,  252 
modestus,  Ganthoi'ines,  254 

Le]iidaplois,  69 

Pseudas))ius,  181 
mola,  Mola,  88 
Mola  mola,  88 
Molida:',  88 

molucca,  Pempheris,  228 
Monacanthidtp,  86,  254 
Monacantluis  cirrhifei-,  254 
Monocentrida-,  209 
Monocenti'is  japonicus,  209 
monoceros,  Alutera,  255 
Monoclonius,  377,  408 
monodactyla,  ScorjiaMia,  275 
monodactylus,  Minous,  275 


434 


MEMOIR!^  OF  THE  CARNECUE  MUSEUM. 


M()iu)iiiit()i)us  kunur.  324.  ;)4() 

l<)iigic('i).s,  324 

mirroh^pi.'^,  324 
Monotaxi.s  gran(loc'uli.s,  51 
m()n()i)terygiu.s,  Pknirogrammus,  276 
niontamis,  Atlaiitosaiuus.  3.'>.") 
Moon-fishes,  29 
morii.  Sarcocheilichthys,  175 
Moringua  liawaiiensLs,  15 
^Moringuidip,  15 
Moriwaki.  Mr.  I.  95 
^Nloroco,  177 
^Nloroco  hoigi,  181 

jouvi.  181,  182 

•steindachneri.  181.  182 

vamamotis,  181.  182 
IMoiwaurus,  379.  380,  409 
morrhua.  Epinephelus,  235 
^iloi'iison  formation,  347 
mucifer,  Gymnotliorax,  10 
mucronatus.  Hapalogenys,  239 
^Nliisil  cephalus,  29,  207 
^lugilidff,  29.  207 
Mullets.  29 
MuUidte,  51.  245 
Mulloides  auriflamnia.  51 

erythriniis,  51 

japonicus,  24() 

l)flugeri,  52 

preorbitalis.  52 

samoensis.  52 

vanicolensis,  52 
]Mullus  pleurot tenia,  240 
multil)arbata,  Brotula,  324 
multirellus,  Tclestes,  177 
multieirrata.  Brotula.  S3 
multifasciata,  Neopercis,  311 
multifasciatus,  Upeneus,  52 
multimaeulatus,  Pseudomonacanthus, 

86 
multiradiatus.  Myripristis,  26 
mundic()r])us,  Iniistius.  74 
Mupus.  226 
]\Iura>na  balearica,  196 

kaikuT.  15 

lampra,  15 
Murtienesocidir.  14.  198 
Murtpnesox  eincreus.  198 
]Mura'ni(hf,  15 
^Murakami,  Mr.  T.,  95 


murdjan,  Myi'ii)ristis,  20 
muroadsi,  Deoai)terus,  223 
Mustelus  canis.  100 

gri-seus.  101 

Isevis,  100 

.stellatus,  100 
mustelus,  Scjualus,  100 
Myctophida\  10,  156 
Myetojihum  affine,  11 

braueri,  11,  12 

evermanni.  11 

fibulatum.  11 

hollandi,  11,  12 

luetkeni,  11 

margai'itatum,  11 

nitidulimi,  1 1 

reinhaixlti.  11,  12 
Myliobatidt?.  5 
myoi)s,  }^Iiopsai'as,  90 

Traehinocephalus,  9,  155 
Myoxocephalus  raninus,  278 
myriaster,  Anguilla,  194 

Astroconger,  195 

Leptocephalus,  194 
Myrichthys  magnificus.  15 

stypurus,  15 
Myripristis  argyromus,  27 

berndti,  27 

chryseres,  26 

multiradiatus,  26 

murdjan,  26 

sealei,  20 

symmetricus,  26 
]\Iyro])his  heterognathos,  196 
Myxiiiidne,  97 
]\Iyxus  pacificus,  29 

nagoyiie.  Rhinogolnus,  305 
nakamurse,  Chloea,  307 

Furcimanus,  320 
Xakano,  S.,  99 
Nannobraehium,  13 

nigrum,  13 

reinhardti,  13 
nanum.  Fleet rogenium,  55 
nanus,  Camptosaurus,  388,  392,  393 
narinari,  Aetobatus,  5 

Stoasodon,  116 
Xarke  japonica,  109 
nasica,  Congermuraena,  196 


INDEX. 


43^ 


nasicornis,  ('cratosaurus,  35.3 
Naso  brevii'ostris.  ()() 

inoi])irns,  66 

unicornis,  67,  253 
nasus,  Lamna,  102 
nasutus,  Coryplaa^noides,  327 
Xauorates  ductoi',  37 

indicus,  37 
Xcalotus  tripes.  221 
Xeamia,  -44 

neanis,  Thala.ssoma,  72 
nebulosa.  Echidna,  17 
nebulosus,  Amciurus,  91 

Enedrias,  320 

Zenopsis,  252 
Xeedle-fi.shes,  18 
neglecta,  Scorpaena,  272 
neglectus,  Thescelosaurus,  3SS 
nematacanthus,  Lctlu'inns,  241 
Nematognathi,  91 
Xcmatoiirora  polygonifci'a,  14 
Xcniiclitiiyidae,  14 
Xeobythites,  325 
Xeoditrema  ransonnetii,  249 
Xcopercis  multifasciata,  311 

roseoviridis,  79 

sexfasciata,  311 
Xcoscopelus  alcocki,  10 

macrolepidotus,  10 
Xeothunnus,  216 
Xcothvnuuis  macroptcrus,  219 
nerka,  Oncorhynchus,  123,  126 
nesiotes,  Carchariniis,  4 
Ncttastomida^,  14 
Xetuma  osakse,  96,  157.  340 

thalassina,  157 
nexilis,  Antcnnarius.  90 
nibe,  Xil)ea,  243 
Xibea  allnflora.  243 

japonica.  107,  244 

mitsukuiii.  24:5 

nibe.  243 

schlegeli,  107,  243 
Xichols,  John  Treadwell,  1 
niger,  Apogon,  230 

Iniistius,  74 

Sufflamen,  254 
nigripinnis,  Hapalogenys,  239 
nigroniaculatus,  Pseudomona cant  has, 
255 


nigroniaculosus,  ( "anthei-ines,  254 
nigrum,  ('entro.scylhuni,  5 

Xannobrachium,  13 
nikkonis,  Lefua,  KiO 
nimbaria.  Vincigueri'in,  9 
Xiphon  spinosus,  234 
ni])h()nia,  Sawara,  214 
Xi])honida>,  234 

ni]ihonius,  Pseudopriacanthus,  233 
nitidukuii,  !Myct()i)huni.  11 
nocturnus,  Deania,  108 
X"omeida\  35 
Xotacanthidte,  199 
Xotacanthus  ri.ssoanus,  199 
notatus,  (lironiis,  249 
Xotes  on  Fishes  of  Hawaii,  with  l)v 

scriptions  of  X'ew  Species,  2 
Xotropis  cayuga,  169 

heterodon,  169 
X'nvacuUchthys  entargyi'ens,  73 

kallosoma,  73 

tffniourus,  73 

tattoo,  73 

woodi,  73 
Xozawa,  Prof.  S.,  95 
nuchalis,  Leiognathus,  225 
nuda,  Gymnosarda,  215 
nudiceps,  Pehet)bagrus,  159 
nudifrons,  Diodon,  88 
nudum.  Lest i( Hum,  10 
nuttingi,  (iymnothoiax,  16 

Polyiimus.  9 
Xyctamia,  43 
nycteris,  Sufflamen,  85 
Xyctimaster  jordaiii,  157 
nystromi,  Rhynch()eyml)a,  195 

oahuen.sis,  C'anthigaster,  87 
oljhfiuatus,  Macroums,  21 
obscura,  Echidna,  17 
obscurus,  Odontobutis,  304 

Trid(Mitiger,  309 
obtusata,  Splivrirna,  206 
Occa,  290 

Occa  verrucosa,  290 
Occella  dodecaedron,  291 
Occocephalidff",  330 
Oceania,  Fislies  of,  2 
oceanicus,  Lag()cei)hakis,  86 

Pihiii()S('()|)ehis,  1 1 


4::!() 


MKMOIUS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


occliatus,  Rhodc'U.s,  Hiij 
ocellifer,  Psoud()rlu)int)Us,  297 
octotaniia,  Pseudochcilimis,  73 
Ooycrius  japonicus,  22(3,  340 
Odoiitanthias  fusciiiinnis,  40 
Odoiilolnitis  ()))scui-us,  304 
Ogeuceplialida?,  91 
olidus,  Hypomesus,  151 
oligodon,  Osmerus,  151 

Pseudorhombus,  29() 
oligolepis,  Kclloggella,  78 

Tarphops,  297 

Uraiioscoi)us,  313,  31() 
Oligoridpe,  233 
olivaceus,  Acauthurus,  Go 

Paralichtliys,  297 
onimatura,  Parapercis,  311 
omostigma,  Lampanyctus,  12 
Oncesthes  fluctuans,  319 
Onoorlivnchus  adonis,  123,  127,  130, 
332,  338 

formosanus,  123,  338 

goflmscha,  123,  129,  338 

isliikawiP.  123,  124,  132.  130,  334. 
338 

kawamun^,  123,  128,  332,  338 

kcta,  129,  338 

niacrostomus,   123.   125,   134,   135, 
334,  338 

noi-ka,  123,  120 

rhodunis,  123,  125,  134,  130,  137, 
330,  338 

t.schawytscha,  124,  131 
Onigocia  maerolepis,  285,  287 
opcrcularis,  Macropodus,  207 
()l)liiceplialidiP,  92,  207 
()l)hicephalus  argus,  207 

striatus,  92 
()phichthyida>,  14,  198 
()])hi,sui'Vis  macrorhyiK'hus,  198 
o]ihryas,  Arothron,  87 
()plcgnathida\  245 
Oplcgnathu.s  fasciata,  245 

])Uiiet;ita,  245 
()l)sarii('litln's  hiik'iis,  189 

l)acliycei)halu,s.  184,  187 

jilatypus,  184 

iinciro.sti'is,  188 
Optomirus  atlierodon,  20 
Orcynu.s  .scldcgeli,  21() 


oreas,  Barbatula,  Kil 

Oreias,  100 

Oriental   Steamship    Company,    (Toyo 

Kisen  Kaisliaj,  93 
oiientalis,  Dactyloptena,  57 

Istioi)liorus,  222 

Sarda,  32,  215 

Scomberoides,  222 

Thunnus,  32,  33 
oi'natissimus.  C'htPtodon,  59 

Halichcpres,  70 
()i-nitliopodous  Dinosaurs,  385-410 
Orthagoriscus  oxyuropterus,  89 
Ortln-ias,  100 
Oryzias  hiti])es,  199 
osakiie,  Netuma,  157,  340 
Osbeckia  scripta,  80 
osiniiY,  Furcina,  280 
Osmeridffi,  149 
Osmerus  dentex,  149 

hinceohitus,  149 

oligodon,  151 
Os])hronemida\  207 
Ostichthys  jai)onicus,  209 

]iill\vaxi,  20 
Ostorhynchus,  42 
Ostraciidfe,  89 
Ostrarion  immaculatum,  250 

gil:)bosum,  250 

k'ntiginosum,  89 

oahuense,  89 

sebie,  89 

stellifer,  250 
Ostracodermi.  89 
ostroumowi,  (dyptocephalus,  301 
Osurus  sehauinslandi,  79 
Ota,  iMr.  T.,  94 
Otaki,  Prof.  K.,  95 


Ot; 


d<ia,  10;i 


Otakia  rasboriua,  107 
otakii,  Hazeus,  304 

Hexagrammos,  270 
Othonias  undovittatus,  244 
otlionojis,  Etrumeus,  7 
ovalis,  Furoai'ia,  07 
Ovoides  kitifrons,  87 
owstoni,  Centroscymiuis,  107 

^Nlitsukurina,  102 

Seljastodes  (Pi-imospina),  200 
oxycephala,  Eleotris,  304 


INDEX. 


■vr, 


oxycci)lialus,  Wtito,  ()9 
oxyrhynchus,  Isui'us,  102 

Tlierapon,  237 
Oxyurichthys  lonchotus,  78 
oxyui'oi)terii.s,  Orthagoriscus,  89 

pacliyci'phalu.s,  St't)a.studes  (Ptero- 
podus),  270 

Zacco,  184 
pacificu.s,  Dii)lopli()s,  9 

Germo,  217 

Hyporhani])hus,  IS 

Myxus,  29 

Ruvettus,  34,  221 
pachyocphalus,  0])sarii('hthys,  187 

Zaeco,  187,  188 
Pagrosomus  major,  241 
])allasii,  C'liiix'a,  121 
Pallasiiia  eryugia,  293 
Palometa,  226 
lialuca,  Scarus,  70 
PampicUr,  220 
Pami)U8  ai'gciiteus,  220 
Panchax,  198 

Pan-Pacific  Educational  Conference,  1 
pantherinus,  Platoiihrys,  24 
Pant()i)hos  glandulifer,  157 
papilio,  Pegasus,  28 
Parabembradidse,  281 
Parabenibras  curtus,  281 
Parachseturiclitliys  polynema,  308 
Paracirrhites  arcatus,  53 

cinctus,  53 

forsteri,  53 
Parajulis,  250 
Parale])idida\  10 
Paralichthyida",  290 
Paralichthys  olivaceus,  297 
Paramyxine  atami,  97 
Paraperci(he,  79,  31 1 
Parapercis  omniatura,  311 

])ter<)stigina.,  7!) 

pulchella,  311 
Parapristipoma  trilincatum,  238 
Parasalanx  ;u'i.akensis,  153 
Parasilurus  asotus,  159 
Parathunnus,  210 
Paratlunmus  mebaclii,  218 

•sibi,  218 
pardalis,  Spluei-oides,  259 


Pareiopiitic,  54 

Parexocoetus  bracliy|)t('iiis,  19 
Paronotus,  220 
Parrot-fishes,  75 
l)arva,  Pseudogol^io,  177 

Pseudoiasbora,  177 
parvipinnis,  Malacantluis,  53 

Scorpsenodes,  54 
parvis(iuaniis,  Sillago,  248 
pavoninus,  Iniistius,  74 
Pearl-fishes,  84 

pectinirosti'is,  Boleojihthalnuis,  304 
Pediculati,  90 
Pegasidse,  28 
Pegasus  pajiilio,  28 
pelagicus,  Amphioxides,  3 
pelamis,  Euthynnus,  31,  220 

Katsuwonus,  220 
Pelecanichthys  erunienalis,  25 
Peloropsis  xenojis,  55 
Pelt('ol)agrus  fulvidraco,  159 

nudiceps,  159 
Pelvic  girdle  of  Camarasaui'us,  380 
Penipherida\  227 
Penii:)heris  japonicus,  227,  229 

molucca,  228 
pennant i,  Maurolicus,  154 
PentanchidiP,  100 
Pentanchus  ])rofundic()lus,  100 
Percesoces,  29 
Perciformes,  30 
percoides,  PseudDlilcnnius,  281 
Percomoi'i)hi,  2!) 
Pei-iophtlialmida',  304 
PeristediidfP,  50 
Peristedion  engyceros,  50 

gilberti,  57 

hians,  57 
Perkinsia,  7 
perryi,  Hucho,  145,  338 

Salmo,  134 
perspicillatus,  Scarus,  75 
peterseni,  Daicocus,  290 
petersi,  Leucopsaiion,  :;10 
Petroscii-fes  fluctuans,  319 
peruanus,  Pneumatophorus,  211 
petelli,  Gymnothorax,  16 
petimba,"Fistularia,  28,  200 
PetromyzonidiC,  98 
petus,  Acanthocybium,  34 


438 


MKMOIUS  OF  TIIK  CAHXKc;!!-:  MUSKl'M. 


l)Fl:uiini,  Rliinoiiohius,  oOG 
])fliigi'i'i,  MuUoidcs,  r)2 
l)lialacr()corax,  Leuciscus,  179,  ISO 
pliantasnia,  ChiiniTi'a,  110,  119 
Phasiniclitlivs  mitsukurii,  119 
Pholi(la\  32() 
phorcys,  ("arcliai'inus.  4 
Phoxinus  .septentrioiialis,  178 

steindac-lmeri.  177,  181 
phycis,  Lotella,  82(5 
Phy.siculus  dalwigkii,  327 

fulviLS,  327 

}>;rinnelli,  22 

japonicus,  23,  326,  327 

kaupi,  327 

neniatoi:)us,  327 

rastrellif>;er,  327 
pictus,  Gymnotlioi-ax,  17 

Plectorhynchus,  238 
Pikea  aurora,  40 
pihvaxi,  Ostichthys,  20 
pinetorum,  ("leisthenes,  298 
pinguis,  Sphyra'na,  206 
pinnatiilus,  Decapterus,  37 
Pisoodonophis  zophistiu-s,  198 
Plagiopsetta  glossa,  301 
planeri,  Lampetra,  98 
Platophrys  chkjrosjiiliis,  24 

coarctatus,  24 

inermis,  24 

manous,  24 

pantlierinus.  24 
platophrys,  Hoiilichthys,  57 
Platyl)elone  ]:)latyura,  18 
Platvcephalidse,  285 
Platycephakis  indicus,  286,  288 
platv]ius,  Barilius,  184, 

"Zacco,  184,  188 
Platvrhina  .sinensis,  109 
Pkityrhinidff,  109 
phityrliyncbus,  Apristui'iis,  99 

Scylliorhinus,  99 
platyura,  Platybelono,  18 
pk'beius,  Polynemus,  247 
Pk^coglossidiP,  147 
Plecogkissus  altivelis,  147,  338 
Pk^ctognatlii,  84 
Plectorlivncluis  cinctiis,  238 

piotiis,  238 
Plectrogenium  nainim.  55 


Pk'urograniinus  azonus,  276 

ni()no])t(M'vgius,  276 
Pknu-onortida\  24,  297 
Pknironichthys  cornutus,  298 
pleurostignia,  I'ikmipus,  52 
pleurota^nia,  ,Mi('n)])liis,  28 

Ui^eneus,  246 
plicatellus,  Atck^oi)us,  24 
plinthus,  Ala^o])s,  298 
PlotosidiP,  158 
Pk)tosus  anguillaris,  158 
pluvius.  SalvcHniis.  140,  141.  144.336, 

338, 
Pneumatoiiliorus,  210 
Pn("umato])horiis  aiistrakisicus,  211 

colias,  211 

diego,  31,  211 

grex,  31,  211 

japonicus,  31,  211,  212 

jxM'uanus,  211 

tapeinocephalus,  210.  212 
pcecilepterus,  Halichcrres,  250 
Poecilopsetta  ha^vaiiensis,  24 
polita,  Atule,  38 
pollux,  Cottus,  278 
Polyacanthonotus  challengeri,  199 
Polydactylus,  30 
]wlygonifera,  Xomatoiiroi'a,  14 
P()lyi])nus,  9 

nuttingi.  9 
Polyniixia  herndti,  26 

jai)onic'a,  209 
Polymixiidfe,  26,  209 
]X)lvnema,  Parachseturichthvs,  308 
PolynemickT,  30,  247 
Polynemus  plebeius,  247 

sexfilis,  30 
Pomacentridiip,  67,  249 
Pomacentrus  coelestis,  249 

jenkinsi,  68 
Pomadasidiie.  238 
Pontinus  spilistius,  55 
Porcui^ine-fishes,  88 
pori)hyreus,  Ui)eneus,  52 
potteri,  Centropyge,  62 
Prentice,  Sidney,  348 
preorbitalis,  ]\Iulk)ides,  52 
])retiosus,  Hvpome.'^us,  151 

Ruvettus,  221 
Priacanthidff,  47,  232 


INDEX. 


■\:v.) 


Priucaiithus  alalaua,  47 

cruentatus,  47 

japonifus,  232 

macracanthus,  232 

meeki,  47,  232 
l)iir'('i,  St('i)han(ilepi8.  8(3 
Primospina  uwstoni,  2G0 

sasakii,  2G0 
Prionace  glauca,  4.  101 
Pricjnodon,  4 
Pristiapogon  erythiinus,  42 

meiieseniu.s,  42 

snyderi,  42 
imstilepis,  Dasysco]X'lus,  10 
Prist  iophoi-ichr."  108 
Pris^tiophorus  japonicu.s,  108 
Pristipomoides  violescens,  48 
Prist iurus,  3 

pr()l)()scidea,  Aldrovaiidia,  '.) 
Proceedings  of  the  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum, 93 
profundicolus,  Pentanelius,  100 
prometheus,  Prometichthys,  34.  221 
Prometiclithys  prometlieus,  34,  221 

solandri.  34 
Promyllantor,  13 

alcocki.  13 
propinquus,  Macrourus,  21 
proridens,  Chlorophthalmus,  10 
prorigera,  Chascanojisetta,  25 
Protopsetta  herzensteini,  298 
psaUon,  Echidna,  17 
p.segma,  C'anthigaster,  87 
Pseudanthias  kelk^ggi,  40 
Pseudaspius  atrilatus,  177,  1S2 

bergi,  180 

modestus,  183 
Pseudobagrus  aurantiacus,  1.")'.) 
Pseudol)lennius  japonicus,  281 

percoides,  281 
Pseudocheilinus  eva nidus,  73 

octotsenia,  73 
P.seudogo))io  esocinus,  174 

]:)arva,  177 
PseudojuUs  cerasiiia,  09 
Pseudcjlabrus  jajionicus,  2r)0 
Pseudomonacanthus  muhiiuacul.atus, 
86 

nigromaculatus,  255 
Pseudoperialampus  typus,  101 


Pseudopriacanthus  ni[)h(inius,  233 
Pseudorasboi'a,  175 
Pseudorlionibus  aisius.  290 

cinnanionu'Us,  290 

niisakius,  290 

ocellifer,  297 

oHgodon,  290 

swinlionis,  297 
Pseudnrasbora  parva,  199 
Pseudoscarus  liehotropinus,  70 

jordani,  76 

sunibawensis,  70 

trosclieli,  70 

vitrioHinis.  70 
Pseudotiiakis  aci-ages,  102 
Pseudui)etieus  ischyms,  247 
Psenopsis  aiiomala,  220 
Psettina  iijinui',  295 
Psychichtiiys  eidoli)ii.  117,  332 
Pterogobius  daimio,  308 
Pterois  hnudata,  273 

sjihex,  50 
Ptero])latea  japonica,  115 
Pter()])(idus  initsukui'ii.  270 
Pterojjsaron  incisuni,  SO 
l)t(>rostigma,  ParajX'i'cis,  79 
Pterothrissus  gissu.  119 
Puffei's,  8(3 

puk'heUa,  Parapercis,  311 
pulclieri'ima,  Coiis,  70 
punctata,  Girelki,  241 

()])legnathus,  245 
]iunctatissima,  Linianda,  299 
punctati.ssinuis,  llipi^oglossina,  299 

Hi]ipoglossoides,  299 

Holocentrus,  27 
punctatofasciatus,  Cluetodon,  59 
punctatus,  Caranx,  40 

('lu])an()d<)n,  120 
Pungitius  brevisi)inosus,  203 

])ungitius,  203 

sinensis,  202 

tymensis,  203 
Pungtungia  herzi,  170 

hilgendoi'fi,  170 
l)ui'pureonia('ulatus,  Areliscus,  303 
inu'purescens.  Chimera,  0.  117 

Seriola,  37,  223 
pur})ureuni,  Thalassonia.  72 
puri)ureus,  Stolei)horus,  8 


440 


.MK.M()ll{f^  OF  THE  CAHNECIIK  MLSKIM. 


Pyf2;()st('us,  20(1 
Pyf>;()st('us  kuihai'ir,  202 

punii'iti\is,  2()o 

stciiulaclmcii.  202 

uiidccinialis,  20;5 
|)\iTli()i;i';miiiius,  Ilalicluvrcs,  2r)0 

([Uadriniaculatus,  ( 'liu'todon,  59 
quenius,  Epinephelus,  46 
(luinqueradiata,  ScM'iola,  37,  222 
(^uis(iuilius  (Higciiius,  77 

Racliycentridi^c,  225 
Racliycentron  canadum,  225 
ladiila,  Melichthys,  85 

Ta>niopsctta,  24 
Kaia  fusca,  110 
Raja  hinoculata.  111 
"  fusca,  110 

inornata,  112 

isotrachvs,  109 

ken(>jei,'ll(),  112,  113 

kujiciisis,  109 

meerdervoorti.  111,  113 

smirnovi,  110,  111 

tciio-u,  110 

t()ba\  110,  112,  113 
Rajid.T,  109 

nuiinus,  ]Myox()cci)halus,  278 
ransonnetii,  Neoditrenia,  249 
Ranzania  makiia,  89 

truncata,  89 
rara,  Ki.shinoella,  219 
i-asborella,  Homisi'ainni()ev])i-is,  KJl, 

189 
raslK)i'ina,  Otakia,  167 
Rastrelliger,  210 

Ratal)ulus  meji;acephalus,  28(),  287 
Recoi'd   of  Fishes  obtaiuctl   by    1).   S. 

Jordan.  93 
rectaugulus,  Balistapus,  85 
regius,  Lampris,  29 
reinhai'dti,  ]\Iyctoplium,  11,  12 

Nyctimaster,  13 
reiiii,  Liobagrus,  159 
remedius,  Heniicoris,  71 
remiger,  Setarches,  55 
Remoi'a  remora,  77,  294 
remora,  Remoi-a,  77,  294 
Reiiiorina  albescens,  77,  294 


Remor()])sis  bracliy|)tera,  294 
reticularis,  ( lyinnothorax,  198 
reticulatus,  Semicossy))hus,  250 
retifera,  Haiieuta^a,  91 
retrotincta,  Congrina,  197 
retrotinctus,  Leptocephalus,  196 
rhabdotus,  Carangu,s,  39 

Caranx,  39 
Rhechias  ai'miger,  14 
Rliegnopteri,  30 
Rlie()])res]x>  fujivamoe,  278 

kazika,  278 
Rhinobatida>,  108 
Riiin()l)atos  scldegeli,  109 
Rhinogobius  candidius,  305 

giurinus,  305 

kurodei,  306 

nagoyoe,  305 

pflaumi,  306 

similis,  305 

taiwanus,  305 
Rhinojilagusia  ja])onica,  302 
Rhinoscopelus  oceanicus,  11 

tenuiculus,  11 
rliodadenia,  Cyclothone,  8 
Rliodeus  kui'unieus,  163 

ocellatus,  163 
rliodochir,  Lffmonenia,  22 
rliodurus,  Oncoi'hvnchus,  123,  125,  134, 

136,  137,  336,  338 
rlioniliea,  Acheikignathus,  Kil 
rlionibeuni,  Zebrasoma,  66 
Rhyacanthias  carlsmithi,  xvi,  46,  236 
Rhynchoconger,  192 
Rhynchoconger  ectenurus,  19(5 
Rhynchocymba,  192 
Rlivnchocymba  nystromi,  195 
Ribs  of  Camarasaurus,  cei'vical,  374 

thoracic,  375 
richardsoni,  CalHonynius,  317 
Richardsonius  ]));uulti,  177 

semotilus,  177 
rikuzenius,  Dexistes,  298 
I'iukiuanus,  L(>ptocephalus,  193 
rivulata,  Leiognathus,  225 
ri\-ulatus,  Canthigaster,  87 
Roa,  252 
robustus,  Camarasaurus,  352 

C'ynoglo.ssus,  302 
rochei,  Auxis,  220 


INDKX. 


44 


H()('k-c()(l,  54 

Rojiadius  aspcr,  2S(),  288 

Roosevelt i:i  aloha.  48 

britihami,  48 
rosea,  ( 'oris,  71 
roseoviridis,  Neopercis,  79 
roseiim,  BemlM-adium,  5(5 
Rosicola  fuscescens,  260 
rostrata,  Brachvopsis,  298 

Deania,  108 
rostratus,  Fodiator,  19 
rotundatus,  Caiithidermis,  254 
rubcscens,  Exocoetus,  19 
rul)rii)es,  Sphcoroides,  258 
rubripinnis,  Hy]M)dytes,  275 
rubroviuctus,  rallionymus,  80 
Riidarius  ercodes,  255 
Rudder-fishes,  51 
rufescens,  Helicolenus,  54 
rupestris,  Kuhlia,  232 
Rupiscartes  gibl)ifrons,  83 

marmoratus,  83 

variolosus,  83 
ruscosum.,  Centroscyllium,  5 
russelli,  Lutianus,  237 
ruthia\  Zanclus,  64 
rutilus,  Salarias,  83 
Ruvettus  pacificus,  34,  221 

pretuosus,  221 

tydcmani,  221 

sachi,  Draciscus,  293 
Sacrum  of  Camarasaurus,  370 
sagamianus,  Carapus,  323 

Jordanicus,  323 
sagamius,  (?)Carapus,  323 
sagifuc,  Macrorhamphosus,  200 
Hail-fishes,  30 
saira,  C'ololabis,  206 
sajori,  Hyporliampluis,  205 
Salangichthys  niicrodon,  153 
HalangidiB,  153 
Salarias  cypho,  S3 

edentulus,  83 

rutilus,  83 

zebra,  83 
Salmo  inghaghitsch,  151 

perrvi,  134 

Shasta,  139 
salnioides,  Micropterus,  92 


Salnioiiida',  by  David  Stai'i' Jordan  and 
iM'iiest  Alexander  MeCiicgor,  122 
Salvelinus  fontinalis,  145 

imbi-ius,  142,  145,  330,  338 

leucomoenis,  338 

malnia,  141,  338 

pluvius,  141,  336,  338 

spectabilis,  140,  338 
Saniarida\  301 
vSamariscus  coi'allinus,  25 
sammara,  Holocentrus,  27 
Samoa,  Tlie  Fishes  of,  2 
samoensis,  Mullcjides,  52 
sancti-petri,  Scomberoides,  37 
sandvicensis,  Acaiithurus,  (Hi 

Antennarius,  90 

Eleotris,  77 

GoImus,  78 

Gomphosus,  71 

Kyi)hosus,  51 

Lej^toscarus,  75 
sanguineus,  Verriculus,  69 
sara,  Acanthocybium,  34,  213 
Sarcocheiliehthys  niaeulatus,  176 

morii,  175 

variegatus,  175 
Sarda,  213 
Sarda  ehik'nsis,  32 

lineolata,  32 

orientalis,  32,  215 

sarda,  32 
Sardinia  mclanosticta,  121 
Sarritoi-  leptorhvnchus,  293 
Sasaki,  Prof.  M",  95 
sa.sakii,  Liopempheris,  228,  342 

Primospina,  260 

Se))ast()des,  260 
sasa\  Glyptocephalus,  301 
satsumio,  Lysodenna.  275 

Sayonara,  2'M\ 

Zaliscopus,  313 
Saurida  argyro])hanes,  155 

cso,  155 

gracilis.  10 

grandistiuamis,  155 

tumlMl,  155 
Saurus,  10 
Sawara,  213 
Sawara  niphonia,  214 
saxatilis,  Al)udeftluf,  249 


442 


MIOM()U{S  OF  THE  CAKNECilK  MUSKIJM. 


Sayoiiai'a  satsuina',  2."^() 
Sca'(){)s  ai'ciiifola,  2") 

grandisciuania,  20") 

hawaiit'iisis,  25 

xenaiidius,  25 
scaliiriim,  Xesurus,  253 
Scat'ida',  252 
Scaridca  acrosa,  75 

halia,  75 

zonarcha,  75 
Scarus  ahula,  75 

l)atavit'nsi.s,  7(5 

bciiiK'tti,  76 

borborus,  75 

bi'uiiiH'Us,  75 

tlubius,  75 

eiythrodon,  70 

formosus,  76 

tiilbci'ti,  76 

jciikiiisi,  76 

lauia,  7() 

miiiiatus,  75 

])aluca,  76 

perspicillatus,  75 
Scoptcrias  frasiilis,  45 
scliauinslandi,  Osunis,  7!) 
schismatorliynchus,  Tylosurus,  206 
ychlegeli,  CaiJrodon,  236 

Cepola,  249 

Ervtlirocles,  47.  245 

Niix^i,  107,  248 

Oreynus,  21() 

Rhinobatos,  lO'.) 

Scbastudt's,  267 

Scbastosoiiius,  267 

Syngiiatlms,  199 
sc'lilciiinu'fi,  Lactoiia,  89 
schi-cncki,  Liiiiaiida,  299 
St'ia'iia  coif  Of,  242 

niitsukufii,  242 

uinbia,  242 
Sc'ia'nida>,  242 
scici'a,  Dasyatis,  5 
(^cintillans,  Erytlirock's,  47 
Sclerodermi,  84 
Sclerotic  I'iiig  in  eve  of  C'ainarasaurvis, 

366 
Scolo])sis  inerniis,  239 
ScotnlKT.  31,210 
Sconibcroides  orientalis,  222 


sancti-pctri,  37 

tolooparali,  37 
Scoiiibcroiiiorus,  213 
Scombcroinorus  sinensis,  214 
Sc()nit)i-esocida',  206 
Scombriche,  31,  209 
Scombropidse,  231 
Scombi'ops  ])oops,  231 
Scori)a'nidiP,  54,  259 
Scorpsena  gibbosa,  272 

kagoshimaiia,  272 

monodactyla,  275 

neglecta,  272 
Scorpsenodes  kelloggi,  54 

littoralis,  271 

paivipinnis,  54 
Scori)a?nopsis  altirostris,  55 

cacopsis,  55 

catocala,  55 

cirrhosa,  272 

gibbosa,  55,  272 

kagosliimana,  273 
Scorpion-fishes,  54 
scripta,  Alutera,  SO 

Osbeckia,  86 
Scuticaria  tigrina,  17 
Scylliorhinidti:',  3,  99 
Scylliorhinus  platyrhynchus,  99 
scythrops,  Holocentrus,  27 
scythropus,  Sel)asto(k's  (Aciito- 

mentuni),  269 
Sea-l^iass,  45 
Sea-bats,  91 
Sea-t)i'(>anis,  35 
Sea-(k'vils,  90 
Scni-horses,  28 
Scale,  Alvin,  2 
sealei,  Myripristis,  26 
Sea-niotlis,  28 
Sea-run  Lampiey,  98 
Sea-toads,  90 
seba\  Ostracion,  89 
Sebastapistes  asijcrelki,  54 

ballieui,  54 

coloi'atus,  54 

coniorta,  54 
-  corallicola,  54 

galactacma,  54 
Sebastelhi  littoralis,  271 


INDEX. 


443 


Sebastcs  iiiermis.  263 
joyueri,  204 
matsubarse,  268 
ventrico^^us.  263 
Sebastichthys.  259 
Sebasticus  albofasciatu.s,  271 
marmoratus,  271 
tsuraara,  271 
Sebastodes  elegans,  260,  270 
flainmeus,  260.  268 
fu;>ccscens.  260,  201 
guntheri,  260,  261 
inermis,  260,  261 
iracuudus,  208 
joyneri,  264,  205 
mitsikurii,  270 
uigi'ocinctus,  258 
owstoiii,  200 
jiachycephalus,  270 
paucispinis.  258 
sasakii,  200 
schlegeli,  207 
scythroi)us,  209 
stcindachneri,  200,  2(57 
tac'zanowskii,  200.  207 
thompsoni,  200,  205 
tokionis,  200,  263 
trivittatus,  270 
ventricosus,  261,  263 
vulpes,  270 
Sebastolobus  maf-rofhir,  259 
Sebastopsis,  271 
Sebastosomus  flammeus,  260 
inermis,  260,  201 
itinus,  200 
joyneri,  264 
sciilegeli,  207 
steindachneri,  200 
taczanowskii,  260 
thompsoni.  200 
Sectator  aziuvus,  51 
Selar  hasselti?  38 

mauritianus,  38 
Selenichthyes,  29 
semicinctus,  Leiuranus,  14 
Semicossyphus  reticulatus,  250 
semifasciata,  Argentina,  152 
semilineatus,  Apogon,  230 
seminudus,  Lentipes.  79 
semipunctatu.s,  Asterroptei'yx,  77 


semotilus,  Rieliard_sonius,  177 
senboe,  Chloea,  307 
sentipellis.  Trachoiiurus.  22 
septemfasciatus.  Epinephelus,  23() 
septentrionalis,  Acanthocluetodon.  253 

Phoximus,  178 
Seriola  aureovittata,^222  ^ 
purimrascens,  37,  223 
([uin(iueradiata.  37.  222 
sparna.  37 
Seriolina  intermedia.  223 
serpens,  Gem]\vlus,  35 
Serranidii^,  45,  230 
serrata,  Fistularia,  28,  200 
Serrivomer  lieani,  14 _ 
servus,  Therai)on.  237 
Setarches  remiger,  55 
setifer.  Cluetodon,  58,_252 
setiger.  Dasycottus,  277 
setigerus,  Lopliiomus,  330 
sexfasciata,  Neopercis,  311 
sexfilis,  Polyn(Hiuis.  30 
Sharks,  Mackerel,  4 

Thresher,  4 
sliasta,  Salmo,  139  ^ 
sibi,  Germo.  33,  218 
Parathunims.  218 
Thunnus,  218 
Siboma,  177 
Sicydium  alljotspniatum.  79 

stimpsoni,  79 
Sicvopterus  japonicus.  309 
sieboldi,  Ulauhi.  48,  49,  237 

Zacco,  186 
signif(>r,  Iracundus,  55 
Sillaginidfe,  248 
Sillago  japonica,  248    ^ 
parvisciuamis,  248 
Sihuida^,  159 
Sihu'us  calvarius,  159 
Silversides,  29 
simihs,  Ctenogobius,  30.) 

Rhinogol)ius.  305 
sinuis,  C'ypselm-us,  20^ 
sindonis,  AV)udefduf.  08 
sinensis,  Pungitius,  202 

Scomberomorus.  214 
Sini])erca  chua-tsi.  235 
sinuosus,  Cheihnus,  73 
sivicohi,  Watasea,  325 


444 


MKMOlliS  OK    rillO  CAKNKCIK  MUSIOUM. 


Skull  of  Cainai-asaurus,  ;^r)3-;3()3 

SlcCjKM'S,   77 

sminiovi.  Raja,  1 1 1 
Snake-i'c4s,  14 
Snake-mackerels,  34 
Snappers,  48 
Snipe-eels,  14 
snodgrassi,  Sphyraaia,  I'A) 
Snyder,  Prof,  .lolin  Otterlx'in,  W.i 
snydei'i,  Leptosearus,  7") 

Pi'istiapogon,  42 

Tjrnioides,  310 
Snyderidia  canina,  84 
solandri,  Acanthocyhiuni,  34 
?Solea  anonvnia.  302 
S()leida>,  301 
Soles,  25 
Sorcerers,  14 
soi-didus,  Al)udefduf,  (i8 

Bk'nnius,  82 
Sjmrid^p,  51,  240 
S]iarisomatida\  74 
s[)ai'na,  Seriola,  37 
S])arus  latus,  240 

macrocephalus,  240 
Spear-fishes,  30 
speciosus,  (Jnathonodon,  41 
speetabilis,  Salvelinus,  140,  144,  338 
Si)liagel)ranclius  flavicavidus,  14 
Spheroides  florealis,  86 
s]i]iex,  Pterois,  56 
Si)li(eroides  alboplumlieus,  258 

guttulatus,  258 

olilongus,  258 

ocellatus,  258 

pai'dalis,  259 

nil)ripes,  258 

stictonotus,  258 

vermicularis,  259 
Sjiliyripna  helleri,  29 

japonica,  206 

obtusata,  206 

pinguis,  206 

snodgrassi,  30 
Spliyrsenidiip,  20(i 
S])hvrna  zygai-na,  4,  101 
Sphyrnidff,  4,  29,  101 
siiilistius,  Pontinus,  55 
sjiilonota,  C'aproi\vgia,  89 
spilonotoptei'us,  Cypselurus,    20 


si)ilosomus,  Stepiiaiiolepis,  86 
Spinax,  5 

siickleyi,  103 
sjiinifer,  Holoeentrus,  27 
si)inosus,  DasyscojM'lus,  1 1 

Niplion,  234 

Wakiyus,  286,  287 
Spirinchus  lanceolatus,  149 
splendcns,  Bei'yx,  209 

Exoccetus,  203 
spongicejjs,  A])i'isturiis,  ,3 
Si)ratelloides,  8 

ja])onicus,  121 
S(|ualid:u,  5,  103 
S(|ualius  cferulescens,  1()7 

jajjonicus,  171 
S(|ualus  acanthias,  104 

acutipinnis,  107 

l)lainvillii,  107 

brevirostris,  106 

fernaiidezianus,  107 

fernandinus,  107 

granulosus,  108 

japonicus,  105 

niitsukurii,  5,  104,  105,  106 

mustelus,  100 

sucklevi,  103 

sucklii,  103 

wakiyse,  104 
s(iuaniiceps,  Chriont'nia,  79 
Scjuamipennes,  58 
S(iuirrel-fishes,  26 
Sciuatina  japonica,  108 
Sciuatinidfe,  108 
stamineus,  C'honopliorus,  79 
Stanford  University,  96 
starksi,  Ebosia,  273 
steenackeri,  Ishikauia,  189 
Stegosaurus,  408 
steindachneri,  Antigonia,  58 

Argo,  225 

Gymnothorax,  16 

Hemitremia,  161 

Moroco,  181,  182 

Phoxinus,  177,  181 

Pygostcus,  202 

Sebastodes  (Sebastosonuis),  267 

Tai-actes,  225 
stelgis,  Cyttomimus,  23 
stellata,  Halieutsea,  330 


INDEX. 


445 


stcllatus,  Carnnx,  40 

Alustehis,  100 
Sternal  plates  of  Cainar-asaiifus, 
Stern()i)tyehi(la',  !) 
Stern()i)tix,  !) 

(laiphaiia,  \) 
Stetliojulis  alhdvittntiis,  09 

tefiiui,  '2')() 
Stctli()])nstes  eos,  23 
Stewart,  Douglas,  34S 
Stickicidtr,  320 
stimpsoni,  Sicydium,  7!) 
stelleri,  Mici-ostoinus,  300 
stellif(>r,  O.stracioii,  250 

Triorus,  250 
stellulatus,  Dihranehus,  !)1 
Stenioiiidiuni  liypoiiielas,  14 
Stei)hanolei)is  i)i'icei,  SO 

spilosoiiiiis.  S() 
Stiiii;-i-ays,  5 
Stoasodon  iiai'inari,  110 
Stolepliorus,  S 

purinireus,  iS 
Stomatidte,  8 
strauehi,  Lepidotriola,  2S!) 
striatulus,  riyinenoeephahis,  21 
striatus,  C'tenoehfietiis,  (jO 

Ophicephalus,  92 
strictus,  Syiii])liurus,  25 
sti-isatus,  Micracantliiis,  01 
sti'iji'osus,  Aoanthurus,  00 
Sti'oiiiateidir,  220 
strophodes,  L(>pida])li)is,  OS 
styi)urus,  Alyrichthys,  15 
suckleyi,  Sjjiiiax,  103 

Squalus,  103 
sucklii,  Aeanthias,  103 

S(iualus,  103 
Sufflarnen  bursa,  S5 
eapistratus,  85 
fuscolineatus,  85 
niger,  254 
nyoteris,  85 
vidua,  85 
sumbawensis,  Pseudoscarus,  76 
sui)i'emus,  Camarasaurus,  352 
Siu-geoii-fishes,  05 
Surmullets,  51 
suwa',  Gnatlif)po(!;()n,  100 
swiulioiiis,  Pseud<)jli()nil)us,  297 


■in 


syiiiiiieti-icus,  Myri])ristis,  20 
Syiupliuius  stiietus,  25 
undatus,  25 


91 
191 


Synipliysauodou,  x\'i 
Sympliysaiiodou  ty]jus,  2;)0 
Synagrojjs  argyrea,  43 

japouiea,  231 
Syiiapli()})ranchida',  13, 
Syuapliobranc'hus  affini^ 

l)raehysoiiuis,  13 

jenkinsi,  1!)1 

tak(>ttp,  191 
Syiieiit(),iz;natlii,  IS 
Syngiiathidie,  28,  1'.I9 
Syngnatluis  seldegeli,  19!) 
Synodoiitidte,  9,  154 
Syiiodus,  l(j 

fuseus,  154 

liosliinonis,  154 

japonicus,  154 

kaianus,  10 

macr()i)s,  154 

vai'ius,  10 

tal)ira,  Acheilognatluis,  1(52 
taezanowskii,  Leueiscus,  179 

S(>bastodes,  207 
Tsenianotus  citrinellus,  55 

gai'retti,  55 
Ta^nioides  lacepedei,  310 

suyderi,  310 
Tteiiiopsetta  ratlula,  24 
tfeniui'a,  Kuhlia,  42 
taniioui-us,  Novaeulichthys,  73 
Taius  tumifrons,  241 
Takayasu,  Air.  S.,  !)5 
taketa\  Sytui])li()l)raiK'lius,  l'.)l 
Tanaka,  Prof.  S.,  94,  9(i 
Tanaka,  Baron  Y.,  99 
tanaka>,  Zesticlitlivs,  321,  340 
Tariakius,  300 

kitaharte,  300 
tai)einocephalus,  Pneumatoplioi'us,  210, 

212 
tapeinosoma,  Auxis,  31,  220,  221 
Taraetes  steindaehneii,  225 
Tarphops  oligolejiis,  297 
tattoo,  Novaculielitliys,  73 
Teeth  of  f'amai'asaurus,  305 
?Tele.sco])ias  gill)eiti,  231 


446 


MEMOIRS  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  MUSEUM. 


Tclestos  multiccllus,  177 
tenimincki,  I)itrrin;i,  24!) 

Zacco,  1S(),  18S 
T(m-])(niiKlei's,  (i 
tenuiculus,  Rliiuo.scoiH'lus.  11 
tenuis,  Arnoglossus,  295 

IlyiiKMinccplKilus,  92 
tcnuisijinis,  ILilichcrres,  250 
tcrina,  Htetliojulis,  250 
tessellatus,  Cantherincs,  254 
Tetraodon  hispidus,  87 

lacrymatus,  87 

lincatus,  87 
Tetraodontidiie,  80,  257 
Tetrapterus  mitsukui'ii,  30,  222 
Tetrosomus  gil5l:)()sus,  256 
Teuthidic,  253 
Teuthis  fusoescens,  253 

suntlieri,  65 
thalassina,  Xetuma,  157 
Thalassoma  aneitens(\  72 

l)allioui,  72 

cupido,  251 

dupcrrey,  72 

fuscum,  72 

lunarc,  72 

lutcseens,  72 

m^anis,  72 

purpureiinu  72 

umbr()stij2;ma,  72 
tlialassopterus,  tiyinnothorax,  16 
thazard,  Auxis,  31,  220 
Theragra  chalcogramma,  326 
Tlierajion  oxyrhyneluis,  237 

servus,  238 
Theraponidff,  237 
Thescelosaxirus,  388,  408 

neglect  us,  388 
Tliespesius,  408 

Thompson,  William  Franeis,  93 
thompsoni,  ( 'aranx,  40 

Sebastodes,  265 
Thoracic  litis  of  Camarasaurus,  375 
Thread-fishes,  30 
Three  New  Hawaiian  Fishes,  2 
Thresher  Sharks.  4 
Thunnid^p,  215 
Thunnus,  216 
Thunnus  mel)aclii,  218 

orientaHs,  32,  33,  216 


sibi.  218 

thyniuis,  32,  33 
thynnus,  Thunnus,  32,  33 
tiiyrsitoides,  Clenipylus,  35 
Tifia,  coi'allicola,  60 
Tigoma,  177 
tigrina,  Scuticaria,  17 
tigrinus,  Ciak'ocerdo,  4 
tobfP,  Raja,  113 
tokionis,  Seliastodes,  263 
tol(X)parah,  Scomberoides,  37 
Top-minnows,  92 
Torpedinidie,  109 
tosse,  Zak'scopus,  312,  344 
Toyo  Kisen  Kaisha  (Oriental  Steamship 

Company),  93 
Trachidei'mus  fasciatus,  277 
Trachinocephalus,  9 

limliatus,  9 

my  ops,  9,  155 
Trachonurus  sentipellis,  22 
Trachurops,  38 

crumenophthalma,  38 
Trachurus,  38 
Trachurus  japonicus,  223 

mauritiana,  223 
trachurus,  Gasterosteus,  200 
tragula,  Upeneoides,  245 
Tiiacanthida?,  254 
Triacanthodes  anomalus,  253 
Triacanthodidfe,  253 
Triacanthus  brevirostris,  254 
Trii3enoi)ogon  barbatus,  209 

japonicus,  309 
Triceratops,  408 
TrichiuridtB,  222 
Ti'ichivu'us  japonicus,  222 
Tiichodon,  311 
Trichodontidse,  311 
tricoloi',  Gom])hosus,  71 

Holacanthus,  61 
tridens,  Antennarius,  330 
Ti'identiger  bifasciatus,  309 

obscurus,  309 
trifasciatus,  Chsetodon,  59 
Trigger-fishes,  84 
Triglidi^,  288 

trilin(>atuin,  Parapristijioma,  238 
tiilobatus,  Cheilinus.  73 
trimaculatus,  Dascyllus,  67 


INDEX. 


44/ 


Trionis  stellifer,  250 

triostegus,  Acantluinis,  G6 

tripes,  Nealotus,  221 

tritor,  Echidna,  17 

tritropis,  Lactophrys,  25G 

trivittatus.  Sebastodes  (Pteropodus), 

27U 
troscheli,  Pseudoscarus,  76 
trossulus,  Aspidontus,  318 

Dasson,  318 
Trumjiet-fishes,  27 
tnmcata.  Ranzania,  89 
Trunk-fishes,  89 
Trutta,  139 

tschawytscha,  Oncorhynchus.  124.  131 
tsirimenara,  Epinephelus.  230 
Tsuchiga,  Prof.  Y.,  95 
tsuchigip.  (Inathojiogon,  170 
tsuruga?.  Atlierina,  207 
tsushimsp.  Alinnia,  307 
tumbil,  Saui'ida,  155 
tumifrons,  Tains,  241 
tutuihiN  C'entropyge,  G2.  03 
tydemani,  Ruvettus,  221 
Tylosurus  anastomella,  200 

giganteus.  18 

schismatorliynchus,  200 
typus,  Histiojiterus,  245 

P.seudoperilampus,  101 
Tyrannosaurus,  300 

Uintasaurus  douglassi,  384 
Ulaula  microdon,  49 

sieboldi,  49.  237 
umbra,  Acanthiuiis.  05 

Catakipha,  227 

Scisena,  242 
umbratihs,  Jordanicus,  84 
umbi'ihitus,  Hemipteronotus,  74 
umbrinus,  Chaunax,  90 
umbrostigma,  Thalassoma,  72 
uncii'ostris.  Opsariiclithys,  188 
undatus,  Symphurus,  25 
undovittatus,  Othonias,  244 
undulatus.  Gymnothorax,  10 
uniculur,  Exoccctus,  19 

Gymnosarda,  31 
unicornis,  Melamphaes,  20 

Naso,  07,  253 
unimaculatus,  Chsetodon,  59 


uuijjinna,  Amphiprionichthys,  54 
United  States  Fish  ("omniission,  1 
University  of  Michigan  Museum,  90 
Upeneoicles  arge,  52 

ben.sasi,  245 

tragula,  245 

vittatus,  245 
Upeneus  Infasciatus,  52 

chryserydros,  52 

chrysonemus,  52 

crassilabris,  52 

fratercuhis,  52 

indicus,  247 

ischyrus,  240 

muhifasciatus,  52 

pleui'ostigma,  52 

l)leurot8enia,  240 

porpliyreus,  52 

vittatus,  52 
Uranoscopida^,  312 
Urano.scopus  liicinctus,  315,  310 

japonicus,  315,  310 

oHgolepis,  313,  315,  310 
Uraspis  cheilio,  40 

helvohis,  40 
Uroconger,  192 
Uroconger  lepturus,  190 
urolampus,  Diaphus,  12 
Urolophus  fuscus,  115 
Uropterygius,  17 

leucurus,  17 

marmoratus,  17 
ushiei,  Dasyatis,  114 

vagans,  Katsuwonus,  219 
vaigensis,  Lutianus,  237 
valenciennei,  ("allionymus,  317 
valentini,  Aulostomus,  28 
vanicolensis,  Liopempheris,  229 

MuUoides,  52 
variegatus,  Sarcocheilichthys,  175 

Veras])er,  297 
variolosus,  Rui^iscartes,  83 
varius,  Gomphosus,  71 

Synodus,  10 
veliferum,  Zelii-asoma,  0() 
VelUtor  centrojiomus,  281 
ventricosus,  Sebastes,  203 
venti'icosus,  Seljastodes,  2(51,  2()3 
venusta,  Coris,  71 


44S 


MKMOlltS  OF  THE  CAHXKCIE  MrSKfM. 


W'l'aspcr  varicjiatus,  297 
vcratcr,  Chromis,  G7 

Iniistius,  74 
\'('iiliiia\  50 

vcM'iiiifularis,  Sijlunoidcs,  25!) 
verrons,  Veteiiiio,  1."^ 
\'(MT(H)  oxycei)lialus,  (il) 
\'('iTic'ulus  sanguineus,  69 
\'('i'tcl)ral  column  of  Caniaiasaurus,  367 
vcrticalis,  Aldrovandia,  9 
\'('sposus  egregiu.s,  24 
\'('T('i-nio,  13 

vciTons.  13 
\i(lua,  Sufflanien,  84 
villosus,  Etmoptoi'us,  5 
Mncijiuerria,  9 

ninil)ana.  9 
vincta,  Echidna,  17 
vinolentus,  (iymnotliorax,  15 
violcscens,  Pristiponioidc^s,  48 
virescens,  Api'ion,  49 

Fundulichthvs,  177 

Fundulus,  199 
virgata,  Albula,  6 
virgatulus,  ('tenol)ogius,  306 
virgatum,  Euthyopteroma,  240 
Vitraria  clarescens,  78 
vitriolinus,  Pscudoscarus,  76 
vitta,  Lutianus,  237 
vittata,  Inermia,  47 
vittatus,  Goniistius,  53 

I'peneus,  52 

Ui)eneoides,  245 
volitans,  Exoca'tus,  19.  203 
vulgaris,  Acanthias,  105 
\'ulpecula  marina.  102 
vulpes,  Aloi)ias,  4 

Scbastodes,  270 
vulpinus,  Alo])ias,  101 

waiahur,  Gynniothorax,  Ki 
waikiki,  Ai)ogonichthvs,  43 
Wakiva,  Dr.'Yojiro,  94,  95 
wakiyir,  Malakichthys.  233.  342 

Squalus,  104 
Wakiyus  sjiinosus.  286,  287 
Watasca  sivicola.  325 
woodi,  XovaculicliTliys,  73 

xanthorvthrus.  Holocentrus.  27 


Xanthichtliys  lincopunclatus.  85 

monto,  85 
xanthoptcrus,  Acantliurus,  65 
xanthostomus,  Gymnothorax,  17 
xenandrus,  Scseops,  25 
Xenohciyces,  26 
xenops,  Pcloroi)sis,  55 
Xesurus  scali)rum,  253 
Xiphias  gladius,  30 
XiphiidcTp,  30 
Xiphypops  fisheri,  64 
Xyrichthys  niveilatus,  74 
Xystrias  grigorjewi,  297 

yaito,  Euthynnus,  220 
Yamamoto,  Prof.  S.,  95,  183 
yamamotis,  Moroco,  182 
yatalx'i.  Blcnnius,  318 
Veto.  Yo.shio,  93 
vokohamge,  GoImus,  305 

Limandclla,  299 
Yoshizawa,  Mr.  S.,  94 

Zacco  acanthogenys,  184 

cvolans,  185 

mitsukurii,  187 

pachycephalus,  184,  187,  188 

platypus,  184.  188 

sieboldi,  186 

temmincki,  184,  186,  188 
Zalarges,  9 
Zalescopus  satsumtr,  313 

tostp,  312,  344 
Zanclus  canescens,  64 

cornutus,  64 

ruthia\  64 
zanclus,  Bcro,  280 
Zanotocanthus,  199 
zebra,  Echidna.  17 

Goniistius,  247 

Heterodontus,  99 

Salarias,  83 
Zebrasoma  flavescens,  66 

I'hombeum,  66 

veliferum.  66 
Zebrias  japonicus,  302 

zebrinus,  302 
zebrinus,  Zebrias.  302 
Zeidte,  23,  252 
Zeuop.sis  nebulosus,  252 


INDEX. 


Zroidca,  23 
zesta.  Botlirocam,  321 
Lycogramma,  321 
Zestichthys.  tanaksp.  321.  34() 
Zeus  jai)()nicu.'^.  252 
Zozera,  176 
Z(»ar('i(lit>,  320 
zonai'cha.  Scaridea,  7.") 


zonata.  I'-cliidiia,  17 
zonatus,  (ioniistius,  247 
zoiiift'i',  iMilcpis,  270 
zonurus,  Chcilinus,  73 
zophistius,  Pis()(')d()n<i])liis,  l'.)S 
zuiiasi,  Ilai'cn.tiula.  121 
zj^gaMia,  Sphynia.  4